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14.5
= 2.9
5
VSr$
= 2.9 60 $$
= 174 $$
= 2 VSr 54 $$
t VSr$ = 2 VSr 54 $$
E:
1 1 1 1
VSr$ Gl?
, , ,
2 3 4 5
]l*]l:
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
VSr$ =
1 1 1 1
+ + +
2 3 4 5
4
30 + 20 + 15 + 12 1
60
4
77
240
VSr$ = 77
240
]lQOl$]l *{$:
1. lls 'n'
f Q VSr$ =
2. lls 'n'
f Q ]l>Y
n +1
2
VSr$ = (n + 1)(2n + 1)
6
lls 'n'
f Q $
2
n
n
+
1
(
)
VSr$ =
3.
VSr$ =
999 + 1
2
= 500
lls 999
f Q VSr$ = 500
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
E:
lls 30 f Q ]l>Y VSr$ Gl?
]l*]l:
VSr$ = (n + 1)(2n + 1)
6
(30 + 1)(2 30 +1 )
(31)(61)
1891
6
VSr$ =
1891
6
E:
lls 100 Q VSr$, lls 100 Q VSr$ ]l$l l?
]l*]l:
lls 100 Q VSr$ = 100+1
= 101
lls 100 Q VSr$ = 100
O yls l = 101 100
=1
]l*]l = 1
E :
Hyl$ ]l$ f Q VSr$ 150. Al Al$Z MSt, VSt Q]l$ MS]l$V]lyl.
]l*]l:
Hyl$ ]l$ f Q]l$ MS lV> A]l$Ms...
x 3, x 2, x 1, x, x + 1, x + 2, x +3
VSr$ =
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
x 3 + x 2 + x 1+ x + x + 1+ x + 2+ x + 3
7
=
7x
7
=x
MSt Q = x 3 = 150 3
= 147
VSr$ =
2x 5 + 2 x 3 + 2 x 1 + 2 x +1 + 2 x + 3 + 2 x + 5
6
12 x
=
= 2x
6
2 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 11 + 13 + 17 + 19 + 23 + 29
10
129
10
= 12.9
]l*]l = 12.9
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
VSr$&2
ClMS$ ]lls BtMSZ "VSr$'MS$ _]l {l$MS
A>]l$ l$aMS$. Cyl$ l ]l$M {]l$
.
E$
1. AMS ]l$ ]l*a]lsMS $]l ]l* ylMS Q VSr$ Gl?
(.yl.G. 2003)
]l*]l:
VSr$ =
11 + 22 + 33 + 44 + 55 + 66 + 77 + 88+ 99
9
=
495
9
= 55
VSr$ = 55
2. 25 ]l$ $$ E]l JMS lVS VSr$ ]l$$ 15 H$. Cl$ZMS s^l$ ]l$$]l$
MS*y VS]lZMS $MS$s ll VSr$ ]l$$ Hy $VS$ l$. Al s^l$
]l$$ Gl?
]l*]l:
>$ ll = >$ Q VSr$
Al *{ A]l$_..
25 ]l$ $ ]l$$ ll = 25 15
= 375 H$.
s^l$]l$ MS*y VS]lZMS $MS$s (ll 26 ]l$) ]l^la VSr$ = 15+1 = 16 H$.
26 ]l$ ]l$$ ll =
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
26 16
= 416 H$.
s^l$ ]l$$ = 416 375
= 41 H$.
]l*]l = 41 H$.
3. JMS s]l$l l]l 13]l CVSZ 73 $VS$$ ^l Al VSr$ yl$ $VS$$ W.
Al 13]l CVSMS$ ]ll$ B sl$l VSr$ Gl?
]l*]l:
12]l CVS ]lMS$ sl$l VSr$ = x A]l$MS$s
Ayl$ 12]l CVS ]lMS$ Alyl$ ^l]l ll $VS$$ = 12 x
l {M>
12x + 73 = 13(x+2)
73 26 = 13x 12x
x = 47
13]l CVSMS$ ]ll$ sl$l VSr$ = 47
4. lVSZ 50 ]l$ $Z 30 ]l$ $$, 20 ]l$ MS$ E$. JMS SZ
$ VSr$ ]l*$P$ 40, MS VSr$ ]l*$P$ 45. Al JMS $yl ]l*$P$ "60'MS
l$$ "30', JMS MS ]l*$P$ "50'MS l$$ "70'V> lV> $MS$$. $,
MS O]l VSr$]l$, lVS VSr$]l$ MS]l$V]lyl?
(HG, {VS*&1&2008)
]l*]l:
"30' ]l$ $ O]l ]l*$P$ ll = 3040 30+60
= 1200& 30+60
= 1230 (1)
$
O ]l VSr$ = 1230
30
= 41 ]l*$P$
AVS "20' ]l$ MS O ]l ]l*$P ll = 20 45 70+50
= 900 70+50
= 880 (2)
MS
O ]l VSr$ = 880
20
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
= 44 ]l*$P$
= 42.2 ]l*$P$
= 10 3
= 7 ]l$.
MlV> Hyl]l l VSr$ = 7
6. 3 H {MSl 5 ]l$ $$ E]l JMS MS$r$ VSr$ ]l$$ "17' H$. l>l B
MS$r$Z JMS ylz f_. {$l MS*y B MS$r$ VSr$ ]l$$ 17 H. Al
B ylz {$l ]l$$]l$ MS]l$V]lyl? (G.G.. 2004)
]l*]l:
5 ]l$ VSr$ ]l$$ 3 H {MSl 17 H$. M>st { $l 5 ]l$ VSr$ ]l$$ = 17 +
3
= 20 H$.
{$l 5 ]l$ ]l$$
ll = 20 5
= 100 H$.
MlV> f_]l ylz {$l ]l$$ 'x' A]l$MS$s
l {M> {$l "6' ]l$ MS$r$ $ VSr$ ]l$$ MS*y 17 H. As
100 + x
= 17
6
100 + x
= 17 6 = 102
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
x=2
a 0.4 2
=
=
b 0.6 3
MS QMS$ VS =
As lVSZ $ QMS$,
2 : 3
]l*]l = 2 : 3
2
3
]l & ]l* {$
yl) 345
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
]l*$
1
5
9
2
6
10G
3
7G
4 yl
8
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
VSr$&3
]l {VS*# VSr$:
JMS {VS*#Z >$ Q 'P', VSr$ 'x', ]l$MS {VS*#Z
>$ Q 'q', VSr$ 'y' Al B yl$ {VS*#]l$ MSl
Hyl ${]l$ {VS*# VSr$ =
Px + qy
P+q
JMSl ]lyl$ {VS*#$ E]lrl (]ly {VS*#Z >$ Q 'r', VSr$ 'z' Al),
${]l$ {VS*# VSr$ =
Px + qy + rz
P+q+r
E:
1000 ]l$ EVS$$ JMS MSZ EW VSr$ il $. 10,000. #$ EVS$ VSr$
il $. 10,400, ]l$ EVS$ VSr$ il $. 8,400. Al MSZ ]l$
EVS$ >ll$l?
(HG, {VS*&1&l*yl 2007)
]l*]l:
#$ EVS$ Q = 'x' A]l$ MS$s, ]l$ EVS$ Q = '1000x' A]l#l$.
Ayl$ ${]l$ {VS*# VSr$ *{ A]l$_
10,400 x + 8,400 (1000 x )
= 10,000
x + 1000 x
84,00,000 + 2,000x =
1,00,00,000
2,000x = 16,00,000
x = 800
Q = 1000x
]l$ EVS$
= 1000 800 = 200
200
100 = 20
1000
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
E:
JMS lVSZ ll 100 ]l$ $ VSr$ ]l*$P$ 56. lls 20 ]l$ $
VSr$ ]l*$P$ 85. _]l 40 ]l$ $ VSr$ ]l*$P$ 20. Al $W]l $
VSr$ ]l*$P$ Gl?
]l*]l:
lls 20, _]l 40 ]l$ $]l$ $]l, $W]l $$
= 100 20 40 = 40
D 40 ]l$ $ VSr$ ]l*$P$ = 'x' A]l$MS$s, Ayl$ ${]l$ {VS*# VSr$
*{ A]l$_
20 85 + 40 20 + 40 x
= 56
20 + 40 + 40
3,100
= 77.5
40
= 77.5
VSr$&M>$
VSl# VSr$ ]lyl$ M>$:
1. AMSVSl# VSr$ ]l$l]l$:
VSr$ > As V> AMS ]l$l]l$ Al A. ]l$]l C]lMS
^la^.
2. VS$ ]l$l]l$:
x1, x2, x3,.......xn Al >$ VS$ ]l$l ]l$ =
a, b Al yl$ >$ VS$ ]l$l]l$
1
x1.x2. x3..... xn n
= ab
E:
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
94
36
=6
3. >lMS ]l$l]l$:
x1, x2, x3,.......xn Al >$ >lMS ]l$l]l$
=
n
1 1
1
1
+
+ + ...... +
x1 x2 x3
xn
3abc
ab + bc + ca
C_a]l
E:
JMS ]lMS P ]l$_ QMS$ VSrMS$ 3 MS.$. lVS ^l$MS$yl$. ]l$ W Q ]l$_ PMS VSrMS$
6 MS.$. lVS ^l>yl$. Al Al VSr$ lVS VSrMS$ Gl? ({VS*&2, 2008)
]l*]l:
P ]l$_ QMS$, Q ]l$_ PMS ]l*]l l* Er$ M>st B yl$ lV> >lMS
]l$l]l$l$ VSr$ lVS A]l#l$.
VSr$ lVS =
36
9
2 3 6
3+6
=4
E:
]l# 20 KMPH lVS A ]l$_ BMS, B ]l$_ AMS 60 KMPH lVS {*
> lVS Gl? ${l$yl$ X ]l$_ YMS V> 30 KMPH lVS {*_
AVSrZ ^l$MS$yl$. Y ]l$_ ZMS 40 KMPH lVS {*_ JMSs]l VSrZ
^l$MS$s ${l$yl VSr$ lVS Gl?
({VS*&1 l$l 2008)
]l*]l:
VSr$ lVS =
=
2 20 60
20 + 60
2400
80 = 30
40
3
2
Y, Z ]l$l l* =
= 60 MS.$.
X, Y ]l$l l*, Y, Z ]l$l l* ]l*]l M>l$ M>st VSr$ lVS
ll l*
=
ll M>
=
15 + 60
1 3
+
2 2
75
= 37.5
2
${l$yl
VSr$ lVS =
37.5 KMPH
E:
$VS$ l$ lZ r$ l $. 18, $. 20, $. 22, $. 25V> E. JMS ]lMS D
$VS$ lZ]l* M]l$V$O ]l*]lV> Q$a ^l r$ VSr$ l Gl?
( &l$l, 2004)
]l*]l:
$VS$ lZ]l* r$tyl/Q$a ]l*]lV> E M>st B* l >lMS ]l$l]l$l$
VSr$ l A]l#l$.
VSr$ l =
4
1
1
1
1
+
+
+
18 20 22 25
4
550 + 495 + 450 + 396
9900
4 9900
1891
= 20.9413
r$
VSr$ l = $. 20.94
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
VS]l$MS:
a, b, c, d Al $VS$ >$ >lMS ]l$l]l$ =
4 abcd
abc + abd + acd + bcd
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
VSr$&4
"VSr$'MS$ _]l M E]l$ ---.
E$:
1. JMS u>Z 50 ]l$ $]l$ A, B, C Al MSl$V> h^$. D 50 ]l$
$$ JMS SMS$ f *$. A, B MS]l $]l$ MSl VSr$ ]l*$P$ 52.5.
Al l V> A, C MS]l]l$ MSl VSr$ 60 ]l*$P$, B, C MS]l]l$ MSl VSr$ 70
]l*$P$, ]lyl$ MS]l* MSl VSr$]l 60 ]l*$P$ ]l^a. Al 'C' MSlZ
$ Q Gl?
(A, B MS]lZ $ Q ]l* ]lV> E)
]l*]l:
Q = 'x' A]l$Ms...
A, B MS l] Z JMP MS l Z $
Ayl$ 'C' MS l Z $ Q = 50 2x
>$ ll = >$ Q VSr$ Al *{ A]l$_ A, B yl$ MS]lZ
$ ]l*$P ll
= (x + x) 52.5
= 105x (1)
Cl l V>, 'A', 'C' MS l $ ]l*$P ll = (x + 50 2x) 60
= (50 x) 60
= 3000 60x (2)
'B', 'C' MSl $ ]l*$P ll =
(x + 50 2x) 70
= (50 x) 70
= 3500 70x (3)
A, B, C ]lyl$ MS]l $ ]l*$P ll = 50 60
= 3000 (4)
(1), (2), (3) & (4) ]l$_
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
4x + 2x + x
3
7x
3
l {M>
7x
= 42
3
x = 42
3
7
= 18
]lyl$ Q$ = 418, 218, 18
= 72, 36, 18 A]l#.
a, b, c, VS$ ]l$l]l$
(a b c )3 .
Al *{ A]l$_,
D ]lyl$ Q VS$ ]l$l]l$
= (72 36 18 )
1
3
= (2 36 36 18 )3
1
= (36 36 36 )3
= 36
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VS$ ]l$l]l$ = 36
a, b, c >lMS ]l$l]l$ =
3
1 1 1
+ +
a b c
Al *{
3
1
1
1
+
+
72 36 18
3
1+ 2 + 4
72
= 3
72
7
216
7
= 30. 857
*.
100 x + 400
120
= *.
= *.
100 x 400
+
120 120
5 x 10
+
6
3
l {M>
5 x 10
5
+
= x 2.5 = x
6
3
2
10 5
5x
+ = x
3 2
6
x 20 + 15 35
=
=
6
6
6
x = 35.
= *. 1,17,000.
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
VSr$&5
VSr$$ & M l>$
AMS]l$l]l$, VS$]l$l]l$, >lMS ]l$l]l*MS$
_ M l> VS$_ ^la.
AMS]l$l]l$:
x1, x2, x3, ....xn AMS]l$l]l$ = A]l$MS$s A#yl$
i) x1+k, x2+k, x3+k, ....xn+k AMS]l$l]l$ =
As lZ { >MS JMS
Q]l$ MSl s AMS]l$l]l*MS MS*y Al Q]l$ MS.
ii) x1k, x2k, x3k, ....xnk AMS]l$l]l$ =
iii) kx1, kx2, kx3, ....kxn AMS]l$l]l$ =
x
x+k
xk
kx
x1 x 2 x 3
x
, , ......, n
k k k
k
x
k
iv)
AMS]l$l]l$ =
v) lZ { > k >l W lWY s AMS]l$l]l$ MS*y k >l
$VS$l$ lVS$Yl$.
E: JMS MSZ ^l Ml] $ EVS$ VSr$ il 8000 A]l$Myl. A#yl$
i) { EW ll]l *. 500 Wl]l$MS$s, ]l*]l
VSr$ ll]l = 8000 + 500 =
8,500.
ii) { EW ll]l 300 lWYl]l$MS$s, A#yl$ ]l*]l VSr$ ll]l = 8000 & 300
= 7700.
iii) { EW ll]l stOl]l$MS$s, A#yl$ ]l*]l VSr$ ll]l = 2 8000 =
16,000.
iv) { EW ll]l VSOl$l]l$MS$s, A#yl$ ]l*]l VSr$ ll]l = 8000/2 =
4,000.
v) { EW ll]l 10 >l W l]l$MS$s, A#yl$ ]l*]l VSr$ ll]l =
8000(100+10)/100 = 8,800.
VS$]l$l]l$:
x1, x2, x3, ....xn VS$]l$l]l$ =
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
A]l$MS$s,
kx
ii)
iii)
VS$]l$l]l$ =
1 1 1
1
, , ........
x1 x 2 x 3
xn
x
k
VS$]l$l]l$ =
1
x
x
VS$]l$l]l$ = ( )
x1k , x 2k , x 3k ..............x nk
iv)
>lMS]l$l]l$:
x1, x2, x3, ....x4 >lMS ]l$l]l$ = x A]l$MS$s, A#yl$
i) kx1, kx2, kx3, ....kxn >lMS]l$l]l$ =
x1 x 2 x 3
x
, , ......, n
k k k
k
ii)
kx
x
k
>lMS ]l$l]l$ =
lZ >$ {]l* {]l B* M> VSr$O G Er$ E
> ^la.
E: JMS lVSZ $ $]l#]l$ MSZZ, {V>]lZ ]ll*l$ ^l>$. Il $]l#
{]l* {]l AMS]l$l]l$, VS$]l$l]l$, >lMS ]l$l]l*O Er$,
MS]l$MPyl.
]l*]l: lVSZ $ $]l#]l$ MSZ ]ll*l$ ^l D lV>
E$]l$Myl. w1, w2, w3.....wn MSZ$
D $]l# AMS]l$l]l$= $]l# ll/$]l# Q
= w1+w2+w3+....wn / n MSZ$
= wa MSZ$ A]l$Myl
= 1000 wa {V>]l$ ...........(1)
( 1 MSZ = 1000 {V>]l$)
D $]l# VS$]l$l]l$=
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
($]l# )1/$]l# Q
= (w1.w2.w3....wn)1/n
n
1
1
1
1
+
+
+ ...... +
w1 w 2 w 3
wn
n
1
1
1
1
+
+
+ ...... +
1000w 1 1000w 2 1000w 3
1000w n
= 1000
n
1
1
1
1
+
+
+ ...... +
w1 w 2 w 3
wn
{V>]l$
{V>]l$
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
s AMS]l$l]l$=
C1+C2+C3+....+Cn/n
=
9
= 32 + C
5
yl{X r$ .......(1).
s VS$]l$l]l$ = (C1.C2.C3......Cn)1/n
Cg yl{X s{VSyl$ A]l$M]lyl.
9
= 32 + C g
5
yl{X r$ ......(2)
C#yl$ E~{VSl]l$ yl{X rZMS (F) ]ll*l$ ^l, s AMS]l$l]l$
=
9
9
9
9
32 + C1, 32 + C 2 , 32 + C 3 ...... 32 + C n
5
5
5
5
n
32n +
9
(C1 + C 2 + C3 ...... + C n )
5
n
9
= 32 + C
5
yl{X r$ .......(3)
(1), (3) ]l$_ E~{VSl {]l* {]l AMS]l$l]l$O Eyll ^l^l$a.
Gl$MSs (1), (3)Z ]l_a]l AMS]l$l]l*$ yl* ]l*]l C#yl$ O E~{VSl
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
VS$]l$l]l$
1
9
9
9 n
= 32 + C1 32 + C 2 .... 32 + C n
5
5
5
yl{X r$ ...............(4)
(2), (4)Z ]l_a]l E~{VSl VS$]l$l]l*$ yl* ]l*]l M>]l#. M>st E~{VSl
{]l* {]l VS$]l$l]l$O Er$l ^l^l$a.
s: JMS > JMS {]l* ]l$_ ]l$ {]l*MS ]l*ayMS E*W^l con version
*{lZ MS]l VS$M>>$ (), V>>$ () ]l*{ll$ Es {]l* {]l
AMS]l$l]l$, VS$]l$l]l$, >lMS ]l$l]l*$ lsO Eyll$.
E: 1) $r$, s$r$: 4 $ = 4100 .$.
2) Ayl$VS$$, AVS$$: 5 Ayl$VS$$ = 512 AVS$$
JMS l conversion *{lZ VS$M>>$, V>> r$ MS*ylMS$ (+), ll$
(&) MS*y Es {]l* {]l MS]l AMS]l$l]l$O ]l*{ll$ Eyll$. VS$]l$l]l$,
>lMS ]l$l]l*O B {]l* {]l Er$.
E: yl{X r$, yl{X s{VSyl$.
9
F = 32 + C
5
,
D conversion *{lZ MS*ylMS, VS$M>, VS E. M>st {]l* {]l
C#yl$ (1) ]l$_ 120 ]l$ E]l#yl$ JMP MS JMP kMS$ A$ VSr$ Q$a =
35 & 2.50 = 32.50
]lVS MS$ JMS lMS$ A$ ll Q$a
= VSr$ Q$a $ Q k Q
= 32.50 120 30 = 1,17,000
{$l ]lVS MS$ JMS lMS$ A$ ll Q$a = 1,17,000
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
Pn = Po 1 +
100
Pn = Po 1 +
100
Al *{l E*W^l]l^l$a.
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
Pn = Po 1
100
Al *{ E*W^l]l^l$a.
y l:
x1, x2, x3, ......... xn Al 'n' >$ VS$ ]l$l]l$ =
[x1. x2 . x3 ..... xn ]n
log x
A]l#l$.
CMSPyl...
Logx = Logx1 + Logx2 +..........+ Logxn.
Pn = Po 1 +
100
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
90 = 70 1 +
100
10
10
R
90
1 +
=
= 1.285
70
100
1+
1
R
0.1
= (1.285 )10 = (1.285 )
100
1+
R
= 1.025
100
R
= 1.025 1 = 0.025
100
R = 0.025100 = 2.5
> fZ MS VSr$ $VS$l r$ = 2.5%
100
100
= 95
100
100
90 85 80 80
= 46.512 r$
Pn = Po 1
100
Al *{l {M>..
R
46.512 = 100 1
100
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
R
46.512
1
= 100 = 0.46512
100
R
1/5
1
= (0.46512 ) = 0.8580
100
R = 14.2
]l]l MS VSr$ lVS$Yl r$ = 14.2%
y l:
{ -H-y-- {Z ]l]l $]l "100' r$ A]l$M. Cyl$ ]l]l $]l$,
lVS$Yl]l$ B* ]ll>Z -st-MS-Z >-..
{Z
]l]ll
$]l
1
2
3
4
5
100
100
100
100
100
_]l
]l]l
$]l
]l]l
$]lZ
lVS$Yl >l
1005 = 95
10010 = 90
10015 = 85
10020 = 80
10020 = 80
5
10
15
20
20
{ ]ll _]l ]l]l $]l$& 95, 90, 85, 80, 80 VS$ ]l$l]l$
1
= (95 90 85 80 80 )5
= (4651200000)1/5 = 85.80
100
100
100
100
100
40
25
10
10
10
_]l
${l
$]l
10040 = 60
10025 = 75
10010 = 90
10010 = 90
10010 = 90
{ ]ll _]l ${l $]l$ A-l 60, 75, 90, 90, 90 VS$ ]l$l]l$
1
= (60 75 90 90 90 )5
= 80.018
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
VSr$ ]l*$ r$
VSr$ ]l*$ r$ VSr$ ]l*$ >l VS$_ VSl
Z Ml ]lMS$ ^la^. D MSZ D A>MS
_ ]l$M E$ .
E: JMS l BMS ]l]l $]l lls ]llZ
2%, y ]llZ 2.5%, ]ly ]llZ 3%,
$V ]ll Z 4% ^]l ]llZ 10% Wl D ]ll>
M>Z l BMS ]l]l MS VSr$ $VS$l r$]l$ MS]l$MPyl (APPSC, Group-I,
Model Paper, 2007)
{Z
BMS ]l]l
$]l
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
$VS$l
>l
2
2.5
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
_]l BMS
BMS ]l]l
$]l
100+2=102
100+2.5=102.5
100+3=103
100+4=104
100+5=105
100+6=106
100+7=107
100+8=108
100+9=109
100+10=110
{Z
]l$]l# l
1991--&92
1992-&93
1993&94
100
100
100
_]lZ
]l$]l# l (xi)
100+5=105
100+8=108
100+77=177
Log xi
Log 105=2.0212
Log 108=2.0334
Log 177=2.2480
Logxi= 6.3026
]lMSVSl { VS$]l$l]l$
log xi
= Antilog
{Z
$]l
$]lZ
]l*$ >l
_]l
$]l
1
2
3
100
100
100
4
5
100
100
+ 10
+ 20
+ 15
- 19
-19
100 + 10 = 110
100 + 20 = 120
100 + 15 = 115
100 - 19 = 81
100-19 = 81
= 99.9190
O VS$lMS ]l$l]l$ ]l$_ D Il$ ]ll> M>Z $]l ll $l lWYl
^l]l^l$a.
$]lZ VSr$ lVS$Yl >l
= 100 99.9190 = 0.081%
= 32.2875
M>st lZ C_a]l 65% VSr$ $VS$l r$ O M>l$.
E: JMS MS ]lyl$ ]ll>Z *f]l*MS, M>MS$MS$ ^l_]l ll MS
ll$ MS lV> E. Al ll ll$, *f]l*MS ^l_]l ll
]l$l MS VSr$ Gl?
*f]l*]l
(*.Z)
M>MS$$
(*. Z)l
2006
2007
2008
61,000
68,000
72,000
1,35,000
1,60,000
1,80,000
=
= 3.213
AVS 2007Z =
68,000 + 1,60,000
68,000
= 3.353
AVS 2008Z =
= 3.5
VSr$ As B* l$ VS$]l$l]l$
VSr$ =(3.2133.3533.5)1/3
72,000 + 1,80,000
72,000
= (39.36)1/3 = 3.4018
MS
VSr$ = 3.4018
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VSr$-&VS$]l$l]l$
{VS*&I, l$l &5, l$l ll
s SMS$ VS$]l$l]l$ Al A ^ {]lOl$.
VS$]l$l]l$ M {lMS l>Z E*W^l VSl
VSr$.
^l]l: lZ 'n' >$ MS ^l]l 'n']l ]lM>l VS$]l$l]l$ As$. x1,
x2, x3, ...., xn VS$]l$l]l$
1
n
= (x1.x 2 .x 3.......x n )
()
log x i
= Anti log
n
_e]l {$ VS$]l$l]l$:
>$$(xi) ]l@#$(fi)
f1
xi
x2
f2
x3
f3
xn
fn
---------------------------www.facebook.com/shekharmine
ll
fi
- O _e]l { VS$]l$l]l$ =
f3
= x .x .x 3 .......x
f1
1
f2
2
fn
n
1
f i
f Logx i
= Antil og i
f i
()
f1 + f2 + f3 + ............ + fn
l VS$]l$l]l$:
C_a]l lZ >$ ]l${]l MS$y, l >$ (Weights) MSW
Es Ayl$ l VS$]l$l]l* (Weighted Geometric Mean) y.
>$$(xi)
>$(Wi)
xx1
W1
x2
W2
x3
W3
xn
Wn
-----------------------------ll
Wi
------------------------------
= x .x .x ........x
W1
1
W2
2
W3
3
Wn
n
1
w i
Wi Logx i
= Antil og
Wi
VS$]l$l]l$ l>$:
1. lZ A >$O Byl Er$.
2. HMS$]lMS$ MSr$tyl Er$.
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n1 + n 2
JMS > 'n' ]l$ ]ll>Z ]l$V> R1, R2, R3....Rn% ^#]l lWYl , D 'n'
]ll>Z B > VSr$ lVS$Yl >l = 100[(100R1) (100R2)
ii)
(100R3)... (100Rn)]1/n
iii) JMS > lls ]ll R1% W, y ]ll R2% lWY, ]ly ]ll
R3% Wl, D ]lylZ ]ll*Ol]l VSr$ ]l*$ >l=
[(100+R1)(100R2)(100+R3)]1/3 100
(s: $]l '+' ve Il $VS$l >l ]ll*Ol]lr$, '' ve Il lVS$Yl >l
]ll*Ol]lr$ A)
]l$ ]lQ VS]l$MS: C_a]l l>MS VS$]l$l]l* ]lyl$ $V> MS]l$MP]l^l$a. A...
G) ]lY]l*$ (Logarithms) E*W_
) ]lY]l*$ E*W^lMS$y {l$MS *{l E*W_
) ^l{MS]lylz *{ E*W_
O ]lyl$ Z l $MS$]lsMS O]l ]l*]ll$ ]l$.
E: JMS l BMS]l]l MS ]l r$ IlZ ]l$V> 1.5%, 2.7%, 3.0%, 4.5%, 6.2%V>
]ll*l*. Il D IlZ B l BMS ]l]l VSr$ MS ]l r$ Gl?
]l*]l: VSr$ MS ]l r$ VS^s VS$]l$l]l$ O]l VSMS# Ml. {
l]l BMS ]l]l $]l]l$ 100 r$ A]l$M C_a]l l> stMSZ
$MS$s...
. MS . _]l
]l r$ BMS ]l]l
1. 1.5 100+1.5 = 101.5
2. 2.7 100+2.7=102.7
3 3.0 100+3.0=103.0
4 4.5 100+4.5=104.5
5 6.2 100+6.2=106.2
VS$]l$l]l$ = (>$ )1/>$ Q Al {l$MS *{l {M> B* ]ll>
_]l BMS ]l]l $]l VS$]l$l]l$= (101.5102.7 103104.5106.2)1/5 =
103.5673
Wl A.
MS VSr$ $VS$l r$ = 103.56737&100 = 3.5673%
E: JMS ${l $]l lls ]ll 40%, y Hy 25%, l>l ]lylZ 10%
l$ lWl D IlZ ${l $]lZ > lVS$Yl >l Gl?(CMSPyl { >l lWY]l
$]lO VS^$)
(GG, {VS*&1, l$&2008)
]l*]l: C#yl$ D ]l$]l$ VSll$ E*W_ G ^l]l^a ^l*.
{ ]ll {Z ${l $]l]l$ 100 r$ A]l$M C_a]l l>
stMSZ >
.lVS$Yl% _]l Log xi
${l
$]l (xi)
1
2
3.
4.
5.
40
25
10
10
10
100-40=601.77815
100-25=751.87506
100-10=901.95424
100-10=901.95424
100-10=901.95424
Log xi = 9.51594
O l VS$]l$l]l$
Log x i
= Anti log
'n' As
]ll> Q = 5
VS$]l$l]l$=Antilog [9.51594/5]
= Antilog [1.90388] = 80.0180.
B > $]l =
R
P 1 +
100
C#yl$ l {M>,
10
90 = 70 1 +
100
10
R
90
1 +
= 1.28571
=
70
100
1+
R
= (1.28571) = 1.02545
100
R
= 0.02545
100
R = 2.545
D lZ l fZ MS VSr$ $VS$l r$ = 2.545%
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>$&1
D A ]l$_ direct V> M> indirectV> M> {$ AylVSyMS A]lM> E.
>l:
>l As "]l*sMS' A A.
x% As ]l*sMS ]llMS$ x A A.
E
50% ]l*$P$ As ]llMS$ 50 ]l*$P$ A A.
> ]lV>:
x % As x Z 100]l ]ll$ A A .
x% =
x
100
E
50% =
50 1
=
100 2
CllV>
1
1
20% = ;10% = ;
5
10
1
1
%=
2
200
E
50Z 60% =
50
y
100
60
= 30
100
E
600Z
G) 150
1
33 %
3
Gl?
) 200 ) 250
yl) 300
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1 33 3 + 1 100
=
33 =
3
3
3
]l*]l
600Z
100
% = 600
3
100
= 200
3100
]l*]l ()
E
JMS QZ 60 >MS 25.2 ]l*]l. Al B Q Gl?
G) 40 ) 44 ) 42
yl) 46
]l*]l
B Q]l$ 'x' A]l$Ms Ayl$ 'x'
Z 60 >l = 25.2
x
60
= 25.2
100
x = 25.2
100
= 42
60
]l*]l ()
E
JMS QZ 150 >l ]l$_ 50
Q Gl?
G) 100 ) 50 ) 150 yl) 200
]l*]l
'x'Z 150% & 50 = x
x
150
50 = x
100
l Al Q ]l $. Al B
3x
x = 50
2
x
= 50 x = 100
2
E
6.5 rZ 130 $r$ Gl >l?
G) 20 ) 5) 2yl) 200
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]l*]l
llr yl$ >$]l$ JMS {]l*Z >*.
6.5 r$ = 6,500 $ r$
Ayl$
x
= 130
100
x=2
6,500
]l*]l ()
E
1/3Z 1/2 Gl >l?
G) 50 ) 60 ) 120
]l*]l
yl) 150
x
1
1
=
3 100 2
300
x=
= 150
2
]l*]l (yl)
E
lMS VSlZ 75MS 60 ]l*$P$, BVS Z 60MS 42 ]l*$P$ ]l^a. Al H jMS$tZ
Al { l$$V>Y E?
G) VSl
) BVS
) ylsZ]l* ]l*]l { E
yl) ^l
]l*]l
llr ]l*$P]l$ >Z MS]l$MP. Gl$MSs yl$ jMS$tZ VSt ]l*$P $
]l*]l M>l$.
VSl
x
= 60
100
100
x = 60
= 80
75
75
x
= 42
100
100
x = 42
= 70
60
60
G) 13,000
) 13,500
) 13,800
yl) 13,900
]l*]l
l$--$-]l = ----$-]l (100+-$-VS$-l- >l)
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
100
Al *{ A]l$_
=
= 13,800
]l*]l ()
E
]l$ l]l $]l#]l$ 85 MSi ]l$_ 68 MSiMS$ lWY^yl$. Al Al $]l# Gl >l
lWY?
G) 17
) 18
) 19
yl) 20
]l*]l
lVS$Yl >l = (85 68 ) 100
85
17
100 = 20
85
]l*]l (yl)
E
{$l JMS MS ]ll B$ *. 30 S$. B$ lls ]ll 20
>l, y ]ll 30 >l W. Al yl$ ]ll> l>l MS
]ll B$ Gl?
G) 45 S$ ) 35 S$
) 46.8 S$ yl) 50 S$
]l*]l
lls ]ll l>l MS B$
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30 (100 + 20 )
100
= 36 S$
D 36 S *$ B$ $l y ]ll 30 >l W. M>st y
B$ 36 (100 + 30 )
100
]ll l>l MS
= 46.8 S$
]l*]l ()
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>$&2
M>--]l$-VS$-V> >$--Z ^l$a l$VS$Y-$..
1. JMS > ]ll>MS R% ^]l Wl, T ]ll> l>l B > $]l
R
= P 1 +
100
P
R
1 +
100
2. JMS > ]ll>MS R% ^]l lWYl, 'T' ]ll> l>l B > $]l
R
= P 1
100
P
R
100
E
JMS ]lVS f 10 S$. f ]ll>MS 10% ^]l Wl 5 ]ll> l>l
B ]lVS f Gl?
G) 15 S$ ) 20 S$
) 16,10,510 yl) 15,10,510
]l*]l
lZ P = 10 S$
R = 10
T=5
= 10,00,000 1 +
100
= 10,00,000 (1.1)5
= 16,10,510
]l*]l ()
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E
JMS M^lr$t yl]l# {$l 15 $r$ B ^lr$t 12% ^]l $VS$l$]lrl
2 ]ll> {MSl B M^lr$t yl]l# Gl?
G) 11.95 $r$
) 12.6 $r$
) 11.4 $r$ yl) 12 $r$
]l*]l
lZ P = 15, R = 12, T = 2
2 ]ll> {MSl ^lr$t yl]l#
=
P
R
1 +
100
15
12
1 +
100
= 11.95
]l*]l (G)
E
JMS ${l $]l ]ll>MS 10% lVS$Yl$. {$l $]l *. 1,62,000 Al
3 ]ll> {MSl, 3 ]ll> l>l B ${l $]l Gl?
]l*]l
3 ]ll> {MSl ${l $]l
=
P
R
100
162000
10
100
162000
(0.9 )3
= *. 2,22,222.22
3 ]ll> l>l ${l $]l
R
= P 1
100
10
= 1,62,000 1
100
= *. 1,18,098
>$Z ]l*$ & s O {]l
JMS >Z x% ]l*$, y >Z y% ]l*$ ]l B yl$ >$ Z ]l^la ]l*$
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>l
= x+ y+
(x y )
100
E
JMS ^ll${ yl]l# 30% W, lyl$ 12% lWYl, Ol>Z ]l*$ >l
Gl?
G) 21% $VS$l$
) 15.6% lVS$Yl$
)14.4% $VS$l$
yl) H ]l*$ Eyll$
]l*]l
O l > = yl]l# lyl$
x = +30, y = 12
(+30 ) (12 )
100
18
= 18
5
= +14.4
]l*]l ()
O *{ MS l>Z MS*y E*W^l]l^l$a.
1. ^ll${ O l > = $f $f
2. ]ll O l > = ()2
3. l* = M> lVS
4. Q$a = l *VS
5. V El O l > = 4 ()2
E
JMS ]ll 10% Wl B ]ll Ol> Gl >l $VS$l$.
G) 10% ) 20% ) 21% yl) 15%
]l*]l
lZ x = +10
y = +10
= x+ y+
(x y )
= 10 + 10 +
100
(10 10 )
100
= 21
]l*]l ()
E
MSZ ^lMSP l 5% lWY. Al ]l$$Z JMS MS$r$ ^lMSP *V> 5% _.
Al B MS$r$ ^lMSP $l ^l$]l Q$aZ ]l*$ >ll$l?
G) 25% lWY ) 25% W
) 0.25% W
yl) 0.25% lWY
]l*]l
Q$a = l *VS
x = 5
y = +5
= &0.25
Q$a 0.25% lWY
]l*]l (yl)
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>$&3
]l*$ >l
D MSZ ]l*$ >l VS$_ ^la.
]lQOl$]l *{$:
1)$VS$l >l = (l$ $]l & $]l) 100
$]l
2)l$VS$l >l =
( $]l & l$ $]l) 100
$]l
3)]l*$ >l =
(l$ $]l & $]l) 100
$]l
VS]l$MS: ]l*$ >l $]l llMS Al A $VS$l]l$ *_$. $lMS A
l A l$VS$l]l$ *_$. O *{ ]l$_ MS *{]l$ >rt]l^l$a.
4)l$ $]l =
$]l (100 + $VS$l >l)
100
5)l$ $]l =
$]l (100 & l$VS$l >l)
100
6)l$ $]l =
$]l (100 + ]l*$ >l)
100
7) $]l =
l$ $]l 100
(100 + $VS$l >l)
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8) $]l =
l$ $]l 100
(100 & l$VS$l >l)
9) $]l =
l$ $]l 100
(100 + ]l*$ >l)
10) JMS > { $l $]l P A]l$Ms... lls ]lyl$ ]ll>Z B >Z ]l*$
>$ ]l$V> R1, R2, R3 Al ]lyl$ ]ll> l>l B > $]l =
P
100
100
100
= P 1 +
100
P
R
1 +
100
= P 1
100
P
R
100
n3
R 1
R 2
R
= P 1 + 1 1 + 2 1 + 3
100 100 100
n3
R 1
R 2
R
= P 1 + 1 1 + 2 1 3
100 100 100
E$
1)JMS ${l {$l $]l *. 1,62,000. $]l { ]ll 10% ^]l lWYl yl$
]ll> l>l $]l Gl? AVS yl$ ]ll> {MSl $]l Gl?
]l*]l:
l ]l$_ P = 1,62,000
R = 10,n = 2
= 1,62,000 1
100
= P 1
100
= 1,62,000 (0.90)2
= 1,62,000 0.81 = 1,31,220
yl$ ]ll> l>l ${l $]l = *.1,31,220
=
162000
10
100
P
R
100
1,62,000
0.81
= 2,00,000
yl$ ]ll> {MSl ${l $]l = *. 2,00,000
2)>]l 300 ^ll# VSg ^ll# VSf *. 3000 ^]l Myl$. B $]l
lls ]ll 10%, y ]l l 20% ^]l W ]lyl$, $VS$ ]ll>Z
]l$V> 15%, 10% ^ ]l lWY. $VS l>l >]l B A$l AlMS ]l*,
]lt]l* Gl?
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]l*]l:
llr $VS$ ]ll> l>l ^ll# VSf $]l G MS]l$MS$P.
P = 3000, R1 = 10, R2 = 20,
R4 = 10
R3 = 15,
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
= 3000 1.10 1.20 0.85 0.90
= 3029.40
n3
R 1
R 2
R
= P 1 + 1 1 + 2 1 3
100
100
100
3
5
2
= 5,00,000 1 +
1 +
100 100
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100
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MS _ ]lMSOl$]l A>$, M ]l$ VS$_
VSlZ ^la^. Cyl$ ]l$M ]l$]l$ ^l*.
E$:
1. l M>Z A, B lMS$ N]l]l ]l$$]lMS$
yll$s$. JMSl, Cyl$ B MSs A 9 H$
lOyll B {$l ]l$$ Gl?
.{$l A, B ]l$$$ ]l$V> a, b H$ A]l$Ms Ayl$ l ]l$_
a + 10 = 2(b 10) I
a = b + 9 II
II ]l$ I Z {S
b + 9 + 10 = 2(b 10)
b + 19 = 2b 20
b = 39
{$l B ]l$$ 39 H$
2. {$l ]l$$ l]l l{yl ]l$$Z VS. 15 H {MSl ]l$$ l]l l{yl
]l$$Z ]ly ]ll$. Al l>l ]l$$ Gl?
.{$l ]l$$ R A]l$MS$s Al l{yl ]l$$ 2R A]l#l$. Ayl$ l
]l$_
R 15 =
2R 15
3
3(R 15) = 2R 15
3R 45 = 2R 15 R = 30
5K 50 + 9K 25 + 4K 20 O$.
l ]l$_
5K 50 + 9K 25 + 4K 20
= 22,200
250K + 225K + 80K = 22,200
( 222 *]l$ OZMS ]l*al 22,200 O$ ]l$).
555K = 22,200
K = 40
_Z ll Q
= 5K + 9K + 4K = 18K
= 18 40 = 720
ll Q = 720
4. JMS B $Z EVS$ Q]l$ 4 : 3MS lWY_ i]l$ 6 : 7MS _l W]l lWYl]
i Gl?
. EVS$ Q]l$ 4K ]l$_ 3KMS lWY_, i]l$ 6L ]l$_ 7LMS ^$
A]l$M.
Ayl$ B$Z Al$ EVS$ i ll (llr) = 4K 6L = 24KL
i ll (l$l) = 3K 7L
= 21KL
M>st i ll 24KL ]l$_ 21KLMS lWY.
lWYl] i
= 24KL : 21KL
= 24 : 21 = 8 : 7
lWYl] i = 8 : 7
5. JMS ]lMS ]l$$ l]l Cl$ MS$]l*$ ]l$$ lMS ]lyl$ r$. Al l>l
Al ]l$$ MS$]l*$ ]l$$ lMS st]l#l$. Al B ]lMS {$l
]l$$ Gl? (Civils Prelims 2002)
.Cl$ MS$]l*$ ]l$$ ll x H$ A]l$Ms l{yl ]l$$ 3x H$ A]l#l$.
Al l>l MS$]l*$ ]l$$ ll = x + 5 + 5 H$ = x + 10 H$
Al l>l l{yl ]l$$ =
3x + 5 H$
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M> l ]l$_
3x + 5 = 2(x + 10)
3x + 5 = 2x + 20 x = 15
]lMS { $l ]l$$ = 3x = 3 15 = 45
]lMS {$l ]l$$ = 45 H$
.lls Q =
91 lls l
ll
91 5
91 5
= =
(5 + 8)
13
= 35
y Q = 91 & 35 = 56
B yl$ Q$ = 35, 56
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&A]l$l
JMS
x
y
A]l$l
yl$ l$ ]l$l ]l*]l A]l$l A As$.
E:
a : b = c : d Al a, b, c, d$ A]l$lZ E$ As$.
a:b=c:d
a c ad = bc
=
b
Al]l = ]l$l]l .
E:
36 VSrMS$, 2 kMS$ VS Gl?
]l*]l:
2 k$ = 2 24 VSr$
= 48 VSr$
M>]l = 36 : 48
= 3 : 4 ( ]l$ 12 W)
]l*]l 3 :4
Z yl$ ]l$ JMSQ ($ M>MS$y Cl Q) VS$_ W_
B $]l ]l*l$.
x : y = Px : Py, (P 0)
x: y =
x y
: ,( P 0)
P P
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E:
2 : 3 = 4 2 :4 3 = 8 : 12,
36 48
36 48
:
= 3: 4
12 12
1 1
: = b:a
a b
m n
: = mb : na
a b
: b : c = l : m : n Al
a = kl, b = km, c = kn (k HOl]l JMS ^l >) A A]l$M]l^l$a.
a
E:
x : y = 3 : 4 Al (4x + 5y) : (5x 2y) $]l Gl?
]l*]l:
x : y = 3 : 4 M>st
x = 3k,
y = 4k A]l$M]l^l$a.
(4x + 5y) : (5x 2y)
=
4x + 5 y
5x 2 y
4 3k + 5 4 k
5 3k 2 4 k
32 k 32
=
= 32 : 7
7k
7
]l*]l 32 :7
VS]l$MS: O {Z l$V> xMS l$$ 3, yMS l$$ 4]l$ {S_ MS*y ]l*]l ]l$.
E:
A : B : C = 2 : 3 : 4 Al
A B C
: :
B C A
$]l Gl?
(G.G..&2002)
]l*]l:
A B C 2 3 4
: : = : :
B C A 3 4 2
2
3
4
12 : 12 : 12
3
4
2
= 8 : 9 : 24
]l*]l 8 : 9 : 24
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E:
A : B = 2 : 3, B : C = 4 : 5, C : D = 6 : 7 Al A : B : C : D $]l Gl?
(G.G..&2002)
]l*]l:
D l*yl ]l$]l$ ^lyMS tMSs l$lyl ^l*.
I
A:B=2
B:C=4
C : D =6
II
: 3
: 5
: 7
W)
= 16 : 24 : 30 : 35
]l*]l -16 : 24 : 30 : 35
Ml l C_a]l Z h ^lyl:
E:
672]l$ 5 : 3 Z h^lyl.
]l*]l:
lls VS =
ll lls l
ll
=
672 5 672 5
=
5+3
8
= 84 5 = 420
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lls VS = 420
y VS = 672 420 = 252
]l*]l & 420, 252
VS]l$MS:
y VS =
ll y l
ll
AVS ]lyl$, $VS$ V>MS$ MS*y *{]l$ >$M]l^l$a.
E:
*. 1300]l$ P, Q, R, S$ ^l$MS$ $.
=
P s Q s
=
Q s R s
R s 2
=
S s 3
Al P s Gl?
(G.I.. 2003)
]l*]l:
P : Q = 2 : 3, Q : R = 2 : 3
R:S=2:3
P:Q:R:S
= 2 2 2 : 2 2 3 : 2 3 3 : 3 3 3
=
8P: 12 : 18 : 27
s =
1300 8
(8 + 12 + 18 + 27)
1300 8
= 160
65
P s = *. 160
VS]l$MS:
JMS l 'R' s MS]l$MPs 'R' s
=
1300 18
= * .360
(8 + 12 + 18 + 27)
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$ ]lylz&^l{MS ]lylz
$]lylz
P & A$
R & ]lylzr$ (MS)
T & M> (Z) Al
$]lylz
P T R
100
ll (A)
=P+
P T R
100
T +R
= P 1 +
100
E$
1. *. 10,000 $l 6% ]lylzr$ ^]l 3 ]ll>MS$ ll Gl A]l#l$?
G) *. 12,000 ) *. 11,000
) *. 11,8000yl) *. 1,800
]l*]l:
lZ P = 10,000, R = 6, T = 3
ll = P + P T R
100
10,000 3 6
100
= 10,000 + 1,800
= 10,000 +
= 11,800
810 =
P=
P 69
100
810 100
= 1500
69
G) 3 $
) 9 $
]l*]l:
) 6 $
yl) 12 $
500 5 T 380 5 T
=
+ 36
100
100
4. JMS ]lMS Ml yl$]l$ $]lylzMS AV> C^ayl$. 8 ]ll>MS$ AlMS st# yl$
>s ]lylz >l Gl Ey?
G) 16% ) 4% ) 24% yl) 12.5%
]l*]l: yl
8 ]ll> l>l yl$ st# M>s $]lylz A$MS$ ]l*]l M>.
$]lylz P 8 R
=P=
100
R=
100
= 12.5
8
^l{MS]lylz
1. ^l{MS]lylz As { ~l M>MS JMS ]lylz A $Z MS$$. As ]lylz $l MS*y ]lylz
^l ^ Er$.
ll (A) = P 1 + R
T
100
CMSPyl
P & A$, R & ]lylzr$
T & M> (Z)
]lylz { ]ll>MS JMS A$Z MS$$.
2. P & A$, R & ]lylzr$ (MS), T & M> (Z) Eyl, ]lylz { n ]ll>MS$
JMS A$Z MS
ll (A) = P 1 + R
100
T
n
E$
1. >]l *. 5,000]l$ 2.5% ]lylzr$ A ^l>yl$. ]lylz ]ll>MS JMS A$Z
MS$$. Al 3 ]ll> l>l ]l$ ^l^]l lll$l?
G) 5375
) 5375.45
) 5384.45 yl) 5384
]l*]l:
^l{MS]lylz *{l A = P 1 + R
T
2.5
A = 5000 1 +
100
100
= 5000 (1.025)3
= 5384.45
= *. 5384.45
2. O ]l$Z ]lylz 6 lMS$ JMS A$Z MS, 3 ]ll> l>l >]l ^l^]l
lll$l?
G) 5375
) 5384.45
) 5700
yl) 5798.467
]l*]l: yl
n = 6 l$ 1
=
2
ll (A) = P 1 + R
2.5
= 5000 1 +
100
100
T
n
23
= 5798.467
100
27783 = 24000 1 +
100
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27783
= (1 + 0.05)T = (1.05) T
24000
1.157625 = (1.05) T
T =3
R 1
R
= P 1 + 1 1 + 2
100
100
T2
E$
1. *. 4000 $l lls 3 ]ll>$ ^l{MS]lylz 10%, l>l 2 ]ll>MS$ 20% ^]l 5
]ll> _]lMS ]lylz Gl A]l#l$?
G) 7667 ) 2800 ) 3667 yl) 6800
]l*]l:
lZ
P = 4000,
R1 = 10,
T1 = 3,
R2 = 20,
T2 = 2
ll (A)
T
R 1
R
= P 1 + 1 1 + 2
100
100
10
= 4000 1 +
100
T2
20
1 +
100
]lylz = ll & A$
=AP
= 7666.56 4000
= 3666.56
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&]lt$
]l$]l#]l$ M]lyl, A]l$yl, D {{MS$Z ]l^la ]lt$ llO]l A> ]l$_
{$ lV> ]l.
1. = A$]l l & M]l l
2. ]l t = M]l l & A$]l l
3. >l = 100
M]l l
4. ]lt >l= ]lt 100
M]l l
E$
1. JMS JMS ]l$]l#]l$ A$l AlMS *. 50 ]l_a. Al >l
B ]l$]l# M]ll Gl?
G) *. 850 ) *. 800
) *. 700 yl) *. 600
]l*]l:
>l= 100
M]ll
1 25
6 =
4 4
= 50 100
M]ll
4
= 50 100
= 800
25
M]ll
2. A$]l lMS$ M]llMS$ 3 : 2 Al >l Gl?
2
1
G) 33 3 % ) 66 3 %
yl) 75%
) 50%
]l*]l:
A$]l lMS$, M]llMS$ 3 : 2
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
1
6 %
4
Al
x
100 = 50
2x
]lQOl$]l *{$
1. A$]l l
=M]ll (100 + >l)
100
2. A$]l l
=M]ll (100 & ]lt>l)
100
3. M]ll =A$]l l 100
(100 + >l)
4. M]ll =A$]l l 100
(100 & ]lt>l)
E$
1. JMS ]l$]l# M]ll *. 720. B ]l$-]l#-]l$ Gl-MS$ A$-l
G) *. 640 ) *. 648
) *. 620 yl) *. 600
]l*]l: G
]lt =
1
11 %
9
]lt ]l$?
1
100
= 11 % =
%
9
9
A$]l l
100
720 100
100
A$]l l =
= 640
2. JMS ]l$]l#]l$ *. 450MS A$l 25% ]lt ]l$. Al 50% >s B ]l$]l#]l$
GlMS$ A]l*?
G) *. 675 ) *. 900
) *. 800 yl) *. 600
]l*]l:
A$]l l = *. 450, ]l t = 25%
Al M]ll= A$]l l 100
(100 & ]lt>l)
=
450 100
= 600
100 25
= 900
3. JMS yl$ ]l$]l#]l$ JMPMSPs *. 480MS A$l llsO 20% , y
O 20% ]lt ]l_a. Al ll $l AlMS ]l*? ]lt]l*? Gl >l?
G) , ]lt yl* M>l$
) 4% ) 14% ]l t
yl) 4% ]l t
]l*]l: yl
*{l: yl$ ]l$]l#]l$ JMS lMS$ A$l, JMSO x% , ]l$MS ]l$]l#O x% ]lt
]l ll$l
x x
%
100
]lt ]l$.
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
20 20
% = 4%
100
]l t
M>st ll$l AlMS 4% ]lt ]l$.
4. yl$ VSyl*>]l$ JMS lMS$ A$l, JMS $l 15% , ]l$MS $l 15% ]lt
xx
%
100
]l t
15 15
=
% = 2.25%
100
5. 15 ]l$]l# M]ll, 12 ]l$]l# A$]l l ]l*]l Al >l/]lt>l Gl?
G) 20% ) 20% ]l t
) 25% yl) 25% ]l t
]l*]l:
JMS ]l $l] # M]ll = x A]l$MS$s, Ayl$ l ]l$_
15 x = 12 A$]l l
A$]l l
15 x 5 x
=
12
4
5x
x
x=
4
4
x
= 4 100 = 25
x
>l
6. JMS *MS 30 ]l$M>$$ Myl$. AlMS 20% >s *MS
G ]l$M>$$ A]l*?
G) 24 ) 36 ) 20yl) 25
]l*]l: yl
30 ]l$M>$ M]ll = *. 1
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
= 20%
30 ]l$M>$ A$]l l =
=
1 (100 + 20)
100
= *. 1.20
As *. 1.20MS 30 ]l$M>$$ A]l*.
*. 1MS A]l$]l]l ]l$M>$$
=
30
= 25
1.20
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
Ol>$-&1
Ol>
JMS t {l ~l$ Ol>. Ol> MS {]l* ^ll# r$ P
r$. As ^ll# .$., ^ll# $r$ llO]l (square cm, square meter,
cm2, meter2 A MS*y >$) Ol> {]l*MS$ _ MS A>$
VS$$^l$M.
1 ^ll# $r$ = 10,000 ^ll# .$.
1 H = 100 ^ll # $r$
1 M>t$ = 10,000 ^ll# $r$
1 M>t$ = 2.47 GMS>$ ($]l*$V>)
1 GMS> = 4,046.85 ^ll# $r$
1 GMS> = 4,840 ^ll # VSg$
1 ^ll # O l $$ = 640 GMS>$
1 O l $$ = 1.6 MSZ $r$
1 sMS Ol$$ = 1.852 MSZ$r$
1 AVS$ = 2.54 .$.
1 Ayl$VS$ = 12 AVS$$ = 30.48 .$.
1 VSf = 3 Ayl$VS$$
^ll${
1. O l > = yl]l# lyl$
^l$r$tMl = 2 (yl]l# + lyl$)
(MS~)2 = (yl]l#)2 + (lyl$)2
2. JMS ^ll${ yl]l#Z x% ]l*$, lyl$Z y% ]l*$ ]l Ol>Z ]l^la
]l*$ >l
= x+ y+
x y
100
100 x
100 + x
100 x
100 x
E$
1. JMS ^ll${ ^l$r$tMl 28 .$., MS~ 10 .$. Al Ol> Gl?
]l*]l:
2 (yl]l# + lyl$) = 28
yl]l# + lyl$ = 14
C$Ol# ]lY ^l
yl]l#2 + lyl$2 + 2 yl]l# lyl$ = 196
M> MS~2 = yl]l#2 + lyl$2 = 102 = 100
100 + 2 yl]l# lyl$ = 196
yl]l# lyl$ = 48
M>st Ol> = 48 ^ll# .$.
2. JMS ^ll${ yl]l#, lyl$$ 3:2 Z E. ^l$r$tMl 600 $r$.
Al Ol> M>t$Z Gl?
]l*]l:
yl]l# = 3k $r$, lyl$ = 2k $r$ A]l$Ms,
^l$r$tMl = 2 (3k + 2k) = 600
10 k = 600
k = 60
yl]l# = 3 60 = 180 $r$,
lyl$ = 2 60 = 120 $r$.
O l > = 180 120 = 21,600 ^ll# $r$.
= 2.16 M>t$
3. ^ll${ yl]l#]l$ 50% _, lyl$]l$ 50% lWY Ol>Z ]l^la ]l*$ >l
Gl?
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
]l*]l:
Ol>Z ]l*$ >l =
x y
100
x+ y+
l {M>
x = + 50, y = 50
Ol>Z ]l*$ >l =
50 50
50 50
100
= 25
x y
100
=54
5 4
100
= + 0.8
Ol>Z r$ >l = + 0.8% As Ol> 0.8% >l GMS$P]lV>
]ll*l]l#l$.
5. JMS ^ll${ ^l$r$tMl 60 $r$, Ol> 200 ^ll# $r$ Al yl]l#,
lyl$ ]l$l l?
]l*]l:
2 (yl]l# + lyl$) = 60
yl]l# + lyl$ = 30 (1)
a b =
30 2 4 200 = 10 (2)
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Ol>$&2
^ll${
1. O l > = $f $f = ($f)2
^l$r$tMl = 4 $f
2. MS~ =
2 $f
x2
2x +
100
E$
1. yl$ ^ll${ ^l$r$tMl$ 40 .$., 32 .$. D yl$ ^ll${ Ol>
MS ]l*]lOl$]l Ol> VS ^ll${ ^lr$tMl Gl?
]l*]l:
yl$ ^ll${ $g]l$ b1, b2 A]l$MS$s Ayl$
4b1 = 40
4b2 = 32
b1 = 10, b2 = 8
s O l > l = 102 82
= 36 P .$.
36 P .$. Ol> VS ^ll${ $f = 36 = 6 .$.
^l$r$tMl = 4 6
= 24 .$.
2. yl$ ^ll${ MS>~$ 2 : 5 Z E. Al s Ol> , ^l$r$tMl
MS]l$V]lyl.
]l*]l:
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d12
2
A2 =
d 22
2
A1 : A 2 = d 12 : d 22 = 2 2 : 5 2
= 4 : 25
s O l > = 4 : 25
AllV>
p1 = 2 2d 1, p 2 = 2 2d 2
p1 : p2 = d1 : d2
=2:5
s ^l$r$tMl = 2 : 5
3. JMS ^ll${ $g 25% lWY ^l$r$tMlZ, Ol>Z ]l^la ]l*$ >l Gl?
]l*]l:
CMSPyl x = 25
^l$r$tMlZ ]l^la ]l*$ >l =
25
2x +
x2
100
(25 )2
100
= 43.75
yl Ol>
=
544 374
34 34
= 176
M>]l MSt yl
Q = 176
7m
7m
7m
7m
7m
7m
7m
O r ]l$_ VS yl]l# = 7 + 7
= 14 $.
lyl$ = 7 $.
O l > = 14 7
= 98 ^ll# $r$
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Ol>$&3
]ll Ol>
JMS ]ll = r, = d A]l$MS$s
i) d = 2r
d 2
4
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
p2
A=
4
l 2
]ll O l > = 4
2
1 l
4
E$
1. JMS A ]ll Ol> 77 ^ll# .$. Al Gl?
]l*]l:
]ll = d .$. A]l$MS$s
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
]ll O l > =
d 2
4
d 2
=
= 77
8
A ]ll Ol>
d 2 = 77 8
7
22
d = 14 .$.
]ll = 14 .$.
66 1000
60
$r$
22
70
7
1100
= 500
2.2
>l
( 50) 2
= 75%
100
]l*]l:
]ll = r, ^ll${ $f = l A]l$MS$s 2r = 4l
l=
r
2
s O l > = r2 : l2
2
2 2
r
2 r
= r : = r :
4
2
2
]l*]l : 4 :
^ll${ $f = 2x A]l$MS$s
Al]ll = OA = x
]ll = ^ll${ MS~Z VS
Al, ]l Ol>
2 2x
= 2x
2
= x 2 : ( 2 x) 2
= x2 : 2x2
=1:2
]l*]l : 1 : 2
AllV> s ^l$r$tMl = 1: 2
6. JMS ]llZ ]l$$ {$f Al_]lyl$ B ]ll 'r' Al ]l$$
{$f Ol> Gl?
]l*]l:
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
]ll MS{l O, ABC JMS ]l$$ {$f. AD, BC OMS X]l E]l ]ll
r A]l$MS$s...
OA = r
OD =
OA r
=
2
2
r 3r
=
2 2
h2
=
3
]l$$ {$f Ol>
2
3r
3 3 r2
2
=
=
4
3
]l*]l :
3 3 r2
=
4
3 3 2
r
4
d 2
=
4
B ]ll O l >
=
22 14 14
= 154
7
4
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hMS yl*{VSl$&1
t&1
JMS ]lMSZ PMS MS, lVSV> ~*$ $MS$l MS
^lyMS D {$ GlV> ylyl$$.
{VS*&2, {VS*&1 {l$, ll M>ssl SZ hMS yl*{VSl$O
l^l$V> {$ ]l$$$.
V> D AZ ]lyl$ MS$r$$ C$. A HOl$ M>]l^l$a. EMS$
#$$$, ]l$$, EVS$$, yMSt$, S>$$, fl$]l#$, #$$, H]l$VS$$,
fQ$, Q$ l$$lO]l.
C C_a]l ]lyl$ MS$r$ ]l$l l H lV> E ]l$]l MS]l$MP. CMSPyl
JMP MS$r$ JMS ]ll > *_. JMS MS$r$ ]l$ MS$r$Z VSOl$]lyl$
JMS ]l ]l$ ]ll Z *_.
1. EMS$ H]l$VS$$, fl$]l#$ A yl$ MS$r$$ C_a]lyl$; H]l$VS$$ JMS
MS$r$; fl$]l#$ ]l$ MS$r$. M> CMSPyl H]l$VS$$ Al MS$r$, fl$]l#$ Al
MS$r$Z VS M>st MS _]l hMS yl*{VSl$]l$ D lV>
*_^l]l^l$a.
fl$]l#$
H]l$VS$$
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
2. H]l$VS$$, $
H]l$VS$$, $ yl$ l$ MS$r$$. JMS MS JMSs MS]l]l#. M>st MS
lV> *_^l]l^l$a.
H]l$VS$$
3. ]l$$, EVS$$
]l$$ JMS MS$r$, EVS$$ ]l$ MS$r$. ]l$l* EVS$$ M>$. Al
lV> EVS$l* ]l$$ M>$. M> ]l$Z Ml]l$ EVS$$$,
EVS$Z Ml]l$ ]l$$$. M>st MS _{l > *_^l]l^l$a.
Cs
MS$r$$ C$.
]ll
M E$
*^l]l$ : MSl Il$ hMS _{$ E. s MSl C_a]l $ MS$r$
]l$l H l E MS]l$MP MS O]l _{ VS$^lyl. (]ll ]l*, B $
MS$r$ ]l* *_^ll$.)
(G)
()
(yl)
()
(C)
1)fl$]l#$, MS$MSP$, $$
MS$MSP$, $$ yl* fl$]l#Z VSl$. M> D yl$ l$ gl$$.
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
fl$]l#
MS$MSP$
$$
MS$MSP$
$$
l$fl$]l#$
{MSMSs
BrV>$
$$
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
>fMS$
$MS$$
_]l$
{l]l>$
$
M>st ]l*]l ()
E$ l{yl$$
S>$$
9)^l{MS $, M>$, O$
]lyl* MS*y JMSMMSs l . M>st ]l*]l (yl)
M>$
^l{MS
$
O$
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
E :
(1) Ol>l,
(2) Br$, MS
E :
1) ]l$$, AS>$$
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
2) l$$, #$$$
E : 1) MS*V>$$, BMS$MS*$
2) l]l]ll$$, l$
3) ]l$$, #$$$
M E$
*^l]l$: MSl Il$ hMS _{$ E. s MSl C_a]l $ MS$r$ ]l$l
H l E MS]l$MP MS O]l _{ VS$^lyl. (]ll ]l*, B $
MS$r$ ]l* *_^ll$.)
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
(G)
()
()
(yl)
(C)
BrV>$
ll
B{l{l
Ol>l
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
#$$$
yMSt$
l{yl$$
4)g$ VS$, lMS$$, lV>$
g$ VSl* lV>. AVS l MS$l* lV>. g$ VSZ Ml ]l$
lMS$$s$. lMS$Z Ml ]l$ g$ VS$s$.
M>st ]l*]l ()
lV>$
g$ VS$
lMS$$
6)]lMS$$, l$$, E$
l$$ Al* ]lMS$Z VSl$. AVS E$ Al* MS*y ]lMS$Z VSl$.
l$Z Ml ]l$ E$s$. AVS E Z Ml ]l$
l$$s$.
M>st ]l*]l ()
]lMS$$
l$$
E$
7)]lVS, M>, C$
]lVS Z M> Er$. M> Z C$ Er$.
M>st ]l*]l (G)
]lVS
M>
C$
fl$]l#$
l$ fl$]l#$
MS$MSP$
l$MS$
]l$$
EVS$$
Oll$$
#$$$
ll Oll$$
MS$MSP$s.
M>st ]l*]l (C)
MS$MSP$
#yl$
fl$]l#$
#yl$ MS$MSP$
{VS$
$$
^l {MSyM>$$
]l Q$
N~ Q$
f Q$
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
S>$$
E$
rt{l$$
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
(G)
()
()
(yl)
]l*]l (G)
H]l$VS$$, ]lMSP$ JMSMS JMSs l . M> D yl* MS*y fl$]l#Z VSl$.
2. MS hMS yl*{VSl$Z H M>s, B, MS*V>$]l$ *_$?
(G)
()
()
(yl)
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
]l*]l (G)
M>s MS*V>$Z VS. MS* V>$ BZ VS.
3. MSl C_a]l ll yl*{VSl$Z H MS_alV> ${ MS$$, g$ VS$,
MSl$]l$ *_$?
(G)
()
()
(yl)
]l*]l (yl)
g$ VSZ Ml]l$ MSl$ Es$. AllV> MSl$Z Ml ]l$
g$ VS$ Es$. D yl$ MS$r$$ MS*y ${ MS$Z VSl$.
4. ]l#>$, S$$, MS$MSP]l$ MSl C_a]l H _{l V> *_$?
(G)
(G)
()
()
(yl)
()
]l*]l (G)
()
(G)
()
(yl)
]l*]l ()
$l$yl$, AV>MS$yl$ JMSMMSs l . M> D yl* MS*y {VSZ VSl$.
6. {$f, ^ll$$f, ^ll${]l$ MS sZ H _{l *_$?
(G)
()
()
(yl)
]l*]l ()
^ll${ ^ll$$fZ V>$. M> {$f sMS l .
7. yMSt$, ]l$$, ]l*]l]l#]l$ MS H _{l *_$?
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
()
(G)
()
(yl)
]l*]l (G)
yMSt$, ]l$$ l$ MS$r$ $. M> $]l#$ ]l*]l]l#Z VS.
8. i]l>, fl$>, ]lS>]l$ MS H hMS yl*{VSl$ *_$?
(G)
()
()
(yl)
]l*]l ()
fl$>, ]lS> yl$ JMSMMSs H]l*{l l . M> D yl* MS*y
i]l>Z VS.
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
()
(G)
(yl)
()
9. MS$, BrV>$, V>$MS$$
MS$
BrV>$
V>$MS$$
]l*]l ()
MSZ Ml]l$ BrV>$, Ml ]l$ V>$MS$$ Es$. BrV>Z Ml]l$
MS$, Ml]l$ V>$ MS$$ Es$. AVS V>$MS$Z Ml ]l$ MS$,
Ml]l$ BrV>$ Es$.
10. >, l, ]lVS
l
>
]lVS
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]l*]l (G)
]lVS > Z Er$. > l Z Er$.
11. >W, M>Wl, l$l Ol$
M>Wl
>W
l$l Ol$
]l*]l (yl)
M l$l Ol$ >W ^l$. M>Wl Al >WMS V>, l$l OlMS$ V> l
A.
12. Eyl$, rt{l$yl$, BrV>yl$
Eyl$
rt{l$yl$
BrV>yl$
]l*]l ()
EZ Ml]l$ rt{l$$ s$. Ml]l$ BrV>$ Es$. rt {l$Z
Ml]l$ E $s$.
13. ]l$$, E$, yMSt$
Eyl
]l$$
yMSt$
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]l*]l (yl)
EZ Ml]l$, yMStZ Ml]l$ ]l$$. M> E yl$, yMSt$
Al yl* JMSMMSs H]l*{l l .
()
()
(yl)
14. , t]l, i
i
t]l
]l*]l (G)
t]lZ VS. M> i MS l A.
15. MS*V>$$, ]lM>$$, M>]l
MS*V>$$
]lM>$$
M>]l
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]l*]l (yl)
]lM>$$, M>]l yl* MS*y MS*V>$Z VS. M> D yl* JMSMMSs
l .
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M E]l$
I. MS _{lZ ]ll ]l$]l$, {$f rt{l$ (Graduates)]l$, ^ll${
]l$$
rt{l$$
a
f
c
b
d
EVS$$
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AS>$$
b
i
c
g
f$t$
e
j
]l$$
yMSt$
5
BrV>$
9. "1' l *_$?
]l*]l:
"1' ]llZ l$ M>st ^ll$ M>$.
"1' {$fZ l$ M>st yMSt$ M>$.
"1' ^ll${Z E M>st BrV>$ A Es$.
"1' Al ^ll$ M>, yMSt$ M> BrV>]l$ *_$.
10. 4 l *_$?
]l*]l:
4 ]llZ l$ M>st ^ll$ M>$.
4 {$fZ, ^ll${Z E. As yMSt$, BrV>]l$ *_$.
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11. 2 l *_$?
]l*]l:
2 {$fZ l$ M>st yMSt$ M>$.
2 ]llZ, ^ll${Z E. As ^ll]l$, BrV>]l$ *_$.
2 Al yMSt$ M> ^llO]l BrV>]l$ *_$.
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rt$$
I
II
VI
III
IV
VII
^ll$]l#MS$]l$
SMS$$
MS$
(Coaches)
BrV>$
6
3
EVS$$
yMSt$
8
]ll
^ll$]l#MS$]l$
5
4
6
7
EVS$$
>fMS$
$MS$$
L
l$r
$
E
H
D
C F
G
B
A
rt{l$$
V> Ey.
l {$fZ MS$y _]l {$fZ V>, ]llZ V> E]l AS>$ A, E.
>fMS$ $MS$$ M>MS$y, E $, rt{l$Z H JMSs A]l A,
E *_$.
BVS]ll$$
#$$$
1
2
3 5
]ll$$
EVS$$
b
>l EVS$$
l*
lVS
III. {]l*$
V> l*> $r$ MSZ$rZ *_.
M> MS]lZ, $Z VSrZ *_.
lV> V> $r$/MS]l$ MSZ$r$/VSrZ *_.
M> =
18
$r$/MS]l$Z C_a]l lV>
5
VS$_, MSZ$r$ / VSrZMS ]l*a]l^l$a.
18
AVS MSZ$r$/VSrZ
$r$/MS]l$ZMS ]l*a]l^l$a.
IV S lVS: yl$ $ V1, V2 lV> {*$$ A]l$ MS$.
A yl$ JMSZ {*$s s]l$l S lVS = V1 V2
A yl$ ]lMS Z {*$s s]l$l SlVS = V1 + V2
V. yl$ ]l$ll* = S lVS M>
E$
1.JMS M>$ 600 MS.$. l*> 8 VSrZ {*$. lV> 25 MS.$./VSr
_l 800 MS.$. l*> Gl ]l$$Z ^l$-MS$r$?
G) 7 VSr$ ) 8 VSr$
) 9 VSr$ yl) 10 VSr$
]l*]l:
lls M>$ lVS = 600
8
= 75 MS.$./VSr
lV> 25 MS.$./VSr _l = 75 + 25
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= 100 MS.$./VSr
st ]l$$ = 800 = 8 VSr$
100
D lVS 800 MS.$. {*^lyMS
2.JMS EW 3 MS.$./VSr lVS ]lyl B$MS$ 20 $$ BV> lyl$. lV>
2 MS.$./VSr _l B$MS$ 20 $ $ ]ll$V> lyl$. A l Al Cs ]l$_
B $MS ]l$l l*l$l?
G) 2 MS.$. ) 3 MS.$.
) 4 MS.$. yl) 5 MS.$.
]l*]l: yl
CsMS, B$MS ]l$l l* = x A]l$Ms, l ]l$_
x x 40
=
3 5 60
2x 2
=
15 3
x=5
A]lM> Eyl.
5. 100 $r yl]l# VS JMS O$ 72 MS.$./VSr lVS {*$. 200 $r yl]l#
VS ]l$MS O$ 63 MS.$./VSr lVS Al Z l$. Al lls O$MS$ y
O$]l$ ryMS Gl ]l$$ yl$l$?
G) 60 MS]l$ ) 90 MS]l$
) 120 MS]l$ yl) 150 MS]l$
]l*]l:
y O$]l$ ss lls O$ {*^]l l* = lls O$ yl]l# +
yl]l O$ yl]l#
= 100 + 200 = 300 $r$
yl$ O S lVS = 72 & 63
= 9 MS.$./VSr
9 MS.$./VSr = 9 5 = 5 $/
18
M>
300
2
= 300 = 120
5
5
2
l*
S lVS
=
MS]l$
VSr$ lVS
JMS ]lMS JMS ]l l lZ l $ lV> {*_]lyl$ ll M>
MS _]l VSr$ lV> MS]l$MP]l^l$a.
VSr$ lVS =
l lZ {*_]l ll l*
ll {* M>
=ll l*
ll M>
E$
1.JMS M>$ lls 30 $$ 40 MS.$./VSr lVS, l> 45 $$ 60
MS.$./VSr lVS {* ^l B M>$ VSr$ lVS Gl?
G) 50 MS.$./VSr ) 52 MS.$./VSr
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45 $$
ll M>
VSr
45 3
=
60 4
1 3 5
+ =
2 4 4
l>l 45 $Z {*_]l l*
MS.$.
3
= 60 = 45
4
ll l* = 20 + 45 = 65 MS.$.
ll l*
VSr$ lVS=
llMSM>
.$./VSr
=
65
4
= 65 = 52
5
5
4
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M> l*&2
O$ & M ]l$$
{VS* & 1 {l$, {VS*&2, gG&ylHK, Cl s SZ M>&l* &lVS A MSl
OMS$ _]l {$ {]l. M>&l*>MS _]l M ]lQOl$]l
*{]l$ ^l*.
l* = M> lVS,
M> = l*/lVS,
lVS = l*/M>
{]l*$: lV>MS yl$ M> {]l*$.
1. MSZ$r$/VSr 2. $r$/MS]l$
$r$/MS]l$ {]l*Z E]l lV> MSZ$r$/VSrZMS ]l*>as 18/5 VS$^.
MSZ$r$/VSr {]l*Z E]l lV> 5/18 VS$_ $r$/ MS]lZMS ]l*a]l^l$a.
SlVS: yl$ lV> ]l$l Eyl MS]l$ B yl$ ]l$l S lVS
As$. yl$ $ JMS Z {* $s s lV> ll$ SlVS. yl$
$ ]lMS Z {*$s s lV> lll$ SlVS A]l#l$. Cyl$
O$ B* M> ]l$/]l$]l#]l$ ryMS _]l A>]l$ ^la.
1. ]l$]l# Gs ^l]l MS$y aV> Eyl, yl]l# VS^llW M>]lyl$ B
]l$]l#]l$ ryMS O$MS$ st ]l$$
= O$ yl]l#/O$ lVS
E: O$ JMS ryl BW E]l ]l$ ryl.
2. ]l$]l# aV> Eyl, yl]l# VS^llW A]lyl$ & B ]l$]l#]l$ ryMS
O$MS$ st ]l$$
= O$ yl]l#+]l$]l# yl]l#/O$ lVS
E: {ylj, s, BW E]l O$]l$ ryl.
3. ]l$]l# ^l]lZ Eyl, yl]l# VS ^llW M>]lyl$ ]l$]l#]l$ ryMS O$MS$
st ]l$$
= O$ yl]l#/(O$ lVS--&-]l$]l# lVS)
JMSl B ]l$]l#, O$ ]lMS Z {* ^l$s, ]l$]l#]l$ ryMS O$MS$ st
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]l$$
= O$ yl]l#/(O$lVS+]l$]l# lVS)
4. ]l$]l# ^l]lZ Eyl, yl]l# VS ^llW A]lyl$, B ]l$]l#]l$ ryMS
O$MS$ st ]l$$
= (O$ yl]l#+]l$]l# yl]l#)/(O$lVS & ]l$]l# lVS) JMSl ]l$]l#, O$ ]lMS Z
{*$s B ]l$]l#]l$ ryMS O$MS$ st ]l$$
= (O$ yl]l#+]l$]l# yl]l#) / (O$lVS + ]l$]l# lVS) E: ^l]lZ E]l JMS O$,
^l]lZ E]l ]l$ O$]l$ ryl.
E: JMS O$, tlZ s 36 MS]lZ, s $l $a]l ]lMS 20 MS]lZ
s. O$ lVS 54 MS.$/VSr Al s yl]l# Gl? (HiD, 1982)
f$: lZ ]l$$ MS]lZ E M>st, O$ lV> $r$/MS]lZMS ]l*>a.
O $lVS = 54 5/18 = 15 $/ O $yl]l#]l$ L1, s yl]l#]l$ L2 A A]l$MS$s..
Cyl$ ]lMS ryMS O $MS$ st ]l$$ = 20 = L1/15
L1= 20 1- 5 = 300 $r$.
s ryMS O$MS$ st ]l$$
= 36 = L1+L2/15
300 + L2= 36 1- 5 = 540
L2= 540&300 = 240 $
s yl]l# = 240 $r$.
E: JMS O$ Cfl 210 $, 122$ yl]l# E]l yl$ rl]l$ ]l$V> 25 Z
r$l$. Al B O$ Cfl yl]l#, lV>]l$ MS]l$MPyl? (Gl$G, 1998)
f$: O$ yl]l#]l$ L $, lV> V $/, A A]l$MS$s... Ayl$ 210 $ yl]l#
E]l rl]l$ ryMS st ]l$$
= 25 = L+ 210/V 25 V= L+ 210
L= 25 V&- 210
AVS 122 $ yl]l# E]l rl]l$ ry MS st ]l$$ = 17 = L+122/V
L= 17 V& 122
& ]l$_ 25 V& 210 = 17V &- 122
25 V& 17 V = 210 & 122
8 V= 88 V = 11 $/
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V 16
1 =
9
V2
V1
16
=
V2
9
V1/V2 = 4:3
lV> = 4:3
]l*]l b
VS]l$MS: A ]l$_ BMS, B]l$_ AMS yl$ O$ JMS $$l>$]l$MS$. A yl$
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x
3/ 2
x+
2x
3
x
5x / 3
t1 t 2
t1 + t 2
VSr$
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M>&l*&3
VSr$ lVS & VSr$ Ol$i
"VSr$ lVS' Al A A s SMS* A]lOl$l.
{VS*&I l$l, l$l ]ls SMS$ MS*y
VSr$ lVS, VSr$ Ol$i Al A>$ G {]lOl$]l. D
A> ]l$_ {$ >]lyMS MS_alV> A]lM> E.
VSr$ lVS (Average Speed or Average
Velocity): A lZ MS JMS ]l VSr$ lVS = B* lZ ]l {*_]l
ll l* / B* lZ ]l {*_]l ll M>
D *{ *MSV> D lV> >$.
VSr$ lVS = ll l*/ll M>
ll l* = VSr$ lVS ll M>
M {lMS l>$:
Case (i): l lZ ]l {*_]l lVS V> Es B Ol$]l lVSl$ VSr$
lVS A]l#l$.
E: JMS M>$ lls 2 VSr$ 60 MSG^l lVS, B l>l 180 MS.$. l*> MS*y
60 MSG^l lVS {* B M>$ VSr$ lVS Gl?
]l*]l: l {M> yl$ lZ]l* M>$ lVS V> E (60 MSG^l). M>st
D Ol$]l lVSl$ VSr$ lVS A]l#l$.
M>$ VSr$ lVS = 60 MSG^l
Case (ii): l lZ {* ^l]l M>$ ]l*]lV> Es VSr$ lVS = B*
lZ lV> AMS]l$l]l$.
E: JMS ]lMS lls yl$ VSr$ M>$Z 90 MSG^l lVS, B l>l yl$ VSr$
$Z 60 MSG^l lVS, _]l yl$ VSr$ BsZZ 30 MSG^l lVS {*
ll {*Z B ]lMS VSr$ lVS Gl?
]l*]l: l$lyl&I
l {M> B ]lMS {*_]l ]lyl$ lZ]l* (M>$, $, BsZ) {* M>$
(2 VSr$) ]l*]lV> E. M>st B ]lMS VSr$ lVS = B* lZ lV>
AMS]l$l]l$.
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>lMS ]l$l]l$ =
>$ Q/>$ Z]l* ll
M>st VSr$ lVS =
2
2
=
1
1
11 + 9
+
90 110
990
= 2
990
20
= 99 MSG^l
99 MSG^l
l$lyl&II
Ol>l, f$yl ]l$l l* = x MS.$. A]l$MS$s.. yl$ lZ $ {*_]l
ll l*
= x + x = 2x MS.$. _____ (I)
"M> = l*/lVS' *{l {M> $ Ol>l ]l$_ f$yl ^lyMS st
M> = x/90 VSr$. W f$yl ]l$_ Ol>lMS$ ^lyMS st M> =
x/110 VSr$
ll {* M> = x/90 + x/110
=
11x + 9x 20x
=
990
990
2x
99
= 2x
99
2x
= 99 MSG^l
B $
VSr$ lVS = 99 MSG^l
E: JMS ]lMS l]l M>$Z 60 MSG^l VSr$ lVS 2 VSrZ l]l B$MS$ ^l$MS$yl$.
W B$ ]l$_ 40 MSG^l VSr$ lVS $Z ]l^ayl$. Al Al VSr$ lVS
Gl?
]l*]l: "{*_]l l* =
VSr$ lVS M>' *{l {M> B$MS, CsMS ]l$l l* = 60 2 = 120 MS.$.
M>st B ]lMS {*_]l ll l* =
120 + 120 = 240 MS.$. _____ (I)
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ll {* M> =
2 + 3 = 5 VSr$ _____ (II)
(I), (II) ]l$_ VSr$ lVS =
240
5
= 48 MSG^l
B ]lMS
VSr$ lVS = 48 MSG^l
s: CMSPyl yl$ lZ ]lMS {*_]l l*>$ ]l*]l M>st VSr$ lVS = B*
lZ VSr$ lV> >lMS ]l$l]l$ A]l$M MS*y ^l^l$a.
E: JMS ]lMS lls 60 MS.$. l*> 40 MSG^l lVS M>$Z, l>l 400 MS.$.
l*> 80 MSG^l lVS O$Z, l>l 1600 MS.$. l*> 400 MSG^l lVS
]l*]lZ, _]l 40 MS.$. l*> 20 MSG^l lVS yl]lZ {*^yl$. Al
ll {*Z Al VSr$ lVS Gl?
]l*]l: l ]l$_ 4 lZ B ]lMS {*_]l ll l* =
60 + 400 + 1600 + 40 =
2100 MS.$. ____ (I)
"M> = l*/lVS' *{l {M> B ]lMS 4 lZ... M>$, O$, ]l*]l, yl]lZ ^l]l
{* M>$ ]l$V> =
VSr$
60 400 1600 40
,
,
,
40 80 400 20
= 1.5, 5, 4, 2 VSr$
ll {* M> =
1.5 + 5 + 4 + 2 = 12.5 VSr$ ____ (II)
(I), (II) ]l$_ VSr$ lVS =
2100
12.5
= 168 MSG^l
M>st B ]lMS VSr$ lVS = 168 MSG^l
E: JMS OMSt l]l$ {*^]l ll l*Z 50% l*> 50 MSG^l lVS,
30% l*> 30 MSG^l lVS, $W]l l*> 15 $Z {*, Alyl VSr$
lVS Gl?
]l*]l: l MZMS$y OMSt {*^]l ll l* = 100 MS.$.
A]l$MS$s... ____(I)
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O MS
t VSr$ lVS = 44.44 MSG^l
2700
= 270
10
270 MS.$.
E:
JMS ]lMS lls 1/20 MS.$. l*> 9 MSG^l lVS 2]l, 3]l, 4]l 1/20 MS.$.
l*>]l$ ]l$V> 12, 18, 36 MSG^l lV> {*^yl$. Al ll l*> B
]lMS 18.75 MSG^l VSr$ lVS {*^yl]l 'A' l]l. 14.4 jMSG^l VSr$
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4
1 1 1
1
+ + +
9 12 18 36
4
36
= 4
= 14.4
4 + 3 + 2 +1
10
36
MS]l$MP]lyMS O]l VSMS Ml >lMS ]l$l]l$. M>st VSr$ lVS = 14.4 MSG^l
Al 'B' l]l O.
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M>&l*&4
VSr$ & Ol$i
VSl MSZ VSr$ lVS VS$_ ^la^. D MSZ VSr$
Ol$i VS$_ l$$MS$.
Ol$i:
G) Ol$i = {*_]l l* / yl]l Cl]l
V> Ol$i {]l*$ -- KMPL As MSZ$r$/r$. JMS r$ Cl]l
B ]l G MSZ$r l*> {*$ Ol$i l$#l$. Ol$iMS
MSZ$r$/V>]l$ Ol$$/V>]l$ llO]l {]l*$ MS*y yl$$.
) {*_]l l*= Ol$i yl]l Cl]l
) yl]l Cl]l={*_]l l* / Ol$i
E: JMS M>$ 20 KMPL Ol$i 500 km {*^s Gl Cl]l A]l?
]l*]l:
yl]l Cl ]l = 500/20 = 25 r$.
]l*]l = 25 r$.
VSr$ Ol$i:
VSr$Ol$i=l lZ {*_]l ll l* / l lZ yl]l ll Cl]l
D *{l *SV> D lV> MS*y >^l$a.
G)
VSr$ O l $i = ll l*/ ll Cl]l
)
ll l* = VSr$ Ol$i ll Cl]l
)
ll Cl]l = ll l*/ VSr$ Ol$i
case(i): { lZ Ol$i V> Es B Ol$]l Ol$i VSr$ Ol$i A]l#l$.
E: JMS ]l lls 500 km l*> 50 KMPL Ol$i, l>l 95 km
l*> 50 KMPL Ol$i, _]l 15 km l*> MS*y 50 KMPL Ol$i
{* B ]l VSr$ Ol$i Gl?
]l*]l:
]lyl$ lZ { lZ MS*y B ]l Ol$i V> (50 KMPL) E.
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VSr$ O l $i = 50 KMPL
case ii: l lZ yl]l Cl]l V> Es, B* lZ Ol$i AMS]l$l]l$l$
2
2
=
1
1
3+2
+
40 60 120
120
= 48 KMPL
5
l* Gl Al A{]l.
Method - II
yl]l Cl ]l =
{*_]l l*/ Ol$i
lls lZ A ]l$_ BMS {*^lyMS yl]l Cl]l = 120/40 = 3 r$.
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2
2
=
1
1
6 +5
+
20 24 120
120
= 21.81 Miles / gallon
11
]l* ^l*ylyl
A, B ]l$l l* = 'd' miles A]l$Myl.
A#yl$ ll l* = d + d = 2d miles ..........(1)
'A' ]l$_ 'B'MS {*^lyMS M>]l]l Cl]l = l*/Ol$i
= d/20 gallons
AVS 'B' ]l$_ 'A' MS {*^lyMS M>]l]l Cl]l
= d/24 gallons
ll Cl ]l
=
d
d
+
20 24
6d + 5d 11d
gallons ............(2)
=
120
120
2d
11d
120
= 2d
120 240
=
11d 11
= 21.81 Miles/gallon
60+120+50= 230 km
................(2)
(1) & (2) ]l$_ VSr$ lVS =
ll l*/ll M>
= 230/4.5
= 51.11
ll {*Z M>$ VSr$ lVS = 51.11 KMPH.
VSr$ Ol$i:
lls lZ *W_]l Cl]l
= {*_]l l*/ Ol$i
= 60/60 = 1 r$.
y lZ Cl ]l = 120/50 = 2.4 r$.
]ly lZ Cl ]l = 50/40 = 1.25 r$
= ]lyl$ lZ *W_]l ll Cl ]l = 1 + 2.4 + 1.25 = 4.65 r$ ......... (3)
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= ll l*/ ll Cl]l
= 230/4.65 = 49.46 KMPL
ll {*Z M>$ VSr$ Ol$i = 49.46 KMPL
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M>&&1
{ s SZ MS*y "M>&' Al A ]l$_ {$ lV> Ayl$VS$$.
M>&:
M>, MS _ ]lQV> 3 A>$ Es. A:
1) ^l ]l$]l$$$ ${$
2) ^l$yMS st M>: l$, k$, VSr$, $$ llO]l
3) ]l*
MS Gr$]ls {]l** ]l#. M>st V> rZ ^l^l$a.
1)JMS N JMS sV> VS $. JMS ]l$ JMS N ^l$yMS st M>
t k$. Al
Alyl$ JMSPkZ ^l
1
t r$
=
1
t
t1 t 2
T=
t1 + t 2 k$
B N ^l$yMS st M>
t2 =
t1 T
t1 T
AVS
k$
4)JMS A, B, C Al ]lVS$Y$ ]lMS$$ ]l$ V> t1, t2, t3 kZ N ^l$VSWl..
]lVS$Y $ MS B N ^l$yMS st M> (T):
T=
t1 t 2 t 3
t1 t 2 + t 2 t 3 t 3 t 1
k$
AVS
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t1 t 2 T
t1 t 2 t 2 T T t 1
t3 =
k$
E 1
JMS N ^l$yMS A, BMS$ ]l$V> 20, 30 k$ yl$l$. Cl$ MS ^l B
G kZ N]l#l$?
G) 15 ) 25 ) 12yl) 18
]l*]l
t1 = 20, t2 = 30
T=
t1 t 2
t1 + t 2
T=
20 30 600
=
= 12
20 + 30 50
Al *{]l]l$_
k$
A, B$ Cl $ MS B
12 kZ N ^l $.
]l*]l:
E 2
JMS A, B$ MS 6 kZ N ^l$VS$. Al A JMSPyl$ 10 kZ N
^l$VSyl$. Al B B JMSPyl$ N ^l$yMS st k Q?
G) 8 ) 15
) 12 yl) 16
]l*]l
T = 6, t1 = 10
t2 =
t1 T
t1 T
Al *{]l]l$_
t2 =
6 10 6
=
10 6
60
= 15
4
k$
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]l*]l:
E 3
A, B, C Al ]lVS$Y$ ]lMS$$ MS JMS 3 kZ N ^l$VS$. Al A, B$
]l$V> 15, 6 kZ N ^l$VS$. Al AlMS$ st# C JMSPyl$ G kZ
N ^l$VSyl$?
G) 20 ) 5 ) 18yl) HM>l$
]l*]l
T = 3, t1 = 15, t2 = 6
t3 =
t1 t 2 T
t1 t 2 t 2 T T t 1
Al *{]l]l$_
t3 =
15 6 3
15 6 6 3 3 15
= 10 k$
As CMS B (JMS s ) ^l$yMS st M> 10 k$.
n t1 t 2 T
t1 t 2 t 2 T T t 1
n As ^l$]l]l rZ
D {Z n = 2
JMSl VS A As
n=
1
2
A]l#l$.
E 4
JMS A, B$ MS 12 kZ, B, C$ MS 15 kZ, C, A$ MS 20 kZ
^l$VS$. Al A, B, C ]lVS$Y$ MS B G kZ N ^l$VS$?
G) 10 ) 7 ) 8 yl) 9
]l*]l
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(A + B) JMSPk
1
12
(B + C) JMSPk
1
15
(C + A) JMSPk
1
20
O ]lyls MS$V>
2(A + B + C) JMSPk
=
1
1
1 12 1
+ +
=
=
12 15 20 60 5
1
10
(A + B + C) JMSPk
A, B, C ]lVS$Y$ MS B ^l$yMS 10 k$ yl$l$.
]l*]l: G
=
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M>&&2
W1
, M1 ]lMS$$, JMPMSP$ E1 ]l$, D1 kZ ^l ; W2 , M2
]l*]l
AMS _:
W1=1, D1=12, M1=1, E1=100 A]l$M]l$]l.
BMS _:
W1=1, D2=?, M2=1, E2=150
Al *{ A]l$_
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1 100 12 1 150 + D 2
=
1
1
100 12 = 150 D2
D2 = 8
]l*]l:
E 2:16 ]l$ 100 fl rt]l$ 12 kZ MS$rtVS$. Al 12 ]l$ 150 fl
rt]l$ G kZ MS$rtVS$?
G) 24 ) 20 ) 18yl) 16
]l*]l
JMS fl rt$ MS$rty JMS s A]l$M. Ayl$
W1 = 100, M1 = 16, D1 = 12,
W2 = 150, M2 = 12, D2 = ?
M1 D1 M 2 D 2
=
W1
W2
Al *{l {M>
16 12 12 D 2
=
100
150
D2 = 24
]l*]l: G
E 3: 12 ]l$ JMS 18 kZ ^l$. $ 6 k$ ^l]l l>l ]l$
]l$VS$$ Z ^l>$. Al $W]l G kZ N A]l#l$?
G) 6 ) 9 ) 10 yl) 8
]l*]l
$W]l MS _:
12 ]l$, 12 kZ ^l$.
12 + 4 = 16 ]l$ G kZ ^l $?
M1 D1 = M2 D2
Al *{l {M> 12 12 = 16 D2
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D2 = 9
]l*]l:
E 4:
JMS A, B $ ]l$V> 15, 10 kZ N^l JMSP k VSr$ Gl?
G) 2
) 1
) 1
yl) 1
13
25
14
12
]l*]l
]lMS$ JMSPk VSr$
]lMS$ JMSPk ]l$ ll
=
]lMS$ Q
1 1
+
15
10
=
2
1
12
]l*]l: yl
E 5:JMS A, B $ ]l$V> 50, 10 kZ ^l$VS$. A B { _]l
M k l>l B Z ^l>yl$. ll $l B 45 kZ N. Al B G
k$ -^l->-yl$?
G) 2 ) 3 ) 1 yl) 4
]l*]l
l {M> N M> As 45 k r$ ^l ]l ]lMS A.
45 kZ A ^l
= 45
1
9
=
50 10
9
1
=
10 10
]l*]l:
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& M>&3
E 1
JMS A, B$ ]l$V> 25, 20 kZ ^l$VS$. Cl$ MS
{_]l 5 k l>l A ]l*l>yl$. $W]l
B G kZ N ^l$VSyl$?
G) 16 ) 11 ) 9 yl) 15
]l*]l:
= 5
5 kZ A ^l
A ^l$V> $W]l
1 1
=
25 5
1 4 16
= 1 = =
5 5 20
^l>yl$. M>st $W]l B 16 & 5 = 11 kZ
ll $l B 16 k$
^lyl$.
E 2
9 ]l$ #$$$, 12 ]l$ $ MS JMS 12 kZ ^l$VS$. Al 12 ]l$
#$$$, 12 ]l$ $ MS 10 kZ ^l$VS$. Al 30 ]l$ #$$$ B G
kZ ^l$VS$?
G) 9 ) 8 ) 7 yl) 6
]l*]l: yl
1
=
12 ]l$ #$$$ + 12 ]l$ JMSPk 10 ... (1)
1
=
12 ... (2)
9 ]l$ #$$$ + 12 ]l$ JMSPk
(1) & (2) ^l$V>,
]lVS$Y-$ #$$ JMSPk
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1 1
1
=
10 12 60
=
1
1
10 =
60
6
E 3
16 ]l$ JMS 25 kZ ^l$VS$. JMSP ]l$ Cl$ $ ]l*]l. Al
40 ]l$ $$ Al G kZ ^l$VS$?
G) 20 ) 10 ) 40yl) 30
]l*]l: G
40 ]l$ $$ = 20 ]l$ ]l$]l$$$
M1 D1 = M2 D2 Al *{l {M>
16 25 = 20 D2
D2 = 20
E 4
JMS s sMS$]l$ yl$ #$ ]l$V> 25, 50 $Z VS]l#. yl$ #$ JMS
^l$yl { B s sMS$ GlsZ yl$l$?
G) 20
) 15
16
2
3
yl) 16
]l*]l:
CMSPyl s #$ sMS$]l$ y MS*y VS ^.
t t
T= 1 2
t1 + t 2 Al *{]l]l$_
25 50 50
2
=
=
= 16
25 + 50 3
3
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E 5
JMS s sMS$]l$ A Al # 20 $Z VSl$. B Al # Al s sMS$]l$
30 $Z R ^l$VSl$. yl$ #$ JMS ^l$yl { B sMS$ Gl
]l$$Z yl$l$?
G) 50 $ ) 60 $
) 40 $ yl) 45 $
]l*]l:
lZ A Al # llMS Al, B lMS A]l#l$.
$MS A
=+
1
20
1
30
B
$MS (A + B)
=
1
1
1
=
20 30 60
t1 t 2
t 2 t1
E 6
MSi E]l M>V> JMS JMS # sMS$]l$ 36 VSrZ #l$. MS$ A]l#l$]l $
#Z ]l$]l sZ VS. MSi ]lrl B # sMS$]l$ GlsZ #l$?
G) 18 VSr$ ) 24 VSr$
) 27 VSr$ yl) 30 VSr$
]l*]l: G
#Z VS $ MS$ A]l#l$ls B # 50 >l ]l$ ^l$]lr$. MSi
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MS$P$, l*>$-&1
s S$ >$-]l A--MS o-MSV> MS$P- VS$_ -gq-]l A]l--.
--O MS*y MS$P-$ VS$^l-VS--V>-.
El
D>]l
l*$
yl]l$
]l
BVS$
Ol$
lS
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MS$ylOl#
Gyl]l$Ol#
-$-$-l--]l
Wl
Wl
El-
l*-$
--yl-]l$-
l*$
-l-S-
E-l-
lS-
-yl-]l$-
-l*-$
yl-]l$-
-E-l-
l-S-
O st-MS > ll-r El- -Z $-$-l--]l l>-l MS$yl-Ol-# -W-l l*$ -Z, Gyl]l$-Ol-# -W-l yl-]l$- -Z l- A l$-$. C-llV> $VS- MS$P- VS$_ O st
MS > ]l->-$ l$-$-Myl.
O-VS-- l
JMS {$-fZ HOl JMS M 90 E]l-r--l- -- -M- {$-f As-$. D {$
fZ HOl- yl$ $g-$ l- ]ly--- l$-$-M-]l-^l$a.
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~
MS
$f
900
B
$f
l
-J-MS -M- {$-fZ MS-~ ]lY, $VS- yl$ $-g- ]l>Y- l--MS ]l*-]l.
M E---$
1. J-MS -]l-MS l*$ -Z 5 MS.$. {*-_, Gyl-]l$Ol# 10 MS.-$. {*-^-yl$. ]l$- Gyl]l$-Ol-# -W 5 MS.-$. {*-_ _]l--V> MS$yl-Ol-# 5 MS.$ {*-^-yl$. A-l B ]l-MS
{-- ]l$_ H -Z Gl l*-Z E-yl$?
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5 MS.$.
D
5 MS.$.
10 MS.$.
10 MS.$.
A
5 MS.$.
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10 MS.$.
5 MS.$.
B
5 MS.$.
C
15 MS.$.
10 MS.$.
A
6 MS.$.
8 MS.$.
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11 $
E
8 $
20 $
F
A
6 $
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12
G
O rZ AG l* MS]l$MP.
AG l* MS]l$MPs ]ll$V> AF, FG $g l*>$ l$$M.
AB MSl$$V> E]l $f CD$ yl* ]l*]l.
AB
DE
= CD = 6 MS.$.
= CE CD
= 11 6 = 5 MS.$.
DE = 5 MS.$.
DE MSl$$V> E]l $f AF$ yl* ]l*]l.
DE = AF = 5 MS.$.
BC MSl$$V> E]l $f EF$ yl* ]l*]l.
BC = EF = 8 $.
FG = EG EF
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= 20 8 = 12 $.
FG = 12 $.
AFG M {$fZ
AF = 5 $., FG = 12 $. A l$$MS$. s BV> ]l$]lMS$ M>]l AG
l* l$$M]l^l$a.
(MS~)2 = ($-f)2 + ($-f)2
(AG)2 = (AF)2 + (FG)2
= 52 + 122
= 25 + 144 = 169
(AG)2 = 169
AG = 13 $.
l Ol$ Z 13 $. l*Z E.
B
5
12
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]l$]lMS$ M>]l]l l*
AF = AG + GF
=5+4=9
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MS$P$, l*>$&2
1. Vll$ El Ol# 20 $. ]lyl_, Gyl]l$Ol# W 40 $.
]lyl^yl$. ]l$ Gyl]l$Ol# W 20 $. ]lyl^yl$. _]lV>
MS$ylOl# W 20 $. ]lyl_]lrl Cyll]l$ {
]l$_ Gl l*Z Eyl$?
20 $.
20 $.
E
40 $.
20 $.
40 $.
A
O r >
]l$]l MS]l$MP]l]l l* AE = AD + DE
^ll${Z Gl$l$$ $g$ ]l*]l.
M>st BC = AD = 40 $.
M>st AE = 40 $ + 20 $. = 60 $.
Vll$ { ]l$_ 60 $. l*Z Eyl$.
2. >g El Ol# 10 MS.$. ]lyl_, AMSPyl ]l$_ lS Ol# 6 MS.$. ]lyl^yl$. AMSPyl ]l$_
l*$Ol# 3 MS.$. ]lyl^yl$. Cyll]l$ { ]l$_ H Z Gll*Z
Eyl$?
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6 MS.$.
10
MS.$.
3 MS.$.
C
4 MS.$.
O r >
>g A ]l$_ BMS, B ]l$_ CMS, C ]l$_ DMS $$l>yl$.
Cyl$ A ]l$_ DMS$ , l* MS]l$MP. A ]l$_ D D>]l Z E.
AC = AB BC = 10 6 = 4 km
CD = 3 km
3. JMS G$MS l*$Ol# 20' l, MS$ylOl# W 10' ]lyl_. ]l$ MS$ylOl# W 9' ]lyl_
Gyl]l$Ol# W 5' ]lyl_. ]l$ Gyl]l$Ol# 12' ]lyl_ _]lV> 6' ]lyl_. _]lV>
G$MS H Z {* _?
20'
Q
10'
9'
6'
5'
T
12'
T
80m
P
60m
S
30m
20m
R
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30m
20m
G
15m
D
15m
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]l$]lMS$ M>]l l*
AF = AG + GF
BC = AG = 30 cm
DE = GF = 15 m
AG = 30 m, GF = 15 m.
AF = 30 + 15 = 45 m.
]l$ l]l { MS l*$ Z 45 $. l*Z E.
10 km
10 km
E
15 km
5 km
D
12
1
11
2
10
9
3
8
4
7 6 5
11
10
9
8
7
12
1
2
3
4
D>]l
El
l*$
]l
BVS$
yl]l$
lS
Ol$
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El
]l
D>]l
yl]l$
l*$
Ol$
BVS$
lS
i) O]l MS$P$
]l
yl]l$
Ol$
lS
El
D>]l
l*$
BVS$
ii) {Z C_a]l yls BV> MS$P$
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MS$P$& l*>$&3
oMSV> MS$P$ l$$M]lyl r$ JMS O MS$P]l$ VS$^lVS Wl D {MS$
]l*]l$ VS$^lyl ^ $$]l#. -s- ^s.. MS$P]l$ VS$_ VS$_ ]l${VSV>
lls $
GOyl JMS M>WlO O ]l$ ElV>]l*, MS ]l$ lSV>]l$, MS$ylOl#]l$ l*$V>]l$,
Gyl]l$Ol#]l$ yl]l$V>]l$ VS$^. AllV>
El, l*$ ]l$l & D>]l
l*$, lS ]l$l & BVS$
lS, yl]l$ ]l$l & Ol$
yl]l$, El> ]l$l&]l $s.
s MS r > *_^l]l^l$a.
El
]l
D>]l
yl]l$
l*$
Ol$
BVS$
lS
y $
JMS ]lMS Ml l* JMS Z l MS$yl Ol# Gyl]l$ Ol# ]l$yl$ As H Z lyl$
Al *$ l$$M.
JMS ]lMS l*$Ol# Mll* l MS$yl Ol# As lS Ol#, Gyl]l$Ol# As El Ol#
l]lr$ VS$$^l$M. AllV> yl ]l$ Ol# Ml l* l MS$ylOl# As El Ol#,
Gyl]l$Ol# As lS Ol# ]l$]lr$ VS$$.
El Ol# Mll* l MS$ylOl# As l*$Ol#, Gyl]l$Ol# As yl]l$ Ol#
]l$]lr$ VS$$. AllV> lS Ol# Ml l* l, MS$ylOl# As yl]l$ Ol#, Gyl]l$
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yl]l$
El
El
MS$yl
Gyl]l$
Gyl]l$
MS$yl
lS
lS
MS$yl
yl]l$
l*$
Gyl]l$
lS
l*$
]ly $
MS$PO { C_a]lyl$ JMS ]lMS $ Z Mll* {*^MS, Cyl$ Al ]l$
{ ]l$_ H Z, Gl l* Z Eyl$ Al {$ AylVS]l^l$a. Cs {
]l_a]lyl$ M l>Z OVS l E*W^ Er$.
OVS l
JMS M {$fZ yl$ $g ]l>Y ll MS~# ]l>YMS ]l*]l.
ABCZ
MS~2 = $f2 + $f2
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
M E]l$
1. JMS ]lMS El Ol# 6 MS.$. {*_, MS$ylOl# W 8 MS.$. {*^yl$. ]l$
MS$ylOl# W 6 MS.$. {*_, _]lV> Gyl]l$Ol# 12 MS.$. {*^yl$. Al Cyl$
Al]l$ { ]l$_ H Z Gll*Z Eyl$?
8 MS.$.
6 MS.$.
6 MS.$.
12 MS.$. E
11 MS.$.
A
20 MS.$.
4 MS.$.
C 4 MS.$.
_sP
HOl JMS Q]l$ 25 VS$^ ]l_a]l yl$.. B Q]l$ 4 W^lyl > l
>rt]l^l.$a (25 VS$^lyl MS 4 W ^lyl ^ $$]l#) C W^lyl ]l Ml
VS ]l$. 0 V>, 1 V>, 2 V>, 3 V> ]l$.
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-MS$P-$-&l*>$&4
MS$P$O AylVS {$ ]lMSZ PMS BZ^l MS,
lVSV> ~*$ $MVS MS S^lV> Es.
MS$PO HOl JMS { C_a]lyl$ B {Z VS
{]l*]l$ (Units) MS*y g{VSlV> VS]l$^. JMS {MS$
]l*]l MS]l$MS$Ps 5 ]l_al]l$MS$. B {Z l*
{]l* $ A MS.$.Z Es, ]l*]l 5 MS.$. A]l#l$. M> { MSl C_a]l Bl
$ MS lV> E A]l$MS$.
G) 5 $
) 50 $
) 500 $ yl) 5000 $
]l*]l "5' ]l_a. M>st # ^]l$ A$$ ]l*]l "G' ]l$ VS$ $.
{Z s MS.$.Z C^a$. MSl BlZ ]l*]l $.Z C^a$. 5 MS.$.]l$
$.ZMS ]l*$aMS$s 5000$. A]l#l$ M>st ]l*]l "yl' A]l#l$.
]l$M E$ .
1. HM>l yl]l$ Ol# 5 MS.$. {*_, Gyl]l$ Ol# W 10 MS.$. {*^yl$. ]l$
Gyl]l$ Ol# W ]l$ 25 MS.$. {*_, _]lV> El Ol# 31 MS.$. {*^yl$.
Al Al]l$ { ]l$_ Gl l*Z Eyl$?
G) 29 MS.$. ) 290 $.
) 2900 $. yl) 29000 $.
F
31 MS.$.
B 5 MS.$.
10 MS.$.
C
25 MS.$.
MS]l$MP.
r BV> Alyl$ D >]lZ E]lr$ l$$.
rZ A ]l$_ E ]l MS$, F ]lMS$ Q]l$ MSl AEF M {$f H yl$l$.
Cl$Z
MS~2 = $f2 + $f2
AF2 = AE2 + EF2
AE l* = CD l* & AB l*
= 25 & 5 = 20 MS.$.
EF l* = DF l* & ED l*
= 31 & 10 = 21 MS.$.
AE l* = 20 MS.$.
EF l* = 21 MS.$.
AF2 = 202 + 212
AF2 = 400 + 441
AF2 = 841
AF = 841 = 29
20 $.
10 $.
B
10 $.
20 $.
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El
12
yl]l$ 9
3 l*$
6
lS
) ]l 10 $.
yl) O l $ 10 $.
11 $
14$
5 $ - A
D AO VSlZ ]l_a]l {
1. ZMS l]l Cs ]l$_ 15 MS.$. El Z {*_, yl]l$ Ol# W 10 MS.$.
{*^yl$. ]l$ lS Ol# 5 MS.$. {*_ _]lV> l*$Ol# 10 MS.$.
{*^yl$. Al Cyl$ Al]l$ l]l { ]l$_ H Z, Gl l*Z
Eyl$?
G) l*$ 10 MS.$. ) yl]l$ 10 MS.$.
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5 MS.$
D
E
15MS.$
A
ls _sP
HOl JMS Q]l$ 11 VS$^s, ]ll$V> C_a]l QZ JMSr ]lZ E]l AMS]l$
$V> >*. B l>l JMSr ]lZ AMS ll$st _]l AMS ]lMS$ {
MS ]ll$]l AMS]l$ MS*yl lZ >*.
E 1: 8492 11
8492 = 93412
2
2
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MS$P$&l*>$&5
MS$P$ & VSl {$
MS$PO # A s SZ MS JMS { ]l$.
AllV> HG ^lZ$ l h.G. Z
JMS { ]l^la A]lM> E. M>st D AO Cs]lMS$
l s SZ ]l_a]l M {]l$ .
1. MS lS Ol# 10 MS.$. {*_, MS$ylOl# 5 MS.$.
{*^yl$. ]l$ MS$ylOl# 10 MS.$. {*_, _]lV> Gyl]l$Ol# 10 MS.$.
{*^yl$. Al Cyl$ MS l]l { ]l$_ H Z Gl l*Z
Eyl$?
G) yl]l$ 15 $ ) El 150 $
) El 1500 $ yl) yl]l$ 15000 $
10 MS.$.
10 MS.$.
10 MS.$.
5 MS.$.
C
= 5 + 10 ( AD = BC = 5 MS.$.)
= 15 MS.$.
MS l]l { ]l$_ yl]l$ Z 15 MS.$. l*Z Eyl$. M> C_a]l
$VS$ B]lZ {]l*$ MS.$.Z M>MS$y $rZ E. M>st 15 MS.$.]l$
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20 $.
10 $.
10 $.
20 $.
4 MS.$.
1 MS.$.
9 MS.$.
5 MS.$.
2 MS.$.
M {$fZ...
AE 2 = AF2 + FE2
O rZ AF = AB + BF
= 1 + 2 = 3 MS.$.
( BF =CD =2 MS.$.)
AllV> FE = DE DF
= 9 & 5 = 4 MS.$.
( DF = BC = 5 MS.$.)
O rZ ]l$]lMS$ M>]l l*
AE = AF 2 + FE 2
AF = 3 MS.$. FE = 4 MS.$.
AE = 32 + 4 2
= 9 + 16
= 25
AE = 5 MS.$.
$l l]l { ]l$_ 5 MS.$. l*Z E.
]l*]l: () 5 MS.$.
4. ]l$ l]l Cs ]l$_ 15 MS.$. El Ol# {*_, yl]l$ Z W 10 MS.$.
{*^yl$. ]l$ lS Ol# W 5 MS.$. {*_, _]lV> l*$ Z 10 MS.$.
{*^yl$. Cyl$ Al]l$ l]l Cs ]l$_ H Z Eyl$?
G) l*$) yl]l$
) Elyl) lS
5 MS.$.
10 MS.$.
15 MS.$.
10 MS.$.
yl]l$
R
l*$
P
El
Q
lS
$ ]l
El
>]l
l*$
yl]l$
Ol
lS
$
VS
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Ol$
]l$
lS
yl
$
l*
$]l
BVS$
D>]l
r 2
40 MS.$.
Q
R
300 MS.$.
PQ = 500 MS.$.
P, QMS$ V>Y ]l$lZ R E.
R, Q ]l$l l* 500
=
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= 250 MS.$.
{$^lyl ^l*!
1. JMS ]lMS yl]l$ Z 10 MS.$. {* _, MS$yl Ol# ]l$ 5 MS.$. {* ^yl$. ]l$ MS$yl
Ol# 19 MS.$. {*_ _]lV> lS Z 17 MS.$. {* ^yl$. Cyl$ Al]l$ l]l
{ ]l$_ Gl l*Z Eyl$?
G) 17 MS.$. ) 21 MS.$.
) 25 MS.$. yl) 29 MS.$.
]l*]l : ()
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MS$P$&l*>$&6
MS$P$ & ]l*$PMS$ > M>$
Cs]l # A s SZ-]l* MS$PO {$
Ayl$VS$l$$. s-O ]l$]l {$ ^l*s ]lQV>
]lyl$ A>O MS A]lV>]l Ey. A MS$P$, MS$yl
Gyl]l$ Ol# W]lyl$ l$]l , OVS l
MS$P$:
M>WlO MS$P]l$ VS$^lVSV>. MS $$Ol]l *{l ""EDl*BlOl''. As
El, D>]l, l*$, BVS$, lS, Ol$, yl]l$, $]l. D AS>]l$ Cl
]l${MS]l$Z VS$$^l$MS$s l$. MS r > ^l*.
]l
El
l*$
yl]l$
Ol$
N-W
D>]l
BVS$
lS
N
N-E
S-W
S-E
S
r > ^l*.
El
El
yl]l$
MS$yl
Gyl]l$
MS$yl
El
l*$
Gyl]l$
l*$
yl]l$
MS$yl
Gyl]l$
Gyl]l$
MS$yl
lS
lS
lS
MS$ylOl#
Wl
Gyl]l$Ol#
Wl
El
lS
l*$
yl]l$
l*$
yl]l$
lS
El
yl]l$
l*$
El
lS
OVS l:
MS$PO ]l^la {Z M l>Z { ]l$_ l$ H JMS ]lZ
Er$. AMSPyl OVS *{l E*VSyl$l$.
""M {$fZ yl$ $g ]l>Y ll, MS~ ]l>YMS ]l*]l A]l#l$''.
A
4
c
m 7900
B
5 cm
C
3 cm
AB 2 + BC 2
M E$ :
1. JMS ]lMS l*$ Z 5 MS.$. l* {*_ MS$ylOl# W ]l$ 5 MS.$.
{*^yl$. ]l$ Gyl]l$Ol# 10 MS.$. {*_ _]lV> Gyl]l$Ol# ]l$ 5 MS.$.
{*^yl$. Cyl$ B ]lMS l]l { ]l$_ H Z Gl l*Z Eyl$?
B ]lMS {*_]l l*> r > ^l*...
5
A
B
5
C
5
10
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= 15 MS.$.
D
6 MS.$.
B
5 MS.$.
MS.
$.
G
MS.
$.
{
l
CD = 3 MS.$.
M>]l l*
AD = AC 2 + CD 2
= 42 + 32 = 16 + 9 = 25
= 5 MS.$.
VSl {$
1. JMS ]lMS 4 MS.$. lS -MS$, l>l 8 MS.$. yl]l$ Ol#, l>l 6 MS.$. El>MS, l>l
8 MS.$. l*$ MS$, l>l 2 MS.$. lS Ol# {* ^l l]l$ { MS Gl
l*Z Esyl$?(g.G.&2004)
1) 8 MS.$. 2) 10 MS.$.
3) 12 MS.$. 4) 28 MS.$.
BlZ O]l ]l*]l C]ll$. MS O]l ]l*]l
B ]lMS { Zl Esyl$.
8 MS.$.
E
A
6 MS.$.
4 MS.$.
8 MS.$.
15 MS.$.
5 MS.$.
10 MS.$. B
C
10 MS.$.
A
]lyl ^yl$. l>l Cl* Gyl]l$Ol# W JMS lVS 5 MS.$. ]lyl^$. Cyl$
A,B ]l$l l*l$l?
({VS*&I & 2003, MSVS)
1) 10 MS.$. 2) 5 MS.$.
3) 20 MS.$. 4) 30 MS.$.
]l*]l: 10 MS.$.
5 MS.$.
5 MS.$.
Q
P
10 MS.$.
10 MS.$.
20 MS.$.
5 MS.$.
A
5 MS.$.
B
P, Q ]l$l l* = 10 MS.$.
30 MS.$.
70 MS.$.
70 MS.$.
30 MS.$.
M>yl$
"M>yl$' A ]l$_ , {VS*& 1, {VS*&2 SZ
lV> {$ ]l$ . {VS*&1 l$l, &5Z
3 4 {$ ]l^la A]lM>]l. VSl _MSZ
"M>yl$'MS$ _]l {l$MS A>$, ]l]l]l$
^la^. Cyl$ {VS*&1 SMS$ EMS^l M ]l$]l$
. "M>yl$'MS$ _]l ]l$]l$ ^lryl$ O]l t >$yl
^ ]lQ.
E:
l >gVS H k A]l$ZMS ]l_a?
]l*]l:
l >gVS A]l$ZMS ]l_a 26& 01&1950]l M>st D l H l* MS]l$MP.
{MS.. 01&01&01 ]l$_ O l ]lMS$ Eyl M>]l]l = 1949 ]ll>$ + 26 k$.
= 1900 ]ll>$ + 49 ]ll>$ + 26 k$ & (I)
1900 ]ll>MS$ $VS$$ k$ = 1
BO 49 ]ll>Z # ]ll>$ = 12
( 49 4 W ]l^la VS = 12)
49 ]ll>MS$ $VS$$ k$ = 49 + 12 = 61
26 kZ $VS$$ k$ = 5
( 26 7 W ]l^la = 5)
Cyl$ (I) Z ll $VS$$ k$
= 1 + 61 + 5
= 67
"67' "7' W ]l^la = 4
ll $VS$$ k$ = 4
"4' Al VS$$ Myl.
1950, f]l]l 26]l VS$$.
As l >gVS A]l$ZMS ]l_a VS$$.
E:
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VSyl*>$
]l$* lV> *_^l VSyl*>MS$ _]l
{l$MS A>$, M ]l$ O l sSZ {$
]l$. gMS D A MV> MStlOl$]lsMS
Al$Z ]lMS ]l]l]l$ A]lV>]l ^l$MS$s $lV>
Er$.
{]l*MS VSyl*
]l$* MS_alV> *_^l VSyl*> {]l*MS VSyl* As$.
]l$* MZ]lyl
HOl JMS VSyl* l]l$V> $VS$l$s B VSyl* ]l$* MZl$ A
As$.
E: {]l*MS VSyl*Z ]l$$ 4 PM A]lyl$, ]l$]l VSyl*Z 3:30 PM
Al 30 $]l$ MZ]lr$ ]lt]lr$ A.
]l$* lyl
HOl JMS VSyl* lVSV> $VS$l$s B VSyl* ]l$* l$l$ A
As$.
E: {]l*MS VSyl*Z ]l$$ 4 PM A]lyl$, ]l$]l VSyl*Z 4:30 PM
Al 30 $]l$ ]lr$ A.
)$]l$ MZl$.
B VSyl* P $Z P 65 511
Case-II :
P < 65 5
l$l$l A.
B VSyl* P $Z 65 511 P
$]l$ MZl$.
O ]l*^> A S$~V> ^l A ^l$MS$s Gr$]ls ]l$Ol $ V>
^l]l^l$a.
E$
1. JMS VSyl* El$ 5 VSrMS$ O]l ]l$* *__. A 24 VSrZ 16
$]l$ MZl$. Al $V k >{ B VSyl*Z ]l$$ 10 VSr$
Al O]l ]l$$ Gl?
]l*]l:
lZ VSyl* ]l$* MZl$. As A ]lV> $VS$l$l]l]l*r.
Cr$]ls ]l$]l$ ^s {]l*MS VSyl* {M> M>]l]l,
lZ VSyl* {M> M>]l]l a.
24 VSrZ lZ VSyl* 16 $ MZl$. As D VSyl* {M>
23 VSr 44 $$ = {]l*MS VSyl* {M> 24 VSr$.
23 VSr 44 $$
= 23 44 60 VSr$ = 231115 VSr$
= 356/15 VSr$
As
356/15 VSrMS$ 24 VSr$ (1)
lls k El$ 5 VSr ]l$_ $V k >{ 10 VSr ]lMS$ M>]l]l = 24
+ 24 + 24 + 17 = 89 VSr$
Cyl$ lZ VSyl* {M> 89 VSr M>]l]l {]l*MS VSyl* {M>
Gl M>]l]lMS ]l*]ll* MS]l$MP.
As
89 VSrMS$ G VSr$ (2)
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24
89
356 / 15
= 24
15
89 = 90
356
VSr$
65
65
65 $Z
11
$]l$ l$l$.
65 $MS$ 5/11 $$ (1)
24 VSr$ = 24 60 $$
= 1440 $$
1440 $MS$ G $$ (2)
(1), (2) ]l$_ D VSyl* JMSP kZ l ]l$$
5 / 11
=
1440 $$
65
$$
5 1440
11 65
1440
10
= 10
143
143
$$
As D VSyl* JMSPkZ 10 10
$$ GMS$P]l ^l*$.
3. lVSV> $VS$l$]l JMS VSyl* ]l$ ]l$ 12 VSrMS$ yl$ $$ lMS$P]l
^l*. B l>l ]l$ ]l$ 2 VSrMS$ 4 $ 48 MS]l$ GMS$P]l
143
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]l*]l:
]l$ ]l$ 12 VSr ]l$_ l>l ]l$ ]l$ 2 VSr ]lMS$
M>]l]l
= 7 k$ + 2 VSr$
= 7 24 + 2 VSr$
= 170 VSr$
D 170 VSrZ VSyl* ]l ]l$$ = 2 $ + 4 48 MS]l$
=2+4
= 2+
48
4
=2 +4
60
5
24 34
=
5
5
$$
170
170
2=
2 5 = 50
34 / 5
34
VSr$
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E 1 :
Al, ]l]l, l Al ]lVS$Y$ ]l$$ JMS OZ
{*$$. AlMS$ ]l ]l*a lZ MSMS
l]lr$ VS$$. ]l]lMS$ $ MSMSMS l]l k
y A VS$$. l #st]lk ]l]l 1]l l. B ]llZ l $l
M]lrl $ MSMSMS l]l l MS]l$MPyl?
]l*]l:
l {M> Al, ]l]l, l$ MSMS l ]l*a lZ y .
B ]llZ ]l]l 1]l $l.
llr ]l*a 1]l H A]l#l$ MS]l$MS$P.
]l*a 1 ]l$_ ]l]l 1 ]lMS$ VS M>]l]l
= ]l*a + H{ + l$ + l + kO + BVS $t + t + AMt l$
O M>]l]lZ $VS$$ k Q
=3+2+3+2+3+3+2+3
= 21
21 7 W ]l^la = 0
]l*a 1, ]l]l 1 ]l$l Eyl $VS$$ k Q = 0
As ]l*a 1]l MS*y $ll$ A]l#l$. ]l*a 4]l lls A]l#l$.
4 + 7 = 11]l y A]l#l$.
Al, ]l]l, l$ MSMSMS l ]l*a lZ 11]l l.
VS]l$MS:
O E ]l$_ ]l$]l MS * VS]l$^^l$a.
HOl JMS ]llZ ]l*a lZ JMS l, Al ]ll ]l]l lZ Al l
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yl* JMSk A]l#. Gl$MSs ]l*a 1 ]l$_ ]l]l 1MS ]l$l VS $VS$$ k
Q $ M>st.
E 2:
2003 M>yl W lrl H ]ll Z #]l>]ll]l$]l#l$?
]l*]l:
yl$ ]ll>MS* JMS M>yl ]l ^s
(i)
B yl$ ]ll>* JMS MSOl$]l M>.
(ii) B yl$ ]ll>Z f]l]l 1 JMS k M>.
]ll, # ]ll>Z $VS$$ k Q ]l$V> 1, 2 A l$$.
Cyl$ 2003 ]ll ]l$_ $VS$$ k]l$ ]l$V> >.....
]ll $VS$$ $
2003
1
2004
2
2005
1
2006
1
2007
1
2008
2
2009
1
2010
1
2011
1
2012
2
2013
1
ll $VS$$ $ = 14
14 7 W ]l^la = 0. As ll $VS$$ k$ = 0.
2013 MSs ]ll$, H ]ll ]lMS$ MS*y ll $VS$$ k Q $ M>l$.
2003, f]l]l 1, 2014 f]l]l 1 l ]l$l Eyl $VS$$ Q = 0.
As D yl$ l$ JMS k A]l#.
AVS 2003, 2014 yl* MS*y ]ll>.
2003 M>yl W lrl 2014Z #]l>]ll]l$]l#l$.
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E 4:
JMS {]l*MS VSyl*Z 2, 3 VSr ]l$l H$ ]l$*Z yl$ ]l$ ]l$l 45
M Er$.
]l*]l:
2 VSryl$ VSyl*
JMS VSr VS = 30
yl$ VSryl$ yl$ ]l$ ]l$l M = 2 30 = 60
2, 3 VSr ]l$l yl$ ]l$ ]l$l yl$ l>Z 45 M Er$.
1]l l:
$ ]l$ VSr ]l$]l$ rMS ]ll$ :& yl$ ]l$ ]l$l 45 M Eys
VSr ]l$ MSs $ ]l$ GMS$P]l ^l*]l M () =
60 45 = 15
Cl$MS$ st ]l$$,
2 $$
T=
11
2 15 30
=
11
11
=2
8
11
$$
2 VSr
8
11
$yl$ yl$
]l$ ]l$l 45 M Er$.
2]l l:
$ ]l$ VSr ]l$]l$ s]l l>l :& yl$ ]l$ ]l$l 45 M Eys
VSr ]l$ MSs $ ]l$ GMS$P]l ^l*]l M = 60 + 45
= 105
Cl$MS$ st ]l$$ =
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2 105 210
=
11
11
= 19
1
11
$$
2 VSr
19
1
11
$yl$ yl$
]l$ ]l$l 45 M Er$.
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sV Agl$s
HG ^l {VS*&I, l$l GV>jl$Z
&VZ sVS H>r$ Al A E. D AO
]lyl$ ]l$_ Il$ ]l*$P {$ ]l^la A]lM> E. Al
lV> {VS*&I {$]l, {VS*&II -S-Z MS*y D A
]l$_ {$ ]l^la -B-P- E.
sVSMS$ _]l {]l$ ^l yMS Gs VSl gq]l A]l l$.
]l$]lMS$yl A]lV>]ll ^l ]l^l$a. Al D {]l$ ^lryl$ O]l
t$ >$yMS {]l$ Er$.
sVS H>--r]l$ {]lV> yl$ $V> h^l]l^l$a.
1. ]l$Z MS*a]lyl (Linear)
2. ]lM>Z MS*a]lyl (Circular)
1. Ml]l$ ]lMS$$ JMS ]l$Z MS*$as V> l* El Ol#]lMS$
]lQ ^l MS*$a . EMS$ A, B, C, D, E, F Al B$VS$$ ]lMS$$
JMS _ $l MS lV> MS*$a A]l$M.
C, D, A, F, B, E
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E
D
F
C
F, C, E, D, A, B
F, D, E, C, A, B
B, A, C, E, D, F
B, A, D, E, C, F
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
N
L
K
N
O
L
M> lZ 4 ]l$_ 'N'MS$ MS$yl MSP]l 'P' MS*a M>st $ MS*al ]l$ D
lV> Er$.
K
N
O
L
'L'MS$ Gyl]l$ O l
# 'P' MS*$asyl$.
E:
MS, , f, MS Al ]l$VS$$ Oll$ $; ]l, ]l>, ]lMS$l, ]l$]l$l Al ]l$www.facebook.com/shekharmine
VS$-$ Cf---$ JMS ^l$r*t MS*$a $. H Cl$ Oll$* JMS MSP]l JMS$ MS*a l$.
MS, MSMS$ yl$ $ MS$ylOl#, ]l$]l$lMS$ MSPV> MS*a. ]l$]l$l ]lMS yl$
$ MS$ylOl# E. ]l-- MSMS$ MSP]l Eyl$. ]l> ]lyl$ $ MS$ Gyl]l$
Ol# Es, ]l> H Cl ]l$l MS*ayl$?
]l*]l:
H Cl$ Oll$$ JMS MSP]l JMS$ MS*al$ As yMSt$, Cf$ JMS l>l JMS$
MS*a. l ]l$_ MS, MS$ D lV> MS*$as$.
MS
MS
]l
MS
MS
]l
MS
ii
]l$]l$l
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
]l
MS
]l>
]lMS$l
f
VS]l$MS:
D { {VS*&I, 2008Z AylV>$. M> SZ ]l$]l$l ]lMS yl$ $ Gyl]l$Ol#]l
E A C^a$. B lV> $MS$s l Al A]l#l$. M>st ]l$]l$l ]l
MS yl$ $ MS$yl Ol#]l E A {Z ]l*$ ^l$MS$.
E:
J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R Al $ ]l$ ]lMS$$ JMS _ $l MS*$a {MSMSs
]l*^l ^l*$$. 'L' Al ]lMS 'M'MS$ MS$yl MSP]l, 'N'MS$ MS$ylOl#]l ]ly ]lZ MS*$a
yl$. 'K' Al ]lMS JMS _]l MS*$ayl$. 'O', 'P' ]l$l 'Q' MS*$ayl$. 'K'MS$ Gyl]l$
Ol# ]ly ]lZ 'O' MS*$ayl$. 'O'MS MS$yl MSP]l 'J' MS*$ayl$. Al ]l$lZ
MS*$a]ll]l$? C-M _]l MS*$a]ll]l$?
]l*]l:
l ]l$_ L, M, N$ MS*$a]l ]l$ N, , M, L. A]l#l$ (1)
AVS 'O', 'J', 'K'$ MS*$al ]l$ D lV> Er$.
J, O, , , K.
'O', 'P' ]l$l 'Q' MS*$asyl$ M>st $ MS*$al ]l$
J, O, Q, P, K A]l#l$ (2)
(1) & (2) ]l$_ $W]l JMSP R l] Z 'R' ]l$ MS*ayll ll $ ]l$
]l &1
]l O r$t ^s QO {l$MS gq]l Ey. ]ll$V> s
^l*.
f Q$
MSP^lyMS E*W^l Q]l$ f Q$ As$. N *_$.
N = {1, 2, 3, ........}
N>~M>$
f Q r$ $ MS*y MS E]l Q]l$ N>~M>$ As$.
W *_$.
W = {0, 1, 2, 3, .........}
N~Q$
f Q r$ $, $ Q]l$ MSW E]l Q]l$ N~Q$ As$.
Z *_$.
Z = {........-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3,......}
{]l Q$
HOl JMS QMS$ 1, Al Q l Cl M>M>$ MS$s s {]l Q$
As$.
l1 {]lQ M>l$
l2 lls {]l Q
lQ A]l HOMSMS {]l Q "2'.
l100 Z# 25 {]l Q$, 100MS$, 200MS$ ]l$l 20 {]l Q$ E-.
l{VS* 2 S >$]l { A MS ]llZ# E]l {]l Q]l$ VS$^l VSV>.
100 Z# VS {]l Q$:
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89,
97.
Q$
2 V> W^l Q ]l$ Q$ As $.()
HOl JMS QZ JMSr l] Z 0, 2, 4, 6, 8Z HJMSs Es A Q A]l#l$.
E: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12,
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Q$
2 V> W^l Q]l$ Q$ As$. ()
HOl JMS QZ JMSr l] Z 1, 3, 5, 7, 9Z HJMSs Es A Q
A]l#l$.
E: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, .........
]lY Q$
HOl JMS Q]l$ Al Q VS$ ]l^la ]lYQ As$. $$ MS 35
]lMS$ ]l>Y$ l$aMyl. C ]l r$ ]l Gi, M>MSlZ MS*y
E*VSyl.
35 ]lMS$ ]l>Y$
22 & 4
32 & 9
12 & 1
42 & 16
52 & 25
62 & 36
72 & 49
82 & 64
92 & 81
102 & 100
112 & 121
122 & 144
132 & 169
142 & 196
152 & 225
172 & 289
182 & 324
162 & 256
192 & 361
202 & 400
212 & 441
222 & 484
232 & 529
242 & 576
252 & 625
262 & 676
272 & 729
282 & 784
292 & 841
302 & 900
312 & 961
322 & 1024
332 & 1089
342 & 1156 352 & 1225
$]l Q$
1 ]l$_ 11 ]lMS$ $]lQ$ l$aMS$s A , Gi, M>MSlZ
E*VSyl.
13 & 1 23 & 8 33 & 27
43 & 64 53 & 125
63 & 216
73 & 343
83 & 512 93 & 729
103 & 1000 113 & 1331
O]l ^lMS$]l {l$M>> r$ _]l _]l MS*ylMS$, ll$, VS$M>>$,
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E$
1. 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, ........
D {MS]l$V> W. ]l V> E. H yl$ Q ]l$l ]l
^l* A "4'MS$ ]l*]l A. M>st _]l Q "23'MS$ "4' MS.
23 + 4 = 27
27 ]l*]l A]l#l$.
2. 6, 13. 20, 27, 34, 41, 48, ........
V> "7' ^]l $VS$l$. M>st _]l Q "48'MS "7' MS.
48 + 7 = 55
55 ]l*]l A]l#l$.
3. 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34, .......
V> 3 ^]l $VS$l$. M>st _]l Q 34MS 3 MS.
34 + 3 = 37
37 ]l*]l A]l#l$.
4. 49, 55, 61, 67, 73, ........
V> 6 ^]l $VS$l$. M>st _]l Q 73MS$ 6 MS.
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73 + 6 = 79
79 ]l*]l A]l#l$.
2. {MS]l$V> VSyl, ]l {MS]l$V> VSyl
{MS]l$V> $VS$l$. r$ ]l MS*y {MS]l$V> $VS$l$. D
]l H Z, H lV> $VS$l$ l$$M B l>l Q]l$ _]l QMS$
MS.
E$
5. 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 17, 23, ........
D Z Q ]l$l ]l {MS]l$V> 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ^]l W. l>l 7
V>. M>st _]l Q "23'MS$ "7' MS.
23 + 7 = 30
]l*]l 30
6. 5, 7, 11, 17, 25, 35, 47, ........
D Z Q ]l$l ]l {MS]l$V> 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 ^]l W. l>l 14
V>. M>st _]l Q "47'MS$ "14' MS.
47 + 14 = 61
]l*]l 61
7. 9, 13, 21, 33, 49,........
D Z Q ]l$l ]l {MS]l$V> 4, 8, 12, 16 ^]l W. C "4'
VS$g$. l>l 20 V>. _]l Q "49'MS "20' MS.
49 + 20 = 69
]l*]l 69
8. 4, 6, 9, 14, 21, ........
D Z Q ]l$l ]l {MS]l$V> 2, 3, 5, 7 ^]l W. C Q
A yl$. M> C {]l Q$. M>st l>l 11 V>. _]l Q "21'MS$
"11' MS.
21 + 11 = 32
]l*]l 32
3. {MS]l$V> VSyl, ]l {MS]l$V> lVSYyl
{MS]l$V> $VS$l$. M> s ]l$l ]l {MS]l$V> lVS$Yl$. D ]l H
Z, H lV> lVS$Yl$ l$$M, B l>l Q]l$ _]l QMS$ MS.
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E$
9. 12, 22, 30, 36, 40, ........
{MS]l$V> W. M> s ]l$l ]l {MS]l$V> 10, 8, 6, 4 ^]l lWY. B
l>l "2' >. M>st _]l QMS$ "2' MS.
40 + 2 = 42
]l*]l 42
10. 16, 41, 61, 76, 86, ........
{MS]l$V> W. M> s ]l$l ]l {MS]l$V> 25, 20, 15, 10 ^]l lWY.
B l>l "5' >. M>st _]l QMS$ "5' MS.
86 + 5 = 91
]l*]l 91
11. 12, 23, 30, 35, 38, ........
{MS]l$V> W. M> s ]l$l ]l {MS]l$V> 11, 7, 5, 3 ^]l lWY. C
{]l Q$. 3 MS _]l {]lQ "2'. M>st _]l Q "38'MS$ "2' MS.
38 + 2 = 40
]l*]l 40
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l &2
Cs]lMS$ l Z M E$ VS]l$^. Cyl$ ]l$Ms ^l*.
]l*]l: 73, 69
2. 42, 39, 36, 33, 30, ........
D Z { Q ]ll$ Q MSs "3' lVS$Yl * E.
30 & 3 = 27
]l*]l: 27
, ]l {MS]l$V> lVSYyl..
5. 77, 67, 59, 53, 49, ........
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VS$M> l VSyl
7. 2, 4, 12, 48, 240, ........
D Z { Q ]ll$ Q {MS]l$V> $VS$l* E]l MSW
E. D Z ]l* >sts.. ]l*]l Q ]l ]ll$ Q]l$
VS$^. CMSPyl ]l* ]l Q ]l 6. ]ll$ Q 240. D yls VS$
]l^la R ]l*]l.
240 6 = 1440
Z l>l ]l^la Q 1440.
8. 2, 3, 8, 27, 112,565,...
D Z MS*y VS$M> l El l $. M> lls Q "2']l$ "1' M>
"2' M> VS$_]lsMS MSP]l$]l "3' ]l yl l$. D VS$M>
r$ MS]l (MS*ylMS) l MS*y E. O ]l$ MS lV> ^l]l^l$a.
21+1=3
32+2=8
8 3 + 3 = 27
27 4 + 4 = 112
112 5 + 5 = 565
Btlsl
9. 2, 3, 4, 6, 6, 9, 8, 12, 10, 15, ....
-Z yl$ $ $lOl$ E. B yl$ ]l$ ..
i) 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, ......
ii) 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, .....
{VS* ..
12. 6, 8, 14, 7, 10, 17, 8, 13, ........
O Z { ]lyl$ ]l$ JMS {VS* V> E. { ]ly Q ]l l$ yl$
Q lMS ]l*]l.
6 + 8 = 14
7 + 10 = 17
Al lV>
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8 + 13 = 21
]l*]l: 21
13. 20, 10, 200, 10, 5, 50, 5, 6, ........
O Z { ]lyl$ ]l$ JMS {VS* V> E. { ]ly Q ]l l$]l
yl$ Q MS ]l*]l.
20 10 = 200
10 5 = 50
Al lV>
5 6= 30
]l*]l: 30
M Q-$ $]l-..
14. 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, ........
D Z lls yl$ Q$ $]l $VS Q MSs ]ll$]l yl$
Q lMS ]l*]l.
2+3=5;3+5=8;
5 + 8 = 13 ; 13 + 21 = 34 ;
21 + 34 = 55
]l*]l: 55.
15. 1, 2, 2, 4, 8, 32, ........
O Z lls yl$ Q$ $]l, $VS Q$.. MSs ]ll$]l yl$
Q]l$ VS$^lyl ]l ]l$.
12=2;22=4;
2 4 = 8 ; 4 8 = 32
Al lV>
8 32 = 256
]l*]l: 256
_sP
H QOl 5^l VS$^s, B Q _]l JMS $ E]lr$ F^l$M, B Q]l$ 2
^ll W^. ]l^la VS l$ s A]l#l$.
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
E
5637 5 ^l*s 5637 _]l $ El]l$M "2'^l W^.
56370
= 28185
2
5637 5 = 28185
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
]l &3
All {]lQ E]l D ]l {]l$ V> ^s lVSV> MS*ylMS$,
ll$, VS$M>, VS> O r$t^. s r$ 1 ]l$_ 11 ]lMS$ $$; 1
]l$_ 35 ]lMS$ ]l>Y$ MS_alV> ]l_a Ey. s r$ ]ll ]lMS$ E]l {]lQ]l$
VS$^lVSWl ^$.
]l ]l$ $V> A ^l$ M]lyMS VSl {>{]l$ ^. ]l
Z ]l^la {$ MS lV> Er$.
1. {MS]l$V> VSyl
2. {MS]l$V> lVSYyl
3. lVSV> VSyl
4. lVSV> lVSYyl
5. Btlsl
6. {VS*
7. Cl {$
29 + 4 = 33
]l*]l 33.
2. 12, 19, 26, 33, ....
{MS]l$V> "7' ^]l $VS$ l$. ]l V> E.
M>]l Q = 33 + 7 = 40
]l*]l 40.
3. 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, ....
{MS]l$V> "3' ^]l $VS$ l$. ]l V> E.
M>]l Q = 20 + 3 = 23
]l*]l 23.
4. 21, 27, 33, 39, 45, .....
{MS]l$V> "6' ^]l $VS$ l$. ]l V> E.
M>]l Q 45 + 6 = 51
]l*]l 51.
]l*]l 38.
7. 10, 12, 15, 20,
27, ....
2 3 5 7
{MS]l$V> $VS$l$. ]l MS*y 2, 3, 5, 7 ^]l $VS$l$. V>
2, 3, 5, 7 Al Q yl 27MS$ "9' MS "36' A ]l*]l VS$ $. C
l . 2, 3, 5, 7 Z "2' Al Q M>l$. lV> C { ]l Q
l$$. "7' l>l {]l Q 11. M>st _]l QMS$ 11 MS.
M>]l
Q = 27 + 11 = 38
]l*]l 38.
8. 5, 8, 14, 23, 35,...
3 6 9 12
{MS]l$V> $VS$l$. ]l MS*y 3, 6, 9, 12 (3 VS$g$) ^]l
$VS$l$. B l>l 15 V>.
M>]l
Q = 35 + 15 = 50
]l*]l 50.
>.
M>]l
Q = 40 + 2 = 42
]l*]l 42.
11. 6, 22, 34, 42, ....
16 12 8
{MS]l$V> $VS$l$. M> ]l {MS]l$V> 16, 12, 8 ^]l lVS$Yl$. l>l 4
>.
M>]l
Q = 42 + 4 = 46
]l*]l 46.
12. 30, 47, 60, 71, ...
17 13 11
{MS]l$V> $VS$l$. ]l {MS]l$V> 17, 13, 11 ^]l lVS$Y l$. 17, 13,
11$ {]l Q$. l>l ]l^la {]l Q 7.
M>]l
Q = 71 + 7 = 78
]l*]l 78.
ls _sP
HOl JMS Q]l$ "5' VS$^ ]l, VS$^]l Q _]l $ st "2'
W^lyl. H QOl "5' VS$^lyl MSs 2 W^lyl ^ $.
E$
1.
6785 5
6785 5 = 33925
2.
69548 5
695480
= 347740
2
69548 5 = 347740
VS]l$MS
]lr$. BO
10
=5
M>st 5 VS$ H ]l*]l ]l$ 10 VS$_, 2
2
W_ Al ]l*]l ]l$.
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
]l &4
# A f]l tyl Z l]lMSr* JMS ]l _,
$#MS$r$]l A ]l . {MSl ]l ]l$_ {$ 7 l*ylZ
]l$ l$$MS$. l$$ls l*yl {MS]l$V> VSyl VS$_ ^la^.
Cyl$ $VS l*yl]l$ .
Q ]l${MS]l$
l*yl 2 {MS]l$V> lVSYyl
{MS]l$V> lVS$Yl*, B Q ]l$l ]lZ l ]l*$ ]lr$$l D Z
]l]lMS]l l El ^l^l$a. Z Q ]l BV> ]lyl$ E
V>$V> ]lYMS^l]l^l$a. A..
2G. {MS]l$V> lVSYyl, ]l V> Eylyl
2. {MS]l$V> lVSYyl, ]l {MS]l$V> VSyl
2. {MS]l$V> lVSYyl, ]l {MS]l$V> lVSYyl
M>]l Q = 47 & 4 = 43
]l*]l: 43
1 2 3
4
{MS]l$V> lVS$Yl$. M> ]l {MS]l$V> 1, 2, 3, 4 ^]l $VS$l$. l>l 5
>.
M>]l Q = 81 & 5 = 76
]l*]l: 76
16. 100, 98, 94, 88, 80, ...
2
4
6 8
{MS]l$V> lVS$Yl$. M> ]l {MS]l$V> 2, 4, 6, 8 ^]l $VS$l$. l>l
10 >.
M>]l Q = 80 & 10 = 70
]l*]l: 70
10 8
6 4
{MS]l$V> lVS$Yl$. ]l MS*y {MS]l$V> 10, 8, 6, 4 ^]l lVS$Yl$. l>l
2 >.
M>]l Q = 62 & 2 = 60
]l*]l: 60
18. 80, 68, 59, 53, ....
12 9
6
{MS]l$V> lVS$Yl$. ]l MS*y {MS]l$V> 12, 9, 6 (3 VS$g$) ^]l
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
]l*]l: 1440
20. 1, 1, 3, 15, 105, ...
1
3 5
]l*]l: 945
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
1,
1+1
2,
5,
16,
2+1 3+1
65, .....
4+1
]l*]l: 14010
71
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
]l &5
QO MS A]lV>]l, 15 ]lMS$ $$, 35 ]lMS$ ]l>Y$, 100 ]lMS$ {]l QO
r$t, lVSV> MS*ylMS$, ll$, VS$M> VS>$ ^l$VS l$ Es ]l
{]l$ A$V> ^l$]l^l$a.
s r$ {]l$ ^l*ylV>l A H l*ylMS$ ^ll$l$ ]ll$V> VS$ ^. {
JMSl l$$ls y l*ylMS$ ^l]lr$$l, Q ]l$l ]l ^l*,
BV> ]l* ]l VS$^. JMSl { ]lyl$ $V l*ylMS$ ^l]lr$$l
s ]l$l VS$M> VS ]lY $]l $ Eyl]l^l$a. s BV>
]l*$ VS$^. l$$ls $VS$ l*yl VS$_ VSl _ MSZ l$aMS$. Cyl$
Cl l*yl .
Btlsl
VSlZ ^lMS$]l $VS$ l*ylMS$ C ]lV> Er$. JMS {MS]l$lZ
]l*$l$]lr$ MS^ll$. Cl$Z Q$ M l>Z $VS$l*, lVS$Yl* Es$$.
Cs l>Z JMS Q ]l ]l$ Q, ... D l V> _]l ]lMS$ ^l* A H JMS
Z Es$$. AllV> $W]l Q$ MS*y ]l$ Z Es$$. ]ll$ B
]l$ VS]l$_ ]l* $ VS$^.
M E$
1. 2, 3, 4, 6, 6, 9, 8, 12, 10, 15, ....
Cl$Z JMS Q ]l ]l$ Q]l$ JMS MS . $W]l Q$
]l$ Z E$$. B yl$ $
i) 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, ....
ii) 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, ....
C yl$ MS*y IA Z E$$. Cl$Z l$$ls Z _]l Q M>. l$$ls
{MS]l$V> $VS$l* ]l V> (IA) E. l>l 12 >.
]l*]l: 12
2. 1, 2, 2, 5, 4, 8, 7, 11, 11, 14, ..., ...
Cl$Z yl$ $$$. A
i) 1, 2, 4, 7, 11, .....
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
{VS*
Cl$Z { ]lyl$ Q$ M>, { $VS$ Q$ M> JMS {VS*#V> Es$$. _]l
{VS*#Z JMS Q $ ^l* E]l { C$. ]ll$ JMS {VS*#Z Q ]l$l
Gs l E MS]l$MP, BV> ]l*]l MS]l$MP.
4. 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 15, 17, 18, ......
Cl$Z { ]lyl$ Q$ JMS {VS*#V> E$$. { {VS*#Z l$$ls yl$ Q
l$$l ]ly Q A]l#l$. 2 + 3 = 5; 7 + 8 = 15 All V> 17 + 18 = 35.
]l*]l: 35
5. 6, 10, 8, 10, 20, 15, 15, 17, ......
D Z { ]lyl$ Q$ JMS {VS*#V> E$$. Cl$Z { {VS*#Z l$$ls
yl$ Q > ]ly Q A]l#l$.
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
6 + 10
10 + 20
= 8;
= 15
2
2
AllV>
15 + 17
= 16
2
]l*]l: 16
6. 20,5,100,4,30,5,150,6,40,4,160, ...
D Z { $VS$ Q$ JMS {VS*#V> E$$. Cl$Z { {VS*#Z l$$ls
yl$ Q ]ly QV>, l$$ls Q]l$ y Q W ]l_a]l
VS $V QV> ]l_a.
20 5 = 100; 20 5 = 4
30 5 = 150; 30 5 = 6
40 4 = 160; 40 4 = 10
]l*]l: 10
Cl {$
O]l ^lMS$]l 6 l*ylZ >MS$y $W]l Cl {]l$ D {VS*Z .
7. 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, ......... (Gyl$s B)
D {VS*#Z l$$ls yl$ Q$ $]l $W]l A Q$, MSs ]ll$]l
yl$ Q l$$lV> E$$.
1 + 2 = 3; 2 + 3 = 5; 3 + 5 = 8; 5 + 8 = 3; 13 + 21 = 34 All V> 21 + 34 = 55
]l*]l: 55
8. 1, 2, 2, 4, 8, 32, .........
D {VS*#Z l$$ls yl$ Q$ $]l $VS A Q$ MSs ]ll$]l yl$
Q V> E.
1 2 = 2; 2 2 = 4; 4 8 = 32; AllV> 8 32 = 256
]l*]l: 256
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
]l &6
# A s SZ lMS$y MS JMS {
A]l ]l ]l$_ ]l$. {VS*&I {l$,
{VS*&II f]l tyl, {VS* IVZ C ^ {]l
l^l$MS$. {VS*&I l$l VZ 11]l {Z
# 4 ]l*$P$ (2 {$) D AO Ayl$VS$$.
]l$t# ^ lZ C^la {Z MS]l O]l ]l*]l VS$ l$. M>
{VS*&I, VZ { {MS$ yl$ ]l*$P$ Es. M>st ]l*]l r$ MS
yl$ M>Z MS _]l ]l >*. ]l VStV> ]lyl$
M>$yl]l^l$a. M> AlMSs GMS$P]l > ]l$$ MS]l^l$a.
s SZ fVS AZ ]lMS$ _ H { C_a]l lVSV> ^l*s MS
A>O MS A]lV>]l A]l. A....
f Q$, N>~M>$, N~ Q$, AMS$ Q$, Q$, Q$
llO]l sO A]lV>]l Ey.
]ll ]lMS$ E]l {]l Q$ l$ y. A....
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83,
89, 97
35 ]lMS$ ]lY Q$ l$y.
15 ]lMS$ $]l Q$ l$y.
MS*ylMS, ll, VS$M>, VS>$ lVSV> ^l$VSV>. M ll VS l]l
^l l$.
]l Z ]l$]l {$ M Q$ H JMS t $]l* s* JMS
]l$ {MS]l$Z ]l. B $ ]l* VS]l$_, Al $]l$ _]l ]l^la Q]l$
MS]l$MP. VSl 20 ]ll>$V> f$VS$l$]l l s SZ ]l$]l ]l
{]l$ s ]lQV> 9 M>$V> ]lYMS^^l$a A...
{MS]l$V> VSyl
{MS]l$V> lVSYyl
${]l$
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
lVSV> VSyl
lVSV> lVSYyl
Btlsl
{VS*
R]l*]l
Cl {$
Cyl$ JMPMSP
1. {MS]l$V> VSyl:
Z Q$ {MS]l$V> $VS$l* Es. s ]l$l ]l BV> ]l$
]lyl$ M>$V> ]lYMS^l$M]l^l$a.
A...
G) {MS]l$V> VSyl, ]l V> Eylr
) {MS]l$V> VSyl, ]l VSyl
) {MS]l$V> VSyl, ]l lVSYyl
sMS M E$
1 (G) {MS]l$V> VSyl, ]l V> Eylr:
1. 3, 7, 11, 15, 19,
4 4 4 4
O Z H yl$ Q ]l$l ]l ^l* "4' E. As { lZ "4'
^]l $VS$l$. l>l MS*y 4 V>.
f$:
19 + 4 = 23 >.
2. 7, 13, 19, 25, 31, 37,
6 6
6 6 6
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
l$.
M>st C Q ]l${MS]l$ M>l$. C {]l Q$. {MS]l$V> lVS$Yl* ]l^a.
11 l>l ]l^la {]l Q "7'.
f$:
65 + 7 = 72
2. {MS]l$V> lVSYyl:
Z Q$ {MS]l$V> lVS$Yl* Es. s ]l$l ]l BV> ]l$
]lyl$ M>$V> ]lYMS^l]l^l$a. A...
G) {MS]l$V> lVSYyl, ]l V> Eylr
) {MS]l$V> lVSYyl, ]l VSyl
) {MS]l$V> lVSYyl, ]l lVSYyl
2 (G) {MS]l$V> lVSYyl, ]l V> Eylr:
8. 90, 86, 82, 78, 74, 70,
4 4 4 4 4
O {MS]l$V> lVS$Yl$. ]l H yl$ Q ]l$l ^l* "4' (V>) E.
l>l MS*y "4' lV>Y.
f$:
70 4 = 66
9. 100, 94, 88, 82, 76, 70,
6 6 6 6 6
O {MS]l$V> lVS$Yl$. ]l H yl$ Q ]l$l ^l* "6' (V>) E.
l>l MS*y "6' lV>Y.
f$:
70 6 = 64
2 () {MS]l$V> lVSYyl, ]l VSyl:
10. 100, 98, 94, 88, 80, 70,
2 4
6 8 10
70 12 = 58
11. 80, 77, 72, 65, 56,
3 5 7 9
O {MS]l$V> lVS$Yl $. M> ]l 3, 5, 7, 9 ^]l W. l>l 11 >.
f$:
56 11 = 45
2 () {MS]l$V> lVSYyl, ]l lVSYyl:
12. 110, 100, 92, 86, 82,
10 8
16
12 8
O {MS]l$V> lWY. ]l MS*y {MS]l$V> 20, 16, 12, 8 ^]l lWY. l>l "4'
>.
f$:
144 4 = 140
14. 90, 79, 72, 67, 64,
11 7 5 3
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
r &1
r O r$t ^s..
A ]l$_
Ey.
Z ]l$_ A ]lMS$ ]l BzZ s ]l $]l$ (Z1, Y2, X3, .... B25,
A26) l Ey.
A ]l$_ Z ]lMS$ ]l hl r (As A MS$ Z, B MS$ Y.......) l Ey.
s r$ ]l O N~ A]lV>]l Ey.
O A>]l$ ^lMSPV> {MSt ^l r lV> ^l$VS$VS$.
]ll$V> A ]l$_ Z ]lMS$ ]l $]l]l$ . D ]l $]l]l$ strtyl
> l {*f]l Eyll$. lV> ]l$a$ A]lM> E. A M>MS$y MSl C_a]l
]l $]l]l$ VS$$^l$M.
A EJ O T Y
1
5 10 15 20 25
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
W, V, T, S, Q, P, N, M, ,
(I 1996)
G) I, J ) J, I
) J, K yl) K, J
D AS>]l$ s l] $]l {M> >. ..... 23, 22, 20, 19, 17, 16, 14, 13, ,
Al ]l
Hyl. D {MS]l$V> 1, 2, 1, 2, ...... ^]l lVS$Yl $.
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
G) O, K
) N, M
) P, N
yl) M, N
O Z AS>$ ]l BzZ JMSs ]l ]l$MSs ]l^a. M>st l>l P, N$
>.
]l*]l (c) P, N
5.
( 1996)
G) JQ
) KP
) JR
yl) IV
D Z AS>]l$ s ]l $]l {M> >
1,26, 3,24, 6,21,
Cl$Z lls QZ 1, 3, 6, $ ]l$V> 2, 3 ^]l V>. l>l "4'
V>. As 6 + 4 = 10 >.
y Q$ 26, 24, 21$ ]l$V> 2, 3 ^]l lV>Y. l>l "4' lV>Y. As 21
4 = 17 >.
As l>l RZ ]l$V> 10]l, 17]l AS>O]l JQ$ >.
]l*]l : JQ
6.
( 1997)
G) XYZ
) XZY
) YXZ
yl) YZX
O Z { ]lZ ]lyl$ AS>$ E. s ]l $]l {M> >
16, 15, 17 ; 19, 18, 20 ; 22, 21, 23,
O ]l Z D {VS*#Z lls Q 3 ^]l W. l>l 22 + 3 = 25
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
{MSt s
1.
2.
) GJM
yl) PSV
C M D O
, , ,
G R J ?
A, D, H, M, ,
({VS*&1 1991)
G) O, T ) N, S
) S, Z yl) U, Y
4.
D, J, P, V, B, H,
({VS*&2 2005)
G) N ) Q ) K yl) S
5.
C, G, L, R,
G) U ) S ) Y yl) Z
6. MN, LO, KP,
G) RS ) JQ
) IJ
yl) QR
7. BAT, DCV, FEX,
G) HGI ) HGZ
) HIJ yl) HGY
]l*$
1 2
5 6
G 3
7
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
r &2
r Z M MSMS A> VS$_ l$$MS$.
r Z ]l$ VS _]l AS>$ (a,b,c,....z). JMSS {MS]l$Ol$]l lZ ]l*
]l$lZ M R$ C$. B AS>$ ]l$l MS]l$MP BV> RZ
>]l AS>]l$ VS$^.
Cl$Z ]lQV> AS>$ #]l>]ll lZ ]l^la A]lM> E. As MS 2 AS>
]l$_ VSxV> B$ AS> ]l ]lMS$ Al ]l$ {MS]l$Z #]l>]ll A]l#l*
Es$$. D ]l$lZ M AS>]l$ $]l$$* s MS]l$MP]l$s$.
Cs {MS$ ]ll$V> B yl$ AS> #]l>]ll l A]l$MS$s, {
yl$ AS>]l$ JMS VSV> F^l$M. B lV> ^l]l l>l { {VS*Z l$$ls
AS JMSs Ey. RV> Ey. AVS y AS> ^. CMSPyl RV>
E]l ]l$ B* AS> N^. JMSl B lV> MS$s ]lylS> ]l,
$VS$, Il$, B$, AS>$ F^l$M l$$ls AS l$$l$M _]l AS ]lMS$
^. B* Z Al AS>$ Ey. R Ey. BV>
R$]l^r H AS>$ ]l* $V> MS]l$MP]l^l$a.
M E$
1.
_bc_bca_ _a_cab_ab_
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
a) aabbcc b) aabcbcc
c) aabcbc d) aacbbcc
a) bdbda
c) dbbca
b) bddca
d) bbdac
VSlZ ]l_a]l {$
1.
abc_d_bc_d_b_cda
a) bacde b) cdabe
c) dacab d) decdb
abcdd / abccd / abbcd / a
]l*]l: (c) dacab.
2.
ba_b_aab_a_b
a) abaa b) abba
c) baab d) babb
baab / baab / baab
]l*]l: (b) abba.
3.
gfe_ig _eii_fei_gf_ii
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
a) eifgi b) figie
c) ifgie d) ifige
gfeii / gfeii / gfeii / gfeii
]l*]l: (c) ifgie
4.
mnonopq opqrs _ _ _ _ _
a) mnopq b) oqrst
c) pqrst d) qrstu
mno / nopq / opqrs / pqrst
]l*]l: (c) pqrst
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
r &3
]lMS A>$
BVS AS>$&26. sZ A, E, I, O, U Al 5 AS>$
A^l$a$ (Vowels), $W]l 21 AS>$ $$
(Consonants).
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
G
+3
J
+3
M
+3
P
+3
S
+3
R
5
M
H
C X
5
5 5
D
+2
G
+3
K
+4
P
+5
V
+6
+2
+2
+2
+2
Q
J
+2 2
S
H
+2
]l*]l: RSH
E: NLK, JHG, , BZY.
F
4
B
H
4
D
4
Z
4
G
4
C
4
Y
]l*]l: FDC
E: NLK, JHG, , YWV
]l*]l:
N
E
6
Y
C
6
W
G
5
B
6
V
]l*]l: ECB
E: AZBY, CXDW, , GTHS
+2
R
+2
T
+2
+2
E
+2
G
+2
D
+2
F
+2
H
+2 +2
S
+2
U
+2
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
]l*]l: RESF
E: BDFH, EHKJ, , KPUN, NTZP
+3
H
+3
K
+3
N
+3
+4
L
+4
P
+4
T
+4
J
+2
L
+2
N
+2
P
+5 +2
P
+5
U
+5
Z
+5
]l*]l: HLPL
E: A, B, D, H,
+3
J
+3
M
+3
+3
O
+3
R
+3
+3
R
+3
U
+3
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
+8
+4
+8
H L T S
L P X W
M>st ]l*]l: G
E: MS {>MS ]lZ Ey]l AS H?
C M D O
, , ,
G R J ?
G) V ) S ) T yl) M
({VS*&I {l$, 2002)
]l*]l: AS> {MS]l$ Q ]l$l ]l$ VS]l$...
+4
+5
+6
C
G, M
R, D
J
+7
ii)
X, W, V,
M>st l>l AS
+1
U
V
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
]l*]l: V
E: Z, D, H, , T
A Z, E D, I H, U T
M>st ]l*]l
1
O
N
]l*]l: N
E: O, T, T, F, F, , S
]l*]l: D AS> One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven Al Z
lls AS>$.
]l*]l: S
E: S, M, T, W, T, , S
]l*]l: D AS> Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday,
Firday, SaturdayZ lls AS>$.
]l*]l: F
E: J, F, M, A, M, , J.
]l*]l: D AS> January, February, March, April, May, June, July
Z lls AS>$.
]l*]l: J
E: A, CD, GHI, , UVWXY
A
CD
+2
GHI
+3
MNOP
+4
UVWXY
+5
]l*]l: MNOP
E: MS sZ ]lOl$l?
({VS*&I {l$, 2003)
G) DGJM ) TWZ
) FHKN yl) XADG
]l*]l: { lZ ]l$ AS> {MS]l$Q ]l$l ]l$ VS]l$..
+3
+3
+3
D
G
J
M
+3
+3
+3
Q
T
W
Z
+2
+3
+3
F
H
K
N
+3
+3
+3
X
A
D
G
]l*]l:
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]lz Ai&1
D A>MS Ar* l$. Z { AO MS A]lV>]l Ey. { V>
MS, { jMS$tMS$ _ A]lV>]l Ey. l>$, >f]l$$, MS, >$, l
AlS$$, >l$$, {]l]l${l$$, l M> $, $ ^l ]l$$, yl
]l$]l#$, {MSyl$, s$, sZ V>$... C ^lMS$r* l A]llOl$]l
A>$s$$. { sO Ml gq]l Ey. Cl$Z M A> VS$_
.
l>$ & >f]l$$
3. ^O l : l : : V>l : ........
G) y ) *$$
) M> yl) sM>
]l*]l "yl'
O^l MS l. Al lV> V>l MS sM>.
4. Aj s : : : {h : ........
G) ) yl$
) $ yl) *$$
]l*]l "'
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G) M> ) l*
]l*]l "'
) lVS
yl) yl]l#
$ & $ yl ]l$]l#$
$ & ^l
(Workers and Working place)
yl) S
yl) Eyl$ :
]l*]l "'
yl) A
(Time Sequence)
sVS$_ l$$M
l yljs, O yljs, > yljs, ]l]l]l$VS S MS{$, g$ $P$, h$
s ]lQ rt$, l $ A>$, ]lMS $, ... C A, C A M>l$
# ]l$ *O A]lV>]l MSW Ey.
s r$ {MSyl$, {MSyM>$$, s$, ]llM>$$ (Dances), A H {MS
_]l, ]l*]l]l#Z l lVS$, B {$, $, ]ll$$ l$$lVS$ sO r$t
^.
Cs ]lMS$ {_]l M A>Z, { A>MS JMSs, yl$ E$ ]l*{ll$
^lMS$. B A>MS$ _ N ]l>$ l$aMyl. l]l ^l$yl. f$
$l. t MS.
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]lz Ai&2
]lz Ai
]lz AiZ MS*y ]ll$ yl$ $ C$. D
]l$l Gs l E MS]l$MP, {Z VS ]ly
MS, BlZ VS H l As l E
MS]l$MP, ]l* ]lV> VS$^.
VSlZ l s SZ ]lz AiO ]l$]l {]l$
_, B* ]l$l MS lV> ^lM]l^l$a. A
]lMS $, ]l*]l A>$, l>$ & >f]l$$, l>$ & MS, >$ &
>f]l$$, l AlS$$, >l$$, {]l ]l${l$$, l M> $, $ ^l
]l$$, $ yl ]l$]l#$, l M> ]l$]l#$, sZ V>$.. C ^l#l* l
G A>$ Es.
MS$r$:
1. ^l{l$yl$ : E{VS : : *$ : ____
G) *$yl$ ) {VS
) MS$r$ yl) Bt>yl
]l*]l : ()
^l{l$yl$ E{VSOl$l, *$ {VS A]l#l$.
2. *$yl$ : *$ : : *$ : _____
G) {VS ) E{VS
) ^l{l$yl$ yl) *$yl$
]l*]l : ()
*$ ^l$r*t *$ $VS$l$. Al lV> *$ ^l$r*t ^l{l$yl$ $VS$yl$.
{MS:
3. #]l# : lVSY : : lMSP : _____
(Zr l$lgl$s 1996)
G) l l] ) $_
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{]l*$ (Units)
6. l* : MSZ$r$ : : M> : ____
G) VSr$) ]l$$
) VSyl* yl) O]l
]l*]l : (G)
l* {]l* MSZ$r$ Al lV> M> {]l* VSr
_____
$&$ yl ]l$]l#$:
10.
yMSt : PlP : : Ol$ : _____
G) ]l]l$ ) r$
) ]l yl) VS
]l*]l : (yl)
yMSt yl ]l$]l# PlP. Al lV> Ol$ yl ]l$]l# VS.
$&$ ^l :
11.
Eyl$ : u> : : yMSt : ___
G) Oll ) C$
) r yl) ]l$l$$
]l*]l : ()
Eyl$ ^l u>. Al lV> yMSt ^l r
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$& El]l$:
12.
l j : ^M>P : : ^ll : _____
G) ]l$ ) M>Wl
) ]l]l yl) O]l
]l*]l : ()
lj ^M>P]l$ l*$^lyl$. AVS ^ll ]l]l]l$ l*$^lyl$. (>yl$).
]lz AiZ >]lyMS A]lM> E]l {$, VSlZ ]l_a]l {]l$ ^. ]lz
Ai As Cs ]lMS$ ^lMS$]l A> M>]l#. f]l tylZ VS H A ]l$O^l ]lz
AiZ { >]l^l$a.
]l* {$
1.
Engagement : Marriage : : ____ : _____ ({VS*&1 2008 {l$)
a) Talk : Exaggeration
b) Success : Failure
c) Explosion : Destruction
d) Boy : Man
2.
Good : Excellent : : _____ : _____
({VS*&1 2008)
a) Hill : Mountain
b) Bad : Immoral
c) Jealousy : Respect
d) Caution : Careless
3.
Liquor : Drink Al l JMS MSOl$]l , MS flZ, H
$ l$g?
({VS*&1 2008)
a) Tea : Beverage
b) Bread : Jam
c) Snuff : Inhale
d) Cloths : Beauty
4. JMS yMSt MS]l V> ]l$^l $yl. Al JMS AM>/ lMS {$$?
({VS*&1 2007)
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G) VSl]l) ^lrt
) l yl) $
5. #MS llr "*$MS' ]l$. #MS _]lZ ]l^la?
({VS*&1 2007)
G) l) E
) Elyl) $*_MS
6. BMS$^la >MSMSZ, ]ly *_^lyMS VS$$. O]lZ ]lS{$/ t$ l
*_?
({VS*&1 2007)
G) Z)
) S yl) Alt
7. ^ Ol>lZ E. >MS V>zl GMSPyl E?
({VS*&1 2007)
G) Ai ) Z
) l yl) ^llVSl
8.
({VS*&1 1983&84)
a) Bloodb) Calcium
c) Marrowd) Veins
9.
Letter : _____ : : ____ : Sentence
({VS*&1 1983&84)
a) Mail, Words
b) Word, Phrase
c) Correspondence, Court
d) Alphabets, Words
10.
______ is to sentence as sentence is to ______
a) Crime, Judgement
b) Word, Paragraph
c) Jurry, Prose
d) Words, Legal
]l*$
1 2 G 3 G 4 G 5
6 G 7 yl 8 9 10
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]l- Ay r A--h
]l$]l Cl-MS$-]ll$ ]lz A--h VS$_ ^la^l$-MS$-. D u>Z B--s A--h,
l- A--h- VS$_ l$a-MS$. C {VS* 1 l$-l--Z]l*, {VS* 2 f]l-- tyl--Z-]l*
l-MS$y ]l$-]l A>$.
A--s A--h
D -VSZ ]l^la {-$ lVSV> ^l*-s CW- B---s O ]l$_ r$t ^--. D
MS A>--O N-~ A]l-V>--]l ^l$-M--.
A ]l$_ Z ]l-MS$; Z ]l$_ A ]l--MS$ lVSV> ^ll-]l-VS--V>-.
A ]l$_ Z ]l-MS$ s ]l --$-]l-$ (Position numbers) As A-1, B-2, C-3,
........... X-24, Y-25, Z-26 A lr-l ^l-VS--V>-.
Z ]l$_ A ]l-MS$ s -VS-]l$-]l ]l --$-]l-$ (Position numbers in reverse
order) As Z-1, Y-2, X-3, .........C-24, B-25, A-26 A lVSV> ^l-VS--V>.
CW--Z A^l$a--$ (Vowels) A, E, I, O, U$ l$a-M--.
CW-$ AS->- ]l --$-]l-$ $-V> l$a-M-]l-yl, VS$$^l$-M-]l-yl VS$_ r- --- BtMS--Z E-. -B---s A--h-Z ]ll$-V> JMS fl AS->- ]l- C-$. s ]l$l
E]l - MS]l$-MP-, Al l E]l ]l$ fl AS->- --]l-- ]l*--]lV>
VS$^-.
M E----$
1)
ABC : GHI : : MNO : ______
a) RST b) STU
c) TUV d) UVW
]l*--]l (b)
ll-s {VS*#- ABCZ { AS- 6 -$ ]ll$-MS$ f-V>-.
A ]l--$-]l 1; 1 + 6 = 7 = G
B ]l--$-]l 2; 2 + 6 = 8 = H
C ]l--$-]l 3; 3 + 6 = 9 = I
AllV> MNOZ { AS- 6 $ ]ll$-MS$ f-V>-.
M ]l--$-]l 13; 13 + 6 = 19 = S
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N ]l--$-]l 14; 14 + 6 = 20 = T
O ]l--$-]l 15; 15 + 6 = 21 = U
M>]l#-]l ]l*--]l STU
2)
ACE : DFH : : PRT : ______
a) SUWb) VXZ
c) RTV d) UWY
]l*--]l (a)
$.
Al--lV> BeF]l$ bEfV> >$-]l-^l$a.
5)
NPRT : MKIG : : ______ : ______
a) ACEG : ZXVT
b) ACEG : ZWVT
c) ACFG : ZXVT
d) ADEG : ZXVT
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]l*--]l (a)
ll-s {VS*# NPRT Z- { AS->- -VS-]l$-]l ]l--$-]l {M>-, B AS->- >->-$.
N ]l--$-]l 14; -VS-]l$-]l ]l--$-]l
27 4 = 13
13]l AS- M
P ]l--$-]l 16; -VS-]l$-]l ]l--$-]l
27 16 = 11
11]l AS- K
R ]l--$-]l 18; -VS-]l$-]l ]l--$-]l
27 18 = 9
9]l AS- I
T ]l--$-]l 20; -VS-]l$-]l ]l--$-]l
27 20 = 7
7]l AS- G
M>]l#-]l NPRT]l$ MKIG-V> >>-$.
Al--lV> ACEG-Z
A ]l--$-]l 1; -VS-]l$-]l ]l--$-]l
27 1 = 26
26]l AS- Z
C ]l--$-]l 3; -VS-]l$-]l ]l--$-]l
27 3 = 24
24]l AS- X
E ]l--$-]l 5; -VS-]l$-]l ]l--$-]l
27 5 = 22
22]l AS- V
G ]l--$-]l 7; -VS-]l$-]l ]l--$-]l
27 7 = 20
20]l AS- T
M>]l#-]l ]l*--]l ACEG : ZXVT A]l#-l$.
Note :
A ]l$_ Z ]l-MS$ s ]l--$-]l-$ A-1, .......Z-26 A l$a-MS$s ^$. -VS-]l$-]l
]l--$-]l-$ Z-1, ..... A-26 A l$a-M-]l-]l A]l-- l$.
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E :
A ]l--$-]l 1, -VS-]l$-]l ]l--$-]l
27 1 = 26 A]l#-l$.
M ]l--$-]l 13, -VS-]l$-]l ]l--$-]l
27 13 = 14 A]l#-l$.
T ]l--$-]l 20, -VS-]l$-]l ]l--$-]l
27 20 = 7 A]l#-l$.
6)
MNO : NPR : : ______ : ______
a) RST : SUW b) RST : SUV
c) RST : STU d) RST : TVX
]l*--]l (a)
ll-s {VS*# MNOZ ll-s AS- JMS ]l, yl-]l AS- yl$ -$, ]lyl-]l A-S-
Al--lV>
RSTZ
R + 1 = 19 = S
S + 2 = 21 = U
T + 3 = 23 = W
M>]l#-]l ]l*--]l RST : SUW A]l#--l$.
7)
IJK : KHM : : PQR : ______
a) ROT b) ROP
c) RST d) RTV
]l*--]l (a)
ll-s {VS*# IJKZ ll-s AS- yl$ $, y AS- yl$ -$ l]l-MS-MS$,
K + 2 = 13 = M
Al--lV>
P + 2 = 18 = R
Q 2 = 15 = O
R + 2 = 20 = T
M>]l#-]l ]l*--]l ROT A]l#--l$.
8)
EGIK : FILO : : FHJL : ______
a) GMJP b) GJMP
c) JGMP d) JGPM
]l*--]l (b)
ll-s {VS*# EGIKZ ll-s AS- JMS ]l, y AS- yl$ -$, ]ly A-S-
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MylV Ay ylMylV&3
]l MylV
Cl$-Z
lV> C]l-]l-^l$a.
BVSlZ-
MS$-#-l*-/-VS$--* ]l_a-]l Q- ]l$_ lZ- AS->- -Q-]l$ MS--yl M>... -l-$yl M>... VS$^l-yl M>... W^l-yl M> ^l$-]l^l$a.
M E$ :
1. JMS {lMSOl$]l Myl Z TREATMENT]l$ 123415361V> >, Al Z
RENT]l$ H l V> >?
a) 1234
b) 2361
c) 1261
d) 2316
]l*--]l (b)
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]l*--]l (a)
Al lZ- AS->- --]l--$-]l-$ S-19, A-1, K-11, S-19, H-8, I-9
]l$ Myl-V> >*. Al--lV> NEWS > N-14, E-5, W-23, S-19 A]l#-l$.
NEWS 14 - 5 - 23 - 19
3. JMS {lMSOl$]l Myl Z TEACHER ]l$ 7-22-26-24-19-22-9V> > Al Myl--Z STUDENT H l V> > $?
a) 19-20-21-4-5-14-20
b) 20-14-5-4-21-20-19
c) 8-7-6-23-22-13-7
d) 8-7-6-4-5-14-20
]l*--]l (c)
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TEACHER Al lZ- AS->-]l$ VS]l$]l Z --]l--$-]l-$ T-7, E-22, A26, C-24, H-19, E-22, R-9]l$ MylV> *^l$M. AVS STUDENT
]l*--]l (d)
SUPER Al lZ- AS->- --]l-$]l- ll 79.
SUPER = 19 + 21 + 16 + 5 + 18 = 79
]l*--]l (b)
RUN Al lZ- AS->- --]l--$-]l- ll ]l$_ AS->- Q--]l$ l 50
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]l$.
RUN = 18 + 21 + 14 = 53,
53 - 3 = 50
]l*--]l (a)
VICTORY Al lZ- AS->- --]l--$-]l-$ A MS- - AS->- Q-
W^l-V> 16 ]l$.
VICTORY = 22 + 9 + 3 + 20 + 15 + 18 + 25 = 112
112/7 = 16
Cl$-Z {---- Myl -Z ]l$-MS l *_^. ]l$]l-MS$ M>--]l - D Myl-Z H l *_^-- ]l$]l l$-$-M--.-
M E$ :
1. M>-W-- #-MSV>-..., #-M>- ]l$-V>..., -]l$--]l$ Z$z-V>-..., Z$z-]l$ l--VS- VS-V>- --,
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]l$]l l- >?
a) #-MS
b) -]l$
c) -Z-$z
d) -M>-W-l
]l*--]l (c)
C-s {-$ -]l-_a-]l--yl$- ]l-l$-V> _]l--Z E]l {-MS$ ]l$]l-MS$ l--]l -Z ]l*-]l MS]l$-MP--.
]l$]l l- >? & ]l$
D ]l$-]l$ H]l$- $-- C-_a-]l ]lZ ^-. ]l$-]l$ Z$z-V> $--$ A
E. M>-st ]l$]l Z$z- >.
2. JMS-l- s- -VS$-V>-..., -VS$-]l$ G$-#-V>-..., G$-#-]l$ l$-#-V>-..., l$-#-]l$ BM>V>-..., BM>->- ]lV>..., ]l>- BMS$--^la-VS$-V>-..., BMS$--^la--VS$-]l$ V>--V>- -,
$ H VS$-Z Es-.
a) -B-M>-
b) l-$-#
c) -G-$-#
d) -]l-
]l*--]l (a)
& -l-$-#
l$-#-]l$ BM>-V>- $--$.
M>-st $ BM>- VS$-Z Es-.
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MylV Ay yl MylV&4
D l*ylZ yl$, ]lyl$ $VS$ CX$ M>$
C$. s ]l*MSV> Myl Z M>$ C$.
l>l CX M>Z H JMS , Myl Z l
*_$ A { Ayl$VS$$.
CMSPyl ]lQV> VS]l$^]l $ CX MS >, Myl MS > JMS
lV> Eyll$. CXZ lls , MylZ lls lV> ^l >l$. CMSPyl
AylW]l l, H$ M>Z M>]l$lV> ]l_a ^l*, B M>MS$ _]l Myl
M>Z M>]l$lV> E]l $M.
E$
1. JMS {lMSOl$]l Myl Z `Ra We Pa' As `He is coming' ; `Pa Ta Me'
As `She is eating' Al B Myl Z `is' ]l$ H l *_?
a) Ra
c) Pa
b) We
d) Me
]l*]l : "c"
`is' Al l yl$ CX M>Z M>]l$lV> ]l_a. D yl$ M>Z MS*y `is'
$]l l H l MS*y M>]l$lV> l$. M>st `is' MS$ _]l Myl MS*y B yl$
Myl M>Z Er$.
yl$ Myl M>Z M>]l$lV> ]l_a]l l `Pa'. M>st `is' ]l$ B Myl Z `Pa' ^l
*_.
2. JMS {lMSOl$]l Myl Z `ni tim si' As `how are you?' ; `ble ni si' As
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b) ni
d) tim
]l*]l : "a"
`where' Al
l y MSZ E. y MSZ `where' $]l $VS A
]l*]l : "b"
lls, y M>Z M>]l$lV> E]l l `Juice'. Al lV> M>]l$lV> E]l Myl
`see' M>st `Juice' ]l$ `see' *_.
y, ]ly M>Z M>]l$lV> E]l l `is'. AllV> M>]l$lV> E]l Myl `lee'.
M>st `is' ]l$ `lee' *_.
yl]l MSZ `juice' ]l$ `see' ]l$ `is' ]l$ `lee' *_.
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b) nie
c) pie
d) ^l
]l*]l : "a"
lls, y M>Z M>]l$lV> E]l l `some', M>]l$lV> E]l Myl `nie' As
`some' ]l$ `nie' Al Myl *_.
lls, ]ly M>Z M>]l$lV> E]l l `good'. M>]l$lV> E]l Myl `pie'.
M>st lls MSZ `some' ]l$ `nie' , `good' l]l$ `pie' *_ $W]l
l `jokes' ]l$ `bi' *_.
5. JMS {lMSOl$]l Myl Z "247' As `spread red carpet', "256' As `dust
one carpet', "236' As `one red carpet', Al B Myl Z `dust' ]l$
l *_?
a) 2
c) 5
b) 3
d) 6
]l*]l : "c"
lls, y M>Z M>]l$lV> E]l l `carpet', M>]l$lV> E]l Myl `2',
`carpet' ]l$ `2' *_.
6. JMS Myl Z "479' As `fruit is sweet', 248 As `very sweet voice', 637
As `eat fruit daily'. A$$l B Myl Z is ]l$ l *_$?
a) 7
b) 9
c) 4
d) ^l
]l*]l : "b"
l$$ls, y M>Z M>]l$lV> E]l l `sweet', M>]l$lV> E]l Myl "4' M>st
`sweet' ]l$ 4
*_.
l$$ls, ]ly M>Z M>]l$l E]l l "fruit', M>]l$lV> E]l Myl 7, M>st sweet
]l$ "7' *_.
l$$ls MSZ $W]l l `is', M>st is ]l$ "9' *_.
7. JMS {lMSOl$]l Myl Z "256' As `red colour chalk'. "589' As `green
colour flower', 245 As `white colour chalk' A$$l Al Myl Z `white'
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6
]l*]l : "b"
]ly MSZ white $]l $VS A $ l$$ls MSZ E$$. M>st
`white'MS$ _]l Myl $]l $VS A Myl* l$$ls Z Es$$. ]ly
MS Myl 245 Z 2, 5 $ l$$ls MylZ E$$. M>st `white' Myl "4' A]l#l$.
8. JMS {lMSOl$]l Myl Z "157' As `mother always affectionate', "619' As
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b) 6
c) 1
d) ^l
]l*]l : "b"
l$$ls, y MSZ M>]l$lV> E]l l `always', M>]l$lV> E]l Myl "1' M>st
`always' ]l$ "1' *_. y, ]ly M>Z M>]l$lV> E]l l
`fortunate', M>]l$lV> E]l Myl 9.
b) and
d) equality
]l*]l : "b"
l$$ls Myl "268' Z "2' $]l 6,8 $ ]ly, y M>Z ]l^a$$. M>st "2' $]l
6, 8 A$ $ ]ly, y M>Z ]l$$. l$$ls MSZ Eyl, ]ly,
y M>Z l `and' M>st Myl "2' ]l$ and *_$.
10. JMS {lMSOl$]l Myl Z "253' As `books are old'. "546' As `man is old',
"378' As `buy good books'. B Myl Z are ]l$ l *_$.
a) 2
b) 4
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c) 5
d) 6
]l*]l : "a"
`books are old' Z `are' $]l $VS yl$ $ y, ]ly M>Z
]l^a$$. Al l V> Myl 253 Z "2' $]l 5, 3 $ $VS yl$ M>Z ]l^a$$
M>]l#]l `are' Myl "2' A]l#l$.
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*_$?
G) QDZBG ) SFBDI
) SFDEI yl) O]l
]l*]l : ()
GOAL Al lZ { AS> l>l AS *_^$.
G O AL
H PB M
A]l#l$.
3. JMS {lMS Myl Z SIGMA]l$ T K J Q FV> > Al Myl Z OMEGA]l$
H lV> >$?
G) POHKF ) PNFHB
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]l*]l: ()
{ yl$ AS>]l$ $]l*$ ^l* >>$.
5. JMS {lMS Myl Z ENGLISH]l$ HSILGNEV> > Al Myl Z
TELUGU]l$ H lV> >$?
G) WHOXJX ) ETULUG
) UGULET yl) ^l
]l*]l: ()
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VSl SZ ]l_a]l {$
WORD
G) YPTF ) YQTF
) YQSE yl) YQTE
5.
BLIST
G) DNKOV ) DNKVQ
) DNKKU yl) DNKUV
6.
CLOSE
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G) ENQUG ) ENQVG
) EQNUG yl) ENOUG
]l*$: 4) 5) yl 6) G
*^l]lZ C_a]l BVS l, MS _]l Myl ]l$ { AS yl$
$ ]ll$MS$ fW]lr$ l$$.
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MylV Ay ylMylV&6
VSl _MSZ AS> {$$ (Letter Series) Al A>MS
_]l {l$MS * $, M E]l$
^la^. D _MSZ Cl A>MS ylW#V> CodingDecoding Al A> ^la. HOl JMS ]l*^>
'A' Al ]lMS (Sender) ]l$_ 'B' Al ]lMSMS (Receiver)
^]l$MS$. B ]l*^> All VV> E^]l A]l El]l$M.
As B ]l*^> A, B$ $]l H Cl ]lMS MS*y A ^l$M lV> ]l*>a.
As B ]l*^ > 'A' Al ]lMS MylVS ^l 'B' Al ]lMSMS yl$. 'B' Al ]lMS
ylMylVS ^l AO]l ]l*^> >r$tMS$syl$. MylVS, ylMylVSMS _]l
]l$]l$ ^ s AS> {$Z ]l$]l ^la_]l ]lMS *]l$ ]l$
]l$]l]l ^l$Myl.
E: JMS Myl Z 'PARTNER' Al MS Myl 'OZQSMDQ' Al
'SEGMENT'MS Myl H$s?
]l*]l: llr ]l$]l H $]l$ {M> 'PARTNER' Al l 'OZQSMDQ'V>
Myl ^l> VS$^. As l Z MylVS $]l* (Coding pattern)
VS$^. Al $]l* A]l$_ 'SEG MENT' Al l Myl]l$ VS$^.
P
D Q
1 1 1 1
1
R
N T
M S
1 1 1 1
]l*]l: RDFLDMS
E: JMS Myl Z 'REJECTION'MS Myl 'SGMIHZPWW'
'MECHANIC' Myl H$s?
]l*]l:
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Al
R E
G M I
+1 +2 +3 +4 +5
O N
W W
+6 +7 +8 +9
E C
G F
+1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8
]l*]l: NGFLFTPK
E: 'PROMOTION' Myl QSP89 Al 'DEMOTION' Myl H$s?
( {VS*&I, {l$ & 2004)
]l*]l:
P
R O
S P
+1 +1 +1
O T
89
+1 +1
O T
89
]l*]l: EF89
E: JMS Myl Z 'SUMMER', 'RUNNER' Al 'WINTER' Myl H$s?
W I
0 +1
0 0
+1
Cl lV>...
0 +1
0 0
+1
]l*]l: VIOUER
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-1 -1
G
-1 -1
-1
-1 -1
-1
-1
]l*]l : GSQNM
E: ''DIFFERENT'' My 'FIDREFTNE' Al "SIMILARLY'' My H$s?
E:
'BREAKTHROUGH'
'DISTRIBUTION' My H$s?
My 'EAOUG
RBRGHKT'
Al
H$s?
]l*]l: C_a]l {VSZ "4' AS>$ Eylrr$V> ]lyl$ V>$V> h_,
{ VSZ AS>]l$ ]lMSZ > My l Hyl.
CORP ORAT IONS .........
1 2
3
PROC TARO SNOI
Cl lV>
JUDI CIAL IDUJ LAIC
1
2
]l*]l : IDUJLAIC
E: JMS My Z 'TANK'MS My 'SZOL', 'FRIEND'MS My 'EQHFOE' Al
i) 'RING', 'FROG', 'ZENITH' My$ H$s?
ii) 'DEMAND', 'RATE' Al $ lsMS My$?
(Group - I, Model Paper - 2007)
-1 +1
AVS
+1
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-1 -1
+1 +1
+1
MylV $]l$: C_a]l yl$ ]l*]l V>$ ^l lls VSZ AS> ]l$_ JMS
]l l]lMSP, y VSZ AS> ]l$_ JMS ]l ]ll$MS l My l Hyl. Cl
$]l$ A]l$_...
R
-1 +1
+1
'RING' MS My 'QHOH'
F
-1 +1
+1
'FROG'MS My 'EQPH'
Z
-1 -1
Y
+1 +1
+1
'ZENITH' MS My 'YDMJUI
E
-1 -1
D
+1 +1
+1
'DEMAND' Al 'EFNZMC'
S
-1 +1
+1
'RATE' Al 'SBSD' MS My
E: 'MACHINE' My 19 7 9 14 15 20 11. Al DANGER
My H$s?
]l*]l:
'MACHINE' Z B* AS> ]l $]l$ ]l$V>..13, 1, 3, 8, 9, 14, 5. D
l] $]lMS$ "6' MS > My Hyl. As 19 & 7 & 9 & 14 & 15 & 20 & 11.
Cl l V> 'DANGER' lZ AS> {MS]l$Q$ ]l$V> 4, 1, 14, 7, 5, 18.
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MylVS Ay ylMylVS&7
E: JMS Myl Z CAT Myl 24. DOG Myl 26 Al
COW Myl?
]l*]l: 'CAT' lZ AS> {MS]l$ Q$ = 3, 1, 20
s ll = 3 + 1 + 20 = 24
lZ AS> {MS]l$ Q ll = 4 + 15 + 7
'DOG'
= 26
Cl l V> 'COW' lZ AS> {MS]l$ Q ll = 3 + 15 + 23 = 41
]l*]l : 41
E: 'CAT' Myl 60, 'DOG' Myl 420, Al COW Myl ?
]l*]l: 'CAT' Z AS> {MS]l$ Q = 3 1 20 = 60
'DOG'Z AS> {MS]l$
Q =
4 15 7 = 420
Cl l V> 'COW' lZ = 3 15 23 = 1035
]l*]l: 1035
E: 'ACE' Myl 81, BAD Myl 49 Al ADD Myl ?
]l*]l: 'ACE'Z AS> {MS]l$Q$ = 1, 3, 5
s ll ]lY = (1 + 3 + 5)2 = 92 = 81
'BAD'Z AS> {MS]l$ Q ll ]lY = ( 2 + 1 + 4)2 = 72 = 49
Cl MylVS ]l {M> ADD Myl =
(1 + 4 + 4)2 = 92 = 81
]l*]l: 81
E: 'ACE' Myl 35, BAD Myl 21 Al ADD Myl ?
]l*]l: 'ACE'Z AS> {MS]l$ Q ]l>Y ll
= 12 + 32 + 52 = 1 + 9 + 25 = 35
'BAD'Z AS> {MS]l$Q ]l>Y ll
= 22 + 12 + 42 = 4 + 1 + 16 = 21
Cl ]l {M> 'ADD' Myl =
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12 + 42 + 42 = 1 + 16 + 16 = 33
]l*]l: 33
E: 'ACE' Myl 72, 'BAD' Myl 74 Al CAT Myl ?
]l*]l: 'ACE'Z AS> {MS]l$Q$ ]lMS Z
= 27 1, 27 3, 27 5
= 26, 24, 22
s ll = 26 + 24 + 22 = 72
'BAD'Z = 27 2, 27 1, 27 4
= 25, 26, 23
s ll = 25 + 26 + 23 = 74
Cl l V> 'CAT' Myl
= (27 3) + (27 1) + (27 20)
= 24 + 26 + 7 = 57
]l*]l: 57
E: 'CRICKET' Myl 3993252, 'ROCKET' Myl 963252 Al 'PACKET' Myl ?
]l*]l: 'CRICKET'Z AS> {MS]l$Q$ = 3, 18, 9, 3, 11, 5, 20
12 + 15 + 18 + 18 + 25 = 88
'LORRY'Z AS> Q = 5
Myl = 88 5 = 440
AVS 'TRAINS' Myl
= (20 + 18 + 1 + 9 + 14 + 19)6
= 81 6 = 486
]l*]l: 486
E: IS + WAS = 71 Al ARE + WERE = ?
]l*]l: IS, WASZ AS> {MS]l$ Q ll
= 9 + 19 + 23 + 1 + 19 = 71
Cl l V> ARE + WERE =
1 + 18 + 5 + 23 + 5 + 18 + 5 = 75
E: APPLE = 10, ORANGE = 12
Al PINEAPPLE = ?
]l*]l: 'APPLE'Z AS> Q = 5,
5 2 = 10
'ORANGE'Z AS> Q = 6,
6 2 = 12
Cl l V> PINEAPPLE = 9 2 = 18
]l*]l: 18
E: CONTROL = 82, RUNNER = 58 Al HYDERABAD = ?
]l*]l: 'CONTROL'Z AS> {MS]l$Q$ = 3, 15, 14, 20, 18, 15, 12 .
yl$$ ]l_a]l 'O' Al AS {MS]l$Q]l$ JMS VS_ As MS*yll...
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3 + 15 + 14 + 20 + 18 + 12 = 82
'RUNNER'Z AS> {MS]l$Q]l$ MS*y O l V> MS*yll... 18 + 21 + 14 + 5 = 58
Cl l V> HYDERABAD Myl =
8 + 25 + 4 + 5 + 18 + 1 + 2 = 63
]l*]l = 63
E: ECONOMY = 30, HISTORY = 44 Al GEOGRAPHY = ?
]l*]l: 'ECONOMY'Z AS> {MS]l$Q$ ]l$V>... 5, 3, 15, 14, 15, 13, 25.
D {MS]l$QZ JMSr (units place) l] Z E]l AMS]l$ ]l*{ll$ MS*yll... 5 + 3 + 5
+ 4 + 5 + 3 + 5 = 30
'HISTORY'Z AS> {MS]l$Q$...
8, 9, 19, 20, 15, 18, 25
sZ MS*y JMSr ]lZ E]l AMS]l$ ]l*{ll$ MS*yll... 8+9+9+0+5+8+5 = 44
'GEOGRAPHY'Z AS> {MS]l$Q$ ]l$V>... 7, 5, 15, 7, 18, 1, 16, 8, 25
O MylVS ]l {M> Myl =
7 + 5 + 5 + 7 + 8 + 1 + 6 + 8 + 5 = 52
]l*]l: 52
E: MANGO = 20, PINEAPPLE = 44 Al ORANGE = ?
({VS*&1 l$l, 2008)
]l*]l: O {Z MylVS l D {MS* ]l^l^l$a. 'ORANGE'
lZ AS> {MS]l$Q$.. 15, 18, 1, 14, 7, 5. sZ JMSr ]lZ Eyl AMS]l$
MS*yll... 5 + 8 + 1 + 4 + 7 + 5 = 30
]l*]l = 30
E: E=5, HOTEL=12 Al LAMB=?
]l*]l: 'E' {MS]l$Q = 5 = 5/1
'HOTEL'Z AS> {MS]l$Q ll = 8 + 15 + 20 + 5 + 12 = 60
'HOTEL'Z AS> Q = 5
60/5 = 12
Cl MylV ]l {M> 'LAMB'Z AS>$ {MS]l$Q ll = 12 + 1 + 13 + 2
= 28.
'LAMB'Z AS> Q = 4
LAMB My = 28/4 = 7
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H U R
+2 +2 +2 +2 +2
W T
+2
+2 +2
Q P
O N
2 2 2 2 2 2
]l*]l: HONESTY
E: REQUST = S2R52TU Al 'ACID'MS My ?
]l*]l: 'REQUEST' My
+1
+1
R S, E 2, Q R, U 5,
+1
+1
E 2, S T, T U
V> My ^l>$.
+1
+1
A 1, C D, I 3, D E
]l*]l: 1D3E
E: JMS My Z 'LADY' My B6A1B2A13 Al INDIA My?
(18 + 14 + 20) 5 = 52 5 = 47
ROCKETZ MS*y... (18 + 3 +11+ 20) (15 + 5) = 52 20 = 32
M>st CRICKET My
= (3 + 18 + 3 + 11 + 20) (9 + 5)
= 55 14 = 41
]l*]l: 41
E: 'PARENT' My BDFGJK, 'CHILDREN My MOXQUFGJ Al
'REPRINT' My ?
]l*]l: C_a]l l> {lMSOl$]l MylV ]l]l$r* H$ l
t]l$]l#. CMSPyl JMS AS> CM ASV> My ^l>$. D MSOl$]l MylV]l$
"Direct Letter to Letter Coding" As$. M>st REPRINT My =
FGBFXJK
]l*]l: FGBFXJK
E: TWENTY = 863985, ELEVEN = 323039 Al TWELVE = ?
]l*]l: CMSPyl MS*y Direct Letter to Letter Coding ^l> A ^l$M]l^l$a.
As
T 8, W 6, E 3, N 9, Y 5, L 2, V OV> My ^l>$.
M>st TWELVE = 863203
]l*]l : 863203
E: DICTIONARY = 1234256789 Al ORDINARY = ?
]l*]l:
CMSPyl C_a]l lZ B* AS >]l$ My QZ B* AMS$V> ]l$V> My
^l> l$.
M>st 'ORDINARY' My = 58126789
E: EARTH = QPMZS
Al HEART = ?
]l*]l: SQPMZ
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MylVS Ay ylMylVS&1
JMS ]l*lZ E]l ]ll ]l$ $Z G]l JMS ]lMSMS ]l*{ll$ A]l$$ JMS
$ ^l A]l$MS$]lyl$ l$VS$, , CX$ Z ^ll MSP$ A
^l$MS$s$. AA MS G]lMS l$ l$, ]l$*, {^l, l Z
]l*syl B M>]l$ AllV> , B $ ]l_a]l l]l$ ${l$ > l$$MS$l
A]lM> E. G {$$ ^l $ A ^l$MMS$y Eys B Cl$ ]lMS$MS$
]l*{ll$ l]l Ml ]l$ t^. C Ol$]l $ M>l$.
JMS As, S $ t^. A Al. JMSl MStyl t_
VS$$^l$M]lyl MStl. ]l$ ]l$$. G]lMS A M>MS$y Eys H$
^l*? {$l {^lZ E]l H JMS ]l$ B ^l$M, M l$MS$
Zyl ]l*ayl, A ]l*ayl ]l A G]lMS A M>l$. "MylVS' As$. ]ll$
^lMS$]l B l$MS$ Zyl MylVSZ E]l B ]l$ M>]l$ ]l$]lMS$ A]l$$
ZMS ]l*$aM. "ylMylVS' As$.
V> H...G., ..G, Cl M>ssl SZ D MylVS, ylMylVS
M CW AS>]l$, AMS]l$ B ^l$MS$s$.
MylVS, ylMylVSZ ]l$_ ]l*$P$ ^s MS A> $l r$t Ey.
1. A ]l$_ Z ]lMS$, Z ]l$_ A ]lMS$ lVSV> ^ll]lVSV>.
2. A ]l$_ Z ]lMS$ s ]l $]l$ (position numbers) As A-1, B-2, C3, ........... X-24, Y-25, Z-26 A lrl ^lVSV>.
3. Z ]l$_ A ]lMS$ s ]l $]l$ As Z-1, Y-2, X-3, ........... C-24, B-25,
A-26 A lrl ^lVSV>.
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M E$ :
1. JMS {lMSOl$]l Myl Z VICTORY WJDUPSZ V> >, Al Z
SUCCESS ]l$ H l V> >?
a) RTBBDRR b) TVDDFTT
c) TVDDBRR d) RTBBFTT
'VICTORY' Al lZ { AS JMS ]l ]ll$MS$ fVSyl ]l Myl l
]l_a.
V I C TORY
WJ DUP S Z
2. JMS {lMSOl$]l Myl Z 'SHIVA' 'RGHUZ' V> > 'ALLAH' ]l$ H l V>
>?
a) ZKKZG
b) BMMBI
c) ZKKBI
d) BMMZG
SHIVA Al lZ { AS JMS ]l l]lMSMS$ lr ]l Myl l ]l_a.
SH I V A
RG H U Z
+1
I X EDS Z C Z E
-1
+1 -1
BR I N LMB F BQ
MS]l Q$
1 2 3 4 5
MS--l ]l_a]l Ml Q$
9 17 24 23 10
I Q X W J
MS]l Q$
1 2 3 4 5 6
MS--l ]l_a]l Ml Q$
2411 17 8 20 29
X K Q H T C
VS]l$MS :
WINDOW Z _]l AS 'W' ]l$]l '23'. MS '6' ]l$ MSl 29 ]l_a. M>
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]lYMS S
(Classification Test)
M E$
MSl C_a]l $VS$ I_eM>Z $VS ]lyl sMS l$V> E]l VS$^lyl.
1. G) .$
) $r$
) MSZ$r$ yl) sMS Ol$$
]l*]l (yl)
O $VS$ MS*y l*> M^l {]l*$ M> G, , $ *$O l*> M^l
{]l*$ (yl) sMS Ol$$ ]l*{l ]l{lO l* M]lyMS {]l*.
2. G)
) $yl$
) $]l#
yl) MS
]l*]l ()
$]l# $]l $VS ]lyl$ VS ^lVS.
3. G) {$f ) ^ll${ ) ]ll
yl) ^ll${
]l*]l ()
]ll $]l $VS ]lylsMS M $g$ Es.
4. G) V]l
) VSV>
) {#{l yl) l$
]l*]l (G)
V]l $]l $VS ]ll$$ ]l* ]ll$$. V]l ]l*{l MS ]l. ]l* ]ll$$
: VSV>, l$, {#{l, $]l]l, VSylMS, M, ^l, l.
MS ]ll$$ : ]l$]l, V]l, MS~, l$VS{l, M>l, , V>]l, ]l$i,
{l, ylyl, ]l.
5. G) VSV>
) V]l
) l$ yl) ]l$]lC) ]ll
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]l*]l (C)
]ll $]l $VS]l l*$Ol# {]l^l ]ll$$. ]ll ]l*{l yl]l$ Ol# {]l^l
]l.
yl]l$ Ol# {]l^l ]ll$$ : ]ll, l, , ]l$, ]l$, , >]l,
>]l, *, .
6. G) W ) l ) l$]ll
yl) ]l{> C) JV$
]l*]l (yl)
]l{> $]l $VS]l B]l# gl$$. ]l{> ]l*{l VSl g.
7. G) {V>]l ) r$ ) MSs yl) r]l$ C) MSZ{V>
]l*]l ()
8. G) C]l$]l ) >W) lyl
yl) hMS
C) l
]l*]l (C)
l $]l $VS]l $]l Z$. l ]l*{l {l]l* Z.
9. G) Al$
) A$^l {l ) V>yl yl) MSP
C) ]l$N
]l*]l (yl)
MSP $]l $VS]l ll t >Z VS.
10. G) }M>MS$ ) ]lYyl
) l$lMS
yl) MSyl
C) VS$r*$
]l*]l ()
l$lMS $]l $VS h yl M>t$ Al rtZ E. l$lMS yl M>t V>ylz.
D AO VSlZ ]l_a]l {$
1. G) B>]l Myl$ ) MS Myl$
) l* Myl$ yl) l*>Myl$ C) W Myl$
]l*]l ()
l* Myl$ $]l $VS]l l lZ E.
2. G) MSl ) lVSY ) MSP]l yl) O]l C) GMSPyl
]l*]l (C)
"GMSPyl' $]l $VS]l "GMSPyl' Al {MS$ ]l*$.
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3. G) M>s ) B$VSylz
) A
yl) M>i C) s*s
]l*]l (yl)
M>i $]l $VS]l *$ Z VS.
4. G) M>yl ) ]ll
) l yl) C) k
]l*]l (G)
M>yl $]l $VS]l M>ylZ V>$
5. G) A]l$
) l$yl$
) l yl) ]l C) l$yl$
]l*]l ()
l$yl$ $]l $VS l* JMS MS$r$MS ^l]l$.
6. G) uMS$yl$ ) ^l$$l ) {r yl) C) t
]l*]l (G)
uMS$yl$ $]l $VSl* JMS f {MS $rMS$ >]lyMS l $$Z
^l$
7. G) yl$ ) M>s ) g]l$
yl) r]l*r C) ]lM>$
]l*]l (C)
]lM>$ $]l $VS s l$V> ]l]l^l$a. ]lM>$]l$ ]lyl]l l>ll ]l VS.
8. G) s$ ) $ ) MS$a yl) C) l$$s
]l*]l (C)
l$$s $]l $VS]l VSZMS $
9. G) $ ) l$ ) ]l
yl)$VS C) M>MS
]l*]l (yl)
$VS $]l $VS]l VS$yl]l$ yl $$.
10.
G) GMS
) sl ) yl* yl) MSNr
C) sfl
]l*]l (G)
GMS $]l $VS]l G[M>tMS $yl*MS$ ^l]l.
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]l M>MSl&1
D ]l$$ $$]l#V> ^lyMS s^]l *^l]l$ & $
llr A QZ JMSr ^. ]l JMS Q $]l $VS]l
M E$
1. G) 124) 132) 248
yl) 631 C) 596
]l*]l (yl)
631 $]l $VS]l Q$
2. G) 593) 471) 894
yl) 699 C) 347
]l*]l ()
894 $]l $VS]l Q$.
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]l M>MSl &2
QO MS A]lV>]l Es ]l M> MSlO ]l^la
{]l$ $V> ^l^l$a. ]l M>MSlO # A
s SZ JMSs yl$ {$ ]l$.
D {$ lVSV> ^l*s ]lY Q$ 35 ]lMS$, $]l
Q$ 11 ]lMS$, {]l Q$ 100 ]lMS$ lrl ^lVS
V>. s r$ f$l *{* l Ey. Ayl$ ]l*{ll$ D {$
^l$VS$VS$.
]l M>MSlO {MS$ $$]l#V> ]l*$ >$yMS MS ll$$ s^.
]ll$V> C_a]l QZ JMSr ]l ^. ]l Q$, Q
BV> ]l*]l VS$^l]l^l$a. ]lyl$ Q$ C_a, JMS Q C^l$a
]lyl$ Q$ C_a JMS Q C^l$a.
Q$, Q BV> ]l*]l VS$^l]lyl$ ]l$ JMSr ]lZ E]l
Q]l$ ^. ]l 5 10 VS$g BV> ]l*]l MS]l$MP]l^l$a. ]lyl$
Q$ 5 10 VS$g$ C_a JMSs l$V> C^l$a. A l$V> E]ll ]l*]l
A]l#l$.
JMSl JMSr ]l BV> O]l ^l]l ll$Z ]l*]l VS$^l]lyl$ C_a]l
QZ AMS ll MS]l$MP. BV> 3 9 VS$g BV> ]l* ]l
MS]l$MP]l^l$a.
QZ AMS ll "3' V> V> ^ll B Q 3; QZ AMS ll
9 V> ^ll B Q 9 Wl]l$]l#.
M l>Z 3 9 VS$g BV> ]l*]l MS]l$MPMS ]l^l$a. M> C_a]l
$VS$ B]lZ HOl ]lyl$ B]lZ Q ll ]l*]lV> Eyl JMSs l$V>
Ey^l$a. A l$V> E]ll ]l*]l A]l#l$.
D lZ ]l*]l MS]l$MP MSl Cl QO]l 4, 6, 8, 11 VS$g BV>
]l$MS$ l]l MS]l$MPl {$l ^l*.
lls, y tZ ]l*]l MS]l$MPMSl l>l {]l Q$, ]lY Q$,
$]l Q$ BV> ]l$]l$ P^l]l^l$a. C MS lV> C^l$a.
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]lyl$
G) 35 ) 42) 76yl) 38
]l*]l (G)
35 $]l $W]l]l Q$.
2. G) 47 ) 29
) 56yl) 69
]l*]l ()
56 $]l $W]l]l Q$.
3. G) 25 ) 42
) 55yl) 75
]l*]l ()
42 $]l $W]l]l 5 VS$g$
4. G) 20 ) 30
) 40yl) 55
]l*]l (yl)
5. G) 342 ) 963 ) 468 yl) 437
]l*]l (yl)
D {Z JMSr ]l BV> ]l*]l VS$^l. Cl$Z yl$ Q$, yl$
Q$ E. Cyl$ D QZ AMS ll ^l*ylr ]l 3 9 VS$g$
A]l#*? M>? Al $ l$$.
lls ]lyl$ B]lZ AMS ll ]l$V> 9, 18, 18 ]l^a. M>st lls ]lyl$
Q$ 3, 9 V> Wl]l$]l#. M> Bl d Z AMS ll 14 A]l#l$.
14 Al 3 9Z l]l* Wl M>l$ M>st 437 MS*y 3 9 V>
^lll$.
6. 1) 33 2) 55
3) 66 4) 99
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G) 2) 3 ) 2, 3
yl) H M>l$
]l*]l ()
O $VS$ Q$ ^l*ylV>l A]l 11 VS$g A]l$]l#l$. M> 11 VS$g
BV> Byl]l*l Ls ^l$.
55 $]l $W]l]l 3 VS$g$. M>st 55 Al ]l*]l A]l#l$.
]l$ MZ 66 $]l $W]l]l Q$. M>st 66 Al ]l*]l A]l#l$.
D {MS$ yl$ l$ MZ 55, 66 Al ]l*$ A*. M>st "O yl*'
Al ]l*]l A]l#l$.
7. G) 11,22 ) 66,77
) 33,44 yl) 77,88
]l*]l ()
{ BlZ yl$ Q$. A]l MS*y 11 VS$g. { fl ]l$l ]l
MS*y V> E. M>st ]l$ MZ () 66,77 $]l $W]l A
B]lZ lls Q Q, y Q Q$V> E.
8. G) 25 ) 64
) 71yl) 36
]l*]l ()
71 $]l $W]l]l MS_alOl$]l ]l>Y$.
9. G) 42 ) 30
) 110 yl) 122
]l*]l (yl)
122 $]l $W]l]l ]lY QMS$ Al Q$ MSyl ]l ]l^a.
62 + 6 = 42; 52 + 5 = 30; 102 + 10 = 110
10. G) 3, 5, 11
) 7, 17, 19
) 5, 15, 17 yl) 11, 13, 17
]l*]l ()
{ BlZ ]lyl$ Q$. Bl () $]l $W]l BlZ A {]l
Q E. M> ()Z E]l "15' {]l Q M>l$.
11. G) 10 ) 11) 15yl) 16
]l*]l ()
11 $]l $W]l]l MS Q$.
12. G) 2345 ) 3456
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) 5467
yl) 5678
]l*]l ()
5467 $]l $VS QZ AMS JMS ]l$ {MS]l$Z ]l^a.
VSl SZ ]l_a]l {$
]lz M>MS st
(l ]lYMS S)
{VS*&1, 2, 4, , Cl s SZ l ]lYMS, R ]lYMSO {$
]l$.
Cl$Z $VS$ Il$ $ V>, Q$ V> C $. Al$Z JMS l Q
$]l $W]l]l JMS MS$r$MS ^l Es. As A]l H JMS * S]l$
MSW Es. Cl$Z B MS$r$MS ^llMS$y {lMSV> E]l Q]l$ V>, V>
MS]l$MP.
JMS l $]l $W]l]l JMS MS$r$MS ^l Es. MS$r$ Al
{^lV> G MS$r$$. EMS$ , $ JMS
MS$r$. AllV> $, l$VS$$, ]l$$, E$, $VS$$,
$$... C G MS$r$ ]l$ ^lM]l^l$a.
E$
MS sZ l$V> E]l VS$^lyl.
1. G) VS$ ) l
) yl)
]l*]l: ()
l $]l $VS ]lyl$ *$O N N$.
l ]l*{l sZ N #]l#.
2. G) l$MS
) W
) MS yl) O
]l*]l: () & MS $]l $VS ]lyl* M>a B$
3. G) ZMS $$
) >f $$
) {]l]l${
yl) >
]l*]l: (yl)
> $]l $VS $ l$sZ H JMS Z $$. > H Z]l*
$$ M>$.
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4. G) k) VSr
) M> yl) $
]l*]l: ()
M> $]l $VS]l M>MS l {]l*$.
5. G) ]ll
) V]l
) l yl)
]l*]l: ()
V> llZ ]ll$ l*$ Ol# {]l. M> M ]ll$$ ]l*{l
yl]l$ Ol# {]l. O sZ V]l l $VS ]ll$ yl]l$ Ol#
{]l.
8.
G) H{ ) f]l]l
) BVSt yl) AMt
]l*]l: (G) & H{Z $]l $VS lZ 31 k$ Es.
31 k$yl l$
f]l]l, ]l*a, l$, kO, BVSt, AMt, yl
30 k$yl l$
H{, l, t, ]l]l
VS]l$MS: {]l lZ ]llZ 28 k$, ]llZ 29
k$s.
9. G) ^l{l$yl$ ) $l$yl$
) *$ yl) ${MS$yl$
]l*]l: (G)
^l{l$yl$ $]l $VS]l {VS$.
^l{l$yl$ ]l*{l E{VS.
10.
G) ]lO ) M_al
) Ol$* yl) >Qrt
]l*]l: ()
Ol$* $]l $VS]l Kyl ]l#$.
11.
G) f VSl ) {M$
) AMSVSl yl) VSl>
]l*]l: (yl)
VSl> $]l $VS]l VSl>Z l >Q$.
12.
G) Ol>l ) VMSN
) V>]lVS yl) Ds ]lVS
]l*]l: ()
VMSN $]l $W]l]l l lZ VS l > >f]l$$.
13.
G) GMS ) sl
) yl* yl) l*ll
]l*]l: (G)
GMS $]l $W]l]l G[M>tMS $yl*MS$ _]l.
14.
G) M ) yl^la
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) S yl) ^llVSl
]l*]l: (G)
M $]l $W]l]l MS{ll {$.
15.
G) uMS$yl$ ) ^ll
) {r yl)
]l*]l: (G) & uMS$yl$ $]l $W]l l* #MS l*Z l lZ l]l$
]l$ A^l$.
16.
G) A]l$ ) ]l
) ${l$yl$ yl) l$yl$
]l*]l: ()
${l$yl$ $]l $VS l* JMS MS$r$MS ^l]l$.
17.
G) MSl ) MSP]l
) O]l yl) GMSPyl
]l*]l: (yl)
"GMSPyl' Al l $]l $W]l "GMSPyl' Al {MS$ l ]l*$.
18.
G) ]l$V* ) O^l
) MSl yl) V>l
]l*]l: (G)
]l$V* $]l $W]l l> ll>MS l$ l>$.
19.
G) ]l$ ) M>MS$r
) yl) ]l*P
]l*]l: ()
M>MS$r $]l $W]l]l >$yMS E*W^l ]l$]l#$.
20.
G) MSl ) l]l ]l*l
) ylh yl) {sZ
]l*]l: ()
l]l ]l*l $]l $W]l]l Cl$.
V
S
S
Z
]
l
_a
]
l
{
$
MS sZ H l GMSMS$ ]l?
1. G) Cyl$l GMS{ ({VS*&1 2007)
) Cyl* r$yl
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) Osl$ B Cyl*
yl)
l*
]l*]l :
Cyl* r$yl $]l $W]l]l BVS ]l{MS$.
2. G) s ({VS*&1 1995)
) Atl$s) V>i
yl) M>t
]l*]l :
3. G) l ({VS*&1 1995)
) ) *^l]l
yl) Bl
]l*]l : yl
4. G) ]ll ({VS*&1 1990&91)
) ^ll${) ^ll${
yl) {$f
]l*]l : G
5. G) *lW VS$rt ({VS*&2 2001)
) ^l) ]l$VSW
yl) l]lyl
]l*]l : yl
l]lyl $]l $W]l ]lyl$ rtZ MS]l$ M$Ol Eyl$.
l]lylZ ]l*{l } >f>g M$Ol E.
6. G) ]lr VS$Y
(g.G 2004)
) {V>Os) V>
yl) ]l{f
]l*]l : & V> $]l $W]l]l M>l *l>$.
7. G) ^l{lVS$]l$yl$
(g.G 2001)
) l$$yl$) AZMS$yl$
yl) MS$Pyl$
]l*]l : yl
MS$Pyl$ $]l $W]l $ ]l {]l*fZ V >k$. MS$Pyl$ ]l*{l
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MS$$Z V >k.
8. G) ]l
(g.G 2001)
) {$lMS) M>l
yl) V>]ll
]l*]l :
M>l $]l $W]l $ ^l]l$. M>l ^ll $yl$.
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sV Agl$s&2
VSl _MSZ sVS H>r VS$_ ]lMS A>$ ^la_,
M E$ MS*y ^l*>. D _MSZ sVS
H>rMS$ _]l ]l$M ]l$]l$ .
E: A, B, C, D Al ]l$VS$$ $$ E, F, G, H
Al ]l$VS$$ MS$ JMS ]lM> ^l$r*t MS*$a$. Al H Cl$ MS*
MSPMSP]l MS*al$. 'A'Al $yl$ 'E' Al MSMS$ MS$yl Ol#]l, 'D' Al $ylMS Gl$$V>
MS*$ayl$. 'F' Al MS 'B' Al $ylMS Gyl]l$Ol# MS*$a. 'G' Al MS 'C' Al
$ylMS Gyl]l$ Ol# MS*$a M> 'D' Al $yl MSP]l MS*al$. Al D MS {MS$
]l*$ >$yl.
1. 'B' Al $yl$ G]l ]l$l MS*$ayl$?
G) F, G ) E, F ) H, F yl)G, D
2. 'H'Al MSMS$ MS$ylOl# G]l$ MS*$a$?
G) D ) C
) B yl) MS]l$MP.
3. 'A', 'B' ]l$l MS*$a]ll]l$?
G) E ) F ) G yl) H
4. Gl$l$$V> MS*$a]l$ l]l$ l]l$ ]l$ ]l*$aMS$s 'C', 'D' ]l$l
G]l$ MS*$as$?
G) E ) F ) G yl) H
5. 'G' MS Gl$$V> MS*$a]l ]lMS, 'A' l]l$ ]l$ ]l*$aMS$s 'F' MS MS$ylOl#
G]l$ MS*$as$?
) A yl) H M>l$.
G) E ) B
]l*]l: l ]l$_ A, D, E $ MS*$al ]l$ MS lV> Er$.
A
E
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F
D
Er$.
D
F
G
A
2. P 3.
5. P 6. P
8.
2. P 3. M
5. P 6. P
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7. C
8. B
M, P
P, M
l {M> 'O'MS Gyl]l$Ol# 'M' MS*$ayl$. As 'O' MS$yl _]l]l MS*$a syl$.
ClMS Gl$$V> 'B' MS*$asyl$. As 'B' Al ]l$Z Gyl]l$ _]l MS*$asyl$.
$W]l yl$ Z ]l$Z 'N' 'C'$ MS*$as$. M>st G$ ]l$
]l*]l 'A' 'D' AVS 'O' MS Gyl]l$ MSP]l G]l$ MS*$as$ As ]l*]l
'P' 'M' A]l#l$. CMSPyl MS*y MS_alV> ^l.
E: MS]l$, ]l$, l, A$l, Vl, {ll$, {$ Al Hyl$VS$$ l$$ JMS
]ll O MS*$a$. Vl $]l $VS B$VS$* ]llO ]l*]l l*>Z
MS*$a$. {ll$MS$ MS$ylOl# ]ly ]l Z l MS*$ayl$. A$lMS MS$yl MSP]l
{ll$ MS*$ayl$. ]ll MS{l ]ll MS]l$, Vl$ 90 M ^l$$. AVS MS]l$,
]l$$ MS{l ]ll 120 M ^l$$. ]l$, {$MS$ Gl$$V> VlMS$ Gyl]l$ MSP]l
MS*$ayl$. Al $ MS*$a]l ]l$]l$ MS]l$MPyl? (M.A.T. 1997)
]l*]l: llr $ MS*$a]l ]l$ ]l$ MS]l$MS$P. l {M> {ll$, l,
A$l$ MS*$al ]l$ D lV> Er$.
{ll$
A$l
l {M> ]l$, {$MS$ Gl$$ V>, VlMS$ Gyl]l$ MSP]l MS*$ayl$. M>st $
MS*$al ]l$ D lV> Er$. $W]l JMSP ]lZ MS]l$ MS*$ar$.
{ll$
]l$
A$l
Vl
{$
l
MS]l$
600 600
300
600
300
600 600
A$l
{$
MS]l$
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sV Agl$s&3
B$VS$$ V>, G$ ]l$ ]lMS$$ V> JMS yl s$
^l$r*t H lV> MS*$a l$$M]lyMS M B>$
C_a, s BV> MS yl$ ]lyl$ {$
AylVS]l^l$a.
Cs {$ ]l_a]lyl$ C_a]l yls]l$ ^l _ JMS r l*. BV>
]l*----$ ^l]l^l$a.
E$
I. G$ ]l$ >fMS$ {]lQ$$ Ol.G. >fQ ylz, ^l{l$ yl$, _i,
) l{l$, >$]l#$
) OlG, ^l{l$ yl$
yl) MS..B, l{l$
3. l{l$ Gl$$V> MS*$a]l G]l$?
G) MS..B
) _i
MS*ast.
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OlG
^l{l$ yl$
y
MS*$a$.
OlG
l{l$
lll Vyl
^l{l$ yl$
$V
l{l$
_i
>$]l#$
lll Vyl
^l{l$ yl$
www.facebook.com/shekharmine
y
l{l$
MS..B.
_i
>$]l#$
lll Vyl
^l{l$ yl$
G$
E. B sZ Al MS*ast.
OlG
f${M>
>$
MS..B.
l{l$
_i
>$]l#$
lll Vyl
^l{l$ yl$
O {MS$ ]l*$
1) G2)
3) 4) yl 5)
) *$MS
) { yl) ]l$MS~
8. MS]l$lMS$ MS$ylOl#]l G]l$ MS*$a$?
G) ]l$]l
) ]l$
) *$MS
yl) ]l$MS~
G) *$MS
) ]l$]l
) ]l$MS~
yl) {
]l$]l
_i
]l$MS~
MS]l$l
V>$j]l
*$MS
{
]l$
O {MS$ ]l*$
6) G 7) 8) yl 9) 10) G
MS*$a$.
F, B ]l$l Z D MS*$ayl$. DMS Gyl-]l$-Ol-# y ]lZ A, EMS MS$yl l] Z A
E$. Al
1. AMS Gl$$V> E]l G]l$?
G) B ) C
) Eyl) D
) B
yl) E
]l*$
1) G 2)
ls _sP
HOl JMS Q JMSr ]lZ 5 Es, s ]l>Y$ l$$Ms, ]ll$V> l$
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stMS&1
stMS (Tabulation)
{VS*&I l$l SZ MSl&IIZ "stMS$' Al {]l
A. stMSMS$ _ l> {l^lyl,
A]l^lyl Al yl$ ]lQ V>$. 2008 {VS*&I
SZ stMS l {l]l ]l$_ 10 ]l*$P$, A]l^lyl ]l$_ 10 ]l*$P {$
]l^a.
l {l]l:
V> MS_]l l MS$, ~*$ $M]lyMS A]l$]l#V> Eyll$. M>st
MS_]l l> JMS tOl$]l *Z {l^lyl A]l. Ayl B l>
_, l$lMS ]l (Comparitive Study) ^l$yMS A]lM> Er$.
l> MS ll$Z {l^^l$a.
u * (Textual Form)
]l$$ (Diagrams)
stMS$ (Tables)
u *:
D lZ MS_]l l> u *Z {l. lZ ]l*^ GMS$P]l
Es D l Al A]l$Ol M>l$. lZ Q ]l, $l]l$$ llO]l
s A ^l$M]lyl l M>l$. M>st V> l {l]lMS$ D l
E*W^l.
]l$$
R *Z E]l l> ^ll$]l$$ $V> A]lV>]l ^l$M, lW]l ~ *$
$Ms C_a]l l> ]l$ *Z {l^lyl A]l$]l#V> Er$. l
{l]l BMS$V> MS*y Er$. ]l*]l ]lMS$$ MS*y l ,
$l]l$]l$ $V> {VS^^l$a.
]l$$ & M>$
HMS ]l* _{$ (One-Dimensional Diagrams)
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1991 29 26 55
2001 31.5 29.5 61
C_a]l ]l*^> O lV> stMSZ l$^lyl > MS {*f$ E.
1. l> $V> {l^^l$a.
2. l> $$]l#V> A]l^^l$a.
3. l >$ $, s ]l$l ]l$ A ^l$M l$lMS ]l
^l$]l^l$a.
4. stMS ]l$_ B* VSMS# Ml]l$ $$]l#V> ^l$a. lW]l ~*$ $M]l^l$a.
stMSZ ]lQ V>$
stMS l$: (SZ stMS l$]l$ *_^]l A]l l$)
stMS $ (Title):
C_a]l l> st stMSMS$ lW]l $]l$ *_^.
MS$ (Captions):
$]l# ]l$ ]l$ MS$ A As.
t (Stub):
Ayl$z ]l$ ]l$ t$ A As. Gyl]l$ _]l]l E]l A Ayl$zVS]l$ MS t MS
(stub box) A As$.
A>]l$ *_^l VS (Body):
C stMSZ A {]lOl$]l VS. lZ A>]l$, Q]l$ As D VSZ
{l.
]lQ VS]l$MS (Head Note):
stMSZ A> VS$_ {VSV> Zl^l MS ]lQ VS]l$MS. C stMS $ MSl
MS$ylMSZ Er$.
E: (f $$]lZ)
l*_MS (Foot Note):
stMSZ HOl JMS t A> VS$_ {lMSV> ^l ]l_a]lyl$ l *_MS]l$
yl. stMS VS$]l VSZ >. SZ A]l V> >l$.
]l (Source):
lZ ]l*^ H ]l ]l$_ MS^ C l$g$. V> SZ
A]l MS*y >l$.
9. stMS]l$ l*$ ^l]l$:
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]l]l
stMS $
stMS l$
t
MS$
(]lQ VS]l$MS)
Main Body
l *_MS
]l
stMS l*$ ^l]l$
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stMS&2
stMS$
stMSZ _]l {l$MS A>]l$ ^la^.
D MSZ B* M> l>]l$ stMSZ
l$^lyl, Cl$MS$ _]l MS
]l*YlM>]l$ l$$MS$.
C_a]l l> stMS^lyMS MS MS ]l*YlM>]l$ ltZ E^l$M.
M$ D ]l*YlM>MS$ ]lV> MS*y stMS$ *_ Ey^l$a.
1. C_a]l lZ >$$, sZ EV>]l$ VS$^.
2. V> M>, {l, Cl ]l$ Ayl$z]l$Z l$^.
3. g$ >$]l$ Ayl$z ]l$Z $]l# ]l$Z JMS lVSY l$$$.
4. EV>$ E]l >$]l$ $]l# ]l$Z A]l$>a.
5. yl$ AlMSs GMS$P]l >$$ E]lyl$ C_a]l l {]l^l ]l$Zl
>$]l* A]l$>a.
6. C_a]l l BV> stMS {]l VSZ VS]l$ N^.
7. VSl $]l*]l$ A]l$_ R VS]l$ N^.
8. stMSMS$ lW]l $]l$ *_^.
9. {]l*$ *_^. A]lOl$l ]lQ VS]l$MS, l*_MS]l$ >*.
10. AylW]l {MS$ ]l*]l >*. SZ stMS ^lryl$ f$ {lZ
sMt S X ]ll$ Frame work or skelleton]l$ Rough paperZ X_
^l*$M]lyl ]l$_.
O ]l*YlM>]l$ H lV> A]l$ ^Z MS E > ^l*.
1. 1991 f MSP {M> JMS > l$$l f 128 $$]l$. Al$Z 74 $$]l$
]lVS$$. ]lVS>Z 25 $$]l$ l* ]l$MS ^l]l #$$$. ]lVSZ ]l^l
34 $$]l ]l$Z MS]l 12 $$]l$ l*$ l$$. l$$l l*$l$$ 41
$$]l$, Z 23 $$]l$ #$ $$. {V>]l*Z ]l$]l l* ]l$ Q 22
$$]l$. D l > stMS^lyl?
(Civil Services Mains, 1993)
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$$
l
{l]l$ $ l$
$$, MS]l$ Ayl$z ]l$Z, MS$ _]l EV>]l$ $]l# ]l$Z
A]l$$a. (stMS 2)
l ]l$_ l$$l MS Q = 500Z 40%
= 500 40/100 = 200
]l*]l 13.33%
f.C_a]l lZ >$$.
2000]l ]ll
M>
2005]l ]ll
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E]l$
$lZ l
$
]l$$
VS
#$$$
A]l A]l$MS$s l$$l MS$ _]l $]l# ]l$Z MS*y #$$$,
]l$$, l$$l Al ]lyl$ $]l ]l$ X$]l^l$a.
stMS 3 ]l$_ 2000Z $l l$]l ]l$ Q = 175
2005Z Q = 220
$VS$l >l =
(l$$]l & $]l)
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 100
$]l
= (220 & 175) / 175 100 = 26.72
]l*]l 26.72%
4. 75 ]l*$P$ E]l JMS { {lZ 70]l$ $MS$ ]l_a]l ]l*$P D
lV> E. D l> stMSZ ]l$^lyl."30' GMS$P]l, "40' MSs lMS$P]l
]l*$P$ ]l_a]l $$ "14' ]l$ E$. Z "8' ]l$ #$$$, Cl$Z
]l$VS$$ ]l VS$$. ]l$Z Cl$ ]l VS $$ M>$. "40' GMS$P]l, "50'
MSs lMS$P]l ]l*$P$ ]l_a]l $$ "26' ]l$ E$. Cl$Z "16' ]l$ #$
$$, Z B$VS$$ ]l VS$$ M>$. ]l$Z Il$VS$$ ]l VS$$. "50'
GMS$P]l ]l*$P$ ]l_a]l $$ "30' ]l$ E$. Cl$Z Hyl$VS$$ ]l$$ ]l
VS$$ M>$, #$$$ "14' ]l$, Z "8' ]l$ ]l VS$$.
(APPSC, Group 1, Model
Paper, 2007)
]l VS$$
Byl
]l VS$$ M>$
]l VS$$
VS
]l$VS
]l VS$$ M>$
$ ]l*$P]l$ Ayl$z ]l$Z, $W]l >$]l$ $]l# ]l$Z A]l$a ]l^l$a. (stMS
4)
stMS 1 & JMS > f ]l>$ & 1991 ]l {M>
(f $$]lZ)
l$]l#$
l*$l$$
l$$l
f
{l
#$$$
l$$l #$$$ $
l$$l
]lVS {l
25
22
47
15
12
27
74
{V>$ {l
18
22
40
14
54
l$$l
43
44
87
23
18
41
128
O]l Q
$$O]l
Q
l$$l
$
{
140
l$
{
40
l$$l
$$
{l]l$
{
40
220
80
300
MS$
00
140
40
180
20
200
l$$l
40
280
80
400
100
500
$l l$$
#$$$ $ l$$l
2000
2005
1025
1290
175
220
$l l$$ M>$
#$$$
l$$l
525
180
25
28
550
208
1200
1510
l$$l
$
1750
1718
#$$$
]l
VS$$
ll
l$$l
]l
]l ll
VS$$ VS$$
M>$
4
2
6
14
30&40
]l
VS$$
M>$
4
40&50
10
16
10
26
50&75
14
16
30
ll
22
16
38
18
14
32
70
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stMS&3
stMS$
VSl MSZ C_a]l l>MS stMS]l$ H lV> ^Z
^la^. D MSZ stMSMS$ _ ]l$M
E ]l$ .
E: 2001Z JMS MStZ 18,000 ]l$ M>MS$$
E$. Z 13,000 ]l$ {syl $lZ $$. 12 >l M>MS$$ ]l$$, Z
60 >l ]l$ {syl $lZ $$. 2002]l ]llZ M>MS$ Q 6 >l
W, Z 480 ]l$ ]l$$. {syl $l lZ ]l$$ Q 304
lWY, ll $ Q 10 >l W. D l> stMS^lyl.
(civil services -n 2003)
]l*]l:
llr C_a]l lZ >$$, sZ EV>]l$ VS$.
2001]l ]ll
M>
2002]l ]ll
{syl $l $$
M>MS$$ {syl $lZ $$ M>$
]l$$
VS
#$$$
Cyl$ lZ C]l $]l]l$ MS]l$V.
2001]l ]ll
12
]l$ M>MS$ Q = 18000Z 12 >l
= 18000 100 = 2160
#$ M>MS$ Q =
18000 & 2160 = 15840
{syl $lZ $O]l ]l$ M>MS$ Q = 2160Z 60 >l
2160
60
100
= 1296
{syl $lZ $O]l #$ M>MS$ Q = 13000&1296 = 11704
2002]l ]ll
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18000
(100 + 6)
100
ll M>MS$ Q =
= 19080
]l$ M>MS$ Q = 2160 + 480 = 2640
#$ M>MS$ Q = 19080&2640= 16440
(100 + 10)
{syl $lZ ll $$ = 13000 100 = 14,300
{syl $lZ ]l$ $ Q
= 1296 & 304 = 992
{syl $lZ #$ $ Q = 14300 & 992 = 13308
{syl $lZ $$ M>
Q = 19080 & 14300 = 4780
Z ]l$$ = 2640 & 992 = 1648
Z #$$$ = 16440&13308 = 3132
O l> MS lV> stMS^l]l^l$a.
2001 & 2002Z JMS MStZ
M>MS$ ]l>$
M>MS$$
2001 Z {syl $lZ $$
#$$$ $ ll
11704 1296 13000
{syl $lZ $$ M>$
#$$$$ ll
4136 864 5000
ll 15840 2160 18000
2002 Z {syl $lZ $$
#$$$$ ll
13308 992 14300
{syl $lZ $$ M>$
#$$$$ ll
3132 1648 4780
ll 16440 2640 19080
E: 2001]l ]llZ JMS {l f]l$ ]l$$Z BV> MS stMSZ
l$^$.
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]l$$ (Z)
15 ]lMS$
16 & 25
26 & 35
36 & 45
46 & 55
56 & 65
65 O]l
ll
>l
30
18
17
15
14
5
1
100
3
=6
100
x = 200 $$]l$.
48
= 2016
100
]l*]l 2016
yl) 56 & 65 ]ll> ]l$$ MS 36 & 45 ]ll> ]l$$ MS VS
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Gl?
f$: ll fZ 5 >l
AylW]l =
ll fZ 15 >l
5
1
=
=
15 = 3
]l*]l 1 : 3
E: 100 ]l$ $MS$ VSl, O]l$Z ]l_a]l ]l*$P BV> D MS
lV> stMS^$. VSt ]l*$P$ 50
jMS$t
VSl
Ol
>
]l*$P$
40 30 20
9
4
7
32
21
27
10 0
80 92 100
66 81 100
73 87 100
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QMS >&1
"QMS > ]l$_ 'Civil Services Mains' SZ 8
]l*$P$, 'Group - I, Mains'Z 10 ]l*$P$, {$
]l^la A]lM> E. QMS > VSl -Ol$-]l--s-MS
Cl$Z ]lMS ]l]l]l$ A]lVSl ^l$ M, *{]l$
VS$$^l$M, l-]l ^l D A ]l$_ ]l^la {]l$ A-$- $V>l -bl^l]l^l$a.
l MS, , ]lMS$ QMS > ylyl$l$. MS_]l l >
{l^lyMS AlMS ]l*>Y$.
1. ]lyl l A]lYMSl l (Raw data or Ungrouped data):
l ]lMSVSl l A MS*y As$.
E:
SZ 20 ]l$ $MS$ ]l_a]l ]l*$P$ D l V> E. 40, 45, 43, 47, 48, 49,
50, 54, 60, 63, 65, 70, 75, 74, 76, 80, 84, 89, 90, 92.
O lV> Eyl l> A]lV>]l ^l$M, HOl ~*$ $M]lyl $-M>-l$.
l MS*y $-V> A ^l$M. lZ GMS$P]l $]l$ E-]l--yl$
D lV> {l^l.
2. ]lYMSl _e]l {$$ (grouped - discrete series):
D lZ l> M ]l$V> h-$. ]l lsMSl {lMSV>
Es. B* ]lZ $]l ]l$l l Er$.
E:
JMS lVSZ 30 ]l$ $MS$ SZ ]l_a]l ]l*$P$ -D lV> E.
]l*$P$$ Q
40
2
45
3
48
1
56
2
62
1
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65
4
71
2
74
3
80
2
ll
20
lls l MSs y lZ l> {l^lyl,A ^l$M]lyl l-MS.
3. ]lYMSl A_e]l {$$ (Grouped continuous Series):
sl ]l@#]l stMS$ ]l@#]l f$ (Frequency Table or Frequency distribution) A MS*y As$. D lZ l> ]l$V> h$.
B* ]lZ $]l$ A_e]lV> (Continuous) Es.
E:
lVSZ Eyl 50 ]l$ $MS$ JMS SZ ]l_a]l ]l*$P$ D lV> E.
]l*$P$ $ Q
40 & 50 12
50 & 60
3
60 & 70 10
70 & 80 14
80 & 90
6
90 & 100 5
ll
50
D lOl$]l ]l@#]l stMS ]l$_ l Z ^l>$ (Variables) {]l]lZ
$l]l$$, lZ AlYlV> Eyl M $ lV> Yl]l$]l#.
MS{l ]l Ml$, Ax]ll ]ls ll$ > ]l@#]l f ^l]l^l$a.
V> lVSl$ Q 5 ]l$_ 15 ]lMS$ E-yl A]lM- >- E. O sMt S Z 40 & 50, 50
& 60, 60 & 70 ..... llO]l s lVSl$$ As-$. D stMSZ B$ lVS$l$$ E.
A]ll$$:
40 & 50 Al lVSZ "40' VS$]l A]l (Lower limit), "50' GVS$]l A]l (Upper
limit) As-$. As.. 40 ]l$-_l 50 Z# ]l*$P$ ]l_a]l $ Q "12' A A.
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30 & 35 10
35 & 40 10
40 & 45
9
45 & 50
7
ll
50
D ll Yl l A MS*y As$. D lZ JMS lVS GVS$]l A]l B lVSZ
]l$_l $]l_, l> lVSZ ]l ^l]l. As EMS$ "35' kg
$]l#]l 30 & 35 lVSZ MSP^lMS$y 35 & 40 lVSZ MSP.
]l@#]l (Frequency): JMS lVSMS ^l]l $]l Q]l$ B lVS ]l@#]l
As$. ]l@# V> 'f' Al AS *_. EMS$ O ]l@#]l
sMt S Z 20 & 25 Al lVS ]l@#]l = 6. Al l V> 40 & 45 Al lVS ]l@#]l =
9. ]l@# l V> AS 'N' *_. O stMSZ
N = 6 + 8 + 10 + 9 + 7
= 50
lVSl$ ]l$l $]l:
JMS lVS ]l$l $]l =
20 + 25
2
= 22.5 kg
45 + 50
2
= 47.5 kg.
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QMS >&2
VSl _MSZ QMS >MS _]l {l$MS
A>]l$ ^la^. Cyl$ sMS _ ]l$ M
A>]l$, M E]l$ ^la.
_l ]l@#]l f$:
]l@#]l stMSZ MS]l B* lVSl$ ]l@#]l$ ]l*{ll$ ^lVS.
M l>Z lZ HOl JMS $]l MSs GMS$P]l lMS$P]l ]l* MSW]l
]l@# Q A]l A]l#l$. Cr$]ls l>Z _l ]l@#]l f$
E*VSyl. C yl$ M>$:
1. B _l ]l@#]l f]l
(Less than Cumulative Frequen-cy)
B _l ]l@#]l f]l
JMS ]l@#]l f]lZ lls ]l$_ JMS lVS GVS$]l A]l ]lMS$ Eyl ]l@#
l B lVS B _l ]l@ #]l As$.
E:
$]l#$B
(MSZZ)Q _l .#.
20 & 25 6
6
25 & 30 8 6+8=14
30 & 3510 6+8+10=24
35 & 40106+8+10+10=34
40 & 45 66+8+10+10+6=40
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AMS ]l$l]l$:
MS{l M]lyMS l^l$V> E* W^l Ml C.
AMS ]l$l ]l$ =
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f1 x1 + f2 x2 + f3 x3 + ...... + f4 x4
f1 + f 2 + f3 + ...... + f4
fx
f
fx
N
E:
D MS lVSl$ AMSVSl#
VSr$ Gl?
]l*$P$$ Q
0 & 10
5
10 & 20
7
20 & 30
15
30 & 40
8
40 & 50
3
50 & 60
2
]l*]l:
C_a]l ]l@#]l fMS B* lVSl$ ]l$l $]l]l$ MS]l$V D lV> >^l$a.
]l*$P$ $ lVSl$ f x
Q (f) ]l$l $
]l$ (x)
0 10 5
10 20
20 30
30 40
40 50
50 60
ll
0 + 10
2
7
15
15 25
8
35
3
45
2
55
N=40
=5
25
105
375
280
135
110
1020
AMS]l$l]l$ =
fx = 1020 = 25.5
N
40
20 29
30 39
40 49
50 59
60 69
70 79
ll
5
20+29/2122.5
= 24.5
12 34.5
414.0
16 44.5
712.0
10 54.5
545.0
4
64.5
258.0
3
74.5
223.5
N=50
2275
fx = 2275,
f = N = 50
O sMt S ]l$_
AMSVSl VSr$ =
fx = 2275 = 45.5
N
50
Cr$]
l
s
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QMS >&3
]l@#]l fMS ]l$lVSl
C_a]l ]l@#]l f]lZ ]l@# ll 'N' Al
llr N/2 $]l]l$ MSP^. B _l ]l@
#]l ]l$_ N/2]l > H lVSZ E B lVS
""]l$lVSl lVS'' A As. D lV> llr ""]l$lVSl
lVS'' VS$^.
B l>l MS *{ E*W_ ]l$lVS MS]l$MP]l^l$a.
]l$lVSl (M) = L + N2 F
f
L
N
F
f
C
E:
MS l>MS ]l$lVS MS]l$MPyl?
lVS Al ]l@#]l
0&20
9
20&40
16
40&60
24
60&80
15
80&100
4
100&120
2
ll
N = 70
]l*]l:
l ]l$_ ]l@# ll
N = 70.
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N 70
=
= 35.
2
2
]l$lVSl =
N
F
2
C
L+
f
70
25
2
20
= 40 +
24
= 40 +
10 20
= 48.3
24
l>$:
1. l>MS $MS Ey^l$a EylMS]l^l$a.
2. JMS l>MS JMSs MSs GMS$P]l $M>$ MS*y Ey^l$a.
E:
G) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Al l>MS $MS l$.
) 6, 5, 4, 4, 3, 1, 4, 5, 1, 4, 9 Al l>MS $MS = ""4''. Gl$MSs "4' Al >
GMS$P]l$ #]l>]llOl$. l>MS JMS $MS Es HMS $MS
(Unimodal) A As$.
) 4, 5, 5, 3, 2, 2, 3, 1, 5, 2, 7 Al l>MS $M>$ = "2', "5'. Gl$MSs 2, 5,
yl* MS*y ]lyl$$ #]l>]ll]l$*. D lV> yl$ $M>$ Es
$MS (Bi-modal) A As$.
]l@#]l stMSMS$ $MS MS]l$MP]lyl:
llr C_a]l ]l@#]l stMSZ $MS lVS VS$^. AlMS ]l@#]l E]l
lVS $MS lVS As$.
$MS =
(f f )
L+
(2 f
f1 f 2 )
]lQ VS]l$MS:
$MS lVS lls lVS Al Ayl$ fl = 0. AVS $MS lVS _]l lVS
Al Ayl$ f2 = 0 A]l#l$. JMS ]l@#]l stMSMS$ yl$ GMS$P]l $MS
lVSl$$ MS*y Ey^l$a.
E:
MS ]l@#]l stMSMS$ $MS MS]l$MPyl.
]l*$P$ $ Q
10&19
10
20&29
22
30&39
24 www.facebook.com/shekharmine
40&49
50&59
60&69
30
10
4
(2 f
f1 f 2 )
O stMS ]l$_
L = 39.5, f = 30
f1 = 24, f2 = 10, C = 10
$MS =
39.5 +
(30 24 )
10
(2 30 24 10 )
= 39.5 +
6 10
26
= 39.5 +
30
= 39.5 + 2.3
13
= 41.8
of concentration).
E:
MS l>MS $M>]l$ MS]l$MPyl
l B$ (*.Z)MS$r$ Q
2000 MSs lMS$P]l2
4000 MSs lMS$P]l32
6000 MSs lMS$P]l42
8000 MSs lMS$P]l49
10,000 MSs lMS$P]l 60
12,000 MSs lMS$P]l 90
14,000 MSs lMS$P]l 100
]l*]l: lZ ]l@#]l stMS]l$ $]l# Yl lZ lVSl$ ]l$
$M #]l
l B$ (*.Z)MS$r$ Q
0 & 2,000 2
2,000 & 4,000 32&2 = 30
4,000 & 6,000 42&32 = 10
6,000 & 8,000 49&42 = 7
8,000 & 10,000 60&49 = 11
10,000 & 12,000 90&60 = 30
12,000 & 14,000 100&90 = 10
ll
100
D ]l@#]l stMSZ AlMS ]l@#]l (30) 2,000&4,000, 10,000&12,000 Al yl$
lVSl$Z E. M>st D yl$ lVSl$* $MS lVSl$]l#.
Case 1:
f1 f 2 )
L = 2,000,
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28 2,000
14,000
= 2,000 +
48
12
(30 11)
(2 30 11 10 )
= 10,000 +
2,000
19 2,000
38,000
= 10,000 +
39
39
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QMS > 4
Ml$
l> V>Y A]lV>]l ^l$Ms B l MS{l
]l Ml (VSr$) r$ B lZ >$$ H
lV> _ E* MS*yl l$$M. MS
E]l$ l Ml B]lMSl
]l$]lMS$ A]l$]l#l$.
E:
'A' Al MSZ B$VS$$ EVS$ i$ *. 500, *. 500, *. 2,000, *. 3,000,
*. 4,000, *. 20,000. 'B' Al MSZ B$VS$$ EVS$ i$ *. 4,000, *.
3,500, *. 4,500, *. 6,000, *. 5,500, *. 6,500. EVSZ ^l>]l$Ml A D
yl$ MSZ l GMS ^l$M?
]l*]l:
'A' Al MSZ EVS$ VSr$ il =
Al i ll
EVS$ Q
=
30,000
6
30,000
6
= *. 5,000
AllV>, 'B' Al MSZ EVS$ VSr$ il =
= *. 5,000.
VSr$ ^l]l =
x1 x + x 2 x + + x n x
n
xi x
n
Answer:
'A' Al ${MS _]l 10 > MSr VSr$ $]l# =
196 + 198 + + 202 + 205
10
x=
2000
= 200
10
{V>]l$
xi x
]l*l]l$ ^l]l =
VSr$ x ]l$_ B* >$ ^l$
= |196--&200|,|198-&200|,&&&|202 & 200|,
|205 & 200|
n
= 4, 2, 2, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 5.
]l*l]l$ ^l]l =
4 + 2 + 2 +1+ 0+ 0+1+1+ 2+ 5
10
=
18
= 1.8 (1)
10
2000
= 200
10
{V>]l$
VSr$ ( x ) ]l$_ B* >$ ^l$
= |192 & 200|, |194 & 200 |,,, |206 & 200 |, | 207 &200 |
= 8, 6, 5, 2, 0, 1, 3, 4, 6, 7
]l*l]l$ ^l]l =
8+6+5+2+0+1+3+4+6+7
10
=
42
= 4.2 ( 2)
10
(x
x2 x2
(x
(x
x3 x3
,
,
,
,
,
x
) + (x
2
.... + x n x
Cyl$
1
,
,
(x
xn x n x
(x
)
2
( )=
2
)+
2
)
2
xi x
=
2
(x
) + (x
2
)
2
x +,,, + x n x
xi x
E:
MS l , {]l*MS ^l]l$ MS]l$MPyl?
40, 50, 60, 50, 40.
Answer: lZ C_a]l 5 >$ VSr$
=
x=
40 + 50 + 60 + 50 + 40
5
240
= 48
5
>$$
^l$
^l
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40
50
60
50
40
]l>Y$
40&48=&8(&8)2= 64
50&48= 2 (2)2 = 4
60&48=12 (12)2= 144
50&48= 2 (2)2= 4
40&48=&8(&8)2 = 64
(
xi x
( )=
64 + 4 + 144 + 64 + 4
5
280
= 56
5
( )= 56
{]l*MS ^l]l () + 56 =7.52
^l]l VS$MS (coefficient of variation): lZ ]l$ M]ly MS
MS_alOl$]l MlV> ^l]l VS$MS E*VSyl$l$.
^l]lVS$MS =
{]l*MS ^l]l
100
AMS]l$l]l$
yl$ l> MSyl ( consistency) ]l$ ayMS ^l]l VS$MS
E*VSyl$l$. ^l]l VS$MS lMS$P]l E]l lZ MSyl GMS$P]l E]lr$.
E:
MS stMSZ A, B Al Cl$ sl$l $VS$$ Al$ ]l*^lZ C^a$.
AS& 40, 50, 60, 40, 50
B & 100, 120, 5, 5, 10
]l# fr$tZMS G]l GMS ^l]l#? Gl$MS$?
2
240
= 48
5
100 + 120 + 5 + 5 + 10
5
240
= 48
5
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Cl$ BrV> VSr$ $VS$$ ]l*]lV> E M>st ClZ G]l$ MSOyl]l BrV>y
^l*y.
A sl$l ^l]lVS$MS:&
>$$
40
50
60
40
50
^l$
^l
]l>Y$
40&48=&8(&8)2= 64
50&48= 2 (2)2 = 4
60&48=12 (12)2= 144
40&48=&8(&8)2= 64
50&48= 2 (2)2 = 4
A {]l*MS ^l]l =
=
64 + 4 + 144 + 64 + 4
5
280 +
= 56
5
=7.52
A ^l]l VS$MS =
7.52
100 = 15.625
48
>$$
^l$ ^l
]l>Y$
100 100&48 = 52 (52)2 = 2704
120 120&48 = 72 (72)2 = 5184
5 5&48 = &43 (&43)2 = 1849
5 5&48 = &43 (&43)2 = 1849
10 10&48 = &38 (&38)2= 1444
B {]l*MS ^l]l
=
=+
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B ^l]l VS$MS =
51.05
100
48
= 106.35
1, 2 ]l$_ 'B' MSs A ^l]l VS$MS lMS$P]l. As B MSs 'A' MSOyl]l BrV>yl$.
M>st fr$tZMS 'A' Al BrV>~ GMS ^l]l$.
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QMS >&5
{]l*MS ^l]l, ^l]l VS$MS, MSyl llO]l s
VS$_ VSlZ ^la^. sMS _]l ]l$M
E]l$ .
1.
'X', 'Y' Al Mst BrV> $VS$$ B$ {MSMSs
BrZ MS lV> E.
X : 75, 21, 65, 60, 45, 41
Y : 68, 44, 75, 68, 63, 71
75 + 21 + 65 + 60 + 45 + 41
6
307
6
= 51.16
68 + 44 + 75 + 68 + 63 + 71
6
389
= 64.83
6
' X' MSs 'Y' VSr$ GMS$P]l M>st 'Y' Al sl$l ]l$ GMS$P]l A ^l^l$a.
( xi x) 2
n
>$$
(xi)
^l$
]l>Y$
^l
( xi x) 2
( xi x)
75
21
65
60
45
41
23.84 568.3456
-&31.16 970.9456
13.84 191.5456
8.84 78.1456
&6.16 37.9456
&10.16 103.2256
ll =1950.1536
{]l*MS ^l]l =
1950.1536
6
= 325.0256
= 18.028
^l]l VS$MS =
{]l*MS ^l]l
100
VSr$
18.028
100
51.16
>$$
^l$
(yi)
( yi y )
68
3.17
^l ]l>Y$
( yi y) 2
10.0489
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44
75
68
63
71
= 130.2455
= 11.4125
11.4125
100
64.83
VS]l$MS:
gMS D {Z ^l]l VS$M>$ MS]l$MP]l A]l l$. 'X' MSs 'Y' VSr$
GMS$P]l M>st 'Y' ]l$ GMS$P]l A ^l^l$a. Cl VSr$$ ]l*]l A]lyl$
]l*{ll$ ClZ GMS$P]l MSylV> Byl G]l$ A]l VS]lZMS $Ms.
E]l$yl {]l*MS ^l]l: (combined S.D)
lls {VS*# :
>$ Q = N1, VSr$ = X1
{]l*MS ^l]l = 1
y {VS*#:
>$ Q N2, VSr$ = X2
{]l*MS ^l]l = 2
yl$ {VS*# E]l$yl VSr$ = X,
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Ayl$
N1 (12 + d12 ) + N 2( 2 2 + d 2 2)
=
N1 + N 2
2
N1 (12 + d12) + N 2( 2 2 + d 2 2)
N1 + N 2
N1 X 1 + N 2 X 2
N1 + N 2
Al *{ A]l$_
40 11 + 20 X 2
40 + 20
10 60 = 440 + 20X2
20X2 = 600 440 = 160
X2 =
160
=8
20
N1 (12 + d12 ) + N 2( 2 2 + d 2 2)
=
N1 + N 2
2
Al *{ A]l$_,
d1 = X1 X = 11 10 = 1,
d2 = X2 X = 8 10 = 2
Cyl$ O *{ A]l$_
40(2.25 + 1) + 20( 2 2 + 4)
4=
40 + 20
4 60 = 130 + 2022 + 80
240 = 210 + 2022
2022 = 240 210 = 30
22 = 30 = 1.5
20
fi mi
fi
{]l*MS ^l]l
=
fi (mi x) 2
fi
10 & 15
9
15 & 20 29
20 & 25 54
25 & 30
6
ll
100
]l*]l:
VSr$
x=
fi mi
fi
15 + 112.5 + 507.5 +
=
1215 + 165
100
2015
= 20.15
100
{]l*MS ^l]l =
fi (mi x)2
fi
2 160 + 9 58.5 + 29 7 +
=
54 5.5 + 6 54
100
1673
100
= 16.73 = 4.09
^l]l VS$MS =
4.09
100
20.15
= 20.2977
+126.9 + 44.1
100
= 3.42
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QMS >[&6
E]l$yl {]l*MS ^l]l
N1X1 + N2 X2
N1 + N2
d1 = X1 X,
d2 = X2 X A A]l$MS$s....
O yl$ ]l E]l$yl
2 =
N1 + N 2
]l*]l:
lVS $ Q = b A]l$MS$s...
MS Q = 150 b A]l#l$.
$]l$ lls ]lV>]l*, MS]l$ y ]lV>]l* VS_]lrl,
N1 = b, X1 = 70 Kgs,
1 = 10 Kgs,
N2 = 150 b, X2 = 55 Kgs,
2 = 15 Kgs.
N1 + N2
60 =
b 70 + (150 b ) 55
b + 150 b
10,000 + 25,000
150
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35,000
= 233.33
150
= 15.275
ll lVS {]l*MS ^l]l
= 15.275 MSi$.
VS]l$MS:
1. ]l ]l E]l$yl {]l*MS ^l ]l B* ]l ]lMSVSl {]l*MS
^lZ VSt {]l*MS ^l]l MSs GMS$P]l Er$.
2. lls 'n' f Q {]l*MS ^l]l
=
n2 1
12
E:
60 >$$]l JMS $ AMS]l$l]l$, l$$ ]l$V> 10, 4. D $Z 40 >$
AMS]l$l]l$, l$$ ]l$V> 11, 2.25 Al $W]l 20 >$ AMS]l$l]l$,
l$]l$ MS]l$MPyl.
( , l$l, 2003)
]l*]l:
40 >$]l$ lls ]lV>, $W]l 20 >$]l$ y ]l V>]l* .
Ayl$..
N1 = 40, X1 = 11, 12 = 2.25
N2 = 20, X2 = ?, 22 = ?
N1X1 + N2 X2
N1 + N2
10 =
40 11 + 20 X 2
40 + 20
10 60 = 440 + 20 X2
20 X2 = 600 440 = 160
X2 = 160/20 = 8
$W]l 20 >$ AMS]l$l]l$ = 8
d1 = 11 10 = 1
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d2 = 8 10 = 2
AVS... E]l$yl
N1 (12 + d12 )+ N2 (22 + d22
2 =
N1 + N 2
4=
40 (2.25 + 1 ) + 20 ( 22 + 4 )
40 + 20
4 60 = 403.25 + 2022 + 80
2022 = 240 80 130
22 = 30/20 = 1.5
$W]l 20 >$ = 1.5
()
xi2
x
n
()
( ) ),
xi2 = n 2 + x
As >$ ]l>Y ll =
n ( + (x ) )
2
D *{ MS*y VS$$^l$M.
E:
JMS lVSZ "9' ]l$ $ $]l# VSr$, {]l*MS ^l$ ]l$V> 43 MSi$,
5 MSi$ B lVSZMS MlV > 63 MSi$ Eyl ^l]l l> l B lVS VSr$ $]l#,
{]l*MS ^l$ MS]l$MPyl.
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]l*]l:
l {M>, {Z lVSZ "9' ]l$ $ $]l# ll = 43 9
= 387 MSi$.
63 MSi $]l#yl ^l]l l$l lVSZ "10' ]l$ $ $]l# ll =
387 + 63 = 450 MSi$.
450 = 45 MSi$.
=
{$l, lVS VSr$ $]l# 10
{Z lVSZ "9' ]l$ $ $]l# ]l>Y ll =
= n ( + (x ) )
2
()
20835
452
10
= 7.65
lVS {]l*MS ^l]l = 7.65 MSi$.
= 2083.5 2025
= 58.5
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QMS >{&7
Ml$
(Measures of Dispersion)
]l*$P$
3 5 10 15 20
$ Q 20 30 40 50 10
ll $ Q 150
]l*]l: _e]l {$Z VS^s ]l@# A]l l$. l
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9
15
20
3
ll
47
]l*]l: ]l@#]l f]lZ VS^s ]l@# A]l l$.
l ]l$_ VSt B$ = .16,000
MSt B$ = . 1000
= 16000&1000 = . 15,000
VS$MS = 16000&1000/
16000+1000 = 15000/17000 = 0.88
s: $V> VS^^l$a, $V> A]lV>]l ^l$M]l^l$a. M> lZ
]l$ M]lyMS C Al MS_alOl$]l Ml M>l$.
]l$l]l$ ^l]l: lZ >$ VSr$ ]l$_ B* >$ ^l ]l$ ]l
AMS]l$l]l* ]l$l]l$ ^l]l As$. D ^l]lZ VSr$ As AMS]l$l]l$,
]l$lVSl, $MSZ HOl M>^l$a. Il V> AMS]l$l]l* $MS$s. D
^l]l {M> x1, x2, x3,... xn ]l$l ]l$ ^l]l =
=
| xi x |
n
xi B* >$$
>$ VSr$
n >$ Q
x
${l A: 196, 198, 198, 199, 200, 200, 201, 201, 202, 205
${l B: 194, 194, 195, 198, 200, 201, 201, 204, 206, 207.
Il ]l$l]l$ ^l E*W_ ylsZ H ${l GMS$P]l MS_alOl$ MS]l$MPyl.
(, l$&2002)
]l*]l: ${l 'A' ]l$_ MS_]l Ps MSr VSr$ $]l# = Ps MSr
$]l# ll/Ps MSr Q
= 196+198+198+....+205/10
= 2000/10 = 200 {V>]l$
Cl lV> ${l 'B' ]l$_ MS_]l Ps MSr VSr$ $]l#
= 194+194+195+....+207/10
= 2000/10 = 200 {V>]l$
CMSPyl VSr$ $]l# As $]l# AMS]l$l]l$ Al * VS]l$^. yl$
${$ M ^l]l Ps MSr VSr$ $]l#$ ]l*]lV> E. C#yl$ ]l$l]l$
^l E*W_ H ${l Ps MSr $]l#$ GMS$P]l MSyl
{l$* MS]l$V.
x
A${l
$]l# (xi)
196
198
198
199
200
200
201
201
202
205
xi x
B${l
$]l# (yi)
yi y
4
2
2
1
0
0
1
1
2
5
194
194
195
198
200
201
201
204
206
207
6
6
5
2
0
1
1
4
6
7
= 18
yi y
= 38
xi x
]l$l]l$ ^l]l =
=
| xi x |
n
= 18/10
( n = Ps MSr Q = 10 )
= 1.8 {V>]l$ ......... (1)
Cl lV> ${l B ]l$l]l$ ^l]l
]l$l]l$ ^l]l =
fi ]l@#]l, di =
xi B* >$$,
>$ VSr$
E: MS l ]l$l]l$ ^l MS]l$MPyl.
$]l#$ ]lMS$ Q
xi x
(kg)
30
20
35
30
40
30
45
20
ll
100
]l*]l: lZ C_a]l $]l#$ >$$ (xi), ]lMS$ Q]l$ ]l@#$ (fi)
A]l$M stMS^lV> &
xi fi
fixi
30 20 600
35 30 1050
40 30 1200
45 20 900
fi=100, fixi=
di = x i x
|fidi|
3037.5= 7.5 150
3537.5 = 2.5 75
4037.5 = 2.5 75
4537.5 = 7.5 150
3750
|fidi|=450
O l AMS]l$l]l$
(x ) =
f i x i
f i
= 3750/100=37.5 kgs
f i d i 450
=
= 4.5 kgs
100
f i
| f i di |
f i
xi x
10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50
30
20
20
30
ll
100
]l*]l: lVS ]l$l $]l (xi) = VS$]ll$+GVS$]ll$/2 Al *{
E*W_ B* lVSl$ ]l$l $]l$ MS]l$V stMS^lV> &
xi
fi
fixi
di = x i x
|fidi|
(x ) =
f i x i
f i
O l AMS]l$l]l$
= 3000/100 = 30 ]l*$P$
=
| f i di |
f i
O l ]l$l]l$ ^l]l
= 1100/100 = 11 ]l*$P$
s: g*$ Z A]l*]ll$ VS^lyMS V> ]l$l]l$
^ll yl$$.
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QMS >{&8
{]l*--MS --^l--]l
(Standard Deviation)
>$-$
--^l---$ -
-^l--- ]l>Y-$
x1
x2
x3
;
;
x1 x
x2 x
(x
x3 x
x1 x
2
x3 x
;
;
xn x
xn
;
;
xn x
^l--- ]l->Y- ll = (x x )
- = ^l--- ]l>Y- AMS-]l$-l-]l$ =
2
(x
);
2
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(x
{-]l*--MS -^l--]l () =
-s: -{-]l*--MS -^l--]l $-]l G--yl* l-l-MSV>-l Er$.
{]l*---MS ^l----MS ]l$- -*-{l:
n
x (x )
n
2
n
{]l*--MS -^l--]l () =
D *{l -M- {l-MS l->-Z ^ A]l--. E----MS$ C_a-]l >$- AMS-]l$l-]l$
MS-t-V> E]l--yl$, C_a-]l >$Z M ^l->-$-$ E]l---yl$, {]l*--MS ^l--]lZ- -r-]l$ ]l-^l-y--MS y *{- yl-.
E: JMS s-]l*-l l]l _]l- 5 -]l*-^l-Z ^l-]l $-VS$-$ D lV> -E--. 40, 50, 60,
40, 50. Il Al- $-VS$-- {]l*--MS ^l--- MS]l$MPyl?
-]l*--]l: AMS-]l$-l-]l$ ( )
>$- ll/>-$- Q
M>-st Al- $-VS$- AMS-]l$-l-]l$ ( )
x =
40 + 50 + 60 + 40 + 50 240
=
= 48
5
5
>$-$
--^l---$
(x
(xn) (x x )
--^l--- ]l>Y-$
40 40-48 = 8
64
50 50-48 = 2
4
60 60-48 = 12
144
40 40-48 = 8
64
50 50-48 = 2
4
(x
) = 280
2
O l {]l*--MS -^l--]l
=
(x
280
= 56 = 7.48
5
= 7.48 $-VS$--$
E: ll-r 'n' -f Q- {]l*--MS ^l-- MS]l$MPyl?
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(x )
n n (n + 1) n + 1
=
=
n
2n
2
12
22
32
;
;
1
2
3
;
;
n
n2
x = (1
2
n
+ 2 2 + 32 + ...... + n 2 )
= n2
M> l-l r
- 'n' -f Q- ]l>Y- ll
n
n (n + 1)(2n + 1)
xn2 =
6
n (n + 1)(2n + 1)
6
O l {]l*--MS ^l--]l
=
x (x )
n
2
n
n (n + 1)(2n + 1) n + 1
=
6n
2
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n + 1 2n + 1 n + 1
2 3
2
n + 1 4 n + 2 3n 3
2
6
n +1 n 1
2 6
n2 1
12
n2 1
12
100
x
As ^l--]l VS$-MS MS-tV> (16.66) E]l ]ly Br-V>-yl {-l--]l-Z -MS-yl GMS$P--]l-V> E
(2)
(1), (2) ]l$_ GMS$P-]l $-VS$--$ ^l ]lMS M>-s ll-s Br-V>-yl--; --MS-yl-V> Byl
]lMS M>-s ]ly Br--V>-yl- G-MS ^l-$-M--.
E: Cl-$ s--l$]l$ (A, B) l]l$ _]l- 5 ]l*^l-Z ^l-]l $-VS$--$ D lV> E-.
Il fr$t-Z-MS G]l-- G-MS -^l-*--?
A
B
50
10
A, B Cl- VS-r$ $-VS$-$ ]l*-]l M>-st B C-l--Z -MS-yl-V> Byl Br-V>-yl- G-MS
^l*-. -MS-yl-]l$ M-]l-y---MS ^l--]l VS$-MS MS_a-l-Ol$. ll-s E----Z ]l$]l 'A'
7.48
100 = 15.58 ___ (1)
48
>$-$
--^l---$
(xn) (x x )
n
(x
--^l--- ]l>Y-$
100
100-48 = +52
2704
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120
120-48 = +72
5184
5
5-48 = 43
1849
5
5-48 = 43
1849
10
10-48 = 38 1444
(x x ) = 13030
-O l- {]l*--MS ^l--]l =
2
(x
n
=
13030
= 2606 = 51.04
5
51.04
100
48
Il i) G]l- {- l$$-V>Y E.
ii) G]l-$ -MS-Oyl-]l {- MS]l---^-$.
]l*--]l: i) -VS-r$ ]l*$P-$ =
ll ]l*$P-$/-S- Q
'A' VS-r$ ]l*$P-$
=
73 + 19 + 63 + 58 + 43 + 39 295
=
= 49.166
6
6
(x )
(y )
66 + 42 + 68 + 48 + 61 + 69 354
=
= 59
6
6
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'A' MSs 'B' VS-r$ ]l*$P-$ A-MS M>-st 'B' {--- l$$-V>Y El- ^l^l$a.
ii) {--Z- -MS-yl-]l$ M--s ^l--]l VS$-M>-$ MS]l$--MP--.
'A' {]l*--MS ^l--]l
73
19
63
58
43
39
5329
361
3969
3364
1849
1521
2
n
= 16,393
x (x )
n
2
n
A - {-]l*--MS ^l--]l =
=
16393
2
(49.166 )
6
= 2732.166 2417.295
= 314.870 = 17.74
A - ^l--]l VS$-MS =
17.74
100 = 36.08
49.166
(1)
66
42
68
4356
1764
4624
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48
61
69
2304
3721
4761
2
n
= 21,530
D l- {]l*--MS ^l--]l =
y (y )
n
2
n
21530
2
(59 )
6
(2)
(1), (2) ]l$_ 'B' ^l--]l VS$-MS lMS$P-]l M>--st 'A' MSs 'B' ---MS-Oyl-]l {- MS]l--$-
$--yl- ^l^l$a.
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R]l*]l
]l$]l k ilZ yl QZ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9 Al AMS$ Es. Al$]l D Q]l$
l>]l*]lZ E A As$.
E:
]l$]l l ilZ yl A Q$.
HOl JMS Q l>]l*]lZ E A *_^s MS lV> >. (Decimal
System)
E:
(596)10 596(10).
O lV> M>MS$y MS]l "596' A > MS*y B Q l>]l*]lZ E]lr$ MSP.
R]l*]l:
"' As yl$ A A. R]l*]lZ ]l$]l "0', "1' Al yl$ AMS]l$ ]l*{ll$
yl. R]l*]lZ H Q A D yl$ AMS ]l*{ll$ Hyl$l$.
R]l*]l AM>s ]ll$V> "2' *]l$ A ^l$M.
"2' *$:
QOMS *l $ Es $]l "1')
20 = 1 (H
21 = 2
22 = 2 2 = 4
23 = 2 2 2 = 8
24 = 2 2 2 2 = 16
AVS 25 = 32
26 = 64,
27 = 128
28 = 256
29 = 512
210 = 1,024.
O $]l]l$ VS$$^l$M.
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26
13 0
61
30
11
0 1
"26']l$ "2' W VS "13', "0' ]l$. MSP]l >>. "13']l$ ]l$ "2'
W VS "6', "1' ]l$. D lV> VS "0' ]l^lal]lMS$ "2' W*
. ]l_a]l ]l$ ("0' "1') MSP]l >*. Cyl$ ]l_a]l ]l$ MS ]l$_ OMS
>*. C > ]l$]lMS$ "11010' ]l$. Cl ]l$]lMS$ M>]l R]l* ]lZ Q.
As (26)10 = (11010)2
(11010)2 A > "11010' Al Q R]l*]lZ E]lr$ A. l 11010(2) A
MS*y >$]l^l$a.
E: (150)10 R]l*]lZMS ]l*ayl.
l]l:
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
21
0
150
75 0
37 1
18 1
9 0
4 1
2 0
0
1
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E:
(1011011)2]l$ l>]l*]lZMS ]l*ayl.
l]l:
C_a]l Q 1 0 110 1 1
"2' *$ 643216 8 4 2
64 + 16 + 8 + 2 + 1 = 91
]l*]l "91'
As (1011011)2 = (91)10
D lV> JMS Q]l$ R]l*]l ]l$_ l>]l*]lZMS l>]l*]l ]l$_
R]l*]lZMS ]l*a]l^l$a.
E:
MS R{Z R N^lyl.
0010, 0011, 0101, , 1011.
0 0 1 0, 0 0 1 1, 0 1 0 1, , 1 0 1 1
8 4 2 1, 8 4 2 1, 8 4 2 1, , 8 4 2 1
= 2, 2 + 1, 4 + 1, , 8 + 2 + 1
= 2, 3, 5, , 11
2
2
2
2
2
26
13
6
3
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
As (26)10 = (11010)2
]l*]l & "11010' A]l#l$.
{MSt MSal
1. "512']l$ R]l*]lZMS ]l*ayl.
2. (10101010)2]l$ l>]l*]lZMS ]l*ayl.
3. MS R{Z R]l$ N^lyl.
G) 00001, 00100, 01001, 10000, ____
) 0010 , 0100, 0110, , 1010
) 0001, 0011, 0101, , 1001
]l*$
1. 1000000000 (1 MSP]l "9'$$)
2. "170'
3. G) 11001
) 1000
) 0111
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