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Chng trnh chuyn nh bmp sang jpeg (Java)

Sinh vin thc hin : Trn Hu Nam Phng

Nguyn Ph Cng
Nguyn Vn Qu
L Th Mai
Lp

: LTU12A

Gio vin hng dn : Ts. Nguyn Tun Dng

H Ni, thng 12 nm 2016

Chng trnh chuyn nh bmp sang jpeg (Java)_a phng tin

MC LC

Nhm 01 Lp LTU12A

Chng trnh chuyn nh bmp sang jpeg (Java)_a phng tin

LI NI U

H Ni, thng 12 nm 2016

Nhm 01, Lp LTU12A

Nhm 01 Lp LTU12A

Chng trnh chuyn nh bmp sang jpeg (Java)_a phng tin

DANH MC HNH NH
DANH MC BNG
DANH MC T VIT TT

Nhm 01 Lp LTU12A

Chng trnh chuyn nh bmp sang jpeg (Java)_a phng tin

PHN CNG THNH VIN TRONG NHM

STT

Tn thnh vin Vai tr

Nhim v

Mc

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thnh

Trn Hu Nam Trng

Phng
nhm

98%

L Th Mai

Thnh vin

95%

Nguyn Ph
Cng

Thnh vin

Nguyn Vn
Qu

Thnh vin

T l
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95%

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Chng trnh chuyn nh bmp sang jpeg (Java)_a phng tin

CHNG 1. TM HIU V NH DNG NH

BMP V JPEG
1.
1.1.

BMP
nh ngha

Cc nh dng file nh BMP , AKA bitmap hoc divice independent bitmap

(DIB) l mt dng file nh ha dng li (raster) c s dng lu tr
hnh nh k thut s bitmap , n c lp vi cc thit b hin th ( chng hn
nh graphic adapter ), c bit l trn Microsoft Window v h iu hnh OS/2.
c to ra nm 1994.
ui m rng .BMP vit tt ca Bitmap Picture.

1.2.

c im

File BMP khng h tr tt vic nn hnh nh hiu qu.

File BMP c th d dng c c to ra t nhng d liu pixel c lu
trong b nh my tnh.
File bitmap d dng c dch ra thnh nh dng im (dot-format) cho cc
thit b u ra nh mn hnh CRT v my in.
S dng tt nht cho:
- Hnh nh s c mang i in n sau .
- Nu hnh nh ang c chnh sa v cn phi c cc layout.
- Nu bn cn gi li cc layer v cc knh alpha trong sut.
- Tt nht cho bt c loi hnh nh bitmap no (pixel-based).

1.3.

Cc thuc tnh tiu biu ca mt tp tin nh bmp.

S bit trn mi im nh (bits per pixel) thng c k hiu bi n. Mt nh

BMP n-bit c 2n mu. Gi tr n cng ln th nh cng c nhiu mu, v cng r
nt hn. Gi tr tiu biu ca n l 1 (nh en trng), 4 (nh 16 mu), 8 (nh 256
mu), 16 (nh 65536 mu) v 24 (nh 16 triu mu). nh BMP 24-bit c cht
lng hnh nh trung thc nht.
Chiu cao ca nh (height), cho bi im nh (pixel).
Chiu rng ca nh (width), cho bi im nh.

1.4.

Cu trc tp tin nh bmp.

Tp tin bitmap (Device Independent Bitmap) l tp tin nh vi nh dng c

bn nht.
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Chng trnh chuyn nh bmp sang jpeg (Java)_a phng tin

Tp tin hnh nh thng khng nn bng bt k thut ton no, khi lu nh cc
im nh s c ghi trc tip vo tp tin mt im nh s c m t bi
mt hay nhiu byte ty thuc vo gi tr n ca nh. Do , mt hnh nh lu
di dng BMP thng c kch c rt ln, gp nhiu ln so vi cc nh c
nn (chng hn GIF, JPEG hay PNG).
Cu trc tp tin nh BMP bao gm 4 phn:
-

Bitmap Header (14 bytes): Gip nhn dng tp tin bitmap cng nh nhn
dng xem file c b hng khng?
Bitmap Information (40 bytes): Lu mt s thng tin chi tit gip hin
th nh.C nhiu cu trc information khc nhau nhng ph bin nht l
loi 40 bytes.
Color Palette (4*x bytes), x l s mu ca nh: nh ngha cc mu s
c s dng trong nh. Gi tr ca x c th c tm thy trong
information.
Bitmap Data: Lu d liu nh.
1.4.1. Cu trc Header.

Cu trc header file:

{
bfType[2] : K hiu cho bit nh dng file l bitmap, l 2 k t "BM".
bfSize[4] : Kch thc file.
bfReserved1[2] : Khng s dng.
bfReserved2[2] : Khng s dng.
bfOffBits[4] : Offset d liu ca hnh nh. Tnh t v tr bt u ca ni
dung file l 0.
}
Minh ha:

1.4.2. Cu trc Bitmap Information.

Cu trc header nh:
{
biSize[4] : Kch thc phn cn li ca header nh.
biWidth[4] : Chiu rng ca bitmap
biHeight[4] : Chiu cao ca bitmap
biPlanes[2] : Number of Planes. Set to 1.
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Chng trnh chuyn nh bmp sang jpeg (Java)_a phng tin

biBitCount[2] : Xc nh phn gii mu sc ca bitmap. gi tr c th l 1
(trng en), 4 (16 mu), 8 (256 mu) , 24 (16,7 triu mu).
stuff1[16] : Loi nn (4 bytes) , kch thc nh 4 , phn gii theo chiu
ngang 4 , dc 4.
biClrUsed[4] : S lng mu sc s dng
biClrImportant[4] : Number of Important color
}
Minh ha:

1.4.3. Color Paletter.

Color Palette nh ngha cc mu s dng trong nh:
- Gm nhiu b c kch thc 4 bytes xp lin nhau theo cu trc: Blue
Green Red Reserved.
- Kch thc ca bng mu (4*x bytes) , x l s mu s dng trong nh.
- Note :
+ Bng mu ca mn hnh c th t : Red Green Blue.
+ Bng mu ca bitmap c th t : Blue Green Red.
+ Nn khi c bng mu ca nh bitmap cn phi chuyn i cho ng th
t.
1.4.4. Bitmap data.

Bitmap data dng lu d liu nh.

-

Cha gi tr mu ca cc im nh trong .bmp

Cc im nh c lu theo th t t tri qua phi trn 1 dng v cc dng

c lu theo th t di ln trn.

Mi byte trong vng bitmap data biu din 1 hoc nhiu im nh ty theo s
bits trn 1 pixel.

Padding bytes.
Thc t khi mt mng cc pixel c np vo b nh, mi hng phi bt u ti
mt a ch b nh m a ch l bi s ca 4. Nhng do ta ch c s dng 3
byte cho mi pixel nn mi dng c th kt thc vi a ch khng chia ht cho
4. V vy trong mi dng s c nhng padding bytes hn ch/b p s byte
Nhm 01 Lp LTU12A

Chng trnh chuyn nh bmp sang jpeg (Java)_a phng tin

thiu v m bo rng kt thc mi dng a ch b nh lun l bi s ca 4. V
d nh nh c kch thc 10x14 (14 l width) th padding s l 2 v 14 x 3 = 42
(nhn 3 v 3 l s byte trong mi pixel) v 42 % 4 = 2. Cn nu bc nh c kch
thc 3x4 (4 l width) th padding s l 0 v 4x3 = 12 v 12 % 4 = 0.

2.
2.1.

JPEG
nh ngha

JPG l 1 nh dng nh c pht trin bi JPEG vi mc ch l tr thnh nh

dng chun cho cc nhip nh gia chuyn nghip. Cng ging nh phng thc
nn file ZIP l tm cc phn tha ca d liu nn. JPEG chia nh bc nh
thnh nhng vng nh hn. Mt khi dng phng thc JPEG nn nh,
bn s khng th no tr li trng thi ban u.
Thng th cng ngh ny ch c dng vi mc ch lu tr nhiu bc nh
trong mt khong nh, ch khng dng chnh sa nh.
JPEG tr thnh nh dng ph bin nht trn Internet bi v cng ngh ni
trn c th nn nh rt nhiu. Gi s bn c 1 bc nh c kch thc 1MB , bn
hon ton c th nn xung 500KB hay 100KB , chnh l li th ca JPEG.
Ra i vo nm 1992

2.2.

c im

su mu t 24-bit n 16 triu mu
Thch hp to ra nhng file nh vi dung lng nh hn
Thch hp vi nhng hnh nh vi hn 256 mu
S dng tt nht cho:
- nh trng en
- nh vi mu sc phc tp
- nh tnh vt
- nh i thng, chn dung

2.3.

Thut ton nn nh JPEG

2.4

Cu trc tp tin jpeg.

JPEG c thut ton nn kh phc tp

N cho php cc chi tit trong hnh nh b qun i v c in vo khi hin thi
ln mn hnh
Mt ca con ngi c th cm nhn c sng v ti tt hn chi tit mu sc
Hnh nh JPEG li dng im yu ny trong mt ca chng ta gip nn file.
N hi sinh mt s mu tit kim dung lng tp tin. Qu trnh ny c
gi l Lossy Compression

Nhm 01 Lp LTU12A

Chng trnh chuyn nh bmp sang jpeg (Java)_a phng tin

CHNG 2. SO SNH BMP V JPEG

Chun nn Lossy
Chun nn Lossless
Ty chn khng nn
Grayscale
Mu RGB
8 bit mu (24 bit data)
Ty chn 16 bit mu
CMYK hoc mu LAB
Ty chn mu Indexed
Ty chn trong sut
Ty chn hnh ng
H tr nhiu layer
In n hoc Web

Nhm 01 Lp LTU12A

JPEG/JPG
v
x
v
v
v
v
x
v
v
x
x
x
C hai

BMP
x
v
v
x
v
v
v
v
x
v
x
v
In n

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Chng trnh chuyn nh bmp sang jpeg (Java)_a phng tin

CHNG 3. CHNG TRNH CHUYN I

NH DNG NH BMP SANG JPEG
1.

Ngn ng v cng c s dng

-

2.

Ngn ng Java.
Cng c : Netbean.

M t chng trnh.

a. Giao din chnh:

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Chng trnh chuyn nh bmp sang jpeg (Java)_a phng tin

CHNG 4. KT LUN

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Chng trnh chuyn nh bmp sang jpeg (Java)_a phng tin

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] https://www.stdio.vn/articles/read/523/bitmap-khai-niem-va-cac-xu-ly-co-ban
[2] https://blogchiasekienthuc.com/thu-thuat-hay/tim-hieu-ve-cac-dinh-dang-hinhanh.html#tim-hieu-ve-dinh-dang-anhbmp
[3]

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