Simple Programs

/* Swapping two numbers (using two variables) - SWAPTWO.C */

# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int a, b ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter two numbers : ") ;
scanf("%d %d", &a, &b) ;
printf("\nBefore swapping : \n\n") ;
printf("a = %d \t b = %d", a, b) ;
a = a + b ;
b = a - b ;
a = a - b ;
printf("\n\nAfter swapping : \n\n") ;
printf("a = %d \t b = %d", a, b) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter two numbers : 10
Before swapping :
a = 10

b = 20

After swapping :
a = 20

b = 10

20

A.2 Programs in C
/* Swapping two numbers (using three variables) - SWAPTHRE.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int a, b, c ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter two numbers : ") ;
scanf("%d %d", &a, &b) ;
printf("\nBefore swapping : \n\n") ;
printf("a = %d \t b = %d", a, b) ;
c = a ;
a = b ;
b = c ;
printf("\n\nAfter swapping : \n\n") ;
printf("a = %d \t b = %d", a, b) ;
getch();
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter two numbers : 10
Before swapping :
a = 10

b = 20

After swapping :
a = 20

b = 10

20

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.3
/* Performing arithmetic operations using switch...case - ARITH.C */
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n1, n2, ch ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the first number : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n1) ;
printf("\nEnter the second number : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n2) ;
printf("\n[1] -> Addition ") ;
printf("\n[2] -> Subtraction ") ;
printf("\n[3] -> Multiplication ") ;
printf("\n[4] -> Division ") ;
printf("\n\nEnter your choice <1...4> : ") ;
scanf("%d", &ch) ;
switch(ch)
{
case 1 :
printf("\n%d + %d = %d", n1, n2, n1 + n2) ;
break ;
case 2 :
printf("\n%d - %d = %d", n1, n2, n1 - n2) ;
break ;
case 3 :
printf("\n%d * %d = %d", n1, n2, n1 * n2);
break ;
case 4 :
printf("\n%d / %d = %.2f", n1, n2, (float)n1 / n2);
break ;
default :
printf("\nInvalid choice");
break ;
}
getch();
}

A.4 Programs in C
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the first number : 10
Enter the second number : 5
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]

->
->
->
->

Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication
Division

Enter your choice <1...4> : 3

10 * 5 = 50

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.5
/* Program to print the multiplication table - MULTABLE.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int r, c, y ;
clrscr() ;
r = 1 ;
printf("The multiplication table is :\n\n") ;
do
{
c = 1 ;
do
{
y = r * c ;
printf("%5d", y) ;
c = c + 1 ;
} while(c <= 10) ;
printf("\n\n") ;
r = r + 1 ;
} while(r <= 10) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
The multiplication table is :
1

10

10

12

14

16

18

20

12

15

18

21

24

27

30

12

16

20

24

28

32

36

40

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

12

18

24

30

36

42

48

54

60

14

21

28

35

42

49

56

63

70

16

24

32

40

48

56

64

72

80

18

27

36

45

54

63

72

81

90

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

A.6 Programs in C
/* Finding the number of 500, 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2, 1 - RUPEE.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int rs, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the amount in Rupees : ") ;
scanf("%d", &rs) ;
while(rs >= 500)
{
a = rs / 500 ;
printf("\nThe no. of five hundreds are : %d", a) ;
break ;
}
while(rs >= 100)
{
b = rs / 100 ;
printf("\n\nThe no. of hundreds are : %d", b) ;
break ;
}
while(rs >= 50)
{
c = rs / 50 ;
printf("\n\nThe no. of fifties are : %d", c) ;
break ;
}
while(rs >= 20)
{
d = rs / 20 ;
printf("\n\nThe no. of twenties are : %d", d) ;
break ;
}
while(rs >= 10)
{
e = rs / 10 ;
printf("\n\nThe no. of tens are : %d", e) ;
break ;
}
while(rs >= 5)
{
f = rs / 5 ;
printf("\n\nThe no. of fives are : %d", f) ;
break ;
}

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.7
while(rs >= 2)
{
g = rs / 2 ;
printf("\n\nThe no. of Twos are : %d", g) ;
break ;
}
while(rs >= 1)
{
h = rs / 1 ;
printf("\n\nThe no. of ones are : %d", h) ;
break ;
}
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the amount in Rupees : 179

The no. of hundreds are : 1

The no. of fifties are : 3
The no. of twenties are : 8
The no. of tens are : 17
The no. of fives are : 35
The no. of Twos are : 89
The no. of ones are : 179

A.8 Programs in C
/* Printing addition table of the given number - ADDITION.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int i, t, n ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the table : ") ;
scanf("%d", &t) ;
printf("\nEnter the limit : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
printf("\nThe table is :\n\n") ;
for(i = 1 ; i <= n ; i++)
printf("%4d + %4d = %4d\n", i, t, i + t) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the table : 5
Enter the limit : 15
The table is :
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.9
/* Program to print the multiplication table - MULTIPLY.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int i, t, n ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the table : ") ;
scanf("%d", &t) ;
printf("\nEnter the limit : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
printf("\nThe table is :\n\n") ;
for(i = 1 ; i <= n ; i++)
printf("%4d x %4d = %4d\n", i, t, i * t) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the table : 5
Enter the limit : 15
The table is :
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75

A.10 Programs in C
/* Finding the biggest of 3 numbers using if...else - BIGIFEL.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int a, b, c ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter three numbers : ") ;
scanf("%d %d %d", &a, &b, &c) ;
if(a > b)
{
if(a > c)
printf("\n%d is the biggest number", a) ;
else
printf("\n%d is the biggest number", c) ;
}
else
{
if(c > b)
printf("\n%d is the biggest number", c) ;
else
printf("\n%d is the biggest number", b) ;
}
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter three numbers : 10

20

30

30

10

10

20

30 is the biggest number

RUN 2 :
~~~~~~~
Enter three numbers : 20
30 is the biggest number
RUN 3 :
~~~~~~~
Enter three numbers : 30
30 is the biggest number

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.11
/* Biggest of 3 numbers using ternary operator - BIGTER.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int a, b, c, big ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter three numbers : ") ;
scanf("%d %d %d", &a, &b, &c) ;
big = a > b ? (a > c ? a : c) : (b > c ? b : c) ;
printf("\nThe biggest number is : %d", big) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter three numbers : 10

20

30

The biggest number is : 30

RUN 2 :
~~~~~~~
Enter three numbers : 20

30

10

10

20

The biggest number is : 30

RUN 3 :
~~~~~~~
Enter three numbers : 30
The biggest number is : 30

A.12 Programs in C
/* To find the average of first n natural numbers - AVERAGE.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int n, i ;
float sum = 0, avg ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the limit : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
for(i = 1 ; i <= n ; i++)
sum = sum + i ;
avg = sum / n ;
printf("\nAverage of first %d numbers is : %.2f", n, avg) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the limit : 5
Average of first 5 numbers is : 3.00

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.13
/* To count the number of digits in an integer - DIGCOUNT.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int n, count = 0 ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter a number : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
while(n > 0)
{
count++ ;
n = n / 10 ;
}
printf("\nThe number of digits is : %d", count) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter a number : 179
The number of digits is : 3

A.14 Programs in C
/* Program to find the sum of digits of an integer - DIGITSUM.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int n, r, s = 0 ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter a number : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
while(n > 0)
{
r = n % 10 ;
s = s + r ;
n = n / 10 ;
}
printf("\nThe sum of the digits is : %d", s) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter a number : 12345
The sum of the digits is : 15

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.15
/* Print the numbers that are divisible by a given no. - DIVIDE.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int i, n, d ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the limit : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
printf("\nEnter the number : ") ;
scanf("%d", &d) ;
printf("\nThe numbers divisible by %d are :\n\n", d) ;
for(i = 1 ; i <= n ; i++)
if(i % d == 0)
printf("%d\t", i) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the limit : 15
Enter the number : 3
The numbers divisible by 3 are :
3

12

15

A.16 Programs in C
/* To print all the divisors of a given number - DIVISORS.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int i, n ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the number : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
printf("\nThe divisors are :\n\n") ;
for(i = 1 ; i <= n ; i++)
if(n % i == 0)
printf("%d\t", i) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the number : 15
The divisors are :
1

15

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.17
/* Program for reversing an integer - REVERSE.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
long n, r, s = 0 ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter a number : ") ;
scanf("%ld", &n) ;
while(n > 0)
{
r = n % 10 ;
s = r + s * 10 ;
n = n / 10 ;
}
printf("\nThe reversed number is : %ld", s) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter a number : 2468
The Reversed Numeral is : 8642

A.18 Programs in C
/* Program to find the sum of odd and even numbers - SUMODDEV.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int n, i, osum = 0, esum = 0 ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the limit : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
for(i = 1 ; i <= n ; i = i + 2)
osum = osum + i ;
for(i = 2 ; i <= n ; i = i + 2)
esum = esum + i ;
printf("\nThe odd numbers sum is : %d", osum) ;
printf("\n\nThe even numbers sum is : %d", esum) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the limit : 10
The odd numbers sum is : 25
The even numbers sum is : 30

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.19
/* Program to find the sum of fibonacci series - SUMFIBO.C*/
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int a = -1, b = 1, c = 0, i, n, sum = 0 ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the limit : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
printf("\nThe fibonacci series is : \n\n") ;
for(i = 1 ; i <= n ; i++)
{
c = a + b ;
printf("%d \t", c) ;
sum = sum + c ;
a = b ;
b = c ;
}
printf("\n\nThe sum of the fibonacci series is : %d", sum) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the limit : 5
The fibonacci series is :
0

The sum of the fibonacci series is : 7

A.20 Programs in C
/* Program to find the day of the given date - DAY.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int month[12] = {31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};
int date, mon, year, i, r, s = 0 ;
char week[7][10] ;
clrscr();
strcpy(week[0], "Sunday") ;
strcpy(week[1], "Monday") ;
strcpy(week[2], "Tuesday") ;
strcpy(week[3], "Wednesday") ;
strcpy(week[4], "Thursday") ;
strcpy(week[5], "Friday") ;
strcpy(week[6], "Saturday") ;
printf("Enter a valid date (dd/mm/yyyy) : ") ;
scanf("%d / %d / %d", &date, &mon, &year) ;
if( (year / 4 == 0) && (year % 400 == 0) && (year % 100 != 0) )
month[1] = 29 ;
for(i = 0 ; i < mon - 1 ; i++)
s = s + month[i] ;
s = s + (date + year + (year / 4) - 2) ;
s = s % 7 ;
printf("\nThe day is : %s", week[s]) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter a valid date (dd/mm/yyyy) : 02/11/1977
The day is : Wednesday

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.21

Condition Checking Programs

/* To find whether the given number is even or odd - CHKODDEV.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int num ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter a number : ") ;
scanf("%d", &num) ;
if(num % 2 == 0)
printf("\nThe given number is even") ;
else
printf("\nThe given number is odd") ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter a number : 10
The given number is even
RUN 2 :
~~~~~~~
Enter a number : 5
The given number is odd

A.22 Programs in C
/* To check whether the person is in teen age or not - CHKTEEN.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int age ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the age : ") ;
scanf("%d", &age) ;
if(age >= 13 && age <= 19)
printf("\nThe person is in teen age.") ;
else
printf("\nThe person is not in teen age.") ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the age : 16
The person is in teen age.
RUN 2 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the age : 21
The person is not in teen age.

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.23
/* Check whether the person is eligible to vote or not - CHKVOTE.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int age ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the age : ") ;
scanf("%d", &age) ;
if(age >= 18)
printf("\nThe person is eligible to vote.") ;
else
printf("\nThe person is not eligible to vote.") ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the age : 20
The person is eligible to vote.
RUN 2 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the age : 16
The person is not eligible to vote.

A.24 Programs in C
/* To find the given no. is perfect no. or not - CHKPERNO.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
# include <math.h>
void main()
{
int i, n, s = 0 ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter a number : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
for(i = 1 ; i < n ; i++)
{
if(n % i == 0)
s = s + i ;
}
if (s == n)
printf("\n%d is a perfect number", n) ;
else
printf("\n%d is not a perfect number", n) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter a number : 6
6 is a perfect number
RUN 2 :
~~~~~~~
Enter a number : 28
28 is a perfect number
RUN 3 :
~~~~~~~
Enter a number : 12
12 is not a perfect number

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.25
/* To find the given no. is perfect square or not - CHKPERSQ.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
# include <math.h>
void main()
{
int m, n ;
float p ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter a number : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
p = sqrt(n) ;
m = p ;
if (p == m)
printf("\n%d is a perfect square", n) ;
else
printf("\n%d is not a perfect square", n) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter a number : 81
81 is a perfect square
RUN 2 :
~~~~~~~
Enter a number : 12
12 is not a perfect square

A.26 Programs in C
/* To check whether the given no. is prime or not - CHKPRIME.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int i, n, flag = 0 ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the Number : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
if(n <= 3)
flag = 0 ;
else
{
for(i = 2 ; i <= n / 2 ; i++)
if(n % i == 0)
{
flag = 1 ;
break ;
}
}
if(flag == 1)
printf("\nThe number is not prime") ;
else
printf("\nThe number is prime") ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the Number : 6
The number is not prime
RUN 2 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the Number : 11
The number is prime

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.27
/* To find the given number is armstrong or not - CHKARMST.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int n, r, s = 0, t ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter a number : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
t = n ;
while(n > 0)
{
r = n % 10 ;
s = s + (r * r * r) ;
n = n / 10 ;
}
if(s == t)
printf("\n%d is an armstrong number", t) ;
else
printf("\n%d is not an armstrong number", t) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter a number : 153
153 is an armstrong number
RUN 2 :
~~~~~~~
Enter a number : 123
123 is not an armstrong number

A.28 Programs in C

Arrays Programs
/* To display only the positive elements of the array - ARRPOS.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int a[20], i, n ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the limit : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
printf("\nEnter the elements :\n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
scanf("%d", &a[i]) ;
printf("\nThe positive elements are :\n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
{
if(a[i] > 0)
printf("%d\t", a[i]) ;
}
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the limit : 5
Enter the elements :
10

-20

30

-40

The positive elements are :

10

30

-50

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.29
/* To display only the negative elements of the array - ARRNEG.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int a[20], i, n ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the limit : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
printf("\nEnter the elements :\n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
scanf("%d", &a[i]) ;
printf("\nThe negative elements are :\n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
{
if(a[i] < 0)
printf("%d\t", a[i]) ;
}
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the limit : 5
Enter the elements :
10

-20

30

-40

The negative elements are :

-20

-40

-50

-50

A.30 Programs in C
/* To find the sum of +VE & -VE elements in an array - ARPOSNEG.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int a[20], i, n, psum = 0, nsum = 0 ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the limit : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
printf("\nEnter the elements :\n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
scanf("%d", &a[i]) ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
{
if(a[i] > 0)
psum = psum + a[i] ;
if(a[i] < 0)
nsum = nsum + a[i] ;
}
printf("\nSum of positive elements is : %d", psum) ;
printf("\n\nSum of negative elements is : %d", nsum) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the limit : 5
Enter the elements :
-10

30

50

-20

40

Sum of positive elements is : 120

Sum of negative elements is : -30

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.31
/* Program to read and reverse an array - ARRREV.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int a[20], i, n ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the limit : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
printf("\nEnter the elements :\n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
scanf("%d", &a[i]) ;
printf("\nThe reversed array is :\n\n") ;
for(i = n - 1 ; i >= 0 ; i--)
printf("%d\t", a[i]) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the limit : 5
Enter the elements :
20

30

50

10

40

30

20

The reversed array is :

40

10

50

A.32 Programs in C

Values Computing Programs

/* Program to find the factorial of a given number - FACT.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
long n, i, f = 1 ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter a number : ") ;
scanf("%ld", &n) ;
for(i = 1 ; i <= n ; i++)
f = f * i ;
printf("\nFactorial value of %ld is : %ld", n, f) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter a number : 5
Factorial value of 5 is : 120

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.33
/* Program to find NCR value of the given numbers - NCR.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
long fact(int) ;
void main()
{
long i, ncr ;
int n, r ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the value for N : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
printf("\nEnter the value for R : ") ;
scanf("%d", &r) ;
if(n >= r)
{
ncr = fact(n) / (fact(n-r) * fact(r)) ;
printf("\nThe NCR value is : %ld", ncr) ;
}
else
printf("\nCalculating NCR value is not possible") ;
getch() ;
}
long fact(int i)
{
long x ;
if(i == 0)
return 1 ;
else
{
x = i * fact(i - 1) ;
return x ;
}
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the value for N : 7
Enter the value for R : 5
The NCR value is : 21
RUN 2 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the value for N : 5
Enter the value for R : 7
Calculating NCR value is not possible

A.34 Programs in C
/* Program to find the value of x^n - POWER.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int x, n, count = 1, sum = 1 ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the value of x : ") ;
scanf("%d", &x) ;
printf("\nEnter the value of n : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
while(count <= n)
{
sum = sum * x ;
count ++ ;
}
printf("\nThe power of %d^%d is : %d", x, n, sum) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the value of x : 2
Enter the value of n : 4
The power of 2^4 is : 16

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.35
/* Program to find LCM and GCD of the given two numbers - LCMGCD.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int n1, n2, prod, gcd, lcm ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the two numbers : ") ;
scanf("%d %d", &n1, &n2) ;
prod = n1 * n2 ;
while(n1 != n2)
{
if(n1 > n2)
n1 = n1 - n2 ;
if(n2 > n1)
n2 = n2 - n1 ;
}
gcd = n1 ;
lcm = prod / gcd ;
printf("\nThe GCD is : %d", gcd) ;
printf("\n\nThe LCM is : %d", lcm);
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the two numbers : 10
The GCD is : 2
The LCM is : 40

A.36 Programs in C
/* Program to find the roots of a quadratic equation - QUADRAT.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
# include <math.h>
void main()
{
float a, b, c, d, real, imag, r1, r2, n ;
int k ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the values of A, B & C : ") ;
scanf("%f %f %f", &a, &b, &c) ;
if(a != 0)
{
d = b * b - 4 * a * c ;
if(d < 0)
k = 1 ;
if(d == 0)
k = 2 ;
if(d > 0)
k = 3;
switch(k)
{
case 1 :
printf("\nRoots are imaginary\n") ;
real = - b / (2 * a) ;
d = - d ;
n = pow((double) d, (double) 0.5) ;
imag = n / (2 * a) ;
printf("\nr1 = %7.2f + j%7.2f", real, imag) ;
printf("\nr2 = %7.2f - j%7.2f", real, imag) ;
break ;
case 2 :
printf("\nRoots are real and equal\n") ;
r1 = - b / (2 * a) ;
printf("\nr1 = r2 = %7.2f", r1) ;
break ;
case 3 :
printf("\nRoots are real and unequal\n") ;
r1 = (- b + sqrt((double) d)) / (2 * a) ;
r2 = (- b - sqrt((double) d)) / (2 * a) ;
printf("\nr1 = %7.2f",r1) ;
printf("\nr2 = %7.2f",r2) ;
break ;
}
}
else
printf("\nEquation is linear") ;
getch() ;
}

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.37
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the values of A, B & C : 0.0

4.0

7.0

Equation is linear
RUN 2 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the values of A, B & C : 1.0

2.0

7.0

Roots are imaginary

r1 =
r2 =

-1.00 + j
-1.00 - j

2.45
2.45

RUN 3 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the values of A, B & C : 1.0

2.0

1.0

7.0

1.0

Roots are real and equal

r1 = r2 =

-1.00

RUN 4 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the Values of A, B & C : 2.0
Roots are real and unequal
r1 =
r2 =

-0.15
-3.35

A.38 Programs in C
/* Simultaneous equation using gauss elimination method - GAUSS.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int i, j, k, n ;
float a[20][20], x[20] ;
double s, p ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the number of equations : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
printf("\nEnter the co-efficients of the equations :\n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
{
for(j = 0 ; j < n ; j++)
{
printf("a[%d][%d] = ", i + 1, j + 1) ;
scanf("%f", &a[i][j]) ;
}
printf("b[%d] = ", i + 1) ;
scanf("%f", &a[i][n]) ;
}
for(k = 0 ; k < n - 1 ; k++)
{
for(i = k + 1 ; i < n ; i++)
{
p = a[i][k] / a[k][k] ;
for(j = k ; j < n + 1 ; j++)
a[i][j] = a[i][j] - p * a[k][j] ;
}
}
x[n-1] = a[n-1][n] / a[n-1][n-1] ;
for(i = n - 2 ; i >= 0 ; i--)
{
s = 0 ;
for(j = i + 1 ; j < n ; j++)
{
s += (a[i][j] * x[j]) ;
x[i] = (a[i][n] - s) / a[i][i] ;
}
}
printf("\nThe result is :\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
printf("\nx[%d] = %.2f", i + 1, x[i]) ;
getch() ;
}

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.39
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the number of equations : 3
Enter the co-efficients of the equations :
a[1][1] =
a[1][2] =
a[1][3] =
b[1] = 12
a[2][1] =
a[2][2] =
a[2][3] =
b[2] = 13
a[3][1] =
a[3][2] =
a[3][3] =
b[3] = 7

10
1
1
2
10
1
1
1
5

The result is :
x[1] = 1.00
x[2] = 1.00
x[3] = 1.00

A.40 Programs in C

Conversion Programs
/* To convert temperature in centigrade to farenheit - CTOF.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
float c, f ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the centigrade : ") ;
scanf("%f", &c) ;
f = (1.8 * c + 32) ;
printf("\nThe farenheit is : %.2f", f) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the centigrade : 45
The farenheit is : 113.00

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.41
/* To convert temperature in farenheit to centigrade - FTOC.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
float c, f ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the farenheit : ") ;
scanf("%f", &f) ;
c = (f - 32) / 1.8 ;
printf("\nThe centigrade is : %.2f", c) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the farenheit : 113
The centigrade is : 45.00

A.42 Programs in C
/* To convert the given number (1 to 10) to characters - INTTOCH.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int n ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter a number <1 to 10> : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
switch(n)
{
case 1 :
printf("\nONE") ;
break ;
case 2 :
printf("\nTWO") ;
break ;
case 3 :
printf("\nTHREE") ;
break ;
case 4 :
printf("\nFOUR") ;
break ;
case 5 :
printf("\nFIVE") ;
break ;
case 6 :
printf("\nSIX") ;
break ;
case 7 :
printf("\nSEVEN") ;
break ;
case 8 :
printf("\nEIGHT") ;
break ;
case 9 :
printf("\nNINE") ;
break ;
case 10 :
printf("\nTEN") ;
break ;
default :
printf("\nInvalid Input.") ;
}
getch() ;
}

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.43
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter a number <1 to 10> : 7
SEVEN

A.44 Programs in C
/* Program to change an integer to words - NUMTOWD.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
long n, a[10], i, c = 0 ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter a number : ") ;
scanf("%ld", &n) ;
while(n > 0)
{
a[c] = n % 10 ;
n = n / 10 ;
c++ ;
}
printf("\n") ;
for(i = c - 1 ; i >= 0 ; i--)
{
switch(a[i])
{
case 0 :
printf("ZERO ") ;
break ;
case 1 :
printf("ONE ") ;
break ;
case 2 :
printf("TWO ") ;
break ;
case 3 :
printf("THREE ") ;
break ;
case 4 :
printf("FOUR ") ;
break ;
case 5 :
printf("FIVE ") ;
break ;
case 6 :
printf("SIX ") ;
break ;
case 7 :
printf("SEVEN ") ;
break ;
case 8 :
printf("EIGHT ") ;
break ;

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.45
case 9 :
printf("NINE ") ;
break ;
}
}
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter a number : 225589
TWO TWO FIVE FIVE EIGHT NINE

A.46 Programs in C
/* To convert a decimal number to a binary number - DECTOBIN.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
long b[20], n, r, c = 0, i ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter a decimal number : ") ;
scanf("%ld", &n) ;
while(n > 0)
{
r = n % 2 ;
b[c] = r ;
n = n / 2 ;
c++ ;
}
printf("\nThe binary equivalent is : ");
for(i = c - 1 ; i >= 0 ; i--)
printf("%ld", b[i]) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter a decimal number : 12
The binary equivalent is : 1100

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.47
/* To convert a binary number to a decimal number - BINTODEC.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
# include <math.h>
void main()
{
int i = 0, j = 0, sum = 0 ;
long int n ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the binary number : ") ;
scanf("%ld", &n) ;
if(n != 0)
{
i = n % 10 ;
if(i == 0 || i == 1)
{
while(n != 0)
{
i = n % 10 ;
sum = sum + i * pow(2, j) ;
n = n / 10 ;
j ++ ;
}
}
}
if(sum == 0)
printf("\nThe number is not a binary number") ;
else
printf("\nThe equivalent decimal number is : %d", sum) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the binary number : 1100
The equivalent decimal number is : 12
RUN 2 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the binary number : 15
The number is not a binary number

A.48 Programs in C

Series Calculation Programs

/* Program to calculate the cosine series - CALCOS.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
# include <math.h>
void main()
{
int i, n ;
float x, val, sum = 1, t = 1 ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the value for x : ") ;
scanf("%f", &x) ;
printf("\nEnter the value for n : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
val = x ;
x = x * 3.14159 / 180 ;
for(i = 1 ; i < n + 1 ; i++)
{
t = t * pow((double) (-1), (double) (2 * i - 1)) *
x * x / (2 * i * (2 * i - 1)) ;
sum = sum + t ;
}
printf("\nCosine value of %f is : %8.4f", val, sum) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the value for x : 60
Enter the value for n : 20
Cosine value of 60.000000 is :

0.5000

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.49
/* Program to calculate the sine series - CALSIN.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
# include <math.h>
void main()
{
int i, n ;
float x, val, sum, t ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the value for x : ") ;
scanf("%f", &x) ;
printf("\nEnter the value for n : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
val = x ;
x = x * 3.14159 / 180 ;
t = x ;
sum = x ;
for(i = 1 ; i < n + 1 ; i++)
{
t = (t * pow((double) (-1), (double) (2 * i - 1)) *
x * x) / (2 * i * (2 * i + 1)) ;
sum = sum + t ;
}
printf("\nSine value of %f is : %8.4f", val, sum) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the value for x : 30
Enter the value for n : 20
Sine value of 30.000000 is :

0.5000

A.50 Programs in C
/* Program to calculate the exponential series - CALEXP.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int i, n, exp;
float x, sum = 1, t = 1 ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the value for x : ") ;
scanf("%f", &x) ;
printf("\nEnter the value for n : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
for(i = 1 ; i < n + 1 ; i++)
{
exp = i ;
t = t * x / exp ;
sum = sum + t ;
}
printf("\nExponential Value of %f is : %8.4f", x, sum) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the value for x : 2
Enter the value for n : 20
Exponential Value of 2.000000 is :

7.3891

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.51

Series Generation Programs

/* Program to generate Floyd's triangle - FLOYDS.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int r, i, j, c = 1 ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the number of rows : ") ;
scanf("%d", &r) ;
printf("\nFloyd's triangle is : \n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < r ; i++)
{
for(j = 0 ; j <= i ; j++)
{
printf("%-6d", c) ;
c++ ;
}
printf("\n\n") ;
}
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the number of rows : 5
Floyd's triangle is :
1
2

10

11

12

13

14

15

A.52 Programs in C
/* Program to generate Pascal's triangle - PASCALS.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int b, p, q, r, x ;
clrscr() ;
b = 1 ;
q = 0 ;
printf("Enter the number of rows : ") ;
scanf("%d", &p) ;
printf("\nPascal's triangle is : \n\n") ;
while (q < p)
{
for(r = 40 - 3 * q ; r > 0 ; --r)
printf(" ") ;
for(x = 0 ; x <= q ; ++x)
{
if((x == 0) || (q == 0))
b = 1 ;
else
b = (b * (q - x + 1)) / x ;
printf("%6d", b) ;
}
printf("\n\n") ;
++q ;
}
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the number of rows : 5
Pascal's triangle is :
1
1
1
1
1

1
2

3
4

1
3

1
4

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.53
/* Program to generate Trigonometric Table - GENTRIG */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
# include <math.h>
void main()
{
float r ;
int i ;
char ch ;
clrscr() ;
printf("- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -") ;
printf("\nAngle \t Sin \t Cos \t Tan \n") ;
printf("- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -") ;
for(i = 0 ; i <= 180 ; i = i + 30)
{
r = i * 3.14159 / 180 ;
printf("\n%3d \t %5.2f \t %5.2f \t %5.2f\n",
i, sin(r), cos(r), tan(r));
}
printf("- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -") ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Angle
Sin
Cos
Tan
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0
0.00
1.00
0.00
30

0.50

0.87

0.58

60

0.87

0.50

1.73

90

1.00

0.00

120

0.87

-0.50

-1.73

150

0.50

-0.87

-0.58

788898.12

180
0.00
-1.00
-0.00
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

A.54 Programs in C
/* Program to generate permutation - GENPERM.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
# include <string.h>
void main()
{
int n, i, k = 0 ;
char a[10] ;
void perm(char a[10], int k, int n) ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the string : ") ;
scanf("%s", a) ;
printf("\nThe permutation is :\n") ;
n = strlen(a) ;
perm(a, k, n) ;
getch() ;
}
void perm(char a[10], int k, int n)
{
char t, d[10] ;
int i ;
if(k == n)
{
printf("\n%s", a) ;
return ;
}
else
{
for(i = k ; i < n ; i++)
{
t = a[i] ;
a[i] = a[k] ;
a[k] = t ;
strcpy(d, a) ;
perm(d, k + 1, n) ;
}
}
}

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.55
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the string : abc
The permutation is :
abc
acb
bac
bca
cab
cba

A.56 Programs in C
/* Program to generate magic square - GENMAGIC.C */
# include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int n, i, j, c, a[9][9] ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the size of the magic square : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
if (n % 2 == 0)
{
printf("\nMagic square is not possible") ;
goto end ;
}
printf("\nThe magic square for %d x %d is :\n\n", n, n) ;
j = (n + 1) / 2 ;
i = 1 ;
for(c = 1 ; c <= n * n ; c++)
{
a[i][j] = c ;
if(c % n == 0)
{
i = i + 1 ;
goto loop ;
}
if(i == 1)
i = n ;
else
i = i - 1 ;
if(j == n)
j = 1;
else
j = j + 1 ;
loop : ;
}
for (i = 1 ; i <= n ; i++)
{
for (j = 1 ; j <= n ; j++)
{
printf("%d\t", a[i][j]) ;
}
printf("\n\n") ;
}
end : ;
getch() ;
}

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.57
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the size of the magic square : 3
The magic square for 3 x 3 is :
8

RUN 2 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the size of the magic square : 4
Magic square is not possible

A.58 Programs in C
/* Program to generate odd and even numbers - GENODDEV.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int n, i ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the limit : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
printf("\nThe odd numbers are :\n\n") ;
for(i = 1 ; i <= n ; i = i + 2)
printf("%d\t", i) ;
printf("\n\nThe even numbers are :\n\n") ;
for(i = 2 ; i <= n ; i = i + 2)
printf("%d\t", i) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the limit : 10
The odd numbers are :
1

10

The even numbers are :

2

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.59
/* Program to generete fibonacci series - GENFIBO.C*/
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int a = -1, b = 1, c = 0, i, n ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the limit : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
printf("\nThe fibonacci series is : \n\n") ;
for(i = 1 ; i <= n ; i++)
{
c = a + b ;
printf("%d \t", c) ;
a = b ;
b = c ;
}
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the limit : 7
The fibonacci series is :
0

A.60 Programs in C
/* Program to generate prime numbers - GENPRIME.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int i, j, n ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the limit : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
printf("\nThe prime numbers are :\n\n") ;
for (i = 1 ; i <= n ; i++)
{
if(i <= 3)
{
printf("%d\t", i) ;
}
else
{
for (j = 2; j <= i / 2 ; j ++)
{
if (i % j == 0)
goto loop ;
}
printf("%d\t", i) ;
loop : ;
}
}
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the limit : 10
The prime numbers are :
1

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.61
/* Program to generate armstrong numbers - GENARMST.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int i, a, r, s, n ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the limit : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
printf("\nThe armstrong numbers are :\n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i <= n ; i++)
{
a = i ;
s = 0 ;
while(a > 0)
{
r = a % 10 ;
s = s + (r * r * r) ;
a = a / 10 ;
}
if(i == s)
printf("%d\t", i) ;
}
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the limit : 1000
The armstrong numbers are :
0

153

370

371

407

A.62 Programs in C

Matrix Manipulation Programs

/* To find sum of all the elements of the given matrix - MATSUM.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int mat[10][10] ;
int i, j, row, col, sum = 0 ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the order of the matrix : ") ;
scanf("%d %d", &row, &col) ;
printf("\nEnter the elements of the matrix : \n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < row ; i++)
for(j = 0 ; j < col ; j++)
scanf("%d", &mat[i][j]) ;
for(i = 0 ; i < row ; i++)
for(j = 0 ; j < col ; j++)
sum = sum + mat[i][j] ;
printf("\nThe sum of the elements in the matrix is : %d", sum) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the order of the matrix : 3

Enter the elements of the matrix :

1
4
7

2
5
8

3
6
9

The sum of the elements in the matrix is : 45

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.63
/* Find sum of diagonal elements of the given matrix - MATDIAG.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int mat[10][10] ;
int i, j, size, sum = 0 ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter size of the square matrix : ") ;
scanf("%d", &size) ;
printf("\nEnter the elements of the matrix : \n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < size ; i++)
for(j = 0 ; j < size ; j++)
scanf("%d", &mat[i][j]) ;
for(i = 0 ; i < size ; i++)
sum = sum + mat[i][i] ;
printf("\nThe sum of diagonal elements in the matrix is : %d",
sum) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter size of the square matrix : 3
Enter the elements of the matrix :
1
4
7

2
5
8

3
6
9

The sum of diagonal elements in the matrix is : 15

A.64 Programs in C
/* Find smallest & biggest elements of the given
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int mat[10][10] ;
int i, j, row, col, small, big ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the order of the matrix : ") ;
scanf("%d %d", &row, &col) ;
printf("\nEnter the elements of the matrix :
for(i = 0 ; i < row ; i++)
for(j = 0 ; j < col ; j++)
scanf("%d", &mat[i][j]) ;
big = mat[0][0] ;
small = mat[0][0] ;
for(i = 0 ; i < row ; i++)
{
for(j = 0 ; j < col ; j++)
{
if(mat[i][j] < small)
small = mat[i][j] ;
if(mat[i][j] > big)
big = mat[i][j] ;
}
}
printf("\nThe smallest element in the matrix
printf("The biggest element in the matrix is
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the order of the matrix : 3

Enter the elements of the matrix :

4
9
1

5
7
2

6
8
3

The smallest element in the matrix is : 1

The biggest element in the matrix is

: 9

matrix - MATNUM.C */

\n\n") ;

is : %d\n\n",small);
: %d", big) ;

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.65
/* Find the sum of upper & lower traiangular elements # include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int mat[10][10] ;
int i, j, size, upper = 0, lower = 0 ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter size of the square matrix : ") ;
scanf("%d", &size) ;
printf("\nEnter the elements of the matrix : \n\n")
for(i = 0 ; i < size ; i++)
for(j = 0 ; j < size ; j++)
scanf("%d", &mat[i][j]) ;
printf("\nThe upper triangular matrix is : \n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < size ; i++)
{
for(j = 0 ; j < size ; j++)
{
if(i <= j)
{
printf("%d\t", mat[i][j]) ;
upper = upper + mat[i][j] ;
}
else
printf("\t") ;
}
printf("\n") ;
}
printf("\nThe lower triangular matrix is : \n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < size ; i++)
{
for(j = 0 ; j < size ; j++)
{
if(j <= i)
{
printf("%d\t", mat[i][j]) ;
lower = lower + mat[i][j] ;
}
else
printf("\t") ;
}
printf("\n") ;
}
printf("\nThe sum of upper triangular elements is :
printf("\nThe sum of lower triangular elements is :
getch() ;
}

MATUPLOW.C */

%d\n",upper);
%d", lower) ;

A.66 Programs in C
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter size of the square matrix : 3
Enter the elements of the matrix :
1
4
7

2
5
8

3
6
9

The upper triangular matrix is :

1

2
5

3
6
9

The lower triangular matrix is :

1
4
7

5
8

The sum of upper triangular elements is : 26

The sum of lower triangular elements is : 34

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.67
/* To find the given matrix is a unit matrix or not - MATUNIT.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int mat[10][10] ;
int i, j, size, flag = 1 ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter size of the square matrix : ") ;
scanf("%d", &size) ;
printf("\nEnter the elements of the matrix : \n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < size ; i++)
for(j = 0 ; j < size ; j++)
scanf("%d", &mat[i][j]) ;
for(i = 0 ; i < size ; i++)
{
for(j = 0 ; j < size ; j++)
{
if(i == j)
if(mat[i][j] != 1)
flag = 0 ;
if(i != j)
if(mat[i][j] != 0)
flag = 0 ;
}
}
if(flag == 1)
printf("\nThe matrix is an unit matrix") ;
else
printf("\nThe matrix is not an unit matrix") ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter size of the square matrix : 3
Enter the elements of the matrix :
1
0
0

0
1
0

0
0
1

The matrix is an unit matrix

A.68 Programs in C
RUN 2 :
~~~~~~~
Enter size of the square matrix : 3
Enter the elements of the matrix :
1
4
6

2
1
7

3
5
1

The matrix is not an unit matrix

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.69
/* Program to transpose the given matrix - MATTRANS.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int mat[10][10] ;
int i, j, row, col ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the order of the matrix : ") ;
scanf("%d %d", &row, &col) ;
printf("\nEnter the elements of the matrix : \n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < row ; i++)
for(j = 0 ; j < col ; j++)
scanf("%d", &mat[i][j]) ;
printf("\nThe transpose matrix is : \n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < col ; i++)
{
for(j = 0 ; j < row ; j++)
{
printf("%d \t", mat[j][i]) ;
}
printf("\n") ;
}
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the order of the matrix : 2
Enter the elements of the matrix :
1
4

2
5

3
6

The transpose matrix is :

1
2
3

4
5
6

A.70 Programs in C
/* Program to add the given two matrices - MATADD.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int mata[10][10], matb[10][10], matc[10][10] ;
int i, j, row, col ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the order of the matrix : ") ;
scanf("%d %d", &row, &col) ;
printf("\nEnter the elements of first matrix : \n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < row ; i++)
for(j = 0 ; j < col ; j++)
scanf("%d", &mata[i][j]) ;
printf("\nEnter the elements of second matrix : \n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < row ; i++)
for(j = 0 ; j < col ; j++)
scanf("%d", &matb[i][j]) ;
for(i = 0 ; i < row ; i++)
for(j = 0 ; j < col ; j++)
matc[i][j] = mata[i][j] + matb[i][j] ;
printf("\nThe resultant matrix is : \n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < row ; i++)
{
for(j = 0 ; j < col ; j++)
{
printf("%d \t", matc[i][j]) ;
}
printf("\n") ;
}
getch() ;
}

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.71
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the order of the matrix : 3
Enter the elements of first matrix :
1
7
13

3
9
15

5
11
17

Enter the elements of second matrix :

2
8
14

4
10
16

6
12
18

The resultant matrix is :

3
15
27

7
19
31

11
23
35

A.72 Programs in C
/* Program to subtract the given two matrices - MATSUB.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int mata[10][10], matb[10][10], matc[10][10] ;
int i, j, row, col ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the order of the matrix : ") ;
scanf("%d %d", &row, &col) ;
printf("\nEnter the elements of first matrix : \n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < row ; i++)
for(j = 0 ; j < col ; j++)
scanf("%d", &mata[i][j]) ;
printf("\nEnter the elements of second matrix : \n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < row ; i++)
for(j = 0 ; j < col ; j++)
scanf("%d", &matb[i][j]) ;
for(i = 0 ; i < row ; i++)
for(j = 0 ; j < col ; j++)
matc[i][j] = mata[i][j] - matb[i][j] ;
printf("\nThe resultant matrix is : \n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < row ; i++)
{
for(j = 0 ; j < col ; j++)
{
printf("%d \t", matc[i][j]) ;
}
printf("\n") ;
}
getch() ;
}

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.73
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the order of the matrix : 3
Enter the elements of first matrix :
5
20
35

10
25
40

15
30
45

Enter the elements of second matrix :

2
8
14

4
10
16

6
12
18

The resultant matrix is :

3
12
21

6
15
24

9
18
27

A.74 Programs in C
/* Program to multiply the given two matrices - MATMUL.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int mata[10][10], matb[10][10], matc[10][10] ;
int i, j, k, row1, col1, row2, col2 ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the order of first matrix : ") ;
scanf("%d %d", &row1, &col1) ;
printf("\nEnter the order of second matrix : ") ;
scanf("%d %d", &row2, &col2) ;
if(col1 == row2)
{
printf("\nEnter the elements of first matrix : \n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < row1 ; i++)
for(j = 0 ; j < col1 ; j++)
scanf("%d", &mata[i][j]) ;
printf("\nEnter the elements of second matrix : \n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < row2 ; i++)
for(j = 0 ; j < col2 ; j++)
scanf("%d", &matb[i][j]) ;
for(i = 0 ; i < row1 ; i++)
{
for(j = 0 ; j < col2 ; j++)
{
matc[i][j] = 0 ;
for(k = 0 ; k < col1 ; k++)
matc[i][j] = matc[i][j] + mata[i][k] * matb[k][j] ;
}
}
printf("\nThe resultant matrix is : \n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < row1 ; i++)
{
for(j = 0 ; j < col2 ; j++)
{
printf("%d \t", matc[i][j]) ;
}
printf("\n") ;
}
}
else
printf("\nMatrix Multiplication is not possible ...") ;
getch() ;
}

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.75
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the order of first matrix

: 3

Enter the order of second matrix : 3

Enter the elements of first matrix :

1
1
1

1
1
1

1
1
1

Enter the elements of second matrix :

1
1
1

1
1
1

1
1
1

The resultant matrix is :

3
3
3

3
3
3

3
3
3

RUN 2 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the order of first matrix

: 3

Enter the order of second matrix : 2

Matrix Multiplication is not possible ...

A.76 Programs in C

String Handling Programs

/* Program to print the alphabets with ASCII values - STRASCII.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
char ch ;
clrscr() ;
printf("ASCII chart for characters : \n\n") ;
for(ch = 65 ; ch <= 122 ; ch++)
{
if(ch > 90 && ch < 97)
continue ;
printf("%c \t %3d \t", ch, ch) ;
}
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
ASCII chart for characters :
A
69
F
74
K
79
P
84
U
89
Z
100
e
105
j
110
o
115
t
120
y

65

66

67

68

70

71

72

73

75

76

77

78

80

81

82

83

85

86

87

88

90

97

98

99

101

102

103

104

106

107

108

109

111

112

113

114

116

117

118

119

121

122

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.77
/* To check the given character is vowel or not - STRVOWEL.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
char c ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the character : ") ;
scanf("%c", &c) ;
if( c == 'a' || c == 'e' || c == 'i' || c == 'o' || c == 'u' ||
c == 'A' || c == 'E' || c == 'I' || c == 'O' || c == 'U')
printf("\n%c is a vowel", c) ;
else
printf("\n%c is not a vowel", c) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the character : u
u is a vowel
RUN 2 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the character : v
v is not a vowel

A.78 Programs in C
/* Program to find the length of the given string - STRLEN.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
char str[80] ;
int i ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the string : ") ;
gets(str) ;
for(i = 0 ; str[i] != '\0' ; i++) ;
printf("\nThe length of the string is : %d", i) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the string : welcome
The length of the string is : 7

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.79
/* To find a character is no./letter/special character - STRFIND.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
char ch ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter a charatcer : ") ;
scanf("%c", &ch) ;
if (ch >= 65 && ch <= 90)
printf("\nEntered character is a upper case letter") ;
else if(ch >= 97 && ch <= 122)
printf("\nEntered character is a lower case letter") ;
else if(ch >= 48 && ch <= 57)
printf("\nEntered character is a number") ;
else
printf("\nEntered character is a special character") ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter a charatcer : b
Entered character is a lower case letter
RUN 2 :
~~~~~~~
Enter a charatcer : V
Entered character is a upper case letter
RUN 3 :
~~~~~~~
Enter a charatcer : 2
Entered character is a number
RUN 4 :
~~~~~~~
Enter a charatcer : #
Entered character is a special character

A.80 Programs in C
/* To convert uppercase characters to lowercase - STRCONV.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
char str[80], con[80] , ch ;
int i = 0 ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the text in uppercase : ") ;
gets(str) ;
printf("\nThe converted text is : \n\n") ;
while(str[i] != '\0')
{
if(str[i] != ' ')
printf("%c", str[i] + 32) ;
else
putchar(' ') ;
i++ ;
}
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the text in uppercase : Anna University
The converted text is :
anna university

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.81
/* Counting vowels,consonants,digits,special & words - STRCOUNT.C*/
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
# include <ctype.h>
void main()
{
char text[80], ch ;
int vowel = 0, cons = 0, digit = 0, word = 0, special = 0, i = 0;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the text : ") ;
gets(text) ;
while((ch = tolower(text[i++])) != '\0')
{
if(ch=='a' || ch=='e' || ch=='i' || ch=='o' || ch=='u')
++vowel ;
else if(ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z')
++cons ;
else if(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9')
++digit ;
else if(ch == ' ')
++word ;
else
++special ;
}
++ word ;
printf("\nThe text contains : ") ;
printf("\n\nNumber of vowels
= %d", vowel) ;
printf("\n\nNumber of consonants = %d", cons) ;
printf("\n\nNumber of digits
= %d", digit) ;
printf("\n\nNumber of special characters = %d", special) ;
printf("\n\nNumber of words
= %d", word) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the text : Bhuvan was born in 2nd Nov 1977 !!!
The text contains :
Number of vowels

= 6

Number of consonants = 14
Number of digits

= 5

Number of special characters = 3

Number of words

= 8

A.82 Programs in C
/* Program to concatenate the given two strings - STRCAT.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
char str1[20], str2[20], strcon[40] ;
int i, j ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the first string : ") ;
scanf("%s", str1) ;
printf("\nEnter the second string : ") ;
scanf("%s", str2) ;
for(i = 0 ; str1[i] != '\0' ; i++)
strcon[i] = str1[i] ;
i-- ;
for(j = 0 ; str2[j] != '\0' ; j++)
strcon[i+j+1] = str2[j] ;
strcon[i+j+1] = '\0' ;
printf("\nThe concatenation string is : %s", strcon) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the first string : Anna
Enter the second string : University
The concatenation string is : AnnaUniversity

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.83
/* Perform string manipulation using string functions - STRFUNC.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
# include <string.h>
void main()
{
char str1[40], str2[40] ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the first string : \n\n") ;
gets(str1) ;
printf("\nEnter the second string : \n\n") ;
gets(str2) ;
printf("\nString 1 = %s & String 2 = %s ", str1, str2) ;
printf("- Length is : %d and %d", strlen(str1), strlen(str2)) ;
printf("\n\nString 1 = %s & String 2 = %s ", str1, str2) ;
printf("- Uppercase is : %s and %s", strupr(str1), strupr(str2));
printf("\n\nString 1 = %s & String 2 = %s ", str1, str2) ;
printf("- Lowercase is : %s and %s", strlwr(str1), strlwr(str2));
printf("\n\nString 1 = %s & String 2 = %s ", str1, str2) ;
printf("- Reverse is : %s and %s", strrev(str1), strrev(str2)) ;
printf("\n\nString 1 = %s & String 2 = %s ", str1, str2) ;
printf("- String copy is : %s ", strcpy(str1,str2));
printf("\n\nString 1 = %s & String 2 = %s ", str1, str2) ;
printf("- Concatenation is : %s ", strcat(str1,str2));
printf("\n\nString 1 = %s & String 2 = %s ", str1, str2) ;
getch() ;
}

A.84 Programs in C
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the first string :
Anna
Enter the second string :
Madras
String 1 = Anna & String 2 = Madras - Length is : 4 and 6
String 1 = Anna & String 2 = Madras - Uppercase is : ANNA and MADRAS
String 1 = ANNA & String 2 = MADRAS - Lowercase is : anna and madras
String 1 = anna & String 2 = madras - Reverse is : anna and sardam
String 1 = anna & String 2 = sardam - String copy is : sardam
String 1= sardam & String 2= sardam - Concatenation is : sardamsardam
String 1 = sardamsardam & String 2 = sardam

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.85
/* To count no. of occurence of a character in a string - STROCC.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
char str[80], ch ;
int i = 0, count = 0 ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the text : \n\n") ;
gets(str) ;
printf("\nEnter the character to be search : ") ;
scanf("%c", &ch) ;
while(str[i] != '\0')
{
if(ch == str[i])
count++ ;
i++ ;
}
printf("\nThe character %c appears %d times in the text", ch,
count) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the text :
Anna University
Enter the character to be search : n
The character n appears 3 times in the text

A.86 Programs in C
/* Program to reverse the given string - STRREV.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
char str[20], rev[20] ;
int i, j, l ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter a string : ") ;
scanf("%s", str) ;
for(l = 0 ; str[l] != '\0' ; l++) ;
for(i = l - 1, j = 0 ; i >= 0 ; i--, j++)
rev[j] = str[i] ;
rev[j] = '\0' ;
printf("\nThe given string is : %s\n\n", str) ;
printf("The reversed string is : %s", rev) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter a string : bhuvan
The given string is : bhuvan
The reversed string is : navuhb

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.87
/* To check the given string is palindrome or not - STRPAL.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
# include <string.h>
void main()
{
char str[20], rev[20] ;
int i, j, l ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter a string : ") ;
scanf("%s", str) ;
for(l = 0 ; str[l] != '\0' ; l++) ;
for(i = l - 1, j = 0 ; i >= 0 ; i--, j++)
rev[j] = str[i] ;
rev[j] = '\0' ;
if(stricmp(str, rev) == 0)
printf("\nThe given string is a palindrome") ;
else
printf("\nThe given string is not a palindrome") ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter a string : madam
The given string is a palindrome
RUN 2 :
~~~~~~~
Enter a string : malayalam
The given string is a palindrome
RUN 3 :
~~~~~~~
Enter a string : liril
The given string is a palindrome
RUN 4 :
~~~~~~~
Enter a string : bhuvan
The given string is not a palindrome

A.88 Programs in C
/* To sort the given strings in alphabetical order - STRSORT.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
# include <string.h>
void main()
{
char str[10][20], temp[20] ;
int n, i, j ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the number of strings : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
printf("\nEnter the strings : \n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
scanf("%s", str[i]) ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n - 1 ; i++)
for(j = 0 ; j < n - 1; j++)
if(strcmp(str[j], str[j + 1]) > 0)
{
strcpy(temp, str[j]) ;
strcpy(str[j], str[j + 1]) ;
strcpy(str[j + 1], temp) ;
}
printf("\nThe sorted order of strings are : \n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
printf("%s \n", str[i]) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the number of strings : 5
Enter the strings :
viji
udaya
priya
bhuvan
satish
The sorted order of strings are :
bhuvan
priya
satish
udaya
viji

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.89

Structures Programs
/* Program to maintain student details using structures - STSTUD.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
struct stud
{
int rollno, s1, s2, tot ;
char name[10] ;
float avg ;
} s[10] ;
void main()
{
int i, n ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the number of students : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
{
printf("\nEnter the roll number : ") ;
scanf("%d", &s[i].rollno) ;
printf("\nEnter the name : ") ;
scanf("%s", s[i].name) ;
printf("\nEnter the marks in 2 subjects : ") ;
scanf("%d %d", &s[i].s1, &s[i].s2) ;
s[i].tot = s[i].s1 + s[i].s2 ;
s[i].avg = s[i].tot / 2.0 ;
}
printf("\nRoll No. Name \t\tSub1\t Sub2\t Total\t Average\n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
{
printf("%d \t %s \t\t %d \t %d \t %d \t %.2f \n",
s[i].rollno,s[i].name,s[i].s1,s[i].s2,s[i].tot,s[i].avg);
}
getch() ;
}

A.90 Programs in C
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the number of students : 2
Enter the roll number : 101
Enter the name : Arun
Enter the marks in 2 subjects : 75

85

Enter the roll number : 102

Enter the name : Babu
Enter the marks in 2 subjects : 65

75

Roll No. Name

Sub1

Sub2

Total

Average

101
102

75
65

85
75

160
140

80.00
70.00

Arun
Babu

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.91
/* Program to maintain employee details using structures - STEMP.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
struct emp
{
int empno ;
char name[10] ;
int bpay, allow, ded, npay ;
} e[10] ;
void main()
{
int i, n ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the number of employees : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
{
printf("\nEnter the employee number : ") ;
scanf("%d", &e[i].empno) ;
printf("\nEnter the name : ") ;
scanf("%s", e[i].name) ;
printf("\nEnter the basic pay, allowances & deductions : ") ;
scanf("%d %d %d", &e[i].bpay, &e[i].allow, &e[i].ded) ;
e[i].npay = e[i].bpay + e[i].allow - e[i].ded ;
}
printf("\nEmp. No. Name \t Bpay \t Allow \t Ded \t Npay \n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
{
printf("%d \t %s \t %d \t %d \t %d \t %d \n", e[i].empno,
e[i].name, e[i].bpay, e[i].allow, e[i].ded, e[i].npay) ;
}
getch() ;
}

A.92 Programs in C
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the number of employees : 2
Enter the employee number : 101
Enter the name : Arun
Enter the basic pay, allowances & deductions : 5000

1000

250

1500

750

Enter the employee number : 102

Enter the name : Babu
Enter the basic pay, allowances & deductions : 7000
Emp. No. Name

Bpay

Allow

Ded

Npay

101
102

5000
7000

1000
1500

250
750

5750
7750

Arun
Babu

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.93

Pointers Programs
/* To find the length of the string using pointers - PTRSTRLN.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
char *str ;
int len = 0 ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter a string : ") ;
scanf("%s", str) ;
while(*str != '\0')
{
len++ ;
str++ ;
}
printf("\nThe length of the string is : %d", len) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter a string : bhuvan
The length of the string is : 6

A.94 Programs in C
/* To copy one string to another using pointers - PTRSTRCP.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
char *str1, *str2 ;
int i ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the string : ") ;
scanf("%s", str2) ;
for(i = 0; *str2 != '\0' ; i++, str1++, str2++)
*str1 = *str2 ;
*str1 = '\0' ;
str1 = str1 - i ;
printf("\nThe copied string is : %s", str1) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the string : bhuvan
The copied string is : bhuvan

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.95
/* Concatenate the given two strings using pointers - PTRSTRCT.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
char *str1, *str2 ;
int i, j ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the first string : ") ;
scanf("%s", str1) ;
printf("\nEnter the second string : ") ;
scanf("%s", str2) ;
for(i = 0; *str1 != '\0' ; i++, str1++) ;
for(j = 0; *str2 != '\0' ; j++, str1++, str2++)
*str1 = *str2 ;
*str1 = '\0' ;
str1 = str1 - i - j ;
printf("\nThe concatenated string is : %s", str1) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the first string : hello
Enter the second string : world
The concatenated string is : helloworld

A.96 Programs in C
/* To compare the given two string using pointers - PTRSTRCM.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
char *str1, *str2 ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the first string : ") ;
scanf("%s", str1) ;
printf("\nEnter the second string : ") ;
scanf("%s", str2) ;
while(*str1 == *str2 && (*str1 != '\0' || *str2 != '\0'))
{
str1++ ;
str2++ ;
}
if(*str1 == '\0' && *str2 == '\0')
printf("\nThe given strings are equal") ;
else
printf("\nThe given strings are not equal") ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the first string : cse
Enter the second string : ece
The given strings are not equal
RUN 2 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the first string : mech
Enter the second string : mech
The given strings are equal

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.97

File Handling Programs

/* Program to write and read data from a file - FILEWRRD.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
char c ;
FILE *fptr1 ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the text to be stored in the file.\n") ;
printf("Use ^Z or F6 at the end of the text and press
ENTER: \n\n") ;
fptr1 = fopen("COURSES.DAT","w") ;
while((c = getc(stdin)) != EOF)
fputc(c, fptr1) ;
fclose(fptr1) ;
printf("\nThe content of the file is : \n\n") ;
fptr1 = fopen("COURSES.DAT", "r") ;
do
{
c = fgetc(fptr1) ;
putchar(c) ;
} while(c != EOF) ;
fclose(fptr1) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the text to be stored in the file.
Use ^Z or F6 at the end of the text and press ENTER:
Computer Science & Engineering
Information Technology
Electronics & Communication Engineering
^Z
The content of the file is :
Computer Science & Engineering
Information Technology
Electronics & Communication Engineering

A.98 Programs in C
/* Read integers and store odd & even no. in a file - FILEODEV.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
FILE *fptr1, *fptr2, *fptr3 ;
int n, i, num ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter number of values : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
printf("\nEnter the values : ") ;
fptr1 = fopen("NUMBERS.DAT", "w") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
{
scanf("%d", &num) ;
putw(num, fptr1) ;
}
fclose(fptr1) ;
fptr1 = fopen("NUMBERS.DAT", "r") ;
fptr2 = fopen("ODD.DAT", "w") ;
fptr3 = fopen("EVEN.DAT", "w") ;
while((num = getw(fptr1)) != EOF)
{
if(num % 2 == 0)
putw(num, fptr3) ;
else
putw(num, fptr2) ;
}
fclose(fptr1) ;
fclose(fptr2) ;
fclose(fptr3) ;
fptr2 = fopen("ODD.DAT", "r") ;
fptr3 = fopen("EVEN.DAT", "r") ;
printf("\nContents of ODD file is : ") ;
while((num = getw(fptr2)) != EOF)
printf("%d\t", num) ;
printf("\n\nContents of EVEN file is : ") ;
while((num = getw(fptr3)) != EOF)
printf("%d\t", num) ;
fclose(fptr2) ;
fclose(fptr3) ;
getch() ;
}

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.99
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter number of values : 6
Enter the values : 11

33

44

: 11

33

55

Contents of EVEN file is : 22

44

66

Contents of ODD file is

22

55

66

A.100 Programs in C
/* Program to maintain student details using files - FILESTUD.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
FILE *fptr ;
int i, n, rollno, s1, s2 ;
char name[10] ;
clrscr() ;
fptr = fopen("STUDENT.DAT", "w") ;
printf("Enter the number of students : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
{
printf("\nEnter the roll number : ") ;
scanf("%d", &rollno) ;
printf("\nEnter the name : ") ;
scanf("%s", name) ;
printf("\nEnter the marks in 2 subjects : ") ;
scanf("%d %d", &s1, &s2) ;
fprintf(fptr, "%d %s %d %d \n", rollno, name, s1, s2) ;
}
fclose(fptr) ;
fptr = fopen("STUDENT.DAT", "r") ;
printf("\nRoll No. Name \t\t Sub1 \t Sub2 \t Total\n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
{
fscanf(fptr,"%d %s %d %d \n", &rollno, name, &s1, &s2) ;
printf("%d \t %s \t\t %d \t %d \t %d \n", rollno, name,
s1, s2, s1 + s2) ;
}
fclose(fptr) ;
getch() ;
}

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.101
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the number of students : 2
Enter the roll number : 101
Enter the name : Udaya
Enter the marks in 2 subjects : 75

80

Enter the roll number : 157

Enter the name : Viji
Enter the marks in 2 subjects : 60

70

Roll No. Name

Sub1

Sub2

Total

101
157

75
60

80
70

155
130

Udaya
Viji

A.102 Programs in C
/* Program to maintain employee details using files - FILEEMP.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
FILE *fptr ;
int i, n, empno ;
float bpay, allow, ded ;
char name[10] ;
clrscr() ;
fptr = fopen("EMPLOYEE.DAT", "w") ;
printf("Enter the number of employees : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
{
printf("\nEnter the employee number : ") ;
scanf("%d", &empno) ;
printf("\nEnter the name : ") ;
scanf("%s", name) ;
printf("\nEnter the basic pay, allowances & deductions : ") ;
scanf("%f %f %f", &bpay, &allow, &ded) ;
fprintf(fptr, "%d %s %f %f %f \n", empno,name,bpay,allow,ded);
}
fclose(fptr) ;
fptr = fopen("EMPLOYEE.DAT", "r") ;
printf("\nEmp. No.Name\t\t Bpay\t\t Allow\t\t Ded\t\t Npay\n\n");
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
{
fscanf(fptr,"%d%s%f%f%f\n", &empno,name,&bpay,&allow,&ded);
printf("%d \t %s \t %.2f \t %.2f \t %.2f \t %.2f \n",
empno, name, bpay, allow, ded, bpay + allow - ded) ;
}
fclose(fptr) ;
getch() ;
}

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.103
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the number of employees : 2
Enter the employee number : 101
Enter the name : Udaya
Enter the basic pay, allowances & deductions : 6000

1000

500

1000

450

Enter the employee number : 102

Enter the name : Priya
Enter the basic pay, allowances & deductions : 5000
Emp. No. Name

Bpay

Allow

Ded

Npay

101

Udaya

6000.00

1000.00

500.00

6500.00

102

Priya

5000.00

1000.00

450.00

5550.00

A.104 Programs in C
/* Program to merge the contents of two files - FILEMER.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
char c ;
FILE *fptr1, *fptr2, *fptr3 ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the text to be stored in the file - 1.\n") ;
printf("Use ^Z or F6 at the end of the text and press
ENTER : \n\n") ;
fptr1 = fopen("FIRST.DAT","w") ;
while((c = getc(stdin)) != EOF)
fputc(c, fptr1) ;
fclose(fptr1) ;
printf("\nEnter the text to be stored in the file - 2.\n") ;
printf("Use ^Z or F6 at the end of the text and press
ENTER : \n\n") ;
fptr2 = fopen("SECOND.DAT","w") ;
while((c = getc(stdin)) != EOF)
fputc(c, fptr2) ;
fclose(fptr2) ;
fptr1 = fopen("FIRST.DAT","r") ;
fptr2 = fopen("SECOND.DAT","r") ;
fptr3 = fopen("MERGE.DAT","w") ;
while((c = fgetc(fptr1)) != EOF)
fputc(c, fptr3) ;
fclose(fptr1) ;
while((c = fgetc(fptr2)) != EOF)
fputc(c, fptr3) ;
fclose(fptr2) ;
fclose(fptr3) ;
printf("\nThe content of the merged file is : \n\n") ;
fptr3 = fopen("MERGE.DAT", "r") ;
while((c = fgetc(fptr1)) != EOF)
putchar(c) ;
fclose(fptr3) ;
getch() ;
}

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.105
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the text to be stored in the file - 1.
Use ^Z or F6 at the end of the text and press ENTER :
Computer Practice - I
I - Semester
^Z
Enter the text to be stored in the file - 2.
Use ^Z or F6 at the end of the text and press ENTER :
Computer Practice - II
II - Semester
^Z
The content of the merged file is :
Computer Practice - I
I - Semester
Computer Practice - II
II - Semester

A.106 Programs in C
/* Program to encrypt and decrypt a file - ENCDEC.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
FILE *fptr;
char c ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the text to be stored in the file.\n") ;
printf("Use ^Z or F6 at the end of the text and press
ENTER : \n\n") ;
fptr = fopen("ENCDEC.DAT","w") ;
while((c = getchar()) != EOF)
fputc(c, fptr) ;
fclose(fptr) ;
printf("\n\nData output in encrypted form : \n\n") ;
fptr = fopen("ENCDEC.DAT", "r") ;
while((c = fgetc(fptr)) != EOF)
printf("%c", c+1) ;
fclose(fptr) ;
printf("\n\nData output in decrypted form : \n\n") ;
fptr = fopen("ENCDEC.DAT", "r") ;
while((c = fgetc(fptr)) != EOF)
printf("%c", c) ;
fclose(fptr) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the text to be stored in the file.
Use ^Z or F6 at the end of the text and press ENTER :
Computer Practice - II
D.D. Publications
^Z

Data output in encrypted form :

Dpnqvufs!Qsbdujdf!.!JJ
E/E/!Qvcmjdbujpot

Data output in decrypted form :

Computer Practice - II
D.D. Publications

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.107

Searching Programs
/* Program to search an element using binary search - BINARY.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int a[10], f, l, i, j, k, mid, n, t, flag = 0 ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the limit : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
printf("\nEnter the elements :\n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
scanf("%d", &a[i]) ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
for(j = i + 1 ; j < n ; j++)
if(a[i] > a[j])
{
t = a [i] ;
a[i] = a[j] ;
a[j] = t ;
}
printf("\nThe ordered elements are : \n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
printf("%d\t", a[i]) ;
printf("\n\nEnter the element to be searched : ") ;
scanf("%d", &k) ;
f = 0 ;
l = n - 1 ;
while(f <= l)
{
mid = (f + l) / 2 ;
if(a[mid] == k)
{
flag = 1 ;
break ;
}
else if(a[mid] < k)
f = mid + 1 ;
else
l = mid - 1 ;
}
if(flag == 1)
printf("\nThe element is found at location : %d", mid + 1) ;
else
printf("\nThe element is not found") ;
getch() ;
}

A.108 Programs in C
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the limit : 5
Enter the elements :
20

40

30

50

10

The ordered elements are :

10

20

30

40

50

Enter the element to be searched : 30

The element is found at location : 3
RUN 2 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the limit : 5
Enter the elements :
20

40

30

50

10

The ordered elements are :

10

20

30

40

50

Enter the element to be searched : 70

The element is not found

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.109
/* Program to search an element using linear search - LINEAR.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int a[10], i, n, item, flag = 0 ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the limit : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
printf("\nEnter the numbers :\n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
scanf("%d", &a[i]) ;
printf("\nEnter the element to be searched : ") ;
scanf("%d", &item) ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
{
if(item == a[i])
{
flag = 1 ;
break ;
}
}
if(flag == 1)
printf("\nThe element is found at location : %d", i + 1) ;
else
printf("\nThe element is not found") ;
getch() ;
}

A.110 Programs in C
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the limit : 5
Enter the numbers :
20

40

30

50

10

Enter the element to be searched : 30

The element is found at location : 3
RUN 2 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the limit : 5
Enter the numbers :
20

40

30

50

10

Enter the element to be searched : 70

The element is not found

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.111

Sorting Programs
/* Program to sort the given numbers using bubble sort - BUBSORT.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int a[10], t, i, j, n ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the limit : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
printf("\nEnter the numbers :\n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
scanf("%d", &a[i]) ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n - 1 ; i++)
{
for(j = 0 ; j < n - 1 ; j++)
{
if(a[j] > a[j + 1])
{
t = a[j] ;
a[j] = a[j + 1] ;
a[j + 1] = t ;
}
}
}
printf("\nThe sorted elemets are :\n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
printf("%d\t", a[i]) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the limit : 5
Enter the numbers :
20

40

30

50

10

The sorted elemets are :

10

20

30

40

50

A.112 Programs in C
/* To sort the given numbers using selection sort - SELSORT.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int i, j, k, left, n, a[10], t ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the limit : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
printf("\nEnter the elements :\n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
scanf("%d", &a[i]) ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
{
left = a[i] ;
k = i ;
for(j = i + 1 ; j < n ; j++)
if(left > a[j])
{
left = a[j] ;
k = j ;
}
a[k] = a[i] ;
a[i] = left ;
}
printf("\nThe sorted elemets are :\n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
printf("%d\t", a[i]) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the limit : 5
Enter the elements :
20

40

30

50

10

The sorted elemets are :

10

20

30

40

50

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.113
/* To sort the given numbers using insertion sort - INSSORT.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int i, j, n, a[10], t ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the limit : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
printf("\nEnter the elements :\n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
scanf("%d", &a[i]) ;
for(j = 1 ; j < n ; j++)
{
t = a[j] ;
for(i = j - 1 ; i >= 0 && t < a[i] ; i--)
a[i + 1] = a[i] ;
a[i + 1] = t ;
}
printf("\nThe sorted elemets are :\n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
printf("%d\t", a[i]) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the limit : 5
Enter the elements :
20

40

30

50

10

The sorted elemets are :

10

20

30

40

50

A.114 Programs in C
/* Program to sort the given numbers using quick sort - QSORT.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
# include <values.h>
int a[10] ;
void main()
{
int i, n ;
void qsort(int, int) ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the limit : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
printf("\nEnter the elements :\n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
scanf("%d", &a[i]) ;
a[i] = MAXINT ;
qsort(0, n - 1) ;
printf("\nThe sorted elemets are :\n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
printf("%d\t", a[i]) ;
getch() ;
}
void qsort(int left, int right)
{
int i, j, t, v ;
if(left < right)
{
i = left + 1 ;
j = right ;
v = left ;
for( ; ; )
{
while(a[v] >= a[i])
i++ ;
while(a[v] < a[j])
j-- ;
if(i < j)
{
t = a[i] ;
a[i] = a[j] ;
a[j] = t ;
}
else
break ;
}
t = a[v] ;
a[v] = a[j] ;
a[j] = t ;

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.115
qsort(left, j - 1) ;
qsort(j + 1, right) ;
}
return ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the limit : 5
Enter the elements :
20

40

30

50

10

The sorted elemets are :

10

20

30

40

50

A.116 Programs in C
/* Program to sort the given numbers using shell sort - SHELSORT.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int i, j, k, n, a[10], t ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the limit : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
printf("\nEnter the elements :\n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
scanf("%d", &a[i]) ;
for(i = (n + 1) / 2 ; i >= 1 ; i = i / 2)
for(j = i ; j < n ; j++)
{
t = a[j] ;
for(k = j - i ; k >= 0 && t < a[k] ; k = k - i)
a[k + i] = a[k] ;
a[k + i] = t ;
}
printf("\nThe sorted elemets are :\n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
printf("%d\t", a[i]) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the limit : 5
Enter the elements :
20

40

30

50

10

The sorted elemets are :

10

20

30

40

50

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.117
/* To sort the given numbers in ascending & descending order SORTNUM.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int a[10], t, i, j, n ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the limit : ") ;
scanf("%d", &n) ;
printf("\nEnter the numbers :\n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
scanf("%d", &a[i]) ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n - 1 ; i++)
for(j = 0 ; j < n - 1 ; j++)
if(a[j] > a[j + 1])
{
t = a[j] ;
a[j] = a[j + 1] ;
a[j + 1] = t ;
}
printf("\nThe numbers in ascending order is :\n\n") ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
printf("%d\t", a[i]) ;
printf("\n\nThe numbers in descending order is :\n\n") ;
for(i = n -1 ; i >= 0 ; i--)
printf("%d\t", a[i]) ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Enter the limit : 5
Enter the numbers :
20

30

10

50

40

The numbers in ascending order is :

10

20

30

40

50

The numbers in descending order is :

50

40

30

20

10

A.118 Programs in C

Data Structures Programs

/* Implentation of stack using arrays - STACK.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
# define SIZE 10
int arr[SIZE], top = -1, i ;
void push() ;
void pop() ;
void display() ;
void main()
{
int ch ;
clrscr() ;
do
{
printf("\n[1].PUSH [2].POP [3].Display [4].Exit\n") ;
printf("\nEnter your choice [1-4] : ") ;
scanf("%d", &ch) ;
switch(ch)
{
case 1 :
push() ;
break ;
case 2 :
pop() ;
break ;
case 3 :
display() ;
break ;
case 4 :
break ;
default :
printf("\nInvalid option\n") ;
getch() ;
}
} while(ch != 4) ;
getch() ;
}

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.119
void push()
{
if(top == SIZE - 1)
{
printf("\nStack is full (overflow)\n") ;
getch() ;
return ;
}
top++ ;
printf("\nEnter the element to PUSH : ") ;
scanf("%d", &arr[top]) ;
}
void pop()
{
if(top == -1)
{
printf("\nStack is empty (underflow)\n") ;
getch() ;
return ;
}
printf("\nThe POP element is : %d\n", arr[top]) ;
getch() ;
top-- ;
}
void display()
{
if(top == -1)
{
printf("\nStack is empty (underflow)\n") ;
getch() ;
return ;
}
printf("\nThe elements in stack are :\n\nTOP") ;
for(i = top ; i >= 0 ; i--)
printf(" -> %d", arr[i]) ;
printf("\n") ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
[1].PUSH [2].POP [3].Display [4].Exit
Enter your choice [1-4] : 1
Enter the element to PUSH : 10

A.120 Programs in C
[1].PUSH [2].POP [3].Display [4].Exit
Enter your choice [1-4] : 1
Enter the element to PUSH : 20
[1].PUSH [2].POP [3].Display [4].Exit
Enter your choice [1-4] : 3
The elements in stack are :
TOP -> 20 -> 10
[1].PUSH [2].POP [3].Display [4].Exit
Enter your choice [1-4] : 2
The POP element is : 20
[1].PUSH [2].POP [3].Display [4].Exit
Enter your choice [1-4] : 3
The elements in stack are :
TOP -> 10
[1].PUSH [2].POP [3].Display [4].Exit
Enter your choice [1-4] : 2
The POP element is : 10
[1].PUSH [2].POP [3].Display [4].Exit
Enter your choice [1-4] : 2
Stack is empty (underflow)
[1].PUSH [2].POP [3].Display [4].Exit
Enter your choice [1-4] : 4

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.121
/* Implentation of queue using arrays - QUEUE.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
# define SIZE 10
int arr[SIZE], front = -1, rear = -1, i ;
void enqueue() ;
void dequeue() ;
void display() ;
void main()
{
int ch ;
clrscr() ;
do
{
printf("\n[1].ENQUEUE [2].DEQUEUE [3].Display [4].Exit\n") ;
printf("\nEnter your choice [1-4] : ") ;
scanf("%d", &ch) ;
switch(ch)
{
case 1 :
enqueue() ;
break ;
case 2 :
dequeue() ;
break ;
case 3 :
display() ;
break ;
case 4 :
break ;
default :
printf("\nInvalid option\n") ;
getch() ;
}
} while(ch != 4) ;
getch() ;
}
void enqueue()
{
if(rear == SIZE - 1)
{
printf("\nQueue is full (overflow)\n") ;
getch() ;
return ;
}
rear++ ;
printf("\nEnter the element to ENQUEUE : ") ;
scanf("%d", &arr[rear]) ;

A.122 Programs in C
if(front == -1)
front++ ;
}
void dequeue()
{
if(front == -1)
{
printf("\nQueue is empty (underflow)\n") ;
getch() ;
return ;
}
printf("\nThe DEQUEUE element is : %d\n", arr[front]) ;
getch() ;
if(front == rear)
front = rear = -1 ;
else
front++ ;
}
void display()
{
if(front == -1)
{
printf("\nQueue is empty (underflow)\n") ;
getch() ;
return ;
}
printf("\nThe elements in queue are :\n\nFRONT ->") ;
for(i = front ; i <= rear ; i++)
printf(" ... %d", arr[i]) ;
printf(" ... <- REAR\n") ;
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
[1].ENQUEUE [2].DEQUEUE [3].Display [4].Exit
Enter your choice [1-4] : 1
Enter the element to ENQUEUE : 10
[1].ENQUEUE [2].DEQUEUE [3].Display [4].Exit
Enter your choice [1-4] : 1
Enter the element to ENQUEUE : 20

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.123
[1].ENQUEUE [2].DEQUEUE [3].Display [4].Exit
Enter your choice [1-4] : 3
The elements in queue are :
FRONT -> ... 10 ... 20 ... <- REAR
Enter your choice [1-4] : 2
The DEQUEUE element is : 10
[1].ENQUEUE [2].DEQUEUE [3].Display [4].Exit
Enter your choice [1-4] : 3
The elements in queue are :
FRONT -> ... 20 ... <- REAR
[1].ENQUEUE [2].DEQUEUE [3].Display [4].Exit
Enter your choice [1-4] : 2
The DEQUEUE element is : 20
[1].ENQUEUE [2].DEQUEUE [3].Display [4].Exit
Enter your choice [1-4] : 2
Queue is empty (underflow)
[1].ENQUEUE [2].DEQUEUE [3].Display [4].Exit
Enter your choice [1-4] : 4

A.124 Programs in C

Numerical Methods Programs

/* Find the root of a equation using Bisection method - BISECT.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
# include <math.h>
# define EPS 0.000001
# define F(x) (x) * (x) * (x) - 2 * (x) - 5
void main()
{
int s, count ;
float a, b, root ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Input starting values : ") ;
scanf("%f %f", &a, &b) ;
bim(&a, &b, &root, &s, &count) ;
if(s == 0)
{
printf("\nStarting points do not bracket any root.") ;
printf("\nCheck whether they bracket EVEN roots.") ;
}
else
{
printf("\nRoot = %f", root) ;
printf("\n\nF(root) = %f", F(root)) ;
printf("\n\nIterations = %d", count) ;
}
getch() ;
}
bim (float *a, float *b, float *root, int *s, int *count)
{
float x1, x2, x0, f0, f1, f2 ;
x1 = *a ;
x2 = *b ;
f1 = F(x1) ;
f2 = F(x2) ;
if(f1 * f2 > 0)
{
*s = 0 ;
return ;
}
else
{
*count = 0 ;

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.125
begin :
x0 = (x1 + x2) / 2.0 ;
f0 = F(x0) ;
if(f0 == 0)
{
*s = 1 ;
*root = x0 ;
return ;
}
if(f1 * f0 < 0)
{
x2 = x0 ;
}
else
{
x1 = x0 ;
f1 = f0 ;
}
if(fabs((x2 - x1) / x2) < EPS)
{
*s = 1 ;
*root = (x1 + x2) / 2.0 ;
return ;
}
else
{
*count = *count + 1 ;
goto begin ;
}
}
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Input starting values : 2
Root = 2.094552
F(root) = 0.000006
Iterations = 18

A.126 Programs in C
/* Find the root of a equation using Newton Raphson - NEWTON.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
# include <math.h>
# define EPS 0.000001
# define MAXIT 20
# define F(x) (x) * (x) * (x) - 2 * (x) - 5
# define FD(x) 3 * (x) * (x) - 2
void main()
{
int count ;
float x0, xn, fx, fdx ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Input initial value of x : ") ;
scanf("%f", &x0) ;
count = 1 ;
begin :
fx = F(x0) ;
fdx = FD(x0) ;
xn = x0 - fx / fdx ;
if(fabs((xn - x0) / xn) < EPS)
{
printf("\nRoot = %f", xn) ;
printf("\n\nNumber of iterations = %d", count) ;
}
else
{
x0 = xn ;
count = count + 1 ;
if(count < MAXIT)
{
goto begin ;
}
else
{
printf("\nSolution does not coverage in %d iterations",
MAXIT) ;
}
}
getch() ;
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Input initial value of x : 0
Root = 2.094552
Number of iterations = 19

B.Bhuvaneswaran A.127
/* To find the root of a equation using Secant Method - SECANT.C */
# include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
# include <math.h>
# define EPS 0.000001
# define MAXIT 50
# define F(x) (x) * (x) * (x) - 2 * (x) - 5
void main()
{
float a, b, root, x1, x2 ;
int count, status ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Input two starting points : ") ;
scanf("%f %f", &a, &b) ;
sec(&a, &b, &x1, &x2, &root, &count, &status) ;
if(status == 1)
{
printf("\nDivision by zero") ;
printf("\nLast x1 = %f", x1) ;
printf("\nLast x2 = %f", x2) ;
printf("\nNo. of iterations = %d", count) ;
}
else if(status == 2)
{
printf("\nNo convergence in %d iterations", MAXIT) ;
}
else
{
printf("\nRoot = %f", root) ;
printf("\n\nFunction value at root = %f", F(root)) ;
printf("\n\nNo. of iterations = %d", count) ;
}
getch() ;
}
sec(float *a, float *b, float *x1, float *x2, float *root,
int *count, int *status)
{
float x3, f1, f2, error ;
*x1 = *a ;
*x2 = *b ;
f1 = F(*a) ;
f2 = F(*b) ;
*count = 1 ;
begin :
if(fabs(f1 - f2) <= 1.E-10)
{
*status = 1 ;
return ;
}

A.128 Programs in C
x3 = *x2 - f2 * (*x2 - *x1) / (f2 - f1) ;
error = fabs((x3 - *x2) / x3) ;
if(error > EPS)
{
if(*count == MAXIT)
{
*status = 2 ;
return ;
}
else
{
*x1 = *x2 ;
}
*x2 = x3 ;
f1 = f2 ;
f2 = F(x3) ;
*count = *count + 1 ;
goto begin ;
}
else
{
*root = x3 ;
*status = 3 ;
return ;
}
}
RUN 1 :
~~~~~~~
Input two starting points : 2
Root = 2.094552
Function value at root = 0.000001
No. of iterations = 6