POVERTY

Alleviation=mitigation, lessening,
improvement, easing, assuagement,
Progressive alleviation of poverty in
Pakistan - an overview.(2000)
relief
antonym: aggravation
Strategies for the alleviation of poverty.
(2005)
DEPRAVITY=debauchery
debauchery, immorality, corruption,
wickedness, evil, decadence,
dissoluteness, degeneracy, wantonness,
Moral depravity is the root cause of
poverty. (2008)

vice
antonym: righteousness
MORAL VALUES=morals, beliefs, moral
code, moral principles, moral values,
integrity, conscience, principles

DEMOCRACY
The Future of Democracy in Pakistan. .
(2009)
Democracy is a culture rather than a
process .(2012)

2. detailed description or discussion: a

detailed description of a theory,
problem, or proposal discussing the
issues involved, or a commentary on a
written text discussing its meaning and

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

implications
3. act of describing or discussing
something: the act of describing and
discussing a theory, problem, or
proposal, or of commenting on a written

Advancement in science and technology

is the gateway to the economic
prosperity of a country.(2000)

text
PROSPERITY=wealth, affluence,
opulence, riches, success, richness,
fortune
antonym: poverty
entry, doorway, entryway, entrance,
opening, access, postern, door
Advancement: development,
improvement, spread, progress,

expansion, encroachment, innovation,

enhancement, increase
antonym: decline
SUFFERING=upset, distraught, troubled,
concerned, worried, anxious, distrait
(archaic), unhappy, bothered
The Suffering Soul in the Scientific Age
(2012)

antonym: content
in pain
in pain, suffering, anguished, tormented,
miserable, aching

ISLAM
Pluralistic vision of Islam.(2004)

PLULARISM=1. existence of different

groups within society: the existence of
groups with different ethnic, religious, or
political backgrounds within one society
2. sociology social policy and theory:
the policy or theory that minority groups
within a society should maintain cultural

differences, but share overall political

and economic power
3. christianity holding of multiple
offices: the holding of more than one
office or position by somebody,
especially in a church
4. philosophy theory of various kinds of
reality: the philosophical theory that
reality is made up of many kinds of
being or substance
5. state of being plural: the state or
condition of being plural
Islam versus the West (2005)
The image of Islam in the western world
and responsibilities of
the Muslim Ummah (2007)
Peace the essential message of our
religion (2008)

Meaning and purpose of life

ECONOMICS
Higher Economic problems in Pakistan
and how to meet them. .(2002)
Economic prosperity of a nation is directly
proportional to the level of literacy
in it. (2001)

EDUCATION
DRIVE=steersteer, handle, guide, direct,
operate, pilot, lead
taketake, run, chauffeur, transport
2. power, run, cause to move, set in
motion
Education makes a people easy to lead,
but difficult to drive, easy to govern,
but impossible to enslave. (2000)
GOVERN=rule, preside over, oversee,
administer, administrate, direct, run,
manage, head, reign, control,
dominate, regulate, preside

3.force, make, coerce, constrain, impel,

compel, oblige
4.push, propel, urge, goad, send, hurl,
shove, thrust
ENSLAVE=subjugate, dominate, subject,
bind, yoke, enchain (formal or literary),
enthrall (US, literary)

Education ahs for its object the formation

of character (2002)
Need for serious planning in technical
education in Pakistan. (2002)
Reforms in Examination systems (2005)
The present system of Education must
assume some of responsibilities of
our failure (2007)
Co-education , Merits and Demerits
(2009)
A Critical Analysis of Education Systems
in Pakistan (2012)
Meaning and purpose of education(2013)
There should be colleges and schools just
for men/boys and some just
for women/girls (2013)

HIGHER EDUCATION

Higher Science Education in the

developing countries. (2002)
Higher Education as an agent of change
(2007)
Privatizing higher education-generating
knowledge or making more
money for the opulent. (2014)

JUSTICE/ACCOUNTABILITY
Justice delayed is justice denied.(2001)
Without independent truth-finding
commission, accountability is
unachievable. (2010)

NATIONAL INTEGRATION
Integration =addition, mixing,
incorporation, combination,
amalgamation, assimilation

INTEGRATION=Noun
1. equal access for all: the process of
opening a group, community, place, or
organization to all, regardless of race,
ethnicity, religion, gender, or social class

2. acceptance into community: the

process of becoming an accepted

member of a group or community

3. combination: a combination of parts
or objects that work together well
National integration.(2001)

OIL AND GAS

The end of cheap oil.(2004)

WATER
We never know the worth of water till the
well is dry.(2000)

ENERGY
Dilemma of the water and energy crisis in
Pakistan.(2003)
Energy Crisis in Pakistan: Causes and
Consequences.(2012)

POLITICS
The purification of politics is an iridescent
dream (2000)

IRIDESCENT=shimmering, lustrous,
shimmery, rainbow-like, shot, rainbow,
kaleidoscopic, dazzling, glittering,
Politics is perhaps the only profession for
which no preparation is thought
necessary.
(2002)

sparkling, shining, gleaming, glistening,

flickering, colorful, shiny, opalescent,
prismatic
antonym: monochrome

Personalization Of Pakistani Politics

(2006)
Politics is the art of possible (2007)
The world politics stands more derisive
than it was ever before due to the
specific imperialist designs (2010)
Not economy but politics is a key to
success. (2013)

MORAL-ETHICAL STANDARDS
Moral standards in international relations.
(2000)
The barbarity of ethnic cleansing(2000)
Humanism (2004)
Estrangement from our own culture is
driving us on the verge of collapse,
not just our identity but also morality.
(2005)
All humans are born equal in dignity and
rights but they are in shackles
everywhere.(2011)
Great nations win without fighting.
(2014)

Post-modern ethos - a challenge to the

west. (2014)
ETHOS= shared fundamental traits:
the fundamental and distinctive
character of a group, social context,
or period of time, typically
expressed in attitudes, habits, and
beliefs

In modern usage, ethos denotes the

disposition, character, or fundamental
values particular to a specific person,
people, corporation, culture, or
movement. For example, the poet and
critic T.S. Eliot wrote that "The general
ethos of the people they have to govern
determines the behaviour of
politicians."[4] According to the historian
Orlando Figes, in the 1920s "The ethos
of the Communist party dominated
every aspect of public life in Soviet
Russia."[5]

When used in the rhetorical tradition, in

addition to what motivates the
individual, Ethos establishes credibility
for the individual among the audience,
which is essential in a successful

attempt at persuasion.

Ethos may change in response to new

ideas or forces. Ideas of economic
modernization imported from the West in
the 1930s brought about in Jewish
settlements in Palestine "the
abandonment of the agrarian ethos and
the reception of...the ethos of rapid
development

COMMUNICATION

Without good communication skills, life

becomes impossible in the
modern world.(2011)
Modern Day Communication Via Social
Networks Puts an End of
True and Sincere Relationships. (2013)

LIBERALISM
Liberalism (2006)

TRUTH
The search for truth.(2005)
Truth In Short Supply .(2006)
Truth is a rare commodity despite the
freedom by the print and
electronic media.(2011)

GOOD GOVERNANCE
Good governance and the role of the
public servant. (2000)
Public office is a public trust. (2001)

PAKISTAN
Devolution of power in Pakistan. (2001)

DEVOLUTION=1. delegating of
responsibilities: the delegation of
responsibilities from a superior to a
subordinate, deputy, or substitute
2. delegation of power: the transfer of
power from a central to a subordinate
level or organization, particularly from a
central government to regional or local
governments
3. inheritance of privileges: the transfer

or inheritance of authority, rights, or

property, e.g. from a monarch to his or
her successors
decentralization, delegation,
transference, transfer, federalization
antonym: centralization
World scenario in 21st century and
Pakistan's Role in it. (2002)
Austerity as a solution of all our economic
problems. (2002)

1. severity or plainness: severity of

discipline, regime, expression, or design
2. economy measure: a saving,
economy, or act of self-denial, especially
in respect of something regarded as a
luxury
3. economics enforced thrift: thrift
imposed as government policy, with
restricted access to or availability of
consumer goods
[AUSTERITY=severity, strictness,
sternness, graveness, soberness,

somberness, asceticism, seriousness,

rigor ,, antonym: levity
self-denial : economy, shortage,
scarcity ,,antonym: plenty
plainness: starkness, bareness,
simplicity, cleanness ,,antonym:
opulence
Socio-Economic Challenges faced by
Pakistan.(2005)
Foreign Direct Investment in Pakistan.
(2005)
The food crisis: problems, challenges and
opportunities for Pakistan.(2009)
English as the Medium of Education in
Pakistan.(2009)
Pakistan is rich in natural resources but
very poor in their management. (2010)
Why is there no status of the third gender
in Pakistan? (2010)
What Are the Hurdles in Our Way to
Becoming a Truly Independent
State? (2011)
In this country reason does not apply to
anything. (2011)

REASON=cause, justification, basis,

grounds, rationale, excuse, explanation,
pretext, occasion
2. aim, motive, cause, goal, purpose,
object, motivation, intention, end
3. thought, intelligence, judgment, logic,

sense, brains, mind, wit, comprehension

4. sanity, right mind, wits, senses,
intelligence, brains, mind, faculties
antonym: insanity

DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Disaster management and government
preparedness. (2011)

GLOBALIZATION
Globalization and electronic media
(2007)

TERRORISM
International Crisis in Terrorism. (2002)
Terrorism as a new threat to the
contemporary world (2007)
Pakistan's War on terror and its impact on
our psyche and
politic-socio-economic fronts. (2009)
Dialogue is the best course to combat
terrorism. (2010)

GLOBAL WARMING
Global Warming (2006)
The future of mankind in a global
warming perspective. (2007)
Global Warming, fact or fiction? (2008)

BOOKS AND READING

Of all the needs a book has, the chief
need is that it be readable (2003)
The pleasures of reading (2011)

PHILOSPHY
Self-conceit may lead to self destruction.
(2001)
self-importance, pride, vanity,
smugness, snobbery, arrogance,
superiority, self-satisfaction,
bigheadedness (informal), narcissism
antonym: modesty
an exaggerated opinion of one's own
qualities or abilities : vanity

Existentialism. (2003)
philosophical movement centered on
individual existence: a philosophical
movement begun in the 19th century
that denies that the universe has any
intrinsic meaning or purpose.
It requires people to take responsibility
for their own actions and shape their own
destinies.
Only the wisest and stupidest of men
never change. (2003)
We Grown Too Old Soon And Too Late
Smart (2006)
Materialism Is the Death of Spirituality
(2008)
Fair play and life, as it is lived, in the land
of the pure. (2011)
Let me take care of today, tomorrow shall
take care of itself. (2013)
If gold rust what shall the iron do. (2013)
Can meaning be fixed? (2014)

WOMEN
Persecuted poor woman.(2005)
The state of women rights in Pakistan
(2007)

Status of Women in Islam (2009)

Can women be equal to men in Pakistan?
(2010)
Does Pakistan society regard woman as
the angel in the house or
source of all evils? (2011)
Social and Economic Securities for
Women in Islam(2012)
Women sportspersons are new
ambassadors of the soft image
of Pakistan. (2014)

NUCLEAR WEAPONS
Nuclear Waepons Are 'not Only A Great
Peril, But A Great Hope'(2006)
PERIL= danger, threat, risk, hazard,
jeopardy, liability, exposure
antonym: safety

MANAGEMENT
Lots Of Folks Confuse Bad Management
With Destiny.(2006)
Time management is the key note of
success.(2008)

TOLERANCE
On tolerance.(2001)

DISCIIPLINE
Lack of discipline - a national disaster.
(2008)

LIFE

Country life is better than city life.

(2013)

HEALTH
Health is not a condition of matter, but of
mind.(2009)
Obesity is the root cause of all disease .
(2012)

MEDIA
Power of Media in the Modern World.
(2009)
The Emerging Power of Public Opinion.
(2012)
Free speech should have limitations.
(2013)

LITERARY
Sweet are the uses of adversity
Humor in Urdu Literature (2006)
Literature is the best criticism of life.
(2010)
Literature as a great cultural artifact.
(2014)

ART
Art and Morality (2001)
Art Critics and reviewers (2001)
Every art is an imitation of nature.
(2014)

POETRY

Poetry is the highest form of expression the greatest proof is the

Holy Quran.(2008)

HISTORY
All Recorded History Is Contemporaneous
(2004)

UNO
The future of UNO, Hopes and Hurdles .
(2009)
The U.N.O has failed to measure up to the
demands of its charter.(2010)
The United Nations in the 21st Century:
Obligations and Limitations .(2012)

PSYCHOLOGY/BEHAVIOUR
Personal liberty is the paramount
essential to human dignity and
human happiness.(2000)
Attitude of indifference. (2003)
Young habits die-hard. (2003)
A long Dispute means that both parties
are wrong.(2004)
Longing for Love. (2004)
There Comes A Time To Put Aside
Principles And Do What's Right. (2006)
There is no great genius without a
mixture of madness. (2009)
Insanity in individuals is something rare
but in groups, parties and
nations it is the rule. (2011)
Beggars cannot be choosers (2012)
Brain, Like Hearts, Go Where They Are
Appreciated (2012)
The traditional male role changed in the
last 20 years. (2013)
Violence is the last refuge of the
incompetent. (2014)

The character of a nation can be judged

by its symbolic narratives. (2014)

GENDER EQUALITY
Gender equality is myth (2013)

MISCELLANEOUS
If you wish the sympathy of broad manes,
then you must tell them the crudest and
most stupid things. (2000)
Hero-worship is the strongest where there
is least regard
for human freedom. (2002)
Modern Banking, finance and
employment are part of one single
paradigm. (2004)
Peer Pressure. (2004)
Every Solution Breeds New Problems
(2006)
A country is backward because it's people
are backward. (2007)
Dreams for future rely on the work of
today. (2008)
Can be prevent the Third World War?
(2008)
Religion has done more harm than help to
human relations in the world. (2010)
The time we live in is the winter of the
world (2011)
Language is a fit data for research in
humanities and social science. .(2014)

Look to the east for a holistic progress. .

(2014)