(Small and Medium Enterprises, SME)

18








12

 12

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12. (Energy Service Company : ESCO)

12



,
,

1.
2. (Heat Pump)

2
4

3.

4.
(Criteria)

2.1

3.1 (Air to Air Heat Pump)

3.2 (Air to Water Heat Pump)
3.3 (Water to Water Heat Pump)
3.4 (Air to Water Heat Pump)

7
7
8
8

4.1 1 (Coefficient of Performance : COP)

4.2 2 60
4.3 3
4.4 4 (Condenser)
4.5 5 (Evaporator)

5.
6.
7.
8.

10
17
21
23
26

29
31
31
33
35
36

, ,

1.

4
12
(SMEs)

1.





12
2.






3.



4.



5.



6.





7.



8.


9.

10.



11.


12.


( )

2. (Heat Pump)

150 - 250C 1500C



3

: (Energy Master Co.,Ltd)



(Heat Source) (Heat Sink)

(Fresh Air)


60C
(Refrigerant) R22, R134A, R407C
(Heat Pump)

2.1

4
4 4

1. (Compressor)

1
( 1 2)
2. (Condenser)


Qout (Water Cooled) (Air Cooled)
( 2 3)
3. (Expansion Valve)


( 3 4)
4. (Evaporator)


(Superheat
Vapor) ( 4 1)

3.

Evaporator

High temperature
Heat Output

Condensor

80C

Low temperature
renewable
heat energy
from the air

3.1 (Air to Air Heat Pump)

50-80C (
)

6 (Air to Air Heat Pump)

3.2 (Water to Air Heat Pump)

50-80C

Reversing
Valve
Air Coil
Supply
Air

Return
Air

45 F
7oC
o

88oC
180oF

Water
Coil
Compressor
Expansion
Device

7 (Water to Air Heat Pump)

3.3 (Water to Water Heat Pump)

(
50-80C)

cool gas

electrical
energy
input

hot gas
refrigerant piping

to
ground evaporator
loop

compressor

heat input
from
ground
loop

condenser

to load

heat output
from load

cold liquid

thermal
expansion
valve

warm liquid

8 (Water to Water Heat Pump)

3.4 (Air to Water Heat Pump)

50-80C

SENSOR

COLD
AIR
OUTLET
FAN

HOT
WATER
OUTLET
COMPRESSOR

COLD
WATER
INLET

WATER
HEAT
EXCHANGER

EXPANSION
VALVE

EVAPORATOR

HOT
AIR
INLET

9 (Air to Water Heat Pump)

4.
(Criteria)

1 (Coefficient of Performance : COP)

(Coefficient of Performance : COP) 3
2 60C 60C

3
5C
4 (Condenser)
(Condenser) 3C
5 (Evaporator)
(Evaporator)
(Evaporator) 5C



1

(Thermometer)

(Hygrometer Psychrometer)

(Infrared Thermometer)

(Condensing)

(kWh meter)
(Electrical
Data Logger)

4.1 1 (Coefficient of Performance : COP)

: 12
: (Coefficient of Performance : COP) 3
:
1.
2. (Evaporator)
3. (Condenser)
4. (Evaporator)
5.


COP 3
( (Heat Pump) ...
( 2) .. 2550 )
4.1.1 (Coefficient of Performance : COP)

13.8 kW (Name Plate) 4.5 kW (Name Plate)
(
)

50
55

(TW)

(Tab)

10

10

1. 50C (Ton) 55C (Toff)

2. ()
3. 55C
4. ( 25C) (Tw)
5. ( 37C) (Tab)

(C2)

C1
(TW)

(Tab)

(Tz)

11 ()

6. (kWh Meter)
7.
125 ( 125 ) (C1)
8. ( ) ( )
100 ( 100 ) (C2)
9. 54C (Tz)
10. (Q)

Q = C1 x Cp x (Toff-Tw) + C2 x Cp x ((Toff+Ton)/2)-Tw)-(C1+C2) x Cp (Toff-Tz)

Cp = = 4.18 kJ/kg/K
( 1-9)

Q = 125 x 4.18 x (55-25) + 100 x 4.18 x ((55+50)/2)-25)-(125+100) x4.18x(55-54)

= 26,229.50 kJ 26.23 MJ

11

11.

(kWh Meter)

Ep(kWh)
=
2.6 kWh



Ep(MJ)
= Ep(kWh) x 3.6 (1 kWh = 3.6 MJ)





=
2.6 x 3.6





=
9.36 MJ
12. (Coefficient of Performance : COP)
35C COP

COP =

Q x 100%+ 35-Tap x 6%
2
Ep (MJ)

10, 11 5
x 100%+ 35-37 x 6%



COP = 26.23
2
9.36




= 2.36
: 2C 6%
COP 3



(Evaporator)

(Condenser)

(Evaporator)


1

12

 12

(COP) 3
COP 2.63

13

4.1.2

COP 4
( )

1. (COP1) (Pw) (kW)

2. (H) ()
3. 1 (DY) ()
4. (Load Factor LF)

+
5. (B) (/kWh)
6. 1-5 2 Heat pump
7. (EU) = (LF) x (Pw) x (H) x (DY)
8. (Cost)




= (EU) x (B)
9. COP


o 55C

o 50C

o (Evaporator) 50C
COP

o (Twout)

o (Tws)

o (Evaporator) (TEs)
10. COP2 ()
11. COP

COPadj = COP2 x 100%+ Tws-50 x 6% + TEs-35 x 6%

2
2

12. (ES)
COP1
COP adj
13. (CS) = (ES) x (B)
14. (I)
15. (Payback Period : PB)

(PB) =
( I)



(ES)
3

14

= (EU) x 1-

 13 (Heat Pump)

15

 4.1

COP 2.63 4.0 ()

(Heating Capacity) (Name Plate) 13.8 kW

(Heat Pump) () (PW)
4.5 kW
(H) 12
1 (DY) 300
(LF= 85%)
(B) 3.6 /kWh
14

EU = (LF) x (Pw) x (H) x (DY)

= 85% x 4.5 x 12 x 300

= 13,770 kWh/
15

COP

COPadj

COP2 x 100%+ Tws-50 x 6% + TEs-35 x 6%

2
2
4.00 x 100%+ 55-50 x 6% + 35-35 x 6%
2
2
4.60

(Heat Pump) *

- (Twout)



= 60C

- (Tws)


= 55C

- (Evaporator) (TEs)
= 35C




COP COP2
=
4.00
COPadj = 4.60
16


COP1
COP adj

ES =

Eu x 1-

13,770 x 1-

= 5,897.15 kWh/

2.63
4.60

CS = ES x B



= x (B)



= 5,897.15 kWh/ x 3.6 /kWh



= 21,229.75

PB

I =

PB = 100,000
21,229.75

= 4.71

I
CS

3
12 24

4.2 2 60C
: 12
: (Coefficient of Performance : COP) 3
:

60oC (Electric Heater)

17


(Electric Heater)
(40-60C)
(Heat Source)
(Heat Sink)
( 50-60C)

2 1 kWh
4 MJ/ (Electric Heater) 1 MJ/

4.2 (Electric Heater)

(Electric Heater)
(Electric Heater) 30 kW 45C (Tw-use)
16

18

 16 (Electric Heater)

(Electric Heater) (PW) 30 kW

(H) 12
1 (DY) 300
(LF= 80%)
(B) 3.6 /kWh
17

EU = (LF) x (Pw) x (H) x (DY)



= 80% x 30 x 12 x 300



= 86,400 kWh/
(Heat Pump) *

- (Twout)



= 60C

- (Tws)


= 55C

- (Evaporator) (TEs)
= 35C

- (Tw-Use)

=
4C


COP COP


=
4.00

19

 COP COP

COPuse

COPx 100%+ TEin-TEs x 6% + Tws-(Tw-use) x 6%

2
2
4.00 x 100%+ 35-35 x 6% + 55-45 x 6%
2
2
5.20

ES

1
COPuse
1
= x 1COPuse
1
= 86,400 x 15.20
= 69,784.62 kWh/
=

Eu x 1-

CS = ES x B


= x (B)


= 69,784.62 x3.6 kWh/


= 251,224.62
18

PB

I =

PB = 400,000
251,224.62

= 1.59

20

I
CS

4.3 3
: 6
: (Coefficient of Performance: COP) 3
:

5oC

(Condenser)

6% 2C
(Condenser) ( 1)
4.3

48C
55C 53C
19

21

 19

1.


EU = (LF) x (Pw) x (H) x (DY)



= 85% x 4.5 x 12 x 300



= 13,770 kWh/
2.
3. (Tw1) 48C
4. (T1) 55C
5. 55C 53C (T2)

22

6. (Energy Saving)
Eu x T2-T1 x 1 x 6%
2


= 13,770 x 55-53 x 1 x 6%
2


= 826.20 kWh/
: 2C 2C
6% ( 1)

ES =

7.


CS = ES x B



= x (B)



= 826.20 kWh/ x 3.6 /kWh



= 2,974.32
8. (PB)
I


PB =
CS


I =

0


PB =
2,974.32


= 0

4.4 4 (Condenser)
: 12
: (Condenser) 3oC
:
1.
2.

()




(Condenser) 3C

23

 4.4

20

24

 20

1.


EU = (LF) x (Pw) x (H) x (DY)



= 85% x 4.5 x 12 x 300



= 13,770 kWh/
2. 16.8
( R134a 2)
( TC11) = 60C
3. (Twout) TC11

TC11 Twout =
60 53



=

7C

3C (
7C)






4. ( 4)


TC12 = Twout + 3 (T1 )



= 53 +3



=
56C
5. (Energy Saving)

ES =

Eu x (TC11-TC12) x 1 x 6%
2
13,770 x 60-56 x 1 x 6%
2

= 1,652.40 kWh/

: 2C
6% ( 1)

25

6.

CS = ES x B


= x (B)


= 1,652.40 kWh/ x 3.6 /kWh


= 5,948.64
7. (PB)
I
CS

PB =

I =

2,000
PB = 5,948.64

= 0.34

4.5 5 (Evaporator)
: 3
: (Evaporator)
(Evaporator) 5C
:
1. (Evaporator)
2. (Evaporator)

(Evaporator)

(Evaporator) (Evaporator)
(Evaporator)


(Evaporator)
(Evaporator) 5C

26

 4.5 (Evaporator)

21

21 (Evaporator)

27

1.


EU = (LF) x (Pw) x (H) x (DY)



= 85% x 4.5 x 12 x 300



= 13,770 kWh/
2. (Evaporator) 4.8
( R134a 2)
(TE11) 15 C
3. (Teout) TE11

Teout TE11 =
25 15



=
10C


(Evaporator) 5C ( 10C)


(Evaporator)


(Evaporator)
4. ( 5)

TE12
= Teout - 5
(T1 )



= 25 - 5



=
20C
5. (Energy Saving)


ES = Eu x (TE12-TE11) x 1 x 6%
2


= 13,770 x
20-15 x 1 x 6%
2



= 2,065.50 kWh/

: (Evaporator) 2C
6% ( 1)
6.


CS = ES x B



= x (B)



= 2,065.50 kWh/ x 3.6 /kWh



= 7,435.80
7. (PB)
I


PB =
CS


I =

PB = 2,000
7,435.80


= 0.27
28

5.

4.1 - 4.5
7 3

www.ienergycenter.net

29

30

.....10 ... 2557....

22 4.1-4.5

6.

1. (Sight glass)
2. (Evaporator)

3. 60C


80-90C (
2552)
4. 60C

60C
(Base Load)
5. ()
()
6.
7.
COP (Coefficient of Performance)
23
(COP)

: Engineering Laboratories SABS)

23 (COP)

7.

31

 8
32

8.

24 (Evaporator)

1.
2.

3.

25 (Air Filter)

4.

5.

26

6.

33

 27

7.
8.



9.

TDS; Total Dissolved Solids < 500 ppm

pH


7.5 9.0

Cl - ; Chlorides

< 250 ppm

Cl2; Free Chloride
1-5 ppm

SO4-2; Sulphate

< 300 ppm

TDS
(Chlorides)


, ,



center.iie@gmail.com
www.ienergycenter.net
( www.ienergycenter.net)

34


,
,2551
,
, 2555

2552
Air Source/Hot water Heat Pump ,Energy Master, February 2012
(Dehumidification and Drying)
(Heat Pump) ; http//www.rarrantech.co.th
Crop Drying with Heat Pump; National Food & Energy Council, Inc.

35

 1 (Evaporator)
(Condenser) COP

(Evaporator) (Condenser)


(Evaporator) 20C (Condenser) 60C
2C (Evaporator) 1-1
2C (Condenser)
1-2

2C COP 6%
()
1-1 (Evaporator) COP

36

 1-2 (Condenser) COP

: Program Refrigerant Utility (CoolPack)

37

 2
2-1 R134a

38

39

40

41

42

 3 (Psychrometric Chart)

1. (Dry Bulb Temperature : DB)

2. (Wet Bulb Temperature : WB)

3. (Humidity Ratio) 1
4. (Relative Humidity : RH)

5. (Specific Volume : V) 1
6. (Dew Point : DP)
7. (Specific Enthalpy : h) 1 X
0 t X

2 ( )
Psychrometric Chart 2

1. (Psychrometric Chart Program)

2. (Psychrometric Chart)
(Psychrometric Chart Program)
1. (Psychrometric Chart Program)
http://psychrometric-chart-program.winsite.com/ 30

1 (Program Psychrometric Chart)

43

2. CYTSoft Psychrometric Chart v.2.1 New Document

2 New Document

3. icon Advanced Calculator

3 Advanced Calculator

2 (DB) 24oC (RH) 50%

(WB)

4 (DB) (WB)

44



(DB) 24oC

(RH) 50%

(WB) 17.0604oC

(h) 47.9

0.8541

(DP) 12.9489oC
Psychrometric Chart

5 (Psychrometric Chart)

45

 6 (Psychrometric Chart)

1. 25oC
2. (Relative Humidity : RH)
50%
1 2
3.
() 17.8oC
4. (Humidity Ratio)
() 0.009
5. (Specific Volume : V)
() 0.85
6. (Dew Point : DP)
() 14oC
7. (Specific Enthalpy : h)
( ) 51
46

 4 (Coefficient of Performance : COP)

CoolPack
1. Coolpack version 1.50

http://en.ipu.dk/Indhold/refrigeration-and-energy-technology/coolpack.aspx

7 CoolPack

2. CoolPack
Registration Cancel

8 CoolPack

3. Refrigeration Utilities icon Refrigeration Utilities

9 icon Refrigeration Utilities

47

4. icon Log (p)-h Diagram

10 icon Log (p)-h Diagram

5. (Chiller) R134a

11 CoolPack

48

6. icon cycle

12 icon Cycle

7. (COP)
(Evaporator)
Evaporating Temperature (Condensing) Condensing Temperature
13

13 COP

(Evaporator) 7oC (Condensing)

35oC Update COP 8.57

49

 5 Coolpack
1. Coolpack Refrigeration Utilities icon Refrigeration Utilities

14 icon Refrigeration Utilities

2. icon Saturation Table

15 icon Saturation Table

3. R134a Temperature Unit C Pressure Unit

Bar OK

16 CoolPack

50

4. R134a 11.3
R134a 44oC

17 R134a CoolPack

51

 6 1 3

90 3
3
(Balance Phase) 10
3
15

(kWh Meter) 1 (
500-800 ) 15 15
19

18

19 1 3

1. () T
1
2. (Neutral : N) 2
3. 4
4. 3

() = x 3
15

15
(Current Transformer : CT) ( 200-300 ) 3
2
100/5 100
5

15

52

 20

21 1 3

1. 1 1.5
()
2.
3. ( 2 2 ) 1 4
4. 1.5
5. (Neutral) 2
6. 3 ( )
7.

= x 3 x
100/5 20
100 100/5



= 100 x 3 x 20







= 6,000 kWh

53

54

55

56

57

58

 6 (Evaporator)

59

60

61