ARCHAOLOGICAL SURVEY OF EGYPT Eorreo ey F. L. GRIFFITH, BA, FSA. BENI HASAN PART I. PERCY E. NEWBERRY WITH PLANS AND MEASUREMENTS OF THE TOMBS BY G. WILLOUGHBY FRASER, F.S.A. WITH FORTY-NINE PLATES PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE EGYPT EXPLORATION FUND LONDON sox 69250 KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO, Lr. Parenxoeren House, Cxania Cross Ros 87, Gaxar Rusesit Smues, W.C. 1898CONTENTS. Evimow’s Peusce 6 ee Pace © ee ee Epromap Nom. 6 6 ee Gevmrat, Norton ov tHe Towns:— Ti Sltmtin B56 6 bos BOW 6. ee BDite . 6 ee ee ee Ce are(celmrmTowee (on 1) Detauizp Duscerrrions ov tax TnscersxD TombNQ2. 6 6 ee ee TombNoB. 6 6 ee ee ee 30 TombNoIS 2. ee ee BB TmbNoU . . ee ee ee Last or Prarss, wim Revenmvers se eee 87EDITOR'S PREFACE. ‘Tux published records of the Archeological Survey of Egypt commence with this volume. Before delivering its firstfruits to the subscribers, let me for a moment pause to recall with reverence the names of the great predecessors of half a century and more ago, who laboured in the same field, and now have, one after another, passed away. Beni Hasan is a name inseparably connected with each one: each of them has viewed these painted walls with admiration, and has hastened to profit by the curious information they afford. ‘At the head we see CHamPotioN, whose master-mind first penetrated the deep obscurity that had gathered during so many centuries over the mysterious records of Ancient Egypt; with him was Roseuiinr, the artist- leader. ‘Then came Lerstvs, the great organizer of a small but compact expedition of picked men, who by strenuous exertions brought together from every quarter of the Egyptian world a vast store of the most precious scenes and inscriptions, the latter especially copied with unexampled accuracy. ‘These three pioneers were supported by the Governments of France, ‘Tuscany, and Prussia, and their labours are enshrined in most magnificent and costly folios, England, too, has contributed her worthy in WiKINsoN, the genial observer and student of the ancient paintings. Here, too, we must commemorate another Englishman—one who has as yet gained but little notoriety, although he may vie with the best representatives of our science in claiming the honourable recognition of his fellow-countrymen, Rosser Hay, explorer himself and patron of explorers, was content to amass in his portfolios one collection after another of detailed and often minutely accurate drawings, copies of inscriptions and plans that put to shame most of the contemporary and later work. And this he did without being able to read one line of the strange characters which he facsimiled with so much care. He was withoutvil EDITOR'S PREFACE. doubt convinced that such work would be valued by a future generation, that would read the inscriptions with ease after the monuments themselves had been defaced. As to the new enterprise, our sincere thanks are due to the Director- General of the Administration of the Antiquities of Egypt, for the permits which have been granted to facilitate a detailed exploration of the tombs. No more need be said, except to remind the reader of this volume that the first. efforts in any great undertaking must needs be experimental: when the Survey began there existed no school of Egyptology from which recruits could be drafted to the scene of action. Men had to be found who would risk their prospects for what might seem to be a wholly inadequate reward ; they had to be hastily trained, and above all they had to learn by experience in the country. We can now confidently hope that from year to year higher standards of efficiency will be reached both in the collection and in the publication of the records; thus, in future, delays will be minimized, expenditure reduced, and the annual value of the results enhanced. Onur united aim has been perfection. We are proud even of our partial success; but we are fully conscious that we have not yet raised the work to what should be its ultimate level. F. L. GRIFFITH. (Superintendent of the Archeological Survey.)PREFACE. In presenting this, the first volume of the Archwological Survey, to the public, the author desires to make the following observations. ‘The object of the Survey publications is to give a faithful record of the monumental remains of Egypt, as well as all local information about them that can be gathered on the spot. ‘That such work is needed for even the most frequented and best known monuments is proved by the present volume. ‘The tombs of Beni Hasan had been illustrated and described by more than a dozen distinguished Egyptologists, and it was thought, before the Archwological Survey Expedition started, that little that was new would result. Yet the existence of three hitherto unnoticed tombs was thereby for the first time made known to science, a large quantity of unpublished scenes and inscriptions were copied, and concurrently many errors were detected in the published texts. In order to know exactly what had been previously done, I examined all the published matter referring to these tombs as well as the manuscript copies of the inscriptions and scenes made by Burton, Champollion, Rosellini, Hay, Nestor de I'Héte, and Sir Gardner Wilkinson. Of these, the collection of Hay, consisting of innumerable drawings, tracings, and extracts, with plans, haye been found to be the most accurate and valuable. About the year 1830 complete copies of the Tombs 2 and 3 (excepting the shrines) were made by his practised hand, aided by the camera Iucida, and reproductions of them were coloured under his guidance by a French artist thus been recorded that is now faded and indecipherable. As to Tomb No. 8, several of the seenes-published in the present volume have necessarily been derived from this excellent source. ‘The remaining plates of paintings and inseriptions haye been reproduced from full-sized tracings or hand copies much has made on the spot.x PREFACE. ‘The Survey party sont out by the Committee of the Egypt Exploration Fund, and comprising Mr. Fraser, myself, and our servants, reached Beni Hasan on the 25th November, 1890, On the 2nd February, 1891, the party was increased by the addition of Mr. Blackden, an artist employed to make full-sized and coloured drawings of the most interesting of the wall-paintings; on the summer setting in the Expedition returned home. Early in October Mr. Fraser left England again for Upper Egypt, and Mr. Carter (an assistant draughtsman) accompanied me thither a fortnight later. Mr, Fraser, who arrived at Beni Hasan at the end of October, was joined by us in the following week, and on the 22nd November the work ‘of surveying the tombs and tracing the wall-paintings was completed. In January, 1892, Mr. Blackden again went to Beni Hasan in order to continue and finish his artistic work, but after a short time fell ill, and was unable to proceed with it. In January of the present year, Mr. Perey Buckman, Mr. John E. Newberry, and Mr. Howard Carter were therefore commissioned to complete the collection of soloured facsimiles, and now at length our task has been accomplished. It was at first intonded that all the materials thus collected at Beni Hasan (excluding only the coloured facsimiles) should be published together in one volume, but the quantity was found to be so great that it was decided to issue them in two parts. In all there are thirty-nine tombs at Beni Hasan: the first fourteen (counting from the north) are illustrated in the present memoir ; the remaining twenty-five will appear in Beni Hasan, Part II. ‘The survey, plans, elevations, and sections have been prepared from drawings made by Mr. G. W. Fraser, which have been checked, so far as it was possible to do so, by Mr, John E, Newberry. ‘The frontispiece is taken from a water-colour drawing kindly lent by Mr. R. Phené Spiers, F.8.A., for the purpose. The phototypes are reproduced from negatives taken by Mr, Fraser, and the coloured plates from water-colour drawings made by Mr. M. W. Blackden. ‘The remaining plates are reductions by photo-lithography from full-sized tracings or from hand copies made by the writer. Many of those through whose early support the Survey was made possible, will probably ask why this memoir has not been issued sooner: why, in fact, it should have taken more than two years to prepare, ‘The writerPREFACE. a must plead in reply that it is impossible to gather (and much loss digest) materials of this kind without an ample allowance of time, and he ought also to point out that there have been several hitches during the progress of the work, The beginning also of an undertaking of this kind is always attended with many difficulties, and it is hoped that in future there will be no delay in the issue of succeeding memoirs. In conclusion, the author must thank many friends who have helped him since his appointment on the staff of the Egypt Exploration Fund, and who have sympathized with him in the difficulties which he has had to overcome. Among these he must mention the late Honorary Secretary of the Fund, Miss Amelia B, Edwards, who, alas! is no longer with us; Professor R. Stuart Poole, to whom the present volume is inscribed; Mr. H. A. Grueber; Professor W. M. Flinders Petrie; and last, but not least, Mr. F. L. Griffith. Without the ever-ready help of Mr. Griffith I could not have attempted to write the following work, and it is not too much to say that all which is of any permanent value in the present volume is due in the first place to him. PERCY E. NEWBERRY. ‘Ta Toons ov Best Hasax, Janwary 12, 1898.Situae THE TOMBS AT BENI HASAN. PART I. GENERAL NOTICE OF THE TOMBS. 1. Guo Bext Hasax, “the Hill of Beni from the cliff above. At the top of this tion. Hasan,” in which the tombs are excavated, | slope is the lower range of tomb-pits, and is a link in the long chain of cliffs which | the pathway continues up to a terrace, on to bound the eastern edge of the Nile valley. In the map it would be found about half- way betiveen the important towns of Minych and Roda. Geologists would describe it as of Eocene nummulitie limestone, and the adventurous explorer in the upper table-land would be rewarded by a collection of echini. The hill is named after a family of Arabs calling themselves Beni Hasan, “sons of Hasan,” who settled at its foot, their villages after a short existence dying down and springing up again at no great distance from the original encampment. Of theso villages, ruined or inhabited, there are now five. ‘The tombs are excavated in two ranges about half-way up the hill, being cut in thick strata of fine white limestone. The upper range is immediately below a bed of hard chert, and the great tombs in it are reached by a pathway leading from the plain, up the slope formed by the débris which all the great tombs open. From it a strikingly characteristic and picturesque view of the windings of the Nile is obtained. 2. This imposing sitnation must have boon selected by the chief inhabitants of the district as an appropriate site for thoir sepulchres, ‘The inscribed tombs are of one period and belong, as usual, to men of rare wealth and dignity. ‘The lower rango possibly represents the necropolis of one or more large cities at various epochs, or may perhaps be the last resting-places of the retainers and humbler members of the great families who were interred in splendour above, The name of one city is certainly recorded in the inscriptions of the tombs as tho residence of some of the deceased nobles. This was “=o x (@ B—B) &, Menat Chufu, the Nursing city of King Chufa.” Of the twelve inscribed tombs eight are of Object.Date, 2 BENT HASAN, governors of the Oryx nome, two of princes, | therefore to be settled is, are the six as yet and one of a son of a prince, of Menat Chufa; the remaining ono is that of a royal scribe. ‘The great tombs were often decorated as befitted the exalted rank of the deceased, ‘and in Tomb No. 8 we are informed by the prince Chnemhotep that he intended thereby to record for ever the names and occupations of himself, his family, aud his entire retinue. 8. The age of the group in general is that of the XITth Egyptian Dynasty, about 2500 5.0. On reference to the survey given in PI. ii, itwill bo soon that between ‘Tombs No. 18 and No. 14 there is an interruption in the terrace and a slight change of level, the effect being sufficiently striking to have induced Lepsius to divide here the tombs of the upper range into a northern and a southern group. In the northern one are thirteen tombs, in tho southorn twenty-six ; making a total of thirty-nine. Of these only twelve are inseribed, and but three contain cartouches of kings. Tomb No. 14 bears tho cartouche of Amenemhat I; Tomb No. 2 is dated in the 43rd year of tho roign of Usertson I., and tho latest date in Tomb No. 8 is the year 6 of Usertsen IL. Tomb No. 21 was hewn for a son of the owner of Tomb No, 14, and consequently its date cannot be before the end of the reign of Amenemhat L., or much later than that of Usertsen I.; Tombs No. 4 and 28 are nearly contemporaneous with No. 8, as they both contain inscriptions mentioning near relatives of its owner. ‘Thus six out of the twelve inscribed tombs aro easily dated. ‘To ascertain the age of the remaining six is more difficult. No one, however, who studies their paintings and inscriptions, can believe that they are separated from the others by any long interval of time, ‘Tho style and subjects of the paintings, as well as of the insorip- tions, show a close connection. ‘The question undated tombs to bo placed earlier or later than the others; ie. do they belong to the period immediately preceding the reign of Amenemhat I. or that immediately succeeding tho reign of Usertsen II., the fourth King of tho XIIth Dynasty? They can hardly be contemporary, as, except in the metropolis, two families of overpowering importance would not exist in the same place. ‘The earlier date is the more probable, If reference be again made to the survey given in Pl. ii,, it will be seen that the oldest of tho dated tombs (No. 14) is situated at the extreme northern end of the southern group, and that it is probably later than its southern neighbour is shown by its plan (see Pl. xiii and p. 88). This not being symmetrical, clearly shows that the engineor was cramped for space, owing to the presence of No. 15 already excavated in the same rock. From the relative positions, therefore, of Tombs No. 14 and 15 it may be assumed that No. 15 is the earlier. ‘The evidence of the paintings, architecture and inscriptions points the same way. We can now proceed a few steps farther in dating the remaining tombs. Tomb No. 17, according to the inscriptions, was hewn for a son of the owner of Tomb No. 15, who was again a son of the owner of Tomb No. 27. This fixes the relative dates of threo more of the six hitherto undated tombs. Of the rest the date of ‘Tomb No. 13 is doubtful by the resemblance of its style to early tombs at El-Bersheh, itis probably the oldest of the whole group. The chronological order of Tombs No. 29 and 83 can easily be settled, as No. 83 was made for a son of the owner of No. 29. ‘Phe two tombs very closely resemble that of Remusbenta (No. 27), and for certain archi- tectural reasons it may be concluded that they belong to the period immediately pre+ coding the excavation of Tomb No. 27.Archi tecture, BRNI HASAN, 3 ‘Tho inscribed tombs may now be arranged in chronological order : Tomb No. 13. 29. 33. 26. 15, y. 4. » 21. » 8 3. 23, » 4. 4, The tombs of the lower range consist of mummy-pits only, which are of the same form as those in the tombs of the upper range. A plan and sections of one of the latter are shown on PL. xxiii, but for the most part the pits of the lower range are merely perpendicular shafts hewn in the tock, with one or more sepulchral chambers formed simply by the shafts being continued in a horizontal or inclined direction. These pits were filled up with stone débris, but the greater number of them have been cleared and rifled. ‘The tombs of the upper range are all exca- vated in the mountain side (see sections on Pl. ii), which has been cut away, and the stone dressed over a more or less extent of surface according to the intended dimensions of the tomb. A platform closed in on three sides was thus cleared in front, and a facade made, in which the door or portico was formed. They all have main chambers, in the floors of which mummy-pits are sunk. Architecturally these tombs may be divided into three groups. 5 Amenemhat I. 48rd year of Usertsen I. a 6th year of Usertsen II. | I, Those with one or more halls of a square plan, but without columns or portico. To this group belong Nos. 6, 8-10, 12, 13, 19, 20, 22, 24.27, 29-81, 88, 84, 36.30. The doorways (soo Pl. xli.) lead into main chambers, the ceilings of which are either flat, as in Nos. 8,18, &o., or in the form of a roof of very flat pitch, the ridge corresponding with the axis of the tomb, as in Nos. 27, 29, 33, de. II. Those without portico, but consisting of a main chamber, the roof of which is sup- ported by one or more rows of columns of the lotus-bud type (seo Beni Hasan, Part IL, Pl. x.), running transversely to the axis of the tomb. To this group belong Nos. 14 to 18, 21, 28 and 28. A viow of a typical entrance is given in Pl, xlii, ‘Tho ceilings are either flat as in No. 14, or in the form of a roof as in Nos, 15 and 17, but the portions between the columns and end walls are usually curved in the form of a segmental vault, the axis of which runs transyersely to that of the tomb. TIL, Those with an open outer court, a portico, amain chamber, and a shrine. To this group belong Nos. 2, 8, and 82, Tho entrance consists of a portico of two octa- gonal or 16-sided columns, with ceilings of curved sections. ‘The main chambers are divided into three aisles by two rows of 16- sided fluted columns, which support curved ceilings similar to those of the portico. At the east end of the main chamber is the shrine, a small chamber with flat ceiling. For more detailed information on the architecture, see the “ List of Tombs” on p.7, and the paragraph headed “ Architectural Features,” in the “ Descriptions.”BENI HASAN. PART I. (TOMBS Nos. 1-14.)LIST OF THE TOMBS AT BENI HASAN. (Nos. ‘only No.1. Unihe, « mgh-hewn pio ony Ie iesgtions gral or mummy-pita ‘No.2 Tomb of Amenemhat (vide detailed descrip- tion,» No, 3, Tomb of Chnemhotep [II.] (vide detailed erin, p. 39). No. 4. Tomb of Chnembotep [IV.] Unfinished, with portico in antis, which consisted of two (one now Eipeapeds thtad and weliguptined alums (0 ‘Pi. xxxix. and for details Pl. xl.). The main chamber a kage os etic is to me Se oe SN ting sex ak teal is be earl, tranny its, paintings, or gral. Uyon the lintel of fhedornay t the main chambers incised the Plowing Sterpton, naming the ower of the tomb together ith bis rand mothers name sey Tao SS rk sti bv lt go D1G, “She ona tum, fis Jo. prince, Chounlotp, tom of the Indy of the howe Salt)” (On the relationship of Chnembotep [IV.] with the family of Chnembotep (11, ne forthe Bent evan, Part IL, General Notiee, §7, The Family of Chnemhotep.) ‘Thetonh want doriad by Chapel (oumens Notices, tome ii, ff 458-459, No. 5). On Lepsius’ survey ‘it is numbered 8 (Denkma/er, Abth, i., BL 58). 1-14.) No. 5, Unfinished, with portico in antis which consists of two 16-sided columns. ‘The main chamber is unfinished, but was designed to contain three aisles of nearly equal width with curved roofs, No paintings, sraffti, or mummy-pits. No.6. Unfinished. In plan a small square chamber. No paintings, grafiti, or mummy-pits No.7 Unfinished, One mummy-pit, No paint ings or graffiti, No.8 Unfinishod. In plan a small square chamber. ‘Tivo mammy-pits. No.9. Apparently finished, but with no paintings or inscriptions. Tt consists of a small open outer court (ith one mummy-pit), @ rectangular main chamber (with one mummy-pit), and a small shrine, No. 10. Unfinished. In plan a rectangular chamber. ‘One mommy-pit. No. 11. Unfinished, portico in antis which eon- sisted of two octagonal columns and curved ceiling. No main chamber, paintings, inseriptions, or grafiti. One mammy-pit in front of the entrance to portico, ‘No. 12, Unfinished. No mummy-pits, paintings, ‘or inscriptions, No. 18. ‘Tomb of the royal scribe Chnembotep (vide detailed deseription, p. 73). No, 14, Tomb of Chnemhotep [L.] (vide detailed description, p. 79).TOMB No. 2. 28 fo oo ‘Tous oF maz LOT. sean SR“ Gunar Chune or mux Onex Nous; J =F Anema (PLATES U.—XX1)FORMER DESCRIPTIONS AND COPIES. ‘The tomb wae rat doseribod by JOMARD in 1798 (Desoription de FEyypts, Antiq, Tome iv pp. 996-840), who notes that it ‘was then “bien conservé dans toutes ses partcs.” In Murch, 1695, it was visited by JAMES BURTON (Diary, 1825, March 19-15, Brit, Mua, Add, MS. No. 95637, ff. 2,4, 73, and Brit, Mus. Add. MS. 25657, . 6); and thrve yeare later by the membors of the ‘Franeo-Tasean expodition under CHAMPOLLION and ROSELLINE (Champolion’s Zetires forts, p. 42; Monuments, pl ccexer, eotxcin, ote; Notices, Tome ii, 8. 425-494 and 458: Roedlini'a I Monument dell! Byitto e dalla Nubia, T, Monamenti sori, Parts prima, Tome iiy Tu chamber were made by ROBERT HAY in 1898, and copios of these wore afterwanis coloured for him by Dupay in 88st Mos Add MS, DBL A. 2858, £67; Add MS 29857, 12) ‘A few of the soenes and inscriptions were also eopiod by WILKINSON in 1894 (Manners and Customs of the Ancient Kgyptians (ed, 1878), Vol. i, 1-173, ete, and MSS. in the possesion of Sir Vanmosy Crewe); by NESTOR DB LVHOTE in 1840 (A1SS, in the Bibi. Nab. Paris, Tome the membera of the Prussian expedition under LLEPSIUS in 1842 (se0 MSS, at Berlin and Dentmaler, Abth, i, Bl. 121,122,141, 152g end hy Briefe, p 89, 06-10), » f 289); and by ‘At the time of the present survey the walls of the tomb were complete, and the soenes ‘and inscriptions in the upper rows of the main chamber in good preservation, sand apparently hardly injured since tho time when Champollion and Hay mado their copies in 1828. The lower rows, however, havo suffered considerable mutilation since that time, and many of the inscriptions are now almort obliterated, In several placea the plaster is scaling off, and the colours, owing probably to the preparations used by former copyists to bring them out, are fading fast. ‘The inscription on and round, the entrance to the shine was covered with whitewash by the Copte, who apparently ‘ued the tomb for » church, and out away the colosal seal figure of Amenemhat in the shrine to verve as an altas, Tho ingcriptions and paintinge in the shrine are muchTOMB No. 2. Pentov: XTIth Dynasty, Posrriox : Nurthern Group, (Usertsen T.) (Sketch Survey, Pl. i, No. 2) NAME, RANK AND TITLES OF THE OWNER OF THE TOMB. a YER I S® Amenembat, and shorter | f] Ameni. ‘These two forms of the mame ar varied soar FNS ACW 8, YER YER | ot YER. Rank. Governor of the Oryx Nome, the XVIth nome of Upper Egypt, and a high official in the Court of King Usertsen 1. Tiles, (@) Givit-— SZ rps, «Brpa-prince”’: a title believed to imply a right of inherit 2 tence” VQ vw, « Sab (ovsae ofthe King of Lower Bgypt" [EAS ome wt, « Conidental fend ofthe King.” LS bot apa sonata ste YS [oh tn us tre ropa squint tn? and |S) Sd ot um ae opal aousintance of the Saath.” EB SI dr dp 9m Md, “Gueat Custe ov sz Onrx Nowe.” $8 dep not, * Regulator of the two thrones.” SE TY A ee teprate, “aet fetta nthe bos ota Kag” xvii, (Ot pl. vi, S&S) AT BT A 3 mr ééwi (2) n shmh i, “Superintendent of the two (2) pools of sport” ANX]be mmr % (2) inet (@) do (7) Ui (2), “Oversver of horns, hoofe, feathers and minerals,” ie, of the animals and mines of the desert ().(comt.) 2 BENT TASAN, SS SS ELE) wr ae nae aa pts, «Superintendent ofall things which Earvea'gl gives vos (and) earth produces,” i.e. of natural productions of all kinds, Ui, tote tt who i in tho chamber” (Legal ttle) A'S 84 n, own tongs to the diy of Nasken”” (Lelie) LIBS a ao sv0, «Chior ofthe city of Nesbeb.” (Legal tile) (6) Military :— ST A! Sy 2 me wr n aha, “Chie captain ofthe Bost of the Oryx nome” (© Ratigious:— ATUL tie Ye ‘mr knw nie n Hnm nb Hrwr, “Superintendent, ofthe print of Chem, Lan of Har.” Esprened sho by FX Tf fd so 5S QT | tn nde n Sew Nt, « Pei of Sha and Teta” EGE] | tn mtr Air whew, « Priest of Horus OF the two scorpions.” (CE. p. 222) TERME ADT ve te beertam Shemeu: TOYS LW] omy a1, Comrt in th te ofthe gates Net ey So st of Anubis Within the House of ‘mr ro pw,“ Superintendent of the temples.” BIS, ir eit n maw nt, «Set over the mysteries of divine words” aN TDG m0 ne m at mtr, Regulator of the sa (rank or succession) in the toe” ic DT ELTA ELAS, wr entity nt Soprntendent ofthe dition of the divine offerings” SAL PES ern rt m pr Tnat!A noble great of year in he boas Fie ged Am. (Ob plik and p. 22) fa J & wr 20 tr dp,“ Oniet lector” (it, “holder of the book”). PIS $A om dep ance nd, Sem-master ofall the tunies.” oF Bwl2h5 (iti ee: FEE] LE) EYL tro te a7 Regulator ofthe temples of Net (9.”Religion. Father, BENI HASAN. 18 RELIGION. No repretentation of any divinities occurs in the tomb, Prayers aro exclusively addressed to the two chief funereal gods, Osiris of the West, Lord of Abydos or of Dadu, and Anubis In the city of ‘Embalmment upon his hill, or Lord of the Ta-jeser. ‘The following deities aro named in the inscriptions :-— SSD IS sta ine ine, Hore Within Hebna.” S14 Be Fred rhs, “Horas, Smiter of the Recht” FE nooo 0). A fom ofthe god Horas, (Cpl vit and p 22) Oe” Tine whrwi, Horus OF the two seorpions”” (Ct pl. vi and p. 22) Bo SLE tom wt Hr, “Ce, Tod of Hoan” GSE yom ab h-t @), “Chnem, Lard of Aad.” = Gy Pibt nbt St, “ Pacht, Lady of the (Speos) Valley.” (RUT USP o ZS aetne nse ayn tnt tei, « Hathor, Lady of Nefras and Mistress of the two lands.” [RV LJYS edn ate Ne, # Maio, Lady of Neder” Bd Se, «sna» SoG) ayn, « Tota.” SY mea 7S QD 2Y RD tae 10 pr sna, « Arai Ta the hoose of Shomso.” 8 Ss ahd Soh br pf Pah Sorin Lad of Hosen” (p80 AMENEMHAT'S PARENTAGE AND FAMILY. Nome, unknown. oars unknown, Tidtes, 2 iy,“ Ha-prince;” and by implication \QZ Ay who bi{i], “Sahu, Treacurer of the King of Lower Bgypt.” = f| Bs "Chi in of the host of the Oryx nome.” SAT A] Ss SB wr vcr n ate, Chit coptain ofthe host of the Oryx nome’Mother. Wite Children, Officers and| ‘Members of| Household, “ BRNI HASAN. Nome, | 0) He, Hen. renoge enone, fmt dset bing a Gy = a danger of a Haines” sie, SF, wb py, tay the hoe.” Name, {2} mips, Hotept (rtay ident with te [SURG A tedrwtip, Hator ote ‘mentioned above the table of offerings on the south wall of the main chamber, pl. xvii, Parentage, unr, bata Gy —® ty daghie of He vince” rite, FYRI Z J%Plo ZS tn nue ede nts Nee bn tv, Prats of Unio, Lady of Neferus, Mistress of the two lands.” J] 90S Stn ne mara a, itn of Baht, Lay ofthe (Sp0 Valle” 2 SLI ett otn tT empl agente” SS nit pr, Lay ofthe hoe.” One son, Name, G83 Bambip, Chnembotep. Tikes, gy VR be Bb dp, “Chit tector” WGA ote tt, « Sabo ofthe King of Lower Bgypt” [RSS ame wi Confidential ind of the King.” LSTA tote mw m Kins, The true royal aoquaintance in the South.” SAT Ay ner nas « Captain of the host.” OFFICERS OF AMENEMHAT’S ADMINISTRATION AND MEMBERS OF HIS HOUSEHOLD. ‘The following list of officers is arranged in alphabetical order and not according to rank. Little is known of the various daties of the officers and servants here recorded beyond what ean be gleaned from the inscriptions accompanying the figures. In each instance reference is given to the plate on which the officals are named.Officers and Members of Household (cont) DUNE TASAN, o YD webu, « Food-providers” (1) (EZ SE Sunny, Semennecht, PL xviii, @ GILES Bam, Choom., Pl xvi @) YZ ranig, Anatet, PL xvii () SY L_ miiyy, Nebater, PL xvi. (5) GIG Famwity, Chnemabotep, Pl. vit © EX oD Aw, eon, Ph xvii () SEY Neto, Nema. Pav (8) [223 Hey, Hotep. Ph xl me te, Hote, PL xii ORT GEE when tm, Ronpvier of in waters” Ps YESH vn aati” 0) OSE Sp Sp 20) tombe # Bf, Chemo’ son Bat © BALE gam, Chnom. Pi. xii, HR om ana Sp Seribew” ©) OHSS Gam, Onnem. Ph xii ©) 2,2°S" Gosnb, Chuanch, Pl xin () SE wh, Neeht, Pi xii ) OIL LY Gammvt, Chnemembat. PL xii ©) BRAY enmity, Chnermbotep. Pl xii [ID 3 seb, Repeater” (ce. Th reporter of events to his master or as herald communicating his master’‘commands to the peopl), Pl. xii eS hs, « Fowler.” D9" sont Heth, PateOfficers and | ont.) ‘BENI HASAN, SS 5H cor sumo, « Chief valuer,” ie, “he who fixes prices and wages (?)." ©) LSS mp, Hotep. Pl xis, ) FROME SGPC” aoha-tinm a: Gumeend, Mahej-Chnem’s son Chnemscanch, PL PALE], 14 Corman of he iat.” LO iy, ster, i, ee QS 4 tnd, Ama, PI xix © & Mr, Hons, Ph avi, @ [22°5 Abedp, Hekthotep. Pl. xx. © YGF tee, ako, Ph xvii QUT ety, Anes. PL xvi © B\G= wo. Psi oS] 6 Mri, Mera, Pl. xx. 4K 5G) me wes, « Superintendent of the inner chamber” ) GEIA°F gambyp, Chnembotep. Bl xvii © BASE gm, chem, Pl six IAT SF aro «Suporintendent of the warehouse.” BRS Gemtip, Chnombotap. Pl. xx. KT EWE, woah “Superintendent of the hall of judgment.” TES YP Nerd, Netoranch, PL xii, SAT QF wre «Superintendent of land,” JY] By, Neteri. PL xiii Ti be Qos eneone 2 tKaa Bnd, Chnemdsj, Pi. xiOficers ana ‘Members of| Household (cont) BENT HASAN, uv AAT UST nr mro, “Superintendent of eanals @).” Pl xii, L2TZ MEP hip, Motethotep. PI. xii SP rps Sopeintondent ofthe house” 0) 2 Yb tom apse. Ph © HDB rye, dew. Pra ® BOSS Mikd-Ynm s Games‘, Mahej-Chnom’s son Chnemseanch, PL ii, and ot SE wr enn, AT r ‘ur pr Bd, Superintendent of the silver-house.” Spl) mis make. Phse SAT AEP EY wr era prt, Steward of the hoa of eternity.” BP EAZ Gemenp, Chnombotep, Pl. xvii INT LILES ne pen ait, « Superintendent of the auditory” Pl, xvii, SATB rev, Soerntndnt offre men. QB ret Hontote, Psi LTD 140, «Sopintondent of th reams” GIASEB aim, Chnom. PL xi, SPE, mis cepted of civinn (in hn formyl 2." ) GYSEY Fumonge, Chmemunveht, Pl xx. © YT cnty, anatet. PI xix. © F549 waa Nechta, Pxx, © GRE somite, Omemotsp. Phss 6 YEN my, Aten PL xn | mr tot, “Superintendent of the gangers.”” Pls, vii. and vel SAT ASP EEE TP] or... taht, “Superintendent of weaving.” Pl xiii, (ef Beni Hasan, Patt IL, Pl i.) ©Oficers and ‘Members of| ‘Household (cont) ‘ThePriests, ® BENT HASAN. mn NS te nt «Vea G23 YF ometip, Chnembotep. Pl. xi ED sth, “ Valued servant @).” () GRAZ Bambip, Chnembotep. Pl xx, © GPSS Bom, Chem, PI. xvi AQ) 2 “Hatznm” ) Gf —2 By Bons ©, Chnemas, Pl xi DY me; Hetw. PL xii, OURS meow Pit, UI G4 tony @, Henemy @. PL xvi 8p sve, « Attendants.” ) QPS” mlanb, Hetanch, PI. xi @) BV SSUb, ShesSebek. PL xii @ GILES Bom, Chnem. PI xii of, Ht, Pte 20 Bn FE Ney Neon, Phx THE PRIESTS. ‘The following is a list of the priests whose names are inscribed in the tomb, and who were apparently appointed to officiate at the fumereal services in honour of Amenemhat — (QQ om, the Som-pries” Pl. xvii Ja JZ oan de dp, “Oniet lector” Jol wi Apa. Pi xix,‘BENI HASAN, ze ‘The Priest (cont) G5 Fomhtp, Chnembotap. Pl vit ]Q enw ner, « Divine sah” QoS GELB vee Gam-m-44, Crnemembat’s son Ap. Pl xix. (and of, Pl. xx). VERBOSE Weetpe, Vier-Anps, PL xi Ro J 2,6 Te Lecter” () GRI*Z Guntip, Chnembotep. PI. xvi, © GRAS Gonvm-b%, Chnemuembat, Pl. xvii (© we Un PL xvii, QS we othe Eabalmen” Bef 4 sehr Sata, PL sit GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE TOMB. 4un02 wz1n0 Kay Puax ro Scxens ano Tnecatrni0,Dromos. Outer court, Main ‘chamber, Shrine, » ‘BENI HASAN, ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES, (see Plate 11-Va) A-road or dromos (till distinguishable by the dark brown boulders ranged on either side) forms the approach to the tomb, and oan be traced down the slope of the bill from the open outer court to the edge ‘of the eutivated land. ‘The entrance to this open onter court is 6 fect 8 inches in width ; its front wall, which is partly destroyed, was probably never more than two oF threo feet in height: the floor is rough. ‘The fagade of the tomb is eut into the side of the cliff and prosents a fine architectural front. Tt consists ofa * portico in antis,”e, it has two columns and antae, The shafts of the columns are oetagonal, snd stand on lange cireular bases slightly raised above the flor-level and with rounded sides. ‘The shifts, which have a slight dimination towards the top, are each surmounted by a plain square abacus, which projects beyond the upper periphery but is of the same width as the lower diameter of the shaft. ‘The architrave, which rests upon the abacus, i of the same width and without any architectural divisions. Its apparent supports on either wall are slightly projecting pilasters corresponding to the anfae in a Greek temple: they are plain and of the samo width as the architrave. Above the architrave and upheld by a narrower extension of the same pilasters there is a ledge of rock, somewhat resembling. a cornice, the soft of which was seulptured with false rafterends, laid flat but rounded below, and corresponding to the amutules of the Doric order (see Front elevation, Pl. iv., and ef. Pl. xxii and description, p. 52). ‘The "upper part of the oornice is too much decayed to show tho’original form, The esting of the portico is of curved section taking the form of a segmental barrel vault, which is placed at right angles to the ax of the tomb (see Longitudinal section, Pl, iv.) the arch therefore springs from the architrave of the ‘column on one side and from the wall whieh separates the portico from the principal chamber on the other. ‘The portico is separated from the main chamber by a wall 4 feet 7 inches thick, and in this a doorway is formed, the threshold of which is raised 5 inches, ‘The door-posts and lintel (technically the “architrave ‘of the doce”) projet from the wall 1 inch, and are quite flat: on this flat surface are incised the titles of the owner of the tomb given in Pl vii, Upon the jambs (je, in the thickness of the wall) is incised the long biographical inscription figured in Pl. vii.: the sofit is plain, Tn plan the main chamber is nearly symmetrical ; it is lighted only from the doorway, and originally could be shut off from the portico by a door (no traces of which, except the pivot-hole for swinging it in, now remain) opening inwards. ‘The oof is supported by four columns in two rows, which run parallel to the axis of the tomb, and which divide the chamber into three sisles of nearly equal width. ‘The columns support a plain architrave, from which spring threo barrel vaults of a segmental section, ‘The shafts are 16-sided, 16 feet 8 inches high, and the largest diameter is 8 feet 4 inches. ‘The bases, like those in the portico, are maisod 5°5 inches above the level of the floor and chamfered : their diameter is 6 feet 4 inches, ‘The shafts tayer slightly 5 are fluted the whole of their length, and are surmounted by a plain square abacus, which is of the same width as tho diameter of the summit of the column. ‘The flutes are 84 inches broad; they have no filets, and the deepest part of the groove is barely balf an inch. One of the sixteen sides of each shaft (that parallel with the axis in the central space, see detail of column, Pl, v.) is left flat, and was probably intended for the insertion ofa line of hieroglyphs. At the east end of the main chamber is the Shrine or Sanctuary, excavated deep in the rock: it is a small rectangular chamber raised a stop above the floor of the main chamber, from which it was separated by double doors opening outwards (eee pivot-holes in plan, Pl. iv.). ‘At the eastern end of it is the colossal statue of Amenemhat, seated on a throne (now mutilated), and flanked by two smaller standing figures, all of which are hewn out of the solid rock, Crossing the south aisle of the main chamber are the openings of two mummy-pits, with slightly raised and rounded rims projecting 1} inches above the floor-lovel; ono near the western end (seo plan, PL iv. A), the other in the nidale (Le. B) ; neither of them have been cleared, though both were probably rifled in ancient times,Exterior Taseription BENI HASAN a INSCRIPTIONS, Extenion Insontrmioy (Gee Key plan A, B, C, and Pl. vii)—On the door-posts and lintel of the entrance to the main chamber is an incised hieroglyphic inscription of thirteen lines, giving the name and ttle of Amenembat. The fat surface of the doorposts and Tintel was originally painted pinke and splashed with black, dark red, and green, so as to resemble rose granite, and the incised hieroglyphs were picked out in green. ‘The text of this inscription, of which the following is a transliteration and transla tion, has been published, though with sovoral errors, by Champollion (Monuments, Pl. ocxcix,) and by Lepsius (Dovemaler, Abth, ii, Bl. 121). On the lintel are five horizontal lines reading — Le Cab rw sb awe nb dts (nd 2) ‘nb mawt Hin (2) nd Life of Horus, life of births, possessor of tho two realms, life of births, (victorious) hawk of gold, ‘nh mowt at eG] Uprti-Bs, ah Warten life of births, King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Cheper-ka-Ra, son of Ra, —-Usortson T,, tr nf nb bow bie bt aonb aa ‘g00d god, lord of the diadems, raster of eeremonials sive of life, stability (its postosor of the right of performing [avin] things), ois fio oop mii Be dt [and] power, widening his heart like Ra eternally, tm br Tam nb Hor pt i ne) Worthy before Chom, Lord of Herur, the erpa-prinee, the ha-prince, favoured with the (royal) hand @), sho (2) BUG] or wi Be dp Sn Mika smifi] m st m Bt mtr royal sahu, privy councillor, the great chief of the Oryx nome, the regulator of the Sa-rank or succession in the temple, “nny mire Ameni, justified, 8. mh br Hew Arhyt rot e Worthy before Horus, Smiter of the Rechit, the expaeprines, ‘the Aa-prinoe, inet sms nbl dit pt kms t favoured with the (royal) hand (?), superintendent of all things which heaven gives (end) earth produces, ‘mr (2) inal (2) aw (2) 18 (2) rh atm mix “Inset mit rw oversver of horns, hoofs, feathers, minerals, the true royal acquaintance, Amenemhat, justified. 4 fins br Hr bt ew rp i fim Wh ey doef Worthy before Horus Within Hebna, the expa-prinee, the Aa-prince, he who is in the heart of the prince himself, amr upt hp ntr Tht llal ie Bese superintendent of the distribution () of the divine offerings, Ameni, justified.Exterior Tnseription ‘eot.) a BENT HASAN, imi br Hum ab Ti-dbt @ rp i ines Worthy before Chnem Lord of Aa-dbet (f), the erpa-prinee, hucprince, favoured with the - (royal) hand (?), oh 8m enpt m pr Tint mr du n aban 1 “Tmnm-hit the noble great of years in the house of TIm...t.! superintendent of the pools of sport, Amenemhat, ax rw justified, On the left-hand door-post are four vertical lines reading -— L Di hip stn “Desir nb Dato tr ‘nb sbdw May the King give an offering (and) Osiris Lord of Dada, Great god, Lord of Abydos, aS pr bw 8 Mt the ‘pao smn ray he give per-cheru offerings of bread, eer, oxen, wild fowl, -—_Tinen bandages, Mpt ap akon in Tnnmbt mito ma n Tw offerings of food to the ka of the worthy one, Amenemhat, justified, born of Henn. 2, In the first half of the line are given the usual titles, then follows-— (YQ ete.) ote iri Non Ir dp NB Ho who is in the chamber, he who belongs to the city of Nechen, chief ofthe city of Necheb, Iu utr Hiro wh'es? amiy m bit NE or ® priest of Horus Of the two Scorpions, consort in the house of Net, (®) k Uap nats Ir mtn or the ha-prince, regulator of the two thrones, gs stn m rs @) imo (P) sh Sm kebot Aro a dh and . * noble great of tact on the day of inspiring fear, daw and etn pad érnrt trp ib int @ (F,) inspiring the Nine-bows with fear of the King, regulator of the heart and of the lips 2) 4 Rept & sb Hw bint pt mr rw pro ‘Tho orpa-prinee, the ha-prinoe, adorer of Horus In heaven, superintendent of the temples, gt hr vb mado def trhb Irdp am bp éndt nif] being a master of the art of causing writing to speak, chief lector, sem-priest master of every tunic, ‘(is of interpreting writing), great of + form of he god Horo in dneibed at Bf © in Denker, Abth. Si, BL xi * Perhaps en early form of “ Horus on the crocodiles,” » figure representing the youthful deity as triumphant over all dangerous animals.Exterior Inseription (et. ‘Biographi- cal Insorip. BENT HASAN, 28 ‘Below these four vertical lines is incised a figure of Amenombat (facing »—>), seated on a chair and bong insight tad he fsa fmm ‘On the right-hand door-post are four vertical lines reading :— 1 “Inp dp doof tm wt and Anubis Upon bis hill Within the city of embalmment, ab Tider Avot nfrt m at innit inf m brent akin ‘Lord of the snored Ind, a good burial in the western hill in his tomb of Chernetor to the ka of inh “Tnnemedt the worthy one, Amenemhat. 2. In the frst half ofthe line are given the usual titles then follows -— fins ) Hb m r(oyt nb suds ond ir bo m bw nb pleasing the heart of all people, making to prosper the timid man, making a coming to every person sb Ld but forwarding (travellers) up or down the river, 8 Bye sr wo mtr rh ofnn ‘The enpa-prince, _arprinee, _superintendont of the priests, recognizing the means of ‘ecomplishing thinge,@) hw apf dom tot) bia in wen Int m be arriving at his appointed time, free of planning evil, nor was there greediness in bia body, afm mat mist he spake in words of truth, 4 Ry i ‘owe BD at stn ‘The enpa-prince, fa-prinee, unique as a mighty hunter, the place of the heart of the King, ips fw In ntr n Sw Tat rh etm mit font apportioning the places of feeding, priest of Shu and Tefnut, the true royal acquaintance in the South, Below these four vertical ines is incised a frre of Amonombat (facing ) — [nib] br Hew bntt (sie) Hom ro i ime [Worthy] towards Horus within Hebnu, the erpa-prince, the ha-prince, favoured with the (royal) band (f), * Qyfent in Lepsius’ copy is incorrect. los gba8 BENI HASAN. Pb afin iw apf io m fat tin recognizing means of accomplishment ansiving at his appointed time, free of arranging ill, “Tm )-m-A{f] Amenemhat, ‘The following is transliteration and translation of the two on the southern architrave:— (© Western half (>) — ‘Fehr Ham nb Hever ie ines Worthy before Chnem lord of Herur, the ha-prinoe, favoured with the (royal) hand (®), 8 fot m pr stn Bam n wpe fr Dest wre great of favours in the house of the King, obedient to the royal messengers, doing the things approved by the nobles, Tlma}ukt mi rw Amenemhat, justified. (@) Hastern ball (—w) :— Tnil r Ham nb "Tedbt (@ i ine @) ‘Worthy before Chnem lord of Aadbt (?), the da-prinee favoured with the (royal) hand (2), daw ptf mw do m dd grg rhebr speaking the right, when he judges between two brothers, clear of speaking fraud, knowing the procedure m sh nono gm tom gf [in] (sie) in the council of the elders, finding order in its entanglement, Amenemhat. (or fading not in ita skein ") Ixsouterion ovan axp anouxp Exrnance 70 Sunixx (see Key plan, J, a, by ¢, and Pl. xv.).—This insoription gives titles of Amenemhat, and consists of ten lines, four horizontal and six vertical, ‘The hieroglyphs are painted green on a white ground. On the lintel of the doorway are four horizontal lines (<—.) :— 1. Gives the usual titles and mr fw afr n Lam, “ Superintendent of the priests of Chnem of Herur.” 2. Usual titles and— sor fst m pr ate fir hewn wp great of favours in the house of the King, contenting the heart on the day of judging, at hutefn mitef careful of his going to his equals, Amenemhat, &. 8. Usual titles and— sb aft he wae mao mr fnbt nb bmn saining reverence on the day of weighing words, beloved of the officials of the palace, Amenemhat, &e,Tnseription over and around En- trance to (cont) Ceiling. BENI HASAN. » 4, Usual titles and— wiht wif mat ban gm nf longsuffering, o, (, Amenemhat, &e, On the left-hand door-post are three vertical lines ;— 5. Gives the Di hp stn "Ter formula, a prayer to Osiris, 6, Usual titles and— rh at rdf m pr atn im tb wr mn nbsp knowing the place of his foot in the house of the King, the great favourite of his lord, Ameni, &e. 7. Usual titles and— wh 1b mobrctb wre rh pro» mdeop longsuffering in tho midst of the nobles, knowing that which eomes from (On the right-hand door-post are three vertical lines :— 8, Gives the Di ftp stn “Tup formula, a prayer to Anubis, 9, Usual titles and— da jrd r ph-f wr fs m phat bringing up the child until it grows big, Amenemhat, 10, Usual titles and— nb dime met Bs mary af possessor of favour abounding in love, _a ruler beloved of | PAINTINGS. ‘Maw Onawpen, (Plates VI. and X-XVIL. + Key Plan F-M) ‘The exiting has already been deseribed (p. 20) as consisting of three segmental vaults with plain curved softs. Bach of these rectangular compartments is covered with a painted pattern, and a large part of one (entire width and about one-third of the length) is shown on Plate vi. This decoration isthe same in each, and represents (vide Pl. vi), [1] a wooden beam ranning longitndinally down the centre of the compartment. Its colour is yellow with brown graining, and upon it, between two thick lines of dark Ulue, are painted two mutilated inseriptions in blue hieroglyphs starting from the entre and reading thus ><. ‘They give the usual prayer to Osiris and Anubis, together with the name and titles of Amenembat. [2] On either sido of the beam the space is divided by thin black lines into small rei and yellow squares containing quatrefeils which are black in the red squares and bluo in the yellow. ‘This design is continued to the edges of the ceiling at the architraves and walls; but in the centr is [3] a large rectangular space of a different pattern, crossed by the beam and bordered by two white lines0 BENI HASAN. enclosing a narrow black band, within which is a wavy white line. This space is divided transversely into thio nearly equal compartments. Tn tho contral one, which is narrower than the athors, is painted 1 check pattorn (yellow and red); it is separated from the other compartments by narrow bands of yellow crossed with blac lines, ‘The remaining spaces are Sled with imitation mat-work of plan yellow and yellow with brown stripes the direotion of the two kinds of reeds alternating in the four compartments ‘hich the beam forms in exossing the to spaces. ‘The Frieze consists of the usual Khaker {} ornament painted in colonrs. Beneath the Khaker ornament and at tho sides isa border of coloured Feetangles (yell, blue, red, and green), separated with ack lines enclosing @ white line, which forms n * framing ” to the scenes. Beyond this, atthe side roped (t) pattern (vide plates), and beyond this again, bat not shown in the plates, i a very narrow line of Be. Immediately below the paintings are, (@) West wall (northern half), six narrow bands of colon, gray, red, white, yellow, white and black respectively. (®) West wall (southern half), south side of false door, two bands of eolour, yellow and red respec tively; north side of false door, a very narrow black band. (e) North wall, five narrow bands of colour, red, white, yellow, white and black respectively. (A) Bast wall, a narrow band of yellow. Around the hieroglyphs over and around the entrance to the shrine are five narrow bands (see Plate xv.), black, white, blue, white and red respectively. (6) South wall, two narrow bands of red and yellow. Below all these bands of colour is a space of about 2 fest 6 inches of plain unpainted stone, excepting only where the ‘false door” on the west wall, Pl. xii, roprosenting the mystic ontranoo to the tomb, reaches to the floor ‘The style of painting vaties considerably on the different walls. On the south wall the paintings are very carefully executed on a well-prepared surface consisting of a thin coat of plaster; the hieroglyphs and all matters of detail are exceedingly delioately worked (for a specimen of the painting see Pl.x.). The paint- ings on the north, east, and west walls are boldly but coarsely executed, many of the figures being badly proportioned. ‘There are also soveral curious instances of mistaken perspective (eide calf with foreshortened. neck in Row 4, North wall, &., Pl. xiii.) ‘The explanatory hieroglyphs on these three walls are roughly painted in green, ‘Waor Watt, (See Key plan P and G and Pl. ind xi) 4 Jk (ENTRANGE Fuse 0 Door a m nScenes (cont) | BENI HASAN. a Pl. XI.—Immediately below the frivgo is, on the west wall (north side, 2) a Tine of painted hieroglyphs >, giving the prayer for pereheru offings and nameof Amenemhat. ‘Tho scones in soven ro equal height, show arts, trades, and agricultural pursuits, ‘Thoro is no edging line to ter scones before the doorway, and on the north side the latter outs sharply through the figures. Row 1. Manufacturers of lint knives [J], Sandal makers [e] Row 2. Carpentering. Bowyers [i]. Coopers [¢]. Arrow-making [/]. making, &e. [9]. Row 3. Goldsmiths [4 and s). Row 4. Potters [j]. Row 5. Flax eultivation [A], an linen manufacturers (7). Row 6, Harvesting (ym and x]. Row 7, Plovghing and sowing (0). PL, XIL—On the south side of the west wall immediately below the friege is [A] a line of painted roglyphs Sf = f mS ft (1) "Imbyt br Ht-hrw ‘ubt Nfrw-(2)s br Pibe nbt St Worthy towards Hathor lady of Neferus, towards Pacht Indy of the (Speos) valley br (8) Hero mryt tet slg athe abt pr towards Hathor in Arit, his wife, his beloved one, the daughter of a ha-prince, lady of the house, Hipt met brw Hotept, justified, On the left-hand side of the colossal figure of Amenemhat is a statue of is mother (Key plan, T), of similar size and proportion to Hotept, clothed in the same kind of white garment, and likewise wearing bracelets and anklets. At her feet is incised -— 22 fF EL of SI moe be nie mkt pr How met bre, “Devoted to Osiris, the lady of the house, Hens, justified.”36 BENI HASAN. On the wall above her head are four vertical Paint 1 of painted hieroglyphs (now much faded and (eons | utlted, reading = boo a — 2 3 Sb yz of [0 2 Ge o 0 = ft in Ra = of () “bnsbyt br Hebrw be (2) Nfrws by Pobt nbt (3) St Devoted tovards Hathor, Indy of Neerus, towards Pact, Indy of the (Spoon) Valley, mbf metef art (4) Be abt pr Hawi mother, his beloved onc, the daughter of a he-prince, the lady of tho house, Henna, met bre justified. Nonmt ax Nonrit-wesn Wats (sce Pl. xix. and Key plan N, 0). Duonax or Wats-Purstive, Immediately below the frieze is, on the North wall [seo Diagram, AJ, a line of painted hieroglyphs, <<, giving the prayer to Anubis for a good burial, and on the North-west wal an inscription [Ac] reading : “Imilk br ntr nb pt T[ma]y, “Devoted towards the great god, lord of heaven, Ameni.” The scenes, in four rows of nearly equal height (D, Da, E, Ea, F, Fa, G, Ga], show priests performing services and bringing offerings to lay on tho altar [B], as it were before the eolossal statue of Amenombat, ‘on the East wall, Above the altar, in two rows [C], is an ins giving a brief tabulated résumé of the offerings (twenty-two in all), ana a horizontal line of hieroglyphs descriptive of the scenes, ‘This Sct atwpt ipdo r Bet n bw BTlnn]} mi brw, “causing to be brought choice joints (and) wild fowl to the great Aad (brine) for the Aa of the Aa-prince Ameni, justified.”Paintings (cont) Additions and Corrections BENI HASAN, Eo Sourn ann Sovri-wesr Watts (sce Pl. xx. and Key plan, p. 19, P and Q). s sw Fa (Fez A e D E > ¢ Dionaw or Waui-Parsnine, ‘Immediately below the frieze is, on the South wall [A], a line of painted hieroglyphs <—w, giving the sin tp di “Toi formula, and on the South-west wall [Aa] an inseription reading : ‘Zash br'Tup "(maf ‘mi fra, “devoted towards Anubis, Ameni, justified.” The scenes, in four rows of nearly equal height [D, Da, B, Ea, F, Fa, G, Ga] show priests performing services and bringing offerings to lay on the altar [B], as it were before the colossal statue of Amenemhat on the Hast wall, Above the altar, in ‘two rows [C], is an inscription giving a brief tabulated résumé of the offerings (twenty-two in all) and horizontal Tine of hieroglyphs descriptive of the scenes. ‘This line reads: S-bpt inw nb nr r hE St m Fem Be T[mi]y m* rw, “causing to be brought all good produets to the shrine for the ke of the Ahaeprinee, Ameni, justified.” ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS T0 TOMB No. 2, 90,121 For 2 feet 6 inches read perbaps “4 fet 6 inches": tho base of the false door is 124 inches from ‘the ground (Hay). 5h antigo the bs ofthe tae May oy intnten SEB 000 and det conti he rnin of tn rnd i PL vi, For “wooden beam” read “band representing a wooden beam. PL xii, Hay’s copy shows the right-hand lower corner moro complete: in the bottom row is one more oa's head fund three men are standing in the eanoe; of the figures only the contral one it now parle. Tn Rowe 6 and 7 on the left the name of Hotept is npon two boxes and the mirror. Pl. xiii, ‘The blundered inseription at the top is correctly copiod, but the net is placed too low. ‘Thero should be space between it and the heads of the Sigore, eaving room for the fall height of the bows. On the left, ig, there should be a gazelle in the as, ‘Most of the small inscriptions are in linear hieroglyphs. ‘The names and titles of the offcers can be found in the ‘text, pp. HE19, amt ROD Fi a->” OPE ow 5 rotten ee [BS PS. ma TR pl QSa PUERCO PREL SBIR coz Bows. SETS yf svete nein fomth compartment LT RW 5b (f birt tr Q),‘Additions Corrections (cont) 8 ‘BENI HASAN, + Row & Architrave on the two colamns ‘Row 7. Scribe standing on the Tow 6-7. Lett ond. Building and figures complete in Hays cop ‘man standing before eribo seated at table (2), division wall, man driving the asso corn heaped against tho division wall, gato. Sco aloo Rosi, M,C. xexiv. 2. Tho hioratie inscriptions on tho gran ‘are alzo copied by Champollion (Notices, i, pp. 431-2). Danton oro ME QSEMB TE, TIT OT OE wax QE BF ostoetamam ninetitesiiagon ae el =, on =a oe oo poeta 1 Poh Roh. POTS FAT, = 3! x28), 2B Lon Pls. Toprom. The gaps aro more complete in Hays coy: that a the rightshand end has bee cot short fn the printing. Roms4:5. On comparison with Hay's two copies, many details appeas to bn missing or incorrect The perpendicalae Ain of te forrwe wala abou not bo cried down to tho tau: several daggers gid te, an ext cao miang. ow. €, Small inrpion oe nea targnad F'] 7 fe (a. Pl.xvi, ‘The boats are more perfect in Hay's copy. Tn tho middle of the fourth row a sheaf of arrows is lying on ‘he ground placed vertically between the archer and th maa with a Battle, Pav, A.few dels wre more perfect in th devciptie table ofthe offerings; near tho mide (17th in fom et in ler sow) reed @ 1" Yh (ay). Pla, 4H may save trouble it Teta that the position of this i not rogorded,TOMB .No. 8. Tous or raz “T] BY JSS “Avwonernazoe ov mux Easrmy Drsken,” HSL SG Common. (FRONTISPIECE axo PLATHS IL, XXII—XXXVIIL)FORMER DESCRIPTIONS AND COPIES, "The tomb was frst decorbed by JOMARD in 1798 (Deseription de PBeypte, Tome iv. pp. 9293 BURTON copied the Grout Inscription in 1825 (Brit, Mua, Add. 408, 95697, ff. 2,4, and 79 and Becorpa Hieroglyphic, Pl, xxx); snd later, in 1823 the tomb was described and several of the scenes wero copied by the members of the Franco-Tasean expedition wader CHAMPOLLION (Pepiere de Champollion in Bibl, Nat; Moauments, Notices, Tome ti 885195; Lettre Sovit, p. 42) and ROSBLLINE (I Monumenti del? Hyitto « detta Nubia (Parte prima), Tome i, Tay, xxvi, and Tome i Tay, xxviy xexi, ete, (Parte acconda), Tome i, pp. 06, and MSS. in the University Library ot Pist). ‘Small scale copies of the wall paintings and inscriptions, ‘excopt those inthe shrine, were made by HAY in 1828, and copies of these were eolonred for him by Dupuy in 1699 (Brik, Mua, Add, ‘MS, 20818, 1, 1520; Add. MS. 29647, 50.02; Add. MS, 285, 902-465). Several ‘of the scenes and inscriptions were copied by WILKINSON in 1898 (Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians, and MSS). Small scale drawings of all tho paintings and inscriptions, except those in the shrine, were also made by the members of the Prussian expedition undor LEPSIUS in 1842, and afterwards published in the Denfindlon, Abth. fi, Bl. 128.190, At the time of the present survey the walls of the tomb were complete, but the soenea ‘and inscriptions of the main chamber hava suffered considerably sinoe the time when Champolion and Hay made their copies in 1898. ‘The Great Inscription, which forma ‘he dado to the main chamber, was, in 1888 or 1889, much mutilated by a rekon: thief, who removed or destroyed all the royal namee; and all the colours of ‘the paintings are much faded, owing, apparently, to the preparations used ty former copra to bring them ont, Tho nse'ptions and palntings in the shrine are chNome. Rank, Titles. TOMB No. 3. Pentop : XIIth Dynasty. Posiriox : Northern Group. (WE. Usertsen TL) (Skoteh Survey, Pl. ii, No. 3.) NAME, RANK AND TITLES OF THE OWNER OF THE TOMB. GFa [SG Chnemhotep, sometimes also written fy, OA Administrator of the Eastorn Desert and Ha-prince of Menat-Chufa, (@ Civil :— ST, rps, Brpacprince” : a title beliaved to imply a right of inheritance, 2 bs" Hapsinee.” \QD te aes, « Sats (treasure) of tho King of Lower Bgypt” [ESE Gane wt, « Confidential friend of the King.” le oe © || * st, “Royal acquaintance” (also written in monogram }, and VES YA vt et mrs ae rope siti” TSP IES nr at inte, « Administrator of the Eastern Desert” 2. S99 THLDIE km ant tape terns iat town of Mena Chufa.” 2 ARTIS [Lg 4m pr wr, « He-prine in the grat house.” EB CF ot sds. Oo eA LL fir dp Alou) nb, Chief of all princes.” SBA GJ ivi wen © n os, « He who belongs to the double house (?) of Geb.” t. LIQ ar ap nos, « cuiet ofthe city of Necheb.”a BENI HASAN. © Religious — FAT TLL | rane nee Superintendent of the priest” TUS nner Hw, « Priest of Horus” [SS be nr “Tnpw, “ Priest of Andis.” ‘of Horus.” ADS wD 0 Hr THs Se wilb ©) Pibt, Udeb-priost of Pacht.” posal tl 235 Iv dp it ht ntr Prt, “Chief of the offices in the temple of Pacht.” So RATE INS FD gw tree min ntre it) pr Bibs, “ Chief in bringing the goddess in the house of Packt.” By | a oct w ma utr, « Chet of the divine secrets.” [ED GR om dew ange nb, + Sen-priest, master ofall the tanion” $0 J) be a, «Leotor” CHNEMHOTEP'S PARENTAGE AND FAMILY. Father. | Name, “S| iri, Nehora. Parole, Son of $$ stn, Sebkanc, whose ak and tis ae wakoown, Title, TH, rp, “ Erpa-prince.” is, Haeprinoe.” TRAOSS TL ae nut at “szakprince of the New Towns” ee Blow, p. 6, footnote 2) Mother | Name, Se 2() Bye, Bakt. Parentage, Daughter ofthe Hak-prince of the Oryx or XVIth nome of Upper Egypt fie. © Ka § 5 Hnmhtp, Chnembotep [I] and G.° of} stip, Satap, his wife. (See below, p. 82, ‘Tomb No. 14.)]Mother— Wife, Second Wife, Children. BENI HASAN. a Titles, SES rttps(d), “ Brpa-princess.” 2 Sa Mt, “ Ha-prinooss.” Name, Yl) By, Cet. Parentage, Daughter of an unnamed Hak-prince of the Jackal nome and "x= Tu, Thent his wife. Tites, Ge —D, wt s, “Daughter of a ha-prine.” 22 bt, « He-sinces” de sat stn, « Royal soqusintance”” LYS te ner tear, Priestess of Hathor.” JV ZS tn ner vids, « Priestess of Pacht.” FS ott pr aly f the boa” Name, FS BO Det, Tat. Parentage, Daughter of a woman named []'] Wino, Netera. Title, GD Sit, « Suhtet” oe AD eno [IB mbt pr, “Lady of the house” See “List of Tombs,” No. 4, on p. 7.) jequaintance of her lord.” [A] Sons, (0) By his wife Oheti — s |e os Hof ke PeRe 0) FE wag nea, PSE NO Sa oO S| wor m beg at of HR Mthe eldest of his body, to whom was given the inheritance of Khare.” He was an ST, ps, “ Brparprines,” and a 2 js, “ Ha-prine,” and was created by Usertsen TE. Hab-prince of the Jackal nome, made his mr w'li, “confidential friend,” and placed by him at the head of the Southern land, “according to the inheritance of his father’s mother.” 2) GEIS Bamite, Chnembotop. J a, «car VE FELD J soe noe x, « secret (2, Mistress of sport.” OFFICERS OF CHNEMHOTEPS ADMINISTRATION AND MEMBERS OF HIS HOUSEHOLD. ‘The following list of officers is arranged in alphabtical onder and not according to rank, Little is known of the vatious duties of the officers and servants here recorded beyond what ean be gleaned from the inseriptions accompanying the figures. In each instance reference is given to the plate on which the officials are named. j=ie GRAZ gomap, Chembotep. Pl. xxx. ful) Vale 2 WPI trig, it. Concerned with a department.” © SA aes, okt, PL xxix, (@) BY Nir, Neto, PL xxix WARS, tr be tit. “Concomed with things.” TSE Net Netwrtt, Ph aaie OD wu, « Poodproviden” () FE Not, Necht, PL xxev, 22) ap, Hep. Plexxxv. Soi, «Packer TS NU Necht, Pl xxix.Ofteers and ‘Members of| Household (emt) BENI HASAN. AY ~ () ORS Homi, Cemtote. Pl xz scribe.” © LU) Hy.cmi. Phas ) QEEYY ‘tors, Amen Phase, 8) [EE Nett, Netemecht, Ph xxx 9 te (8) E325 Mottip, Mentabotep. Pl. xxx, TR % by sme wodtr (),# Serbe ofthe table.” S&S Ay tnd ws Mutohtp, Rensel's son Mentubotep. Pl. xxx, BRD T vw cewe (), See of the btn” SE Nie, Neont, Plex, Yes, Jn stm, « Royal soribe.” €) QS YY tony, Ament. Phnee @) BN Poy, Pepi. Phe xxx. I wrt, Qt He, Wop, Pl. xxv. SM = went, a ene Hipt, Hotept, with— See NT Ul see ary, “Hor daughter Chet" and— See GSE see Gomnss, «Her daughter Chuemnecht.” Pl xxxv. 8 oh, “Fisherman? () [EE Nery, Neterneent. PL xxx @ $295 Mp, Hotep. Phx. @ AZZ toy Antet PL zeae‘BENI HASAN, a [9S ti, « Repeater” SENS IQ wadinn a, Nechta, wom of Bake” Plea. ETT! oats, “Baker.” QF vasa ries SSCA! bit pr! « Maid house-messenger.” TR 4 That. PL zee, eons eas eAT tls Pl xxxv. El) tony, « Gardener” (1) [=AZ Mirttp, Neferhotep. PL. xxix. bier nt “aks, “ Maid house-messenger of the department of offerings.” SE Miente, Netomecht, Pl xxix. @; ©) 5 Hip, Hote, PI xe. 3 Sant, “Nurse.” Ses, n't, Nurse —S eo FTA) mr Supviatendent ofthe farmyard” ny, chara PL ses ) JSF Nerds, Neterneoht. Pl xexv. Cee EN antes. PL sew © BELG Bomatp, Chnemhotep. PI. xxxv. SAT SLE mw Lint, « Superintendent of the inner chamber.” ) [FE Nerds, Neternecht, Pl xxx. ©) LO) wy, che, Ph xox 1 The variante of this title indicate the general meaning of this hitherto unexplained word, connecting it with the word 5.BENI HASAN. BTW ars, Superintendent ofthe warehouse.” @) GESG gumiep, Chnombotep, Pl xxx. ©) [FE Mende, Notemocht. PL xxx AT LEME, wry, “Suprntndnt of the bal ot judgment” = W-ay ome Pia AAT Bp! ner iho, « Superintendent ofthe cattle” SO ay, ser Phe, D FSD SAAN cttw 06, Ankcku’s son Ma, PL xxx. @) J JQ 22, Bove Pree ‘mr w, “ Superintendent of lands.” SAT ES vr hs, Superintendent of the fishermen.” es () ca, Mnthip, Mentuhotep, PI. xxix. ©) TPS, tims, Adkemt, PL xxxv. AAT I bs “Superintendent of 1000 (oad of cattle)” BRAG gumatp, Chuembotep. Pl. xxx. INTE vor butt. S00 above under my uti > Po mr bn," Sapeitandnt of he bakooute BLS genttp, Onontotep, Phas =o = ‘ur mw, “ Superintendent of canals.” (Unnamed) Pl. xxx. AT AL me, “captain of th ht” ©) GREG SLES gambia «Aye, Choomboteys son Nefor, Pl xxix. @) Sa) tan PlaxOfcers and) Members of| Household (cont) BENT MASAN. INT ES Pp mr ne, «Superintendent ofthe huntsmen.” “T we, cheti, PL aes. BPO wr cern? 0) Sm BS FF ‘tuo Nerntt, Av's son Netomocbt. Ph xxx. © "DAYS Be 20 By won, ©) $Y SS] wit ew, Net's con Keka, Pl xxx Chetis con Bakt. Pl. xxx; ©) [TSG Siren, Neterbotep, Pl xxx ©) SYS JS I ww esp, Ketes son Nefera. PL xxx, Ai Mr br nv, “ Superintendent of house of five.” ha PY tei, Av PL ae SAT LIVES me pe n dt, « Superintendent of house of auditing.” 0) FES SEY | ware wo, Necks son Neobia, Pl. xxee ©) BEES Se TT TSG Gamat o Nrwhty,Choemhotey’s won Notoruhotop, Ph xxx © BFP Ss Od rand w By, Pedandis on Chai, Pacers SPORTS rae ait, «Steward of he nome.” TTTZG Mrwtte, Nteraboto, PI, xxix. ATP LLT QQ ow ov npr (t dt “Stowad ofthe hou of eternity? ha DS tet, Aut, PL xxx, STAY neve ob, "Superintendent ofthe Bouse ofthe elds” (1% Meents, Netereoht, Pl. xxix. IAT SAG nar rhs,“ Soperintendent ofthe washermen.” (Unnamed) Pl xxi. SAD ne ons, « Superintendent ofthe treasures” Se 20) By, Bact. Pex,BENI HASAN. RT BA wets YP Swing, Senancb. Pl. xxx. tendent of the treasurers.” = F . CT om ry Sopitndent te gg: GSE antes, Neternoct PL xcs, FT O\ rob “sopmintendet ofthe centers?” 11S Mtns, Netermecht, PL xxix, SE yey Saget : STG wes Sopsintendent ofthe dort nd () FE be Neste. Pl. xxxe. @) SES TEE Noe es wens, Nect’s oon Neterecht, Pi. xxx ST LTE mr to Soperintendet ofthe guogora” (Uanamed.) Pl sx, BATS art [OP x Sn, Senbef, PL xxx, TP fe, * Steersman.” OPN F gomusng, Chaemaseanch. Pl. xxix. ‘BS HR at m rt Vso agile” (0) GAG Bamdtp, Chnembotep. Pl xxx. “ Superintendent of the weavers ().” 2) BZ) Bigs Bak. Plax. 8 TB Ped, [Mat] spreade 4S Werten, Usertsen, Pl xxix. ZZ rb uty, “Confidential friend of his master” Cf. the corresponding feminine rh nbs title of Jat, p. 43. FE wie Newt Ph asi EVY edu, Sabo, Servant (). Ck the corresponding feminine wht, tile of Jat, p. 43 () $F ie Neoht PI. sxer, REY S, THOMAS LIBRARY @QRVATIVE BAPTIST SEMINARYOfficers and Members of| ‘Household (cont) ‘ThePriests, BENI HASAN, a (2) JES Nebs, Netemecht. Pl. xxsv. (2) HS°G Towtep, Chnembotep, Pl. xxix, (©) (EA Aiprf, Hotoperfa. PI axis. AQ 9p ore,“ Hlerdeman.” ) GLLG Fombip, Choembotep. Pl exe 2) SOQ) Poy, Pepi. Pl xex. @) GSE gamonds, Chaemmecht. Pl. xa. {GFR owen “Day et? GEST gumends, Chomanecht, Pl xxx. 49), 9 Gy vow wt, “Gaaelioherd.” (Wanamed) PL xxx. 9) sma), “ Attendant” = TTD cnt, Ankeka, Pl xxx, THE PRIESTS. {19., om, © Semper” BND] srmmnsru, Hormaachon, Pl axa Afb but, Hervant” (Canamed) PL xxa | eto npr,“ Divine Sabu.” (Unnamed) Pl. xaxv. (J wt, «veep? OY By Chet. PL xxix, FON J or a0, « Lectors” ) Sl) Nos, Nechte, PL xxev, ©) SSD) sewmctr, Horsmaachera, PL xxv.Dromos. Fagade, Main chamber, 2 BENT HASAN. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE TOMB. ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES. (See Frontispiece and Plates 1, XML, XXHL) ‘The tomb was approached in ancient times by a road or dromos (still distinguistable by the dase ‘brown boulders ranged on either side), which extended down the slope of the hill from an open outer cout to the edge of the caltivated land. ‘The fugade of the tomb is eut into the side of the hill, and presents ‘an imposing architectural front. It consisis of a portico in antis;” ie. it has two columns and antae, ‘The shafts of the column are polygonal, and stand on large circular bases slightly raised above the floor- level, and with rounded sides, ‘The shafts taper slightly, are fluted the whole of their length, and are ench surmounted by a plain square abacus, which projects beyond the upper periphery, but is of the same width as the lower diameter of the shaft. ‘The architrave, which rests upon the abacus, is of the same width and without any architectural divisions. Its apparent supports on either wall aro slightly projecting pilasters corresponding to the antae in a Greok temple: they-are plain-and of the sume width as the architrave, Above the architrave and upheld by a narrow extension of the same pilasters there is a ledge of rock, somewhat resembling a comice, the soffit of which is soulptared with fal rafter-ends,Inid flat but rounded Delow, and corresponding to the mutules of the Dorie order (see Front elevation, Pl. xxii). ‘The upper part of the eomice is too much decayed to show the original form. ‘The ceiling of the portico is of a curved section taking the form of a segmental barrel vault, which is plaoed at right angles to the axis of the tomb (see Longitudinal sectiou, PL. xxi.); the arch therefore springs from the architrave of the ealumn ‘on one side and from the wall which separates the portoo from the principal chamber on the other. ‘The portico is separated from the Main chamber by a wall 8 feet 4 inches thick, and in this a doorway is formed, the threshold of which is raised 64 inches. The dooreposts and lintel (technically the “ architrave of the door”) project from the wall 1 inch, and are quite fat: on this surface ia incised the ins. given in Pl, xxiv. Upon the jambs (ie. in the thickness of the wall) are incised the two inscriptions ‘Sgared in Pl. xxiv.: the soft is plain. Tn plan the Main chamber is nearly aymmetrical it is lighted only from the doorway, and originally could be shut olf from the portico by a door (no traces of which, ‘except the pivat-hole for swinging it in, now remain) opening inwards, ‘The roof was supported by four colamns in two rows, which ran parallel to the axis of the tomb, and which divided the chamber into three aisles of nearly equal width. Of these columns, only a fragment (found at the bottom of the mummy-Shrine. Munny- pita, ‘Exterior Tnsoription BENT HASAN. 3 pit A) now remains, ‘This fragment belonged to the lower part of one of the columns, and shows that ‘they were polygonal (16-sided) and slightly fluted. ‘They supported the plain architraves, from whi spring three barrel vaults of a segmental section, ‘The bases of the columns (traces of which still remain) ‘were probably, like those of the portico, raised a fow.inches above the level of the floor, and with rounded ides. ‘The shafts also appear to have tapered slightly, and to have been surmounted by a plain square abacus, which was of the same width as the diameter of the summit of the column. ‘The floor of the chamber, which is well finished, is sunk 4¢ inches below the open outer court, and is deseended into by three steps, 54, 24, 1} inches high respectively. At the eastern end of the main chamber is the Shrine or Sanctuary, excavated deep in the rook. Tt is a small rectangular chamber, and is approached by a step (42 inches high, with edges chamfered) which projects out into the main chamber, and by a doorway in which were originally hung double doors opening inwards (see pivot-holes in plan, Pl. xxiii, A). ‘Th Aoorway is framed by doorposts and lintel, which project 1 inch from the wall but are quite fat: on this flat surface are incised the hieroglyphs given in PI. xxxiii, ‘The jambs and the soft are plain. At the astern end of the sanctuary was originally a-figure of Chnemhotep seated on a throne, but the entire statue has now been eat away and only a portion of the throne remains. ‘The floor is well finished, and is of the samo level as that of the main chamber, Crossing the south aisle of the main chamber are the openings of two Mummy-pits ; one near the westem end (see plan, Pl. xxii, B), the other in the middle (Le. A), Por details of the mummy-pit B see Pl. xxii, Figs, 1, 2, and 8. INSCRIPTIONS, Exrenton Ixscnterion (see Key plan, A, 8, C, and Pl, xiv.)—On the door-posts and lintel of the entrance to the main chamber is an incised hieroglyphic inscription of fourteen lines, giving a list of the festal days on which serviees of fanereal offerings called percheru are to be performed, accompanied by a prayer to the visitor to give offerings, and the name and titles of Chnemhotep. ‘The flat surface of the oor-posts and Tintel was originally painted pink and splashed with black, dark red, and green, so as to imitate rose granite, the incised hieroglyphs being pickod ont in groon. The text of this inscription has been published by Champollion (Monuments, Notices, tome ii, fol, 386) and by Lepsius (Denkmiler, Abth. ii, BI. 123). On the lintel aré nine lines (one vertical, the rest horizontal), giving a list of the festal days on which ‘services of funereal offerings called percheru ate to be performed, together with the name and titles of Chmembotep.! ‘The festal days noted are the following :— of dp mt vow yon” Se Dies Theth” (hot month Ta > fi, (19th of tl th Thoth). SST prt mw (G0 of the month. Sw ODT piven mu cat oft moth, * ‘hee titles are repeated on the door-poats, aca naxt page,Exterior Inscription cont.) 4 BENI HASAN, DEE the grt tat” SRS vt sr, “of the great and little heat.” (My Bel xn, “the twelve monthly feasts.” iy ett the twelve halfemonthly fasts.” tg 12855 satan, the ent ad fate” (7b oe month. 4 int (29th of the month). 2 bs, “the festival of transport” ERS | Sapte, th etival of tho reciving ofthe vive (nundaton.” Hal prt epat, «the festival of the coming forth of the star Sothis.” SSG ort om cat of eho month SS be bre (th of the month). 20" ‘viet xn, “the 12 feasts on tho Gth day of the month.” ot ex oy i Pe Llr—— , (BL EB, at the strowing of the sand CUE, 1 wap do, «the good feast ofthe mountaa.” $) ww, fest of Vag” (18th of Tht. s Dhutt (P) probably to bo read with the preceding Uag. bs cS twh't 9¢ drt, the feasts of the greater and lesser eatehing.”” { /\ in line 80 (compare also $.B.A. Proceedings, xii. p. 263), as well as illformed hieroglyphs. Tt is especially faulty and difficult to understand from line 199 to line 220. Azcuaesr, Talines 1-15 the name of the maker of the tomb is given and the purpose which it was intended to fulfil. 1 Tho inscription is intorrapted by the “false door.”The Great Inscription ‘eont,) of the Tomb. His Inten- tion, BENI HASAN, a The Biocnarny of Chuembotep [IL] follows, Lines 13-24 explain how, in the 19th year of Amenembat IL’ reiga, he obtained the princedom of Menat-Chufu, by descent from ‘grandiather [Chnembotep I.] This Tends on to an account of the installation of [Chuemhotep I] by Amenemhat I, in the princedom of Menat-Chufu,in-the sub-nome of Dut-Herw (lines 24-49), sud Inter in the Oryx nome (lines 46-53). ‘The inscription goes on to relate that [Chnemhotep T.] was succeeded by his eldest son Necht, the uncle of Chnembotep [II]. Wo are then told of Chnombotep's [11] parentage and birth, ‘This introduces us to an account of his installation into his inheritance (lines 71-79), his acts as prince (lines 79-99), the honours accorded to him by the King (Iines 99-120), the royal favours shown also to his eldest sons Necht [TL] (lines 121-150), and Chnembotep [111.] (lines 150-160), His filial piety is then noted (lines 161-160), and the text roverta to the subject of the tomb, and shows that Chnemhotep [IL] had, in that, followed the example of his father Nehera (Kies 170-184), whose career is summarised (lines 184-192). A section follows (lines 192-221) relating to the monuments of Chnombotep (11.] ‘The ineeription terminates with tho name of the contractor for the tomb, A ‘Tae waxen ov rHx Tox AND THE OB/EOT WuIcH ME INTENDED IT To FULL (Lines 1-18). Lay i rh sta smrrw nef nr | "The erpa, the ha-prince, the royal acquaintance, whom his god loved,’ administrator 2,3, at iat Nhri st Enmitp mi bre | frm site of the Hastern desert, Nehors’s son Chnembotep, justified, born of the daughter of a hha-prine 4. bt pr Bt, mi{e) bow | inonf m mnwef the lady of the house, Bakt, justified. ‘He made (this tomb) as his monument, 5. apefdp msemnb | ntef scrundef rncf 0 nB | its (or his) prime quality (or purpose) _that it (or he) might establish his name to eternity being in adorning his city," 6% exmnbef aw n dt meef | n bronte [and] make it endure for ever, as (or in) his chamber of the necropolis (cher-naler or god-land), ecrwif ru n nb | f sem bt teen | [also] that it (or he) might establish ihe name of being arranged according to their rank, 9-11. snbuo fimwo-bne | tng bn mete |f ‘the established ones, his housohold [-ofcers] whom he promoted from among his serfs, 13,13. bt nb bept [nf amot nt mi bore | ¢ ‘every office that he undertook, all eraftsmen according to their several oecupations#* * Le. whom the King loved. * Or, “as his fist action tor his provingo had been confirmed to him (9)." * Titerally, “as they happened.”Ancestry of Chuem. | hotep 83 BENI HASAN. B. BIOGRAPHY OF CHNEMHOTEP [IL}. I. Exewainiva How Caxsanorer IT, ooraivep tax PawNcepox x pescet rxox wis Matunsat, Ganovatamn? (Lines 13-24), fw rin wt | Inn Hew Hew met lis mouth, it says, it was that placed me, the majesty of (the King) Horus, praised (?) in ‘rath, Mw 15, mb se (A) nb) Hos m | mat Hew () nb mi bro possessor of the two realms, praised @) in truth, (victorious) hawk of gold, justified, 16. tn bite Cnb-kee RY ee] CLaem-bt King of Upper and Lower Egypt, “Gold of the has of Ra,” son of Ra, Amenembat 1, 17 dln att wie mad ROE rl rps iver of lif, stability [and] power, Tike Ra etornally, to [the position of] an expa, ee ‘me ot itt | wll (P) How Baht ha-prinee, administrator of the Eastern desert, adebepriest of Horus and Pacht, [and] 19,20, rit [ay mek sm | Must (Lupo) semen | to the inheritance of the father of my mother in the town of Menat-Chuft, He established 21,22. al wd 18 eninge | nf ti ani pt for me the southern landmark [and] fixed the northern one, [firm] like heaven,* 28,24, pie | afters brite |f [and] he divided the great river (valley ?9) down its middle, I, Iisrantarion oF mis Maneavat, Gnaxpearion* (Lines 2453), (q) In the nome of the “Rock of Horus” (Lines 24-46), 25,26, ani iryt nef | mt maple |r prime Like as was done to the father of my mother, by the onder which issued from the mouth a. akon] Hrw whoa out sab at (2) nb 7 (2) of the majesty of (the King) Horus, repeating births, possessor of the two realms (?), 28. whm met | Hrw nb ms (sie) stu bie repeating births, hawk of gold, birth (#io), King of Upper and Lower Egypt, 29, Cohip-0A eke (Trnem-heO aonb att “ Pacifying the heart of Ra,” son of Ra, Amenemhat I, giver of life, stability, + tn the year 10 of Amenemhat IL, cee below, lino 78. + Te fim like heaven upon its font supports—a constant simile, * See note on line 51. 4 ‘This peraon, who is not named, must be identical with Chuembotep T, of Tomb No. Mk.Ancestry ‘of Chnem, hotep (cont) BENI HASAN. 60 80, we mi Regt [rey rept power, Tike Ra eternally, [in that] he placed him to [the position of] the erpa, ao sme at | tt m Mast (Tufw | dhaeprince, administrator of the Bastemn desert inthe town of Menat-Chuta 82, 83, esmnenf wd 78 em | bt nipt establishing for him the southern landmark [and] making firm the northern one like heaven, 34, phenf itr s | Ir iit gop {and diving for him the great iver valley) down its mil [apportioning] its extern 35, 90. Dit) How? ‘ramnm st Wt | mit hf to the nome of the “ Rock of Horus,” reaching to the Kasten desert, Whereas his majesty 87, 88, arfigft | bw m Tm | dof it abolish wrong, gloriously appearing even as the god Tum inneel; 89, 40. smb gmt- | nf wat mot | m ants that he might set vight that which he found rainod [and] that which one eity ha taken from its sister (city) ; 41-48, Gf ry root | tis nat scmnb | edie | that he might cause one city to know its boundary establishing their landmarks with another city : 4 rh muccen | att m sn @) lp reckoning their waters according to that which was in the writings, apportioning 45, 40, | ntt m inwt tin | mrp mitt according to that which was in antiquity, of the greatness of his love of right. (W In the Oryx nome (Lines 46-58). 47. Men sdinfw| rp i Imes @) He ntose and placed him to [the position of] an erp, ha-prines, favoured by the (yal) hand @), 48, 49 Ir dp n Mid [e-mn-nf wd | rem bef great chiof of the Oryx nome, He set up the landmarks; the southern one as hie boundary 50,51. | Wat mhtif rbpw pis. | nf to the Hare nome, his northern one [as his boundary] to the Jackal nome; he divided 52, 53, wee feb | mos, MS barf | “ys ‘the great river (-valley) down its middle, its water, its field, its wool, its sand, ‘omni at both as far as the Western desert, "Tn th orginal text: +, bt this is unmistaably an error on the part af tho seribe. Compare p 53 + Bee note online G1, * Some woold vend horizon of ora”? Zire, ut the sign on te original is A “Op “apportioning to ian the Nilo a6 hi back, hie mater: hs eld, ey” and slalarly inthe eoreepooting yersges, lines 99,88, 4; but the meaning“ Nileralay” for) 22, JK it only it i perminibl gree much te beet sere, iAncestry ‘of Chem. hotep, (cont.) Parents of Chnem. hotep. 6 BENI HASAN, TIT. [Cuenorke 1] 1s svccesme o¥ aus sox Nucur ny Maxar-Cure (Lines 51-62). 54,55, adbenf anf f Net] mtbrw nb tas, He! appointed his con, his eldest, Neoht, justified, possessing the reward of worth, 56, 57. rate lf sm Mntt (Tefo | mht ot to the prineedom (namely) his inheritance in the town of Menai-Chafu by the great favour 58, 59 nt bratn, sm wt prt | (m) 7 nian ‘of the King, by the command whieh issued from the mouth of the majesty of (the King) 60. Hw snd mowt | bat @ nb @) ‘nb mewt Hew () nb Horus, life of births, possessor of the two realms, life of births, (victorious) hawk of gold, BL, sn matty stn Uti | (Cpr RY aR (Warton life of births, King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Choper ka-Ra, son of Ra, Usertsen I, 62, dnd | iat swe mi Red iver of life, stability [and] power, Tike Ra eternally. TV. Panewrs ov Cuseastorue (Lines 62-71). 63, 64. shed dp | n mowieh tod? | mtr ritytél | was a noblo directly from my birth, proceeded my mother to [the an erpacprincess, Position of] 65,60. ut sm tt Akt | n Mhd Ht Jhaxprincess, as the daughter of the hatprince of the Oryx nome to the palace (?) of OT, (ebtpieRY | dboad aia wie ni Rede at | Amenembat I, giver of life, stability [and] power, as Ra eternally; to be wife 68,69. on npt A ‘Be ot | met ® mit n aint of the erpa-prinee, ha-prince, hal-pince of the New towns, mat of the King of Upper Baypt, 70, 11. fit | m Be rehefn mr nt | Nori mi brw amt of the King of Lower Egypt for @) his ofice of town governor, Nehera, justified, nb tend, possessing the reward of worth. + Le, Chnembotep I. (or the King, bat hardly the same King Ameuemhat 1) + Ai known enly from this pannge, but evidently eosly connected with that of SK QP _Y <« Gorornor of the Now towns,” which ie found at Tehaeh (14 nile north) and at Sheikh Said (16 mies southy. Neka-anch at ‘ebneh wan the eacliet of theee governors that we know of nd of 'Vth Dynasty); Unarsa at Sheth Said comes xen (Vth Dynaaty #); and lel, Imhotep at Sheth Said (VIgh Dynan). Nera was probly a ruconwor of thee, {nd others shy be found in the coves ofthe ravey. 2 thin ttl ie assumed alo ty Choethotop I, Pai). The mening ie very cbcar, bat at 2 & sean ani" ehich ws fade sat extent of Ups Raya and hither nly know tho name of an important Toclity in Lower Egypt on the northenstem frontier iaooered by Mr. Poti at habit may bo thet the phrase implies two exteaiiy, and Oavt were. Similar phrnes ae Hot uncommon yen ofthe King of Upper Bgyp ears of the King of Lower Egypt, ax. Ie ie burly neceary to warn the reader ‘ht thay do not iply the exisenc of to Kings, ut efor oly fone king im Kin dono capacity.History of| hotep. BENI HASAN. 6 V. Histony ov Cunewnoree [IT]. (1) His Twetaxtarion sro ram Initerimaxce (Lines 71-79). 72, in wh | stn bith (Moki RY dak Raised (?) me the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Gold of the has of Ita” giver of life, 7. dd wis | mi Bede make rie] stability, [ond] power, Tike Ra eternally, as the son of a ha-prince, to inherit 74, 75. Bike if mea 2 8t | mmf mist the prineodom of the futher of my mother of the greatness of his love of sight; [verily] 76,71. Dm | po dof (No-bw- RY aienb | didi hho was the god Tum himself, [is] Amenemhat TI., giver of life, stability, and) 18. wie fe if mi Rede dinfwi| or power, may his heart be widened as that of Ra eternally. Placed he me to [the positon of] 1. i sm rnpt 1x me | Must (ufo aha-prince in the your 19 in the town of Menat-Chafa, (2) His Acts (Lines 79.99), 80-82, shen samme | fi] ‘8 bpr | m Be mbt serwd | nt om wth T arose and made it rich [and] its stores of all things grew, T cansed to flourish the name ‘of my father, 83,84 somnfend Ale | ew iw ds.nk tot. [4 rhtntr sri nan | Testablished the chapels of his has, Teonducted my statues to the temple, I ofared them 85,86. piten ome ah ip ete | wit their offerings, bread, beer, water libations, wine, incense, [and] pure flesh 87-80. apn] In semen | a m (KE mrt | swdaak | pr bw T appointed a a-servant, Tendowed him with lands and serfs. I decreed the pereherw offerings 90. sm Bb nb | n beontr am dp rapt at every feast of the cher-neter (necropolis), at the feast of the beginning of the year, a1. wp rapt apt st | enpt él () the feast of the opening of the year, the feast of the long year, the feast of the short yea, 92, rk mpt | Abr mokh | the feast of the last day of the year, [and] the great feast, at the feast of the great heat, * Prof. Brogach supposes there years to be the solar year of 385} days and the lunar year of 964 days respectively in agreement with Prof, Krall we believe the solar and lunar years as modified for prastoal measnrement of time to be more probable. See 8.B.A. Proc. xiv, p. 200, ‘The year of $80 days rooms to be the most anciont and i i possible ‘hat the reckoning with 8 extra days or “long year” had only recently been adopted, ‘The questions involved are ‘many, and answers to them are not yet to be found with certainty.History of| Chnem. hotep (cont) a 95, 94. 95, 96. 97, 98, 99. 100-102, 108-4. 105-8. 109. 10-12, 13-14, 6-17. 118-20, 121-23, BENI HASAN. mark br mv fra | rape midi Bw | at the feast of the little heat, at the feast of the five days at the feast ofthe throwing (7) added to the year, of the sand, mid xt soced XIE Bb | nb n dp at the twelve monthly feasts, at the twelve half-monthly at every feast of the living [and] feasts, fr dp dw ir grt | Jn Be fmf nbd | dnnt{]-on at of the blessed dead. Moreover, as toa ka-servant or any petson who disarranges them, fn unenf fn | wen aif Bo walsh ray he cease to exist, may his son eease to exist upon his seat (8) Rovat. Hoxovns (Lines 99-120). wer | Fatt on stp-st sans w'ti | ub taupe | bul) sbanf Great was my praise in the palace more than any courtier, He (the King) promoted me from ‘amongst his nobles [opr 7) | fr Bt wnve | br Week Hn | until T attained a place in front of those who had been in front of me. [When] were collected?) Bnbb nt | dit hott 2)* fo | din Yyte | hewt the sta of the palace for awanding praise, equal (F) was my approval (f) to the praises byt | moh Apter at stn def | tat took place in the (royal) presence [or] the utterance of the King himself dn bp mitt n bk | ptm | xd an Never before was [confided] to servants this [privilege] of their masters, [namely, that of] dat | et? oh of tot me | shu fn | rewarding [the staf officer]. [But] he knew the place of my tongue, the offspring that [my vind) gave birth to. aoa om ity | w Jy tn Dat | be dutch [Thus] T was a trusty sorvant of before the King: my praise was before js nobles [and] dome [5 m beh | ame h rot aI Niriat ry favour inthe sight of his courtiers, the erpa-princs, _—ha-prince, _-Nehera’s son Homily nb imi Chnembotep, possessing the reward of worth, (A) Rova Favour suows atso 10 111s Sox (a) ‘To his eldest son Necht II. (Lines 121-150). HE how iryt-ni | dite ob wor Nit ein Dy or Another favour done to me: was placed my eldest son Necht, born of Cheti to * Completing andar year of 365 days, ortho feasts compare the Bxterior Tnscription (p. 15 abore) * 11s parhape a mirtake for 111 "The meaning of this pastage is very doubttal, ‘Te: the character of my speech and of my devices,istry of Cine. atop (cont) BPNI HASAN. 6 124.25. BE Inyo © | wt i mt | the position of] hak-prince of the Jackal nome (acconding f) to the inheritance of the father ae -_— De tha mathe e-lpr mmr wit | thor At nb | kat being made into a confidential friend of the King, being placed at the forefiout of the southern land ; 126.99, dleoonf taw | saw in fun | Hew em 0 wore given to hi al thse @) by the majesty of (he King) Horus, gue of the to Ind 180, wb dt) nb (2) abt mit | Hw wh possessor of the two realms, who makes truth to shine forth, _(sictorions) hawk of got, fm @) now stn Uti (Bhp aks favourite (Q of the gods, King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Cha-cheper-ta, som of Ray 181-82, (Wert a nb dat we mi Regt Ire | f muw.f Usertson IL, giver of life, stability, [and] power, like Ia eternally. He made his rmonament 198-34, mm “inp @) sm sand | gintenf wb Ht | w mt me ane in the Jackal nome in establishing that which he [and] that which one city had taken found rained, form its sister [ity] 135. rd rtf | tis a lt «| causing him (Necht) to know his boundary according to the reckoning (2) apportioning 136.38, fr ntt mist | audio v Ba) | f km [to him] according to that which [vas] in antiquity, plasing a landmark at his southeen Thoundary 189-40, e-mub ti | mi pt semn Be abt | nd bro [and] fixing the northern one like heaven, set up upon the meadows of the low-lying ground, 141-43, dnd | 7 wd xv seman he [sith bit | total to boundary stone{s] 15 set up upon his fields, the northern one being his boundary M44, + Wb pie nf [itr Ir itef | 40 the nome of Oxyrhynchus, dividing for him the great river [-valley] down its middle, 145-46, gorf imvn[ ti 8] w Inpw @ remo mst | imutt its western half [being given} to the Jackal nome, reaching as far as the western hills 1, bytepr | ry i Humbtp st Nbt| scoording to the petition of the erpa-prines, the Zu-prince, Chnembotep’s son Nocht, 148, me nw sub ii rai. rh mood | justified, possessing the reward of worth, saying, not knows my nature I have not experienced) 149-50. Iovwt wrt nt | br at the great favour of hefore the King,istry of Cian. (cont) o 151-52. 158-54, 155-56, 157-58, 199-60. 101-63. 16465, 166-08, 169. 170.78, 174-75, 16-71. BENI HASAN, (@) To his eeeond son, Chnembotep. (Lines 150-160.) Iy wor (2) | mnd [42] sm smr wit | im My second eldest by my request (*) [was] as confidential friend of the King great of favour me amew | ‘i inw | pr stn ame ws | among the courtiers, abundant in the products of the King's house, an unique friend in wn br epwsf sdmvo nf | edo reel not was there one upon his exploits,’ listened to him the listeners (judges), the unique mouth him re inn shoot= | nendee® [whose speechJextinguisheth [the speech of other] mouths, [a mouth] which brought advantage, reat] Nhvk at Yomhtp of Hom-htp ir ‘the Superintendent of the frontier, _Nehera’s son Chnemhotep’s son Chnembotep, bora (Git. "oF the gute of foreign landa*)—” —(:ey Chnembotep, son of Chnsabotep, eon of Nera) in nb pr Uty | of the lady of the house, Cheti. (6) His Fata Prery (Lines 161-169). setnbeni rm m itfios | goend wd | Ie abo I made to live the name of my fathers which I found obliterated upon the doorways, rpm | Gt ant m itt In| ait ky mo By | learnt inthe igs (), exact in rang, without placiog one [sign ] in th place of ‘ani Iago po | mn send yw n | dpws Miri e| Behold a good son, making to flourish the names of the ancestors, [is] Nehera’s son Bombtp mit brw ub im Chnemhotep, justified, possessing the reward of worth. (6) Hx consravers rus Toun nerrarixe mz Exaurtx ov ms Farman (Lines 170-184). whi dpm aomni- | nk hot an [arbre |f My first honour was in establishing for myself for (as the saying: goes) a man should imitate ‘a tomb-chapel, ‘the acts of his father. Irenenf fd hele | mn Mrnfot minr | fr n m0 [Now] my father ade for hiss h-bouse inthe cy of Memeo n god one of Ann ‘imestone) reord | reef nth | somnbef aww dt that ho might root his name to eternity [and] that he might make it firm for ever "Te +04 thing advantageous to ite porsersor” seems to be Hr was unrivalled,“ there was not one eapable ofDENI HASAN. 6 aide | m rn Sue | History of | 178-70. raf nb | me np Gina thn hs name might i] ving inthe mouth ofthe Pat) eats in he mouth of he ina ‘ead 8082, lag Br ar mprsf| nbn) #88 ing nat over, his goat of tho everlasting, upon his chamber of the in his house established for her-neter (neropalis) 189.38, Ut hat nb be an anmote m | slp 3 sccordng to the favour of btore the King [and] his love in the palace (2) His Farwer’'s Disrixorion (Lines 181-192). 185-86, M-nf wwf mm adt | m fbt-f m dom | nonf wpt stn He ruled his city when a babe at the time of its he performed the royal mission m rh atu | 187-88, dio Hi | an m1] baw | breast! whereas the King knew with waving plames of office? as a child 189-90, et nsf I Soke |b at Nh mit how the place of his tongue, the littleness of ition, Sebekanch’s son Nehera, justified, 191-92, abi | Inonf bat sibw-f | PM nef possessing the reward whom he [the King] raised fromamongst his ncbles to rule his* city, ‘of worth, (8) Moxowenrs, &c,, ov Cuxeuuorer IL, (Lines 192-221), 193. prt B¢ Humbtp | inn mne [So] when there came (2) the ha-prinee Chnemhotop,? ‘thon was made a monument 194-96. bu ntl Ad. | ni whe gmeni | mss Re | nw within my city; built a columnar chamber which I found as a field 2) T set it up iy oity. 197-09. m woh m mit? | 0 @) m rnd dee? | tpn vn mp fom T maid to live the name of my fathor fon columns new (2) written upon with my own name, ‘upon it, 200, [abifend bth Jr | mnw[-t] nb «amb vit T sculptured my deeds upon every monument of mine, I made a door of 7 cubits, 201-2. m | EP) m ngt abs | dp nie ‘wir ccs" for the first door of the tomb-chamber [and] folding doors, the opening 2 This word is interpreted by Mx. Renou? as “the past generation * Literally, “his two plumes they danced.” « Of-line Lt. * Usertson I. was probably the King referred to in thi «Im this context his city” woald soom to be “the city of the King.” + This is, of course, the autobiographer, who immediately resumes the narrative inthe Brst person, * Le. anew," or perhaps m mit of granite.” * Literally, with my name myself,” according to the regular Egyptian idiom, ” = (oF + (#) #is perhaps * acacia-wood,” » nga being well-eazoned”(), » Titerally, “of his (maternal) breast” weotion, Of: the titles in Tine 7,6 BENI HASAN. Hisory of | 20-4, wmv dp | har w 4 dpot | tt bute po aoe of cubits 2 pals! for the shrine of the noble chamber which is within dis tomb, Gant) . 205-6. dbAt | Mp pr br Jer mts | nb trond [ptt é | prayer for offerings” upon every monument that I made, “I excavated a garden tank (") ‘and percherw 2078, ABE Bal nfo 0) be (| oe o®)-ccssee — giving freshness (f) — (Howers, ete. (7), for the service (2) of) 200-10, ser moor | bu nett rife | rd.) met-tn ‘great in monumental works for within this city compared to the fathers, A child of this city an1.12, smn moo | at-8 dpe \ an more excellent of monuments of its mountain than the ancestors (andthe buildings 2) 218-15, tw br Bd | ack 6% mm | shiond but nbt | wnt () ft) rade before my time, Tam distinguished in monuments, I taught every art that had been ‘neglected (*) 216-17, Gnnwtin nm mre(f] | nnd nck Ir | mano nb (2) (P-nb within this city in order that my name might be noble upon every monument that I made (?). 218-20, gry Art | fin mates (2) im Othe imwk| MO yt T provided a canal (?) not did it fail () in it entered (P) thy boat white, © father, 21, net a Novi ar Unmitp| ——, dem Bikt—met(]brw ‘the erpa-prince, the ha-prinee, _Nehera’s son Chnemhotep, born of Bakt, justified, sub imad | possessing the reward of worth. ee ‘Tw Anommecr, ‘Architeot. 222, inp ie sr ot ue Unidertook the tomb, the superintendent of treasurers, Balt Inveription| Tstontrmoxs ovin axp nous Exrsaxon ro Suarsn (se Key plan, p. 2, and Pl xxxi ofer sad insorptons give the nme and tts of Chnombtep ingetos with a short prayer to. the visto to give around En-| ‘9 fancreal offerings called perchorw on certain stated festivals. They consist of thirteen lines, five Shrine, | vertical and eight horizontal, he hieroglyphs are incised and painted green on a red granite ground. ‘The inscriptions have been pt. ed by Lepsius (Donkmalor, Abth. ii, BL 180). ein height. or kat, * Ta. Groutor wore my monaments then those in the ety and than those constructed by my fathors, retape 5 e “YZ neat 2 Bo.Inseriptions| over and. BENT HASAN, . On the lintel of the doorway are eight horizontal and one vertical lines, giving the usual titles of ae Chnemhotep with the addin of S28 of 8 YZ ES mt w te tn Wer okf a mr nt, “Afat of the King of Upper Hgypt and amt of the King of Lower Baypt for (2) his ofce of town governor” (ef, Pl. xxv., Lines 69, 70). The festivals on which porchoru offerings are requested to bo given are : %4O ote « wo days of the festival of DORKS ES 0s str tre on m Baty the to days of the fatal of ‘Socaris in Resta.” OLA wo w brat every tstival of Chorstr >” of dp rnp the new year ‘and of rnpé ¢¢ rt, “the long and the short year.” On the left-hand door-post are two vertical lines -— 1. Gives the Di itp sin ‘Isir formula (a prayer to Osiris), 2 Usual titles of Chnemhotep and Ar dp m in ntré it (?) yr Bib, “ Chief in bringing the ‘goddess who is in (F) the House of Pacht.” On the right-hand door-post are tivo vertical lines — 1. Gives the Di Aép sfn “Inp formula (a prayer to Anubis). 2% Usual titles with hr dp it he mtr Pibt, Chief of the ofiors in the temple of Pacht,” and fore 60 m outer He who eniges Dienst i ....(Jresnd™ PAINTINGS. Maw Cuasons, (Plates XXVIE-XAXV. + Key Plan, p. 62, FL.) ‘The eviling is divided into three compartments, and its decoration consists of small red and yellow squares containing quatrefoils, which are black in the red squares and blue in the yellow. ‘The frieze consists of the usual chaker (} painted red, blue, and green. Beneath this ormament and at the sides of the walls is a border of coloured rectangles (yellow, red, blue, and green) separated by black Tings enclosing a white line, which forms a framing to the scenes. Beyond this atthe sides ofthe walls is 1 peeuliar roped (2) patter (vide plates), and heyond this, not shown in the plates, isa very narrow line of blue. Immediately beneath the paintings are two bands of colour (2H inches broad, and red and yellow respectively), which are earried around the doorway and round the tomb, * Beneath these bands of colour is the Great Iaseription (Pla, xv-xxwi.), divided at 1 180 by the falye door” on ‘the South Wall, 08 above, p. 56.Styleof | lating. | Seenes. BENI HASAN. ‘Tho style of painting is uniform throughout tho tomb. ‘The human figure is boldly drawn and well proportioned (see for example Pl, xxvii), and the wild and domesticated birds, the fish, and the animals are depicted with such skill that there is no difficulty in identifying the species represented. For specimens of the painting seo Plates xxvii. and xxvii, ‘Wusr Waut. (See Key plan F, G, and Pl. xxix.) Fauze Faigze BS D EB Frieze A H c BoC T ck vit u A v Ww x yes Exrnsvce Y R s z Over the entence-doorway is a soene [A-C] representing Chnemhotep attended by his household servants, and above itis @ painting showing a naos [F] containing a statue of Chnembotep being drawn in procession (D, H] to the tomb of the deveased, (a) South side, ‘Tho scones are arranged in five rows of unequal height, Row 1. Carpenters [6]. Fullers (H]. Row 2. Boat-builders [I-K]. Potters [L]. Row 8. Scone representing the children and harim of Chnemhotep journeying to Abydoe [Mf]. Above the scene is an inscription reading :—i hr int Gr shaw in AS Nhvi ot Gumitp, “Coming to perform the ceremonies at Abydos by the a-prinee Chnemhotep, son of Nebera.”” Row 4, Weavers [Q]- Bakers [N-P]. Tow 5, (Mutilated.] Seulptors [2-8]. (8) North side, ‘The scenes are arranged in six rows of unequal height. Row 1, Sceno representing the storing of grain in the granaties and scribes registering amounts [1]. Row 2. Harvesting and threshing [U]. Row 3, Ploughing [V, W]. Row 4, Scene representing the voyage of the mummy to Abydos [X]. Above the soene is an inscription reading:—bné r rb bré shdw in r-p® H mr at ttt Nhrl st HnumAtp, “sailing up the river to perform the coremonies at Abydos by the ha-prinee Chnemhotep, son of ‘Nehera.” Roiv 5. Orchard, vineyard, and garden scene [Y]. Row 6. Oxen fording a stream, and a fishing scene (Z].BENE HASAN. Sere Nownt Wasa. (See Rey plan H, and Pls xvi, xxvii, xxx and xxx) - Faieze - Q 5 r B w _. : © s F —E A 1 H L K J ° N M ‘The paintings are arranged in six rows of nearly equal height, and may he divided into two snes, Scans 1. [A-O] Shows officers and members of Chnemhotep’s honschold and a party of foreigners, bringing agricultural and other produce to present to their lord [A], who is accompanied by one of his sons [C], an attendant [D], and three dogs. Above Chnembotep is an inscription in four vertical ines, readinge:—mit ire m mnmnt nbt inw in nf m molf hsplef mt haw Mihd nlf (2) ta aps be [Uri at Unmblp mi nw, “ Watching the produce, all the cattle and the contributions brought to ‘him from his villages and his fields of of tho Oryx nome, namely his estate (2) by the ‘expa-prince, the ha-prince, Nehera’s son Chnemlotep, justified.” e inter Row 8, Shows a procession of foreigners [E] which is headed by the royal scribe Neferhotep, who is represented holding in his hand a papyrus roll (see PI. xxviii. 2), upon which is the following inscription:—Rnpt vt. br fn n Hw am thoi stn titi (Ubpr-ROY rhe Snow innate Uoombtp her madmt m sw n So rit ivé xxxvry, The year vi. under the majesty of Horus, the guide of the two lands, the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Usertson I., the number of Aamu brought by the son of the ha-prince, Chnemhotep, on account of the rmesdemt (eye-paint, stibiue or kohl), Aamu of Shu, number amounting to 37. Immedic ately following the royal seribo is Cheti, “the superintendent of the hontsmen,” and behind him the party of foreigners (seo PI, xxxi.) headed by the A4y st "Tish, hak-prince of the desert, Abesha” (soe Pl. xxvii). Above it a line of inscription, reading i br int amadmt in nf Sm xxxvis, “arrival bringing Kohl which 87 Aamu bring to him” Row 4 Shows a group of officers of Chnembotep’s household (G], behind whom are eervants leading cattle and driving domesticated birds [If], and men fowling with elap-nets [1 Row 5. Also shows officers of Chnembotep’s houschold [J], bulls fighting and servants fattening: cattle and yeose [K, L]. Row 6. Shows seribes registering accounts [A], mon driving eattle [N] and donkeys (0). Scexu 2. [P-W] Shows Chnemhotop [P] armed with bow and arrows and accompanied by his sons, attendants, and dogs, hunting wild animals in the desert. At the end of the second row [at W] is the “‘seribe of the table, Ronseb’s son Mentuhotep,” who holds in his hand a papyrus roll (see Pl, xxxviii, fg. 1), upon which is insevibed a list of the animale killed.Scenes (cont) 7 BENI HASAN, East Watt. (See Key plan I-K, Pl. xexii--xxxiv,) [ FRmeze Farge [_ Faeze | = oe F : « L 1 a J ~ 5 © G H (a) North side (PI. xxxii.). Immediately bencath the frieze is a painted inseription giving titles and name of Chnomhotep [E], Below is a scene occupying three-fifths of the wall [I], representing Chnembotep fowling. He stands in a canoe, is accompanied by his wife, son, his eahuéet, aud one attendant, and holds in his right hand a throw-stick, and in his left three birds, In the water beneath the boat are figured several ‘varieties of fish, a crocodile, and a hippopotamus, ‘The scone beneath [G] shows a party of men fishing with a net, under the dirvetion of the “ superintendent of the fishers,” Mentuhotep, Q) Contze (PL. xxsiii.). Immediately beneath the friozo is a painted inseription giving titles and name of Chnombotep [D]. Below is a scene representing Chnembotep [K] accompanied by his eldest son Necht and the ‘superintendent of the treasurers, Bakt (the decorator of the tomb, see p. 66). ‘The prince is seated behind a screen of reeds, and holis in his hands a cord which passes through it and is attached to 1 clap-net [L]. Beneath this is the entrance to the s For translations of these inscriptions see p. 68. ‘around which are three incised inscriptions [A, B, and C]. (©) South side (Pl, xxxiv.). Inmediately beneath the frieze is a paintel inscription deseribing Chnembotep as great in fsb, rich in wild fowl, loving the goddess of the chaso” (F]. Below is a scene oocupying three-fth of the wall [J], representing Chnomhotep fishing. He stands in a canoe, is accompanied by his eldest son and an attendant, and holds in his hands bident, with which hee is spearing fish. In the water beneath the boat are several varieties of fsb, a crocodile, and a hippopotamus, ‘The scene beneath [H1] shows a party of men in eanoes upon the water. ‘The inscription, in nine lines, reads appropriately “ canoeing in the papyrus beds, the pools of wild- fowl, the marshes and the streams, by Chuembotep, the chief eanoer in the papyrus beds and pools of wild-fow, eaptoring birds and fish (we Pl, xxxii.): hidden by the sereen lhe closes the great clap-net (ove Pl xxxii); speaving with the bident, he transixes thirty fish 5 how delightful is the day of hunting: ‘the hippopotamus!”Soones (cont) Coiting. Frieze, Dado, Sculptures and Paintings, BENI HASAN. a Sourm Wau. (See Key plan L, and Pl. xxxv.) ‘The scene, arranged in five rows of unequal height, shows priests performing eerviees [E and F], members of Chnembotep’s family [G, J-M], and officers and servants of the household (H, N, 0-Q], bringing offerings to lay before their lord [A], who is seated in front of an altar [C} upon which are amerous offerings. Above the figure of Chnemhotep are five vertical lines of hieroglyphs, giving several of his titles, and above the altar isa lst of the offerings presented (fifty-three in all). Tn the bottom row [R, 8] are officers and servants slaughtering oxen, ‘Suurea, (Plates XXXVE. and XXXVIL, and Key Plan, MS) ‘omamented with small red and yellow squares, containing quatrefoils, f+, which are black in the red squares and blue in the yellow (compare the pattern in Pl. vi, Tomb 2). ‘The frieze consists of the usual chaker () painted red, bue and green. Beneath this ormament and at the sides of the walls is border of ooloared rectangles (yellow, red, blue and green), separated by black Tines enclosing a white line, which forms a framing to the scenes, ‘The dado has been elaborately decorated (in colour only), but is now much faded and damaged. Over a narrow base, painted to imitate red granite, is painted panelling which consists of small ropro- sontations of folding door, in yellow with red framework and cross lines. ‘The spaces between the doors are divided into narrow vertical strips, Gilled in with very small green and yellow squares, and with ‘green lines on a red ground, narrow lines of green and yellow, &, &. Tmmediataly above the false doors ight horizontal divisions, filled in with various patterns, such as wavy lines, squares arranged diagonally, very small green and yellow and Mack and white squares, &e, Over the spaces between the false doors the patterns are somewhat simpler, consisting of coloured squares, ete. ‘The dado ia surmounted by two broad bands of yellow and re, ‘The colours used are red, blue, yellow, green, and black, and the ground appears to have been a warm light-coloured grey. Most of the patterns have been outlined in black Hast Wars. (Key plan, 0-Q) In the contre [P] there formerly existed a colossal figure of Chnembotep, seated on a throne and carved out of the solid rock, ‘The whole of the body, arms, and legs of the statue have been destroyed, but the throne is fairly preserved. Flanking this figure ia: (a) on theSculptures | and Paintings Additions Corrections n BENT HASAN, left-hand side [0] an incised and painted porteit (much mutilated) of Cheti, Chuemhotops wife, above tvhom were ceveal vertical lines of hieroglyphs, of which only the first signs ofthe frst line (2) can now be distinguished; (5) onthe right-hand side [2], two incised and painted portaite of women, ane of ‘whom, asording toa mutilated inseription above, was Bakt, Chnembotep's mother. Nor Wart. (Seo Pl. xxxvi., Koy plan, N.) Immediately below the frieze is. line of painted hieroglyphs »—> giving the sn hip di “inp formala, Beneath is a seone showing three danghters of Chuemhotep (nated respectively, Bakt, Thent, and Meres) approaching the statue of Chnemhotop an the Bast Wall, Wost Watt. (See PL xxxvi., Key plan, M and §.) (@) North side. A standing figure of the sahutet Djat, (W) South side, Too much defaced to show the seene, Souru Wats, (See Pl, xxavii,! Key plan, R.) Immediately below the frieze is a Tine of painted hieroglyphs wits ne arora om tn nel es orgy one knead on ih ad 2 gf 2 wot PLasxin. Small animal on left of fowers has long tal pointing upwards; in the inserition read a a= Plaree. -BrNb behind om holde roll of papyrus in lft hand. Many detail of offerings incoret stick of Choombotey's fester fap terminates fo whan Bottom row SS 2 |G —E! Plexxuvii, 2, A specimen of the later graft fom east end of tho mai chambor. Ch, Not fi 428-4, Te Devi. 92.1TOMB No. 13. oxo oF ran} 2 JQ “tora, Sonne? GATS Cuneaaene (PLATE XL)FORMER DESCRIPTIONS AND COPIES. ‘Tho tomb was fret described by CHAMPOLLION in 1898 (Monuments, Notices, vol. ii, M. 435, 456, 459, No. 6). ‘Tho inseriptions were copied by ‘LEPSIUS in 1802, and published by him in the Dowkmaler (Abth. ii, BL 142, a. 8,<). On “Lepsius survey the tomb is numbered 4,Name, Rank, Titles, Father. Mother. TOMB No. 13. Pentov: Xth or XIth Dynasty ( Posrniox: Northem Group. (Bketch Survey, Pl. ii, No. 18) NAME, RANK, TITLES, AND PARENTAGE OF THE OWNER OF THE TOMB. GELS coentotep (so witen § 25) Royal Seribe and Regulator of the sa-oner in the temple of Pacht. (a) Civil: — PL TAT ote + Royal ses.” TK, 5 sAhES mrt bay Soperntndent ofthe lending fre” EF mr pr, « Soperintendent of the house.” © Religions — 90 CG tw om pr PHM" Regulator the sondern Ue hoe of Pat” PRTG 042 nese, sages o the empl” PISS STA, bp ote tp mo pr nt nto, “Manger ofthe aftne fringe nth tea ofthe gos of thi it” RUSTE SOF F TDF ae apne ae nts, Chet of th oles of the temple” I 08 BE nf nb ...y “Chief of the seorets in the temple of ...2 Kame, TUG, Beowity, Ntraotep. Parentage and Titles, unknown, Nome, Parentage and Titles, unknown, OOD SHG (N, Sat-techArchi- toctoral Features, Inserip- tions. 76 BENI HASAN, ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES AND INSCRIPTIONS. ‘The tomb consists of a small rectangular chamber cut in the side of the cliff, the doorway to which has plain square jambs and lintel. ‘The plan and sections are givon on Pl. xli..‘Thore is one mummy: pit, Exrunion Insourmows (0° Pl. xi a, 4, and ¢). On the door-posts and lintel of the entrance to the main chamber are three incised hieroglyphic inseriptions, consisting, in all of eight lines, and giving the nnatne and titles of Chnemhotep. ‘The texts of these inscriptions, of which the following is a transliteration ‘and translation, have been published by Chatpollion (Monwmeuts, Notices, Tome ii., p. 430) and by Lepsius (Denikmiter, Abth. i, BI, 142, a and ¢). ‘On the lintel are four horizontal lines reading :— 1 "Tendo dye t dexrcan om Cet] mgt 0 those who live upon the earth, who travel in going: north] in going south nto nb br Bb bn be nb dam (consisting of) all scribes, all Ieetors, and A-servants, let them say 2 prhrw heme mike io apo ant aperchern thousand of loaves [and] of beer, oxen, fowl, incense, mht mn & Be abt nfit ointment, fine linen, all. good things [and] 3. we ‘we nto fm nken ims mili m ot pure, on which a god lives, to the ka of the worthy, the regulator of the sa-order, hd Bente np Mp mtr sm sw prw ntrw cnlightoner of the temple, manager of the divine olferings in the temples of the gods 4 atta I abt m BE nt Mt coos atin stom pr Pit of this city, chief of the scerets in the temple of [Chnum»] (2)... regulator of the ea-order in the Thonse of Packt, watn Ninwhtp st a a the royal serie, -Neteruhotep's son Chnemhotep, justified, On the left-hand door-post are two vertical Hines. Line 1, which is partly mutilated and very corrupt, gives the usual edn di btp "Ter formula and— ney met mor ow (2) ntep ‘um (wit?) the lover of his city, whom his ety loved, untainted by robbery. fo mu s6'h 0 m Ir DD] ere free of contradiction, longsuffering in the midst of the nobles,(cont.) BENI HASAN, 7 rh pron mawif mand dom knowing the result of his speech, firm of fout, free of . at Nevwhtp Himbtp son of Neteruhotep, Chnemhotep, mi rw Justified, On the right-hand door-post are two vertical Tine, Line 1 gives the usual etn and— ip “Inp formola sub mt & mewt I dp bt Bente snr bt Butt possessor af fivous, greataflove, hie ofthe offer of the temple, superintendent of the Kaing offices, ‘etn royal scribe, Line2 —nbef mry mt nkaibes Isaf ebut Loving his lord traly, of the place of his heart, whom he favoured, patting forward bef iw-f m brad in rbtef net OF tim ade hr sawiio nf his seat when he was a mere child, not knowing his tongue (2) not lying still upon those things ‘that he inherited, (ve. he was ainbitions) ‘mr pr Homitp mis ew the superintendent of the house, Chnemhotep, _justitied, Ixsomtrrions ow ttn Jans ov Doorway (200 Pl. xli, dand e). ‘These inscriptions, consisting of tyvo vertical lines of incised hieroglyphs (one on sb of doorway) are an address to visitors. ‘The ‘two inscriptions have been published by Champullion (Monuments, Noticrs, tome ii, ps 436) aud by Lepsius (Denkmiles, Abth. ii, Pl, 142 8). (1) On the left-hand jamb:— mow wih dp 8 alt bn)? dam ‘Those who love length of life upon the earth, boing brought to the state of amach, et them say, prbw tat the spa nm ota Nerwhtp st percherw offerings of bread and bees, oxen and fowl, to the royal seribe, Nelerubotep’s son, Humhip mi jrw Chnembotep, justified, (2) On the right-hand jamb :— mow Sah em -maddw mt dam prin teat ‘Those who love their life, who hate death, Tet them say, the percheru bread and beer, aw spdw nme pr nfs ‘oxen and fowl, to the steward Eomhtp inn SHIR) me bro Chuembotep, born of -——Sat-tech(P) justified. “the signs are injured,TOMB No. 14. our ov muy LEB vom Sf “Gunve Cum oF mux Ones Noun” BFALTS Comore. (PLATES XLII—XLVIL)FORMER DESCRIPTIONS AND COPIES. ‘The tomb is numborod 5 in Lepsina' survey, but is mow for the first time copied and deseibed.Rank. Titles, TOMB No. 14. Prnsoo; X1Ith Dynasty. Posto (Amenemhat 1) + Southern Group. (Sketeh Survey, Pl. ii, No. 11.) NAME, RANK AND TITLES OF THE OWNER OF THE TOMB. GES conenttep ao Bak a. Ge DELS comment. Govemoro the Ory or XVI nome of Upper Hgts nl rine ofthe tvn of Ment Cha ( Ct ® 1s, “ Ha-prinee.” VED vw bn, Sohn (reser) of he ing of Laver Bay DEE mrt “Contd King” SLI ch etw ms «eve rosal acquaintance.” FT By be ap ow ag,“ Govae Cue ov tne Ours Nowe” oe DP roo $2 sen aor ef, “Hein of Mens Ch VAESNYITS ini te wis in the chamber” (Le tide) aS LIB veto Us, “crit oti iy ot Neher aga Hy Ni, He who belongs to the city of Nechen.” (Legal title) (0) Religious — FT TL mr daw ates * Superintendent of the prieste”Fath Mother. Wife 2 ‘BENT HASAN. RELIGION. ‘No representation of any divinity occurs in the tomb. Prayers are addressed solely to the two chief funereal gods, Osiris and Anubis ‘The following deities are named in the insoriptions:— ie J Wie w Dio, “Osi, ord ot Dat.” "a LBS SZ A. “Tap ime wh dos Anubin Within Ut, Lad ot afer MDG] tro te atime, «Horas Within Hebna.” SRAM S| re ht te, Sof te Rat” Gp ait g Hom wb Nn duit ©, “ Chnom, Lord of Nechen-bonat.” JD @ MNS mee mown ot Hoe? SSS YY Sartre ate pres Hata, Lay of Nets S138 Ty JR cor edo nde Nin-bw, * Hathor, Lady of Nechen-bu." RYE Ly eine wt aes # Hath, Lady of ()* CHNEMHOTEP'S PARENTAGE AND FAMILY. Name, Parentage and Titles, unknown, Noms, Sp 4) Dis, ake Parentage and Tiles, unknown, Nom, ol]09 sietp, Sat-ap. Mitles, SHS rtt-p'(t), Brpa-prinooss.” SRT Ba ant ay it ofa hat prince” EYES dt ment, ants of ll women” Sy nt pr, Lady of the house.” [Ove son named S Nbs, Neoht, and one daughter named @e “() Bat, Bakt, See Boni Hasan, Parti, § 7, ‘Tho Family of Chnembotep.]Fagade, Chamber. Mummy. ite. BENI HASAN, % THE PRIESTS. ‘Two priests are named. ‘They are tho— © PR ORAZ om samtep, « Sem-priest Choemhotep.” €) (OJ GREY ara tomni, «Lector Onembtepe” GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE TOMB. ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES. (See Plates XLI. and XLII) ‘The fagade of the tomb is ent into the side ofthe cliff, and in this is hewn a huge plain doorway, without architectural features (see Pl. xiii.) In plan the main chamber is rectangular and nearly square, and the east exd was divided off by two columns (of the lotus bud type, see p. 3 and Bent Hasan, Patt i Pi, x.). These columns were surmounted by a plain architrave running transversely to the axis of the tomb; of all this the architrave with remains of abaci attached, and the circular bases (of a rounded section) still exist. Where the architrave abuts against the walls are antae of very slight projection. ‘The rock ceiling is slightly “cambered ” in the form of a very flat arch. In the north-western comer occurs a slight “break” or projection (6"), owing to the rock being too thin at this point to allow of the wall being carsied through in the same vertical plane. ‘There are two mummy-pits to the tomb; one in ‘the south-west corner of the main chamber, the other in the north-east corner; neither of them have been cleared.Inserip. Paintings and a BENI HASAN, INSCRIPTIONS. Hisrontcat, Ixsentetiow (gee Key plan B, and PI, sli). ‘This inseription is painted on the soutl- west wall of the main chamber, Hardly a hieroglyph is now distinguishable without a very close and minute examination of the wall in a good light. ‘The first two lines record titles of Chnembotep [I.] and his noble qualities, After this follows an addsess to visitors and prayer for funerea offerings. Ta Tine 5 occurs the prenomen (© lis uy (e-htp-1b-R©} of Amenemhat L, and a naval expedition to... « ast hth ® mono RA BP “ Hlaprinos of the town of Monat Chufa,” for certain servis which he bad rendered the king. is weorded. In line 7 it mentions that the king ereated Chnembotep 2 PAINTINGS. ‘The paintings are much faded, and in most cases can only be made ont with great difenlty, ‘The figures appear to have been boldly drawn, and the execution ofthe work bears a very close resemblance to that in Tomb No. 15. ‘West Watt. (a) Sonth side, ‘The upper half of this wall is oceupied with the historical inscription figured on Plate xliv, Upon the lower half are traces of a boating scene too much destroyed to copy. () North side, Upon the upper half of this wall are traces of painted figures of women wearing: nnooklaces, and in the left-band comer are remains ofa false door, upon which are painted three mutilated inscriptions :-— 1, Gives the Di Ap stu Isir formula, 2. Gives the Di hip stu "Tup formula. 8. Gives the prayer for percheru ollerings to the ka of the tmih br Elnw A rhiyt ROSY “ devoted towards Horus smiter of the Recht...” Nontw Want. West side of pilaster (cco Pl, xlvi). Mong the top of the wall aro traces ofa chaker ‘ornament, immediately beneath which isa horizontal line of painted hieroglyphs giving the Di Mp stn "Tair formula. Beneath this isa seene showing men hunting in the desert. Below are remains of five rows ‘of paintings, Ia the topmost of these is a wine-pross and some vases, In the seoond and thied aro priests and men bringing offerings to lay on an altar which is figured immediately before large standing figures of Chnembotep [I.] and his wile Sutap, Above the figare of Chnembotep are two horizontal lines of bisoglyphs (much mutilated), giving the name and several titles of Chnembotep ms * » Bik“ of Bak&.” Behind the standing Sgure of Chnembotep’s wife is a vertical line of hieroglyphs giving. hier name and titles. On the pilaster are traces of male and female attendants, 4 he upper part of the female figure realing me ia effaced.Paintings and Scones cont.) Additions and. Corrections BENI HASAN, 85 East side of pilaster. The paintings here can only with great dificulty be made out. At the top of the wall is a tine of psinted hieroglyphs reading 2% QS gh" FJ SRY Vg hs. Below is a hunting scene, much mutilated, Ease Watt, (Pl xlvii) The puintings here also aro much mutilated, and the fragmentary scenes riven on Pl. xlvii, are all that ean now be traced from them, Along the top of the wall, immediately beneath a chaker frieze, isthe following painted inseription -— som STeIRLO Ss Mie Mae Els TH SISNET Le TTS St fT, ISEe ‘The scenes below are arranged in six rows. ‘The fist three show wrestlers in different attitudes ‘The bottom rows show soldiers attacking a fortress ; and an interesting group of foreigners (Libyan), ‘who are being led by an Egyptian superintendent, are figured at. the south end of the fourth row (sce Pl, xlvii. and Pl. alv.). D D Sour Want. None of the paintings can be traced, though there ave patches of colour here and there aaa : . = and a painted inscription in small green hieroglyphs reading fa JQ § 554. ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS 10 TOME No. 14 "Th toe iansipin front nsdn tn Pn conta seval ers isos sos be a ony of» man sanding enppeng eymocpaleape by he foreleg et otal hin, fs tr tho we deine o Har weing nk and hom and hing | amputee «pare So gm he sgn on. The eprint noe sgn and pon a merLIST OF PLATES (WITH REFERENCES TO THR PAGES ON WHICH THRY ARE DESCRIBED), N-B.—Plates wuts, x10 00K, XE, KIMEL-REXVIL, LVL, XLVI, ero actual seo, Frontnpiee, View of the Buteance tothe Tomb of Chnombotep IL. (RPS)... 82 1. Sketch Survey of the Tombs at Beni Hasan (WF)... 1-3, 7, 20, 52 ‘Tomb No. 2 11, View of Interior, looking Hast (EN) : ) re, Plan and Sections (WE). | 20 y. Details (@.W.R) . St va, Details of Doorways (G.W.F). | 20 wt Ceiling (PEN). + 28,87 vt. Exterior Insriptions (P-E.N.). 21-8 ‘vit, Biographical Inscription (P-E.N.) 987 1x, Architrave Inscriptions (P.E.N.) 27-8 x. Anebi: one of the household of Amenemhat (coloured) (MLW-B). 80 xt. West wall (Northern half) (PEN). 80, 31 xi, West wall (Sontiern half) (P.EN.) .80, 81,37 xa, North wall (P.E.N. -80, 81-2, 87-8 sav. East wall (Northern side) (P-E.N,) 80, 82-8, 88 xv. East wall (Centre) (P.E.N,) . 28-9, 80, 82-8 xvt, East wall (Southern side) (P-ILN.) 80, 82-8, 38, xvmt, South wall (Bast end) (PEN) — 80, 88, 38 xvmm, South wall (West end) (PE.N,) —, 80, 88-4 xix, Shrine (North-west and North walls) (PEN) 2. +. 84,86 xx. Shrine (Bouth and South-west walls) (PEN). . - + 8487 xt, Hiernti Inscriptions (P.EN,) . 31, 2, 38 ‘Tomb No. 8. xan. Plan and Sections (G.W.F) . . 528 xm Deain(G WE) 2) | | tes xximta, Details of Doorways (G.W.F.) 528 xxv, Exterior and Architrave Inscriptions Cin) oe 53.6 ‘Tomb No. 8 continued, xa, The Great Inscription (Lines 1-120) (EN). . ) xvi ‘Phe Great Ineription (Lines 121 end) (PEN) . 56-7, 62-8 xevit, In the Farmyard (coloured) (M:W.B,) | 68 xxv The Aamu Sheykh (coloured ) QLW.B) 8 xxix, West wall (PEN) . 68, 72 xxx, North wall (P.B.N,). +. 68,78 xuxt The Aamu Group (PIBN.after Hay) | 69 xxxit, East wall (Northern side) (PLN) . 70 xxi, East wall (Centre) (P.E.N,) . 66-7, 70, 72 xuny, East wall (Souther side) (PEN). 10 xaxy, South wall (PEN). 9... 71,72 xxivr. Shrine (North wall) (PEN) . 0. TL8 xxxvmt. Shrine (South! wall) (PEN)... 71-8 xxxvim Hieratic Inscriptions (PLN). 69, 72 ‘Tomb No. 4. xxxtx. View of Column of Portico (Photo- typ) (GWE). 1 xt, Pla, Seotions, and Detail (G.W.E) 7 ‘Tomb No, 13, xii, Plan, Sootions, and Tnsoriptions GWE and PEN). 16-7 ‘Tomb No, 14, xum, View of Exterior ( Phototype ) GWE). . - oe 88 xum, Plan and Sections (G.W.R) . 9.88 XUV, Historical Inseription (PEN) =. 84 xv. The Foreigners (coloured) (M.W.B,) 85 xuxt. North wall (PEN) =. a xuvt. Kast wall PEN) =... 88 * ho plato is wrongly lettored North Wall.”SKETCH SURVEY OF THE UPPER AND LOWER RANGES OF PLATE I, Bent Hasan TomBs AT BENI HASAN. SECTION OF HILL THROUGH TOMB NS. 2 ‘Seale for Plan: * : 2 s = ay Sot ‘Seale for Sections. SECTION OF HILL THROUGH TOMB NO. 32 SECTION OF HILL THROUGH TOMS NO-15BEN h Toms No, 2. ELEVATION OF PoRTiCo. sohes SECTIONAL ELEVATION ON CD. to TT LONGITUDINAL SECTION ON A B. PLaTe IV.Seate of inches Bent HASAN. Toms No. 2. PLATE V.. FIG. 2 Fic. 3 RooF DETAILS.PLaTe VA Toms No. 2. BEN! HASAN, 4. ANF] NO NYT *SNIYHS OL AVMYOOG @V 3NM] No NoWLoaS 418¥3 ONDIOOT NOLLWASTS *AYM¥OOG NIV. GV SNM No NoWoaS 4183 ©NDIOC7 NOLLWASTSBent HASAN. TomB No. 2. BEAM WOODEN DETAILS OF CEILING ORNAMENT. PLate Vi.PusTe Vil. Toms No. 2. | oR RRR oa SS away Sie (S| he Alia tea iM AL { Spe SE pp la SAGs ESA PAC SEA SUNS ln] STi DDN Eleaid ali Stade see sores leeks isu me i DOS E a SANS oly S| Sea SEU AT OR Fal eh id Real Ns aN Sl foe ye ieee ies sc NE 23 tad CHlGo SUSI INI WSPuate VIII, Toms No. 2. BeNI HASAN. = ldl=) HEN SE EET De ee al a) Slee Ey NVR N hea YU INTO O eR TRNAS RE) a Le seMu ol fennel 2nne an une. nd des SZ eae inte |S x NINE aaa: Selo RE of ASNT SINAN 1c S| MIS YN iS TE Ee EMA eee SE ata OE 4, |S SI ST iia TED SHSM SE dhe EHCES) ar * Rosi ]s[r0S [Ath EH =e SSS DAMM TEL onl: ae sot aA AUFAIZEM Pale de Alea oneiie of 912 Vinca elenZ| B SOUTHERN JAMB. MAW ARIAS Alem Eoin ene ad, Bis a Aart lites In [Esaed Isl All ssind pert ALU Mile Aer Af ETE let VS ep] re SEY | SAAR HF) Lee Algol silt A MER EE AAS EET |“ AY Sf reef Re HCO Fk ET eA loc) GE mela Slat Fare BIOGRAPHICAL INSCRIPTION.*SNOLLdINOSNI 3AVALIHONW TEES LI ixmtte wl Wh RS ET i Se iF od et cer Ne aN lie Nteny=l* TINK es Te IAW ml -y va. O — NvsvH Ne “x1 audBENI HASAN TOMB N° 2. PLATE x THE CHETET-PIR, ANEBI& R @r ° @ A RL RA Ree Ae Ren: A tsi EN HASAN. Toms No. 2. Piatt 37g 0 sake, © a MAIN CHAMBER. WEST WALL (NORTH SIDE). eX. bonoBent Hasan. SY NT TomB No. 2, PLate XIL, a & b ll é Lea é at Pr KOOL Oe! who Yeates lnvie We) MAIN CHAMBER. WEST WALL (SOUTH SIDE).Ben HASAN. Toms No. 2. Puate Xl), e ma ] Ete es TORK KT UAH RRA RAO OORT AIRC IUCN ROCIO BERR RRR eNO RE IN AY LE a ( ar —2 =| he 4 a — es ? oy P hep it: LKONAR Mee Lo Aon A A PY it ; : hy pray Ul = ce ; : in a Ht A 63h we il We Aala aol . Lh $ikeie By RC ¢ gi PROC LRN AA fh SPT Tl trae eee ii. I MAIN CHAMBER. NORTH WALL.BEN! HASAN. ToMB No. 2. Puate XIV. MLE AUST Se Th eS MAIN CHAMBER. EAST WALL (NORTH SIDE).Bent HASAN. Toms No. 2. ASA, FRA nS i=l_ hh > SR Sir} arbi pa CES Sol OEE | fe Se ‘Are ARSE or eotaa Uae FIIS=A__ Re Atal he ou, AA TNE Tie MAIN CHAMBER. EAST WALL (CENTRE ). PNA F Uebel IT) J LAF Seb 7 NILA LESS Llsted Ven SNES AE |SBEN! HASAN. TomB No. 2, PLATE XVI. oor es MAIN CHAMBER, EAST WALL (SOUTH SIDE).BEN! HASAN, Tome No. 2. PLATE XVII. SIWE ae i Vita, TP Soh Nn bth Ness NEL ASA Samay i é ys Kg MAIN CHAMBER, SOUTH WALL (EAST END).BEN! HASAN, ToMB No. 2. PLATE XVIII. ry DET aida A MAIN CHAMBER. SOUTH WALL (WEST END).Ben! HASAN, TomB No. 2. PLATE XIX. SHRINE. NORTH-WEST AND NORTH WALLS,BeNI HASAN. Toms No. 2. PLATE XX. SHRINE, SOUTH AND SOUTH-WEST WALLS,BEN! HASAN. Toms No, 2. PLATE XXI, naan AN te IFIGBITD HIERATIC INSCRIPTIONS.BeNI HASAN. ToMB No. 3. PUaTE XXIL, ELEVATION OF PoRTICo. SIDE ELEVATION, DETAILS OF DeNTILS. SECTIONAL ELEVATION ON CD. LonarrupinaL SECTIONBEN! Hiasan, PLAN _ 1 D SECTIONAL ELEVATION ON CD. Fig. 3 ¢ 1 I Lp $ | Seale No TomB No. 3. LoncITuDINAL SECTION ON AB. PuaTe XXIll. Fig. 2 Seale Bo. FIG, 4 ric. 7 < wlesddas L fieotaag ars evee ae Seale Wot Tt fe Sole Mes Toe seems ALP Sate hes Lodad 1 gu Seate of inches DETAILS. peePLATE XXIIIA. TomB No. 2. Bent HASAN. 5 SN NO NVI 43. 3NT] No Ng ANIIHg OL AVMYOOG, AvM3000 NIV,Beni HASAN. Toms No. 3. Ri UFO MENA TR coiboela 2 OAs WIS, (RETAIL WDE RS Se Veet PEM AE eh = 1 T a > tS r= = Car ferk LS Pol @ PE EE EFELL Ly Le) Le Sethi, Sees = ei Shi SVRQQS ISS! ax) lt = by ie — #4 als | hl ie #7 iB Ss at is v pa se om u wen Jr, | em » ke i [4 a sal ANS EXTERIOR AND JAMB INSCRIPTIONS. DA ze PLATE XXIV, * AALS AWA STR het. Slee) Uckets OV NC AR EPO ANAS re ERY SN) ARCHITRAVE INSCRIPTIONS, Ree Reo TOMASI bwPLATE XXV. Tome No. 3. BeNI HASSAN. TAS ot Ul shaded dl QA HTL NEN AW TVE FE LNEvalid VilddlaJsi AiVa= Noe reifiel 2 dN WN et faHaieay BT Soups SAMs pe diet OIE nih VSR SE Rear ty) Leisusiv Taye J SNAIL te ince sell ARE ohdiat—iael af serenifagl eal CPS

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