.

(1) :
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)

(=PlasticDesignofSteelStructures)
()
,
(=allowablestresses).

(=ductility),.

:
1:
()
(staticallydeterminatestructure)

: ( =ultimateload)
:
( =loadofplasticcollapse)

(=elasticperfectlyplasticmodel)
,,
,
.

:
2:(=staticallyindeterminatesystem)

:
():
2

2
2
2

2
():
3

:
(FactorofSafety)
:

2
2

[:
.]

[:
.]

:
(FactorofSafety)()

.
:
:
4
4
2
,:

:
3

:
,..

(FactorofSafety)()

(
).
4
3
4
3
4
2

2
3
3
2
3
:
,

1.5

(
/)

(..,
,,.)

PlasticDesigninSteel:AGuideandCommentary,ASCE,NewYork,2nd
Edition,1971
1.70
1.30

1.70
1.50
1.40

1.71
1.50
:

,
,.

(HistoricMilestones)
1914:

FirstteststodemonstrateplastichingesconductedbyKAZINCZY
inHungary

1936:

StudiesofplasticdesigninitiatedatBRISTOLUniversitybyJ.F.
BAKER,later(1994)atCAMBRIDGEUniversity

1946:

Researchonultimatestrengthofstructuresandcomponents
commencedatLEHIGHUniversity.
Mathematicaltheoriesofplasticbehaviorofmaterialsstudiedat
BROWNUniversity(W.PRAGER)

19501970:

BEEDLE KETTER DRISCOLL GALAMBOS

, ,
, ,
.(
).

&


()
,,
.

.
(purebending)
.

,
(curvature).
(curvature)

(radiusofcurvature)

,
,
BernoulliEuler .
:
(1) ().
(2) ,
.
(3)
.
(4) .

:
()

(
)

,
( )

.


,
:

,:

,
moment),

,(yield

, :
12
6

modulus).

2
(elasticsection

,
, |

, ,:


:

0

,:

:
1

1
,

1
1

:
1

6
2

1
1

lim

(limitmomentorfullyplasticmoment)&
(plasticsectionmodulus)

.]

, ,

.
(plastichinge)
.

:
deltaDirac
...

,
:

,
,

().

.
,

,:

,
,

, .
,
& (&
), & ,,
.
:


, ,:

CrossSection
Solidrectangle
Solidcircle
Thinwalledcirculartube
Typical beam

1.5
1.7
1.3
1.1 1.2

&
/
.
.
(..
).
:

(1)
.(.

).
(2) :
()
() (,.).
(3) ,
,
.
(tapering) ,
().

( ).
?

o 1()
o 2()

(collapsemechanism):
(plasticcollapse)
(
)

(
)

:1

()

&

(
).

:
(StaticMethod):

(KinematicMethod):

(load
deflectioncurve)
.

.
:

:
,,

,:

,
,:
, ,:

(
)
.
, ,

.

() ,:

. ,

),

(

:

(=
.
)

:2

.
,
, (
)
():

:2

,
:

:2

,:

(StaticMethod):

,:

(KinematicMethod):

:
2

,.
(collapsemechanism)
,.
(
)
(

)./(
),
.
,

?

.
,

( DisplacementTheorem).

ChristianOttoMOHR
(October8,1835 October2,1918)

& ,
(.
,,.)

:Otto
MOHR &ANDERLA () 1868
.Prof.G.A.MANEY 1915
SlopeDeflection.




.

(
).


:

(service or workingload)
;
(loadfactor)

,
()
.

(rotationcapacity)

,.

(1) ,

.
.
(2)
,
.,
,
,
,,.
(.)
(3)

,:()
,()
.[
.]


:
(1)
.

/
.

(2) ,
()
,
()
,
()
.


& (2)

&


(UpperBoundTheorem or Unsafe Theorem):
(),
()
.

:
:


(UpperBoundTheorem or Unsafe Theorem)
/
(MechanismMethodofPlasticAnalysis).

/ (MechanismMethod)
(
,)
.
(1) (
,,
).
(2) .
(3) ()

.
(4)


(LowerBoundTheorem or Safe Theorem):

,
()
.

:
:


(LowerBoundTheorem or Safe Theorem)
.

(Statical Method)

.
(1)
(2) (
).
(3) (
).
(4) (
)
().
(5)
.
(6)
.

(
Unsafe Theorem):
.

()
.

:
:

&

()
.

.
/
( ).

&

()

,(
) & .

(
).

&

()

():

(
):

&

()

.

, :

&

()

,
.
,

,:

&

()

,
.

&

()

() & .
/
.

&

()

,
.

&

()

&

()

&

(designplane).

()

&
:
(
)
.
/

&

,
.

(
).

(
):

&
()

,
,
:

&
()

&
()

:
:
:
:
:

, , ,
: