CHAPTER 4 Liberalism lotaucton Bsc Libel Asumpdons 98 Sociological Liberals 100 Interdependence Liberals 103 Insiaional Liberia 108 Republican Liberalism ni Nereis Crisiues of Libel us ‘he Rete tele, 7 The Covntraack ofS 118 1B Summary LUberatism and World Order persis: The Current Research agenda fue ror 1s fothshe her tron ni Bal tera sumptions oa postive ven Trsosze seen fatcee @f world goth. Soallapeal Nowrala Hahah aneainl rowgovimetl ter fxteer soci, such ar carirunization twoehindiviauals ws rnween pups. ntrdaencnen Her py pote tonto to ecaamle ef i ie oie eae "fin nvrans einer pv four sndIntoduciontoinernaonl elatone oo Introduction: Basic Liberal Assumptions ‘yet chapter tebe adn in? The shane oe ko Thettt lon tf orem mon tou ont iret key tel ts ‘Rez pesnstcienetaim eos teins f ibe. The vn, aon cen eh foes onpoer and onic. Ths ae REEDS iesng ber ew How can Bhs eepini Why 2y ‘seth oa uw a Whar mens ab? “ebuifeuicon nmiscey come wth hee othe ode ie a ie eimng tobe Lakeibeseenee ny Haare men ciloadeyendcpasteconany tht wick Fee re uganda! ey Moder pos = se ctounangverm nimi geet were Seemann ule y te sce eaios op eect yodsing pt and matte Ta seal he nes learn wih TITERS ENE ce ore tal eet opps he me er wraemEadatsome sem in wilbngleeny Beant mos es, ‘Wyle tappines ee penesumie Ge weak489> "Sen eral epi viwolunansnhey hv a ah nua ee oie ettaroenl pnapcconteplil ones ls TRO NEREL Alaratnisacsinereted mdeompetive spagaie Boty aa ase any eres anc renga ok See ancy aol stately wich een eer ‘atime rho ake eter “Ttnpotcempoy ere eye hoe snr 18m han tes gris, a-stng wos 4 TeNnohsonrt hind cwgedtbe ter Eagond From bane, vais wesnelti Pee ie voters neuron ransomed nano x mesephrdi a ans GPestiar wendy nine nar eponed ue acs eer wot | SiStnpotsoucesetowspy sch ou ok ociivand hata. rem ararow eh Teer fen wna Rion tb Cfo oe procs hich © aston oes sce aint ony bu shad ost retérasce = | een nqar ise se esl pater Leurayrthin ses but a actos intermtionl boundaries. heather this believe hat _ ‘human reason can mph ve 5 hy dngree about ‘he magne of he obstacles on the way to human pengess Smith 1992. 209 Fores ‘oer Hower al bre gre tht ne long Jovem elaow ‘ster prev Thatisbecanse modern cana inases the ope and the ned tellus forecoperaion (Zacher and Matthew 195119). evous The elt tpg a coe ie ssampin. et kis abo x pola date among ‘eetaper bl (se Pll! 1971-13) How much progress? Sete and tecnologia far sn spac they ‘uta soc nd pli? What are thine of popes? Ae tee aye? Props forwhom? Asma nmr fiberal ounces or teenie weld? Thesropeand dene at cmtber Nol optimism a gids progres his Osctusted ever ine Many ety teas nee ‘gre Inco be thoroughly optimist; we hive ala noted the surge of wopian Hoes Seto sxowdshe Fist World Wa After the Seond World War, however ibeopsnion eee Sew and ‘move muted, Robert Keohane, for example caus nae that Mca alate iawelre eleven at es, ogres? (Keohane 19851 179), Ye there ‘improved ssanother surge af hbera optimism ale then ofthe Cld Wa propelby the noon sere That ot onthe defeat ofcommunism andthe expecteduniers tony tan eaeon of lvl democracy Puyama 198,192) However, the trviat atin n New Yok ied ate ‘se ashington of 1 September 201, flawed bythe she Mad, Landon ane overs, wheat asethack fr eral optim ropes or libris aways progres fo tdvduas The or concer of iberlsm s inhuman ‘hehappinessandcontniment of idl human igs fb ge ce web nl 05) coats. ange tat states exited o underrtethe bert of ie ctens and ths able theme eBay lve er and pure tht happiness thot onde infrence om ero ‘tive nt oat owas, wh se the state frst and foremost as aconcntaton nd ieee ee Tingeser of owes, a Macs, oer ce teste a costaonl emi 2 Recasna whch sinertable ‘thes and enforces ther of lav tt espe heights ef etn toe tery vad Sonactonly reper. Such constitutional suites woullerepect eather and woslddeleth cok Sih acceso of mel wlscion Tatar eee Jette an chet cetayEnghplnper —eenreT nce ‘sl Helin tt wath tonal neat soe ee Siete emo evita pas (ase oe Te ms fater ney ma nay ‘German plosopher He ough data word ee cont ed mull one tes Soils een eas pel pee wore vt 8a 0c42 summons elt nig cea bel See nse dng cls cml wh renee he malrncon- so ote tenet dessa ns pace ig eee ee wc The pce modern ings heap ore ee ‘nol onates Poon merase lr se seer ae Hommpsrs eon aden ey apittcseal a gs wilteieendnaaeIntroduction trations Rlsons vce i652-1700 —Bantharn(175-652) Kt 24-100 “herdeofy—Ubarstaasrempect_ ‘apts “ost ‘Serle papas ‘tn Chapter we presented the wopin oles bers of the 1928 Tis chapter focus el hry afte Ssond Word Wa es well ve pst-var iberalism {Seo four man sends of thnkingsoctologal Uber, inerdependence Moers, ‘Bauturco! Heal ad epublica brain (Nye 1988: 246; Kenbae 999%: 11 [ache ad Mathew 1995121. Te llwing sections of hichapter wil foes on exch ‘het tne be psn dee alte relevant sebily works demonstrate sect how contemporary Hoel thought bus on cs Wer! dking, Ou focus wralbe on tapas conrvuins tat spree each hesesrands Weave chosen his Ulvston nour major sands Beause we Sn tac dey ig ou the most portant spect cetera sab incerasonal lors ee Sociological Liberalism For ress, ithe sud of relations between the goverment of sovergn sates [Sovologia iets ree tis view ae too marly focused and onesidd. IR snot Ri athvnestte elton slo shou rnenaona atons Le retnsbeoween feo groups sod ongantzaion belonging tiferent counties, Weshoud ete ha this ras oso tr wel ste state, om any diferent pes of actor and not est ‘ato povement ss ed some to ena eral though by the ere puisLise ‘enero rations ar considered by sociological hens to be a incesingly ‘portant spc of intestinal elation (ce we inks 409 and 4.30), dfn wanmatonalsm flows the pecsses whertyinematonel Se Ace by govemmens hive been supplement! by rations ang pate nddaas ‘soups and socies that ar and do have lngortnt consequences forthe ne i events (Gosenaa 19801). tn focusing uarsnatioal lations secsngeal Wenrsceareee as lfieme inter thinking the notion Hat litons between pepe te re cooreg ae ore supporive of pece ha are rears Between maton goverment ced Cotsen, les nineten- ‘merization Inn alr age the possesion of etary and ample naarlresoures108 tnsaditon to ntrntnal Retains pth uy wo pes nda worl tat ological eae Fee nein and nani cop ae he Ks OSH Sr aly once comes of he peta peor te in eS ee et eran Thy reaned ome dona ay POMS a pnts coon een tet ST Yee imernonal dvs f abou aliwceee erepwde Se mes vowing sates Fora tongsns hee) ES SS, co Many me Sv Unonand the United taes, prs lion! a yrs where oi PS yell on racer dg Reet the en the Cal ros ae Inhuman al hs ess tact, Conse the ane soy pe en ey sates Ge web nl 6m anu sgh von cf brn he raion) a eelnce vests ad ha dicourags and euch sac ee len ia hat oder swe he WS ee Topi ets es races an lent efron Ook Bt apie at rpm es eee otis nt wa no oct SOE ely Pes lowe lee ofconomc lopment Tandon BSA aos radon, nd modeeztion anditrdependene arr Wh rs te od Wr i Many 15) orth aeons HS ee ng tha aes inerspendenc she fr of as WT cation peace ony ewe, pas romewbamae at orn Sn ey che experts, no by pcan, Th coer Would sa eas inane foes ars: nepts somemsnlcn: ons come exo colsboraion woul expand when he Fats om be sed orn We izes the wl ee teed om cet clan neon oman SY seprremen py ei tate t neat xp. So cae cy nl ode pola gration and pice ee We pinned nfm thoy of intratns epee et earn ic henag operation beeen the coun of Wer PSPS Tring uo mln verges estonia we) oe Sez om ol negauon Im do wth ging Famers AUST an ep peptongren a oes ly oi or 2 eon towerd ew cee es as FS Feaane nant png anal taeda 158 1). THe encom) aan en pene on the oun olla whe ese ore Fe al panne aes Spier oval ess PONS oe aay ova the pomoion fran ss Sw ot APS See a es of west xropean cooperation the 1950 andes he a te nore Wt European cooperation ce a Has oa ing Ts was a yo Preset de Gulle c Fones a es an seg trod onde Fenssighly quid Praag Sakon cece he itedeed ing oon, nal in sper Tat Totem the ding ‘and. ‘onal economy seco. Kode mary at hci 2 se aconig 1 Srobe bedom Freie ‘ol ther of al eben that eons fond devise he ‘oat, ance he papa esr tele panto hy In thar wy seve. hepa at ‘Sem faopeot “chk mates eres ott pala sco we ‘stone ys Dh fineaot ‘sed cope in “outa shu that pelos 1960 ong ise og seo Fane aire Fo Liberata snd nefenconal they dd not allw forthe postyof setbacks a cooperation ‘exertion theoists hdtorhink the ori coring Haas conde he eo lnteraton ought oe studied in lager context then of regional nepatonsugh > ‘esubornate toga theory of nerdependenc (as 1976: 179). Teas inde sucha general theory of imterdependece tat was atm in the next as in teal thinking. Bu we shou ale note that hors of inten have svn "evval nthe 1980s and 1990s due to «new momenta in West Eupean coopera (Mororet 1991; Tannin Mibkeeen 1991; Keohane and atimann 11), Aces tae fn these ren sedis cencers whether ington es explained by eal nolo, onal approach, orkya eis ppeock emphasising aoa intret Wet oat eta beeen eran relists below ‘An mbitoa atm ost forth a ene theo of what they calle pment etepemne was made he te 1975 In a bok Rat Keohane and Je Ne Easrwoductin to trations Ros ver and iedepedece (197; 2001) They age that poster complex intedeen se Ree een Kom car od sper nds of Inerdependenet ee unten elatons mee rected hy Sate es: ding with ote te ae any fe ws aba an opon inthe exe foc betwee ose see acdc The ‘gh pale of seca ae survival bad pity ovr the Tow ae of ecmumics and soc fs (Real end Nye 19772), Unde eonins of owe that no longer theese ad or two teases. Fist er secs owas oe not ony ot ever pray ions betwee t= ene ther ae elation om many dlerent eves ete ead ie bho of ransom ltns ween indivi nd satel se ericmore, rin Forc ales eal nent of POY aa sy afemples mrcprdence. *E ceurnlynreatonaleatons af ecoing more ke domes politics: Dirt eager onions both wit grements and cos them and nl dae of conf Pais docs no op at the watt egy (Kesne andNTe ae esol hese conf itary lore sieeve. Tore, power rouse eae aa manary ones ae of meeting tnortanc, for exmple, negotiating al oe pend cooper independence ates ecme more prscupled wth te Yo Part afte ondteasensemd wth the ihe fel seat pe 195: {e9; Keohane mate 1977 2-9, ii eeding od ast world and he aang ew wold of complex ne epee inBo= 47 Topseller moe eninge ain ae acoedingta Keohane and je (107: 29-38) seal onsequee loe Haare rates wl mot oe be specie ose aes. For example ‘ere acr company sl ze, Dek and Nowy wil command fot in Fe Capdangbeenox ol hinge meant and ak et but that fence try forsee tl zaman ‘vip seciy dovinons tegen ary ecuty wigan. ta BPE ‘onsen imeart een fohan tne Net