Nhm 2

TIU LUN
ti: NG DNG CC CHT HOT NG B MT
TRONG M PHM DNH CHO BABY

Nhm 2

MC LC
MC LC .................................................................................................................................. 1
ti: NG DNG CC CHT HOT NG B MT TRONG M PHM DNH
CHO BABY................................................................................................................................ 3
I. Gii thiu chung: .................................................................................................................... 3
I.1 Cc cht hot ng b mt l g?................................................................................... 3
I.2 Cc loi cht hot ng b mt ..................................................................................... 4
I.3. Cc cht hot ng b mt mang in tch m: .......................................................... 5
I.4. Cc cht hot ng b mt mang in tch dng: ..................................................... 6
I.5. Cht hot ng b mt khng mang in tch (non-ionic): ......................................... 6
I.6. Cht hot ng b mt lng tnh: .............................................................................. 7
II. Chn la v s dng cht hot ng b mt trong m phm. ............................................... 8
II.1. Ty ra: ....................................................................................................................... 8
II.2. Thm t: .................................................................................................................... 8
II.3. To bt: ....................................................................................................................... 8
II.4. Nh ha: ...................................................................................................................... 8
II.5. Lm tan: ...................................................................................................................... 9
III. Cc c im ca da tr em: ................................................................................................. 9
IV. Cc cht hot ng b mt trong m phm dnh cho tr em. ............................................ 11
IV.1. Sodium Laureth Sulfate:.......................................................................................... 11
IV.2. Sodium Lauroamphoacetate: ................................................................................... 11
IV.3. Lauryl Betaine: ........................................................................................................ 11
IV.4. Fragrance: ................................................................................................................ 12
IV.5. PEG-80 Sorbitan Laurate: ....................................................................................... 12
IV.6. Sulfosuccinat: .......................................................................................................... 12
IV.7. Axyl isethionat: ....................................................................................................... 13
IV.8. Alkyl amidobetain: .................................................................................................. 13
IV.9. Cc este polyol: ....................................................................................................... 14
IV.10. Cocamidopropyl Betaine (CAPB):........................................................................ 14
TI LIU THAM KHO ........................................................................................................ 16

Nhm 2

ti: NG DNG CC CHT HOT NG B MT

TRONG M PHM DNH CHO BABY
I. Gii thiu chung:
- Nc, cht lng ph bin nht lm sch, c c tnh sc cng b mt. Trong
nc, mi phn t c bao quanh v ht bi cc phn t nc khc. Tuy nhin, trn
b mt, cc phn t nc ch b cc phn t nc khc bao quanh pha trong. Sc
cng c to nn do cc phn t nc ti b mt b ko vo pha trong.
- Sc cng ny lm cho nc to thnh git trn b mt (knh, vi) do lm gim
ngm thu v hn ch qu trnh lm sch. C th nhn thy sc cng b mt bng
cch cho 1 git nc ln mt bn nm ngang. Git nc s gi nguyn dng v khng
b loang ra.
- Trong qu trnh lm sch, cn gim sc cng b mt xung nc c th loang
ra v lm t b mt. Cc ho cht c th lm c vic ny mt cch c hiu qu
c gi l cc cht hot ng b mt. Chng cn c gi l cc cht lm cho nc
ngm hn.
- Cc cht hot ng b mt thc hin cc chc nng quan trng ca chng trong
qu trnh lm sch nh lm lng ra, lm nh ha (phn tn trong nc), v gi cc cht
bn dng huyn ph cho ti khi chng b gi i. Cht hot ng b mt cn c th
to ra kim loi b cc cht bn axit.
I.1 Cc cht hot ng b mt l g?
- L cht c kh nng lm gim sc cng b mt ca dung mi cha n, c kh
nng hp ph ln lp b mt, c tan tng i nh.

Dng phn t ca cht hot ng b mt

- Hin tng c bn ca cht hot ng b mt l hp ph, n c th dn n hai
hiu ng hon ton khc nhau:
3

Nhm 2

+ Lm gim mt hay nhiu sc cng b mt cc mt phn gii trong h thng.

+ Bn ha mt hay nhiu mt phn gii bng s to thnh cc lp b hp ph.
- Mt tc nhn hot ng b mt l mt vt liu c tnh cht lm thay i nng
lng b mt m n tip xc. S gim nng lng b mt c th d quan st thy trong
s to bt, s lan rng mt cht lng trn mt cht rn, s phn tn cc ht rn trong
mi trng lng v s to huyn ph.
- Vic s dng hot ng b mt trong m phm c 5 lnh vc chnh ty thuc vo
tnh cht ca chng:
+ Ty ra.
+ Lm t khi cn c s tip xc tt gia dung dch v i tng.
+ To bt.
+ Nh ha trong cc sn phm, s to thnh v bn ca nh tng l quyt
nh, v d trong kem da v tc.
+ Lm tan khi cn a vo sn phm cu t khng tan, v d nh da hng
liu.
I.2 Cc loi cht hot ng b mt
- Tt c cc cht hot ng b mt thng thng c mt im chung v cu trc: phn t
c hai phn, mt phn k nc v mt phn a nc.

- Phn k nc thng gm cc mch hay vng hydrocarbon hay hn hp c hai,

phn a nc thng l cc nhm phn cc nh cc nhm carboxylic, sulface,
sulfonate, hay cc cht hot ng b mt khng ion, n l mt s nhm hydroxyl hay
ether. Tnh cht kp ny ca cc phn t cho php n hp th mt phn cch v iu
ny gii thch cho tnh cht ca chng.
- C th phn loi cht hot ng b mt theo nhiu cch, nhng c l hp l nht
l phn loi theo tnh cht ion, khi s c 4 loi:
+ Cht hot ng b mt mang in tch m (Anionic surfactants).
+ Cht hot ng b mt mang in tch dng (Cationic surfactants).
+ Cht hot ng b mt khng mang in tch (Non-ionic surfactants).
+ Cht hot ng b mt lng tnh (Amphoteric/zwitterionic surphactants).

Nhm 2

I.3. Cc cht hot ng b mt mang in tch m:

- Nu nhm hu c c lin kt bng ha tr cng vi phn k nc ca cht hot
ng b mt mang in tch m (-COO-, -SO-3, -SO4-), th cht hot ng b mt c
gi l anionic: cc x bng, cc alkyibenzen sulfonat, cc sulfat ru bo l nhng
tc nhn b mt anioni.
- Cc phn ng ho hc vi hydrocarbon xut pht t du m hoc cc cht bo v
cht du to ra cc axit mi ging nh cc axit bo. Trong dung dch, phn u ca
cht hot ng b mt s c mang in tch m.
- Cht hot ng b mt mang in tch m c bit c hiu qu cho lm sch cht
bn du v chuyn thnh th vn cht bn t, du. Trong nc chng c th phn ng
vi cc ion ca nc cng (calcium v magenesium) mang in tch dng dn n
vic mt tc dng tng phn.
- Cc cht hot ng b mt mang in tch m c s dng ph bin nht l cc
alkyl sulphate.

Nhm 2

- Cc cht khc c bit n ni chung nh cht hot ng b mt l alkyl benzen

sulphonates
I.4. Cc cht hot ng b mt mang in tch dng:
- Ngc li nu nhm hu c mang mt in tch dng (-NR1R2R3+), sn phm
ny c gi l cationic: clorua dimetyl di-stearyl amoni l mt v d ca nhm ny.

Cu to phn t cht Esterquats

- Trong cc cht ty ra dn dng, cc cht hot ng b mt cationic (mang in
tch dng) ci tin vic bao bc ca cc phn t cht hot ng b mt anionic (mang
in tch m) ti giao din ca nc v cht bn. iu ny gip lm gim sc cng ti
giao din ca nc v cht bn mt cch hiu qu dn ti vic loi b c nhiu hn
cc cht bn. Chng c bit c hiu qu trong vic loi b cc vt bn du m.
Mt v d ca cht hot ng b mt ng dng trong loi ny l h Mono alkyl bc 4

Cu to phn t ca h mono alkyl bc 4

- Hu ht cc cht ty ra l cht dn xut ca ammonium cn c thm tnh nng
st trng, l tnh nng c bit c ch trong bnh vin.
I.5. Cht hot ng b mt khng mang in tch (non-ionic):
- Cc cht hot ng b mt NI c nhng nhm hu cc ha trong dung dch nc.
Phn k nc gm nhng dy cht bo. Phn thch nc cha nhng nguyn t oxy,
nit, hoc lu hunh khng ion ha, s ha tan l do cu to nhng lin kt hydro gia
cc phn t nc v mt s chc nng ca phn thch nc, chng hn nh chc nng
6

Nhm 2

ete ca nhm polyoxyetylen (hin tng hydrat ha). Trong loi ny ngi ta thy
ch yu cc dn xut ca polyoxyetylen hoc polyoxypropylen, nhng cng cn phi
thm vo y cc este ca ng, cc alkanolamit.
ng dng ph bin nht ca cc cht hot ng b mt khng cha in tch l cc te
ca cc ru bo.

Cu to phn t ca cht hot ng b mt khng mang in tch

I.6. Cht hot ng b mt lng tnh:
- Cc cht lng tnh l nhng hp cht c mt phn t to nn mt ion lng cc.
Axit xetylamino-axetic, chng hn trong mi trng nc cho hai th sau y:
C16H33-NH2-CH2-COOH cht cationic trong mi trng axit.
C16H33-NH-CH2-COO- cht anionic trong mi trng kim.
- Trong tt c cc phn t y, phm k nc gm mt dy alkyl hay dy bo.
- Cc cht hot ng b mt ny rt nh nhng, do chng c bit ph hp cho
vic s dng trong cc sn phm chm sc c nhn v lm sch trong gia nh. Chng
c th l anionic (mang in tch m) hoc cationic (mang in tch dng) hoc
khng mang in tch trong dung dch ph thuc vo pH ca nc.
- Chng tng thch vi tt c cc loi cht hot ng b mt khc, c th ho tan
v c tc dng trong dung dch c nng cao cc cht in phn, axt, kim.
- Cc cht hot ng b mt ny c th cha 2 nhm in tch khc du. Trong khi
in tch dng lun l ammonium th ngun ca in tch m c th thay i
(carboxylate, sulphate, sulphonate). Cc cht hot ng b mt ny rt tt cho da.
Chng thng c s dng lm du gi u v cc loi m phm khc, chng cn
c s dng lm nc ra bt (ra bng tay) do c c tnh to bt cao.

Nhm 2

Mt v d cho cht hot ng b mt amphoteric/zwitterionic l alkil betaine.

Cu to phn t ca Alkil betaine

II. Chn la v s dng cht hot ng b mt trong m phm.
II.1. Ty ra:
- L mt qu trnh phc tp lin quan n vic thm t i tng (tc hay da).Nu
cc cht cn loi l dng rn dnh m, qu trnh ty ra lin quan n s nh tng
ha cc cht du c loi i v bn ha nh tng.
- Vi nhu cu lm sch da, x phng vn l mt cht ty ra rt tt.Theo thi quen,
ngi ta thng i hi c nhiu bt d n khng c chc nng g, kh nng to bt
ca x phng c th tng d dng bng cch thm vo cc acid bo mch di.
- Vic lm sch tc phc tp hn v trong qu trnh lm sch tc, th tch bt c
ng mt vai tr no . Sodium lauryl ether sulphate(SLES)l mt cu t thng dng
ca x phng gi u v s to bt thng c tng thm bng cch cho thm cc
alkanolamide. Cc cht hot ng b mt lng tnh c dung cho cc x phng gi
u chuyn bit.
II.2. Thm t:
- Tt c cc tc nhn hot ng b mt u c mt s tnh cht lm t. Trong m
phm, ngi ta thng s dng cc alkyl sulphat mch ngn (C12) hoc alkyl ether
sulphat.
II.3. To bt:
-

Nh ni trn, to th tch bt ln v bn, ngi ta thng s dng

SLES tng cng vi cc alkanolamide.

II.4. Nh ha:
- Mt tc nhn nh ha tt thng i hi phn k nc hi di hn tc nhn thm
t. Hin nay x phng vn cn c s dng lm tc nhn nh ha trong m phm
8

Nhm 2

do d iu ch. Nu mt acid bo c a vo pha du v kin a vo pha nc, khi

cc nh tng bn du trong nc d dng hnh thnh khi trn ln. Nh tng nc
trong du nh trong mt s kem tc thng c bn ha bng x phng cha kali.
Cc cht hot ng b mt khng ion cng c gi tr trong nh tng.
II.5. Lm tan:
- Tt c cc cht hot ng b mt trn nng CMC u c tnh cht lm tan.
iu ny quan trng khi cn phi kt hp hng liu hu c hay mt cht hu c
khng tan vo sn phm, v d nh x phng gi u. X phng, alkyl ether sulfate v
phn ln l cc cht hot ng b mt c s dng cho mc ch ny, tuy nhin cn
s dng nng cao cho qu trnh lm tan tt.
Ngoi nhng tnh cht ni trn, mt s cht hot ng b mt c nhng tnh cht
ring bit nh sau:
-

Tt c cc cht hot ng b mt cation hp th mnh trn protein v cc i

tng khc tch in m, v th chng c dng ci thin tnh cht b mt ca cc

i tng, v d nh lm tng cm gic bng v mt ca tc. Cc hp cht cation c
kh nng dit khun v c th c s dng trong cc x phng, gi u c bit v
nc sc ming.
-

Sodium N- lauroyl sarcosinat c kh nng c ch enzyme hexokinasc (enzyme

c lin quan n qu trnh phn hy ng trong ming) c s dng trong kem nh

rng.
-

Khng nn s dng hn hp cc cht hot ng b mt cation v anion do

chng c th to thnh cc mui cation-anion khng tan, ngay c cc cht hot ng

b mt anion cng c nh hng ln nhau. V d: bt sinh ra bi SLES c th d dng
b ph v bi x phng, tnh cht ny c ng dng trong cc cng thc cht ty ra
to bt thp.

III. Cc c im ca da tr em:

Nhm 2

Da ca em b l da mng hn, d v hn v t du hn mt ngi ln. N cng

sn xut melanin t hn, cc cht gip cc vng da gim chy nng. Da tr cng t kh
nng khng khun v cc cht c hi trong mi trng, c bit l nu n b kch
thch. M hi em b t hiu qu duy tr nhit bn trong c th so vi ngi ln.
Mt khc, hu ht tr t c kh nng phn ng vi cht gy d ng. Chnh v vy m
sn phm dnh cho b s sinh: c tnh ch yu l nh nhng vi tc, da v nht l
mt. Ngi ta s dng cc cht c hot ng b mt t hn v t l cht hot ng b
mt ng hot ng do cng b thay i. Mt khc ngi ta c th s dng cc cht
hot ng b mt du hn na nh cc este bo ca axit sulfosuccinic, cc este
sorbitan polyoxyetylen ha . l nhng cht lm nh du cho da, khng lm cay
mt, khng gy d ng da lm cho tr c cm gic thoi mi d chu.
Mt s m phm dnh cho baby.

M phm dnh cho baby c nhiu loi sa tm, nc hoa, phn thm, kem chng
mui, kem nh rng nhng loi sn phm c ch nht l sa tm v nc hoa

10

Nhm 2

dnh cho baby. Trong dng sn phm dnh cho baby nhn hng c yu thch v tin
dng l Johnsonsbaby.
Thnh phn trong nc hoa Johnsons baby:
Alcohol Denat: l dung mi c tc dng chng bt,gim nht, khng khun.
Water: lm dung mi hoc pha long thnh phn cn thit.
Fragrnance: lm sch da.
PEG 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil: hng liu
Thnh phn trong sa tm Johnsons baby:
Water.: lm dung mi hoc pha long thnh phn cn thit.
Sodium Laureth Sulfate: loi b du t da.
Sodium Chloride:
Sodium Lauroamphoacetate: cht ty ra.
Lauryl Betaine: to bt.
Fragrance: lm sch da
Citric Axit
Methylchloroisothiazolinone

cht bo qun

Methylisothiazolinone
Cl 42092
IV. Cc cht hot ng b mt trong m phm dnh cho tr em.
IV.1. Sodium Laureth Sulfate:

- Cng thc ha hc ca n l C H 3 (CH 2) 10 CH 2 (O CH 2 CH 2) n O S O 3 Na.

- L cht hot ng b mt anionic,bt ngun t du da Sodium Laureth Sulfate
loi b cc loi du t da c s dng lm mm nc, an ton v nh nhng.
IV.2. Sodium Lauroamphoacetate:
- C ngun gc t du da v c s dng nh mt cht ty ra.
IV.3. Lauryl Betaine:

11

Nhm 2

- To bt tt c s dng trong m phm v v sinh c bit trong du gi vi

tc dng nh du.
IV.4. Fragrance:
- Lm sch da m khng lm mt cc cht nhn sinh l t nhin trn da.

IV.5. PEG-80 Sorbitan Laurate:

- y l mt cht ty ra c chc nng nh mt cht hot ng b mt. V c bn
c ngha l n phc v nh mt tc nhn gip lm gim sc cng b mt trong
nc v thc y vic lan rng ca cc du gi. y l mt cht hot ng b mt tt
so vi cc cht ha hc c s dng trong nhiu du gi u nh natri lauryl sulfat.
N gip loi b m v lm sch tc nh nhng thch hp dng cho tr em.
IV.6. Sulfosuccinat:
R

O C
O

CH CH2 COO
SO3

- u im: cc c tnh ty ra tt, kh nng to bt tt, rt nh i vi da, khng

lm cay(mt).
- Khuyt im: xu hng thy phn nhm ester ca chng. Do tt hn nn
dng chng trong khu vc pH t 6-8 (l tng l 6,5).
- Tng hp nh phn ng sau:
O

O
O

ROH

O
OR
OH

NaHSO3

O C
O

12

CH CH2 COOH
SO3H

Nhm 2

IV.7. Axyl isethionat:

- Cc c tnh c th snh vi Sulfosuccinat. Cng cc vn v tnh n nh. t
ha tan trong nc lnh: u tin c s dng trong du gi u c.
R C O CH2

CH2

SO3

- Tng hp nh phn ng sau:

R C Cl

HO CH2

CH2

R C O CH2

SO3

CH2

SO3 Na

IV.8. Alkyl amidobetain:

- Kh nng tc ng trc tip mnh (c dng trong du gi tc bc v tc
nhum). Cc cht lng tnh v ion lng tnh t c hi v t lm rt da hn cc cht
cationic ng ng ca chng. Chng thng kt hp vi cht hot ng b mt khc
(cht anionic v NI) lm du gi u du nh (dnh cho cc b s sinh)
- V d: Alkyl amido propyl betain
CH3
R C NH (CH2)3
O

N CH2 CH2

C O

CH3

- S tng hp c thc hin theo cc phn ng sau y:

COOH

R C NH (CH2)3 N CH3

H2N (CH2)3 N CH3

CH3

H2O

CH3
CH3

R C NH (CH2)3 N CH3 + ClCH2 C ONa

O

CH3

13

R C NH (CH2)3 N CH2 C O + NaC

O
CH3
O

Nhm 2

IV.9. Cc este polyol:

- Cc este bo polyetoxy ha l cht thnh phn cn bn ca du gi u dnh
cho b s sinh (rt du). Chng gim n mc ti thiu kh nng lm rt da v cc
anionic c dng kt hp vi cc ete sulfat v betain. Rt tng hp vi da, kh nng
to bt c bit tt.
IV.10. Cocamidopropyl Betaine (CAPB):

- L mt cht tng hp c ngun gc t du da v dimethylaminopropylamine.

N l mt hp cht ha hc vi mt cation amoni. N l mt cht lng mu vng nht
trong sut nht v c s dng nh l mt cht hot ng b mt trong cc sn phm
tm nh du gi v x phng tay, v trong m phm n nh l mt tc nhn to nh v
lm gim kch ng b mt hon ton ion s gy ra.
Cocamidopropyl Betaine l mt cht hot ng b mt s dng thng xuyn nht m
khng gy kch ng da hoc mng nhy. N cng c tnh st khun, lm cho n thch
hp cho cc sn phm v sinh c nhn.. N tng thch vi cc b mt khc Cationic,
anionic, v nonionic.
Axit citric: l t nhin xut pht t tri cy v c s dng nh mt cht chng oxy

ho bo qun cc loi du trong sn phm. iu chnh pH ca du gi u gip

tc mt, c kiu dng p v sng bng. Axit citric c khong pH t 5,5, l mt axit kh yu
lm cho vic iu chnh d dng. N cng l mt cht bo qun ngn nga s pht trin ca vi
khun.

Stearic Acid: L mt Acid bo, c ngun gc ch yu t t nhin nn rt du nh

thch hp s dng trong sn phm baby.
Cng thc cu to:
Hay:

14

Nhm 2

Cng thc phn t: C 18 H 36 O 2 hay CH 3(CH 2) 16COOH

Polysorbate:
Polysorbate l cht hot ng b mt nonionic v l cht nh ha, c tc dng to dng
gel cho sn phm.
Cng thc cu to:

Cng thc phn t: C 64 H 26 O 124

15

Nhm 2

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Louis H Tn Ti ,Cc sn phm ty ra v chm sc c nhn, xut bn ln

th nht nm 1999.
2. Vng Ngc Chnh , Hng liu m phm, NXB i hc quc gia TPHCM
2005.
3. www.google.com
4. www.jonhsonsbaby.com

16