1. METHODS OF CHARGING: By friction, by contact , By induction 2. Glass, fur, wool-positive charge & rubber , silk, ebonite , amber-negative charge 3. Process of charging is flow of electrons. The body which loses more electrons and gains less becomes negatively charged. 4. Most bodies getting easily charged by friction or by contact are insulators as charges remain localized 5. Conductors and insulators 6. Earthing is connecting a conductor to the ground by a thick conducting wire attached to a metal plate buried into the earth. It provides a path for charges to flow 7. Properties of charge a) Charges are additive b) Charges are conserved in any isolated process c) charges are quantized. Q=ne 8. DIPOLE MOMENT: it is the product of magnitude of either charge and the length of the dipole. 9. Electric flux: The number of field lines intercepting a surface normally is called as electric flux. 10. Electric field lines: These are imaginary lines or curves representing the presence of electric field and give the direction along which a positive charge would move if it is free to do so. 11. Properties: a. 2 electric field lines cannot intersect each other because if they were to intersect then at the point of intersection electric field will have 2 different directions. b. The lines originate at the positive charge and terminate at infinity or at the negative charge. Lines can originate at infinity. c. The relative spacing of electric field lines help to compare the strength of the field in 2 different regions. They are drawn closer where the field is stronger and are spaced apart where the field is weaker (property of conservation of energy with ch2).
d. They are continuous lines or curves without any breaks
as breaks would signify abrupt absence of electric field which is not possible 12. Properties of coulombs force/field/electrostatic force a. Conservative in nature, b. Shows inverse square dependence, c. Acts along the line joining the centre of charges, d. Can be positive or negative. 13.
Significance of force being
a. Positive- force is repulsive and charges are like charges b. Negative- force is attractive and charges are unlike 14. Dielectric constant or relative permittivity: a. The ratio of permittivity in the medium to permittivity in vacuum. b. The ratio of force between 2 charges in vacuum to the force between the same 2 charges the same distance apart in the medium. 15. Gauss law: the flux through a closed surface is equal to 1/0 times the total charge enclosed by the surface. 16. S.I units electric field: N/C, V/m, electric flux- Nm 2/C , absolute permittivity C2/Nm2. electric dipole moment C/m CHAPTER CHECKUP 1. WAYS OF CHARGING 2. EARTHING 3. PROPERTIES OF CHARGE 4. COULOMBS LAW, vector form, superposition principle 5. ELECTRIC FIELD, vector form, superposition principle 6. FIELD LINES SKETCHING AND THEIR PROPERTIES 7. ELECTRIC DIPOLE, DIPOLE MOMENT 8. FIELD ALONG AXIAL LINE, NORMAL BISECTOR , TORQUE IN AN EXTERNAL ELECTRIC FIELD 9. ELECTRIC FLUX
10. GAUSS LAW
11. FIELD DUE TO :A) UNIFORMLY CHARGED STRAIGHT WIRE B) UNIFORMLY CHARGED INFINITE SHEET OF CHARGE C) UNIFORMLY CHARGED SPHERICAL SHELL