UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING FINAL EXAMINATION, December 11, 2009 DURATION: 2 Hours Fourth Year Chemical Engineering CHE451 Petroleum Processing Exam Type: X (Course Notes allowed) Examiner - H. Lafferty Page 1 of S1. Crude vs. Cat Fractionators (20 marks) a. Crude fractionators and Cat fractionators share many common features. Describe features common to each. (10 marks) Describe how the internal liquid flow is established for the cat fractionator, (10 marks) 2. Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCCU) (25 marks) @. Describe an RTD, why and where is it used. (5 marks) b. The Cat is 2 downstream conversion process wherein high boiling point heavy oils are converted into lighter products. Describe in detail how the reactor regenerator combination functions to achieve the desired result. Use sketches where necessary although Not To Scale. (20 marks) Sulphur Recovery ( 15 marks) What typical refinery streams contribute to the sources for HS? (3 marks) b. What cautions should be exercised when dealing with H;S? (5 marks) cc, What are the two typical types of amine used to absorb HS from gas, streams? (2 marks) d. Describe the reactions occurring during the combustion of acid gas and how these reactions are used for the unit control philosophy. (5 marks) 4. Pressure Relief (10 marks) a. What is a relief scenario? (3 marks) b. Relief valves may “chatter”. Usually there are two reasons that a relief valve chatters, pick one and describe the chattering phenomenon, (7 marks) 5. Control Valves (15 Marks) &. Assume you have water flowing through a liquid control valve. The water temperature is 60 °F, the control valve characteristic is “equal percentage”, the valve Cv is 25 and the delta P is 25 psi, What is the flow through the valve in USgpm? List any assumptions you made. (5 marks) Control vaives can be manufactured to provide a desired flow characteristic, that is, flow vs. percent open. For the two control valves depicted in the partial P&ID on page 5, what flow characteristic would you select for level controller LV-316 and temperature controller TV-325? (10 marks) Page 2 of 56. Piping Line Si: 1g (15 Marks) a. Provide three reasons why engineers pay close attention to getting piping line sizes optimized. (5 marks) b. Who was this man? (hint William Froude, November 28, 1810, May 4, 1879) (1 mark) . For vertical lines, what is the critical value of the Froude Number, below which, entrained vapours would be vented back to the source vessel? (3 marks) 6. Why do we limit the flowing velocity of liquid hydrocarbon in pipelines and what velocity range would you suggest as @ reasonable value? You may use either Imperial or SI units as I am learning, (3 marks) . When gas and liquid flows together in a pipe, the two phases can be distributed in @ number of ways and are described according to visual patterns. From the chart below, which flow regime(s) is it prudent to avoid and why? (3 marks) Page 3 of 5‘Stratified ‘Smooth Flow Stratified Stretified Wavy Flow Elongated Bubble Flow Intermittent ‘Slug Flow Annular Flow Annuler Wavy Annular Flow Dispersed Bubble Flow 7. Bonus Question (Potential 5 marks) a. Professor L. provided you with several technical terms during the course, For five marks, list 5 technical terms and their meaning Page 4 of 5