HW2 Soln

HW # 2 Solutions
1a)
Carry
X
+Y
Sum
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X
-Y
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Carry
X
+Y
Difference
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0
location
multiplicand
multiplier
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1 pp0
pp1
pp3
pp4
pp6
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1b)
1c)
+
Product
1d)
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Divisor
Dividend
Quotient
all previous alignments would produce a negative number if subtracted, so they are not shown. We begin showing work at the 29th attempt
sub => neg!

don't subtract
sub => pos!

subtract
sub => pos!

subtract
sub => zero!
subtract
Remainder
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2a)
s
X
+Y
exponent
0 1 0
0 1 0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
mantissa
0 0 1
0 0 1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
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0
0
0
1
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1
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0
1
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0
1
1
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0
0
1.125000238419 x 2 ^ -37
1.142857074738 x 2 ^ -54
Put larger abs value on top
1
0
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1
1
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1.125000238419 x 2 ^ -37
1.142857074738 x 2 ^ -54
Shift mantissa to line up exp

SRight 17 (don't forget implicit 1)
1
0
0
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1
1
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1
1.125000238419 x 2 ^ -37
0.000008702278 x 2 ^ -37
1
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1
1.124991536140 x 2 ^-37
1.125000238419 x 2 ^ -37
1.142857074738 x 2 ^ -54
1.125000238419
1.142857074738
1.285714507103
1.285714507103 x 2 ^ - 91
Add mantissa
don't forget implict 1
and sign!
X
Y
neg
pos
turn into
2's comp numbers
X
Y
Turn the result back

into unsigned numbers
sign = same as larger abs value

exp = same as larger abs value
mantissa and implict 1's spot
neg
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
No renormalization necessary
Result
2b)
1
1
0
1
exponent
0 1 0
mantissa
0 0 0
1
0
exponent
0 1 0
0 1 0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
mantissa
0 0 1
0 0 1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
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0
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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0
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0
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1
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1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
mantissa
0 1 0
Multiply mantissa
don't forget implict 1's
Only take the top 25 bits of multiplication
X
Y
Add exponents
real X exp + 127
real Y exp + 127
real X exp and Y Exp + 254
real result exp + 127
No renormalization necessary
Result
X
Y
0
0
1
1
1
0
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1
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0
XOR
s
1
subtract 127 to go back to (-127) normalized form
XOR signs
0
1
X
*Y
1
1
1
1
0
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1
0
1
exponent
0 0 1
3)
Class
A
B
C
D
E
Frequency
CPI- P1
33.33%
16.67%
16.67%
16.67%
16.67%
Weighted Ave P1
1
2
3
4
3
CPI - P2
0.33
0.33
0.50
0.67
0.50
2.33
Weighted Ave P2
2
2
2
4
4
0.67
0.33
0.33
0.67
0.67
2.67
Peak performance will be obtained when each processor executes a stream of the fastest instructions.
This makes the weighted CPI irrelevant. When P1 executes a series of intructions of class A, we get a
peak performance of 4,000 MIPS since the clock rate is 4 GHz. When P2 executes a series of instructions of
class A, B, or C, we get a peak performance of 3,000 MIPS since the clock rate is 6 GHz.
This makes the peak performance ratio of P2/P1= 3:4. In the best case P2 is slower than P1.
However, the question asked about performance of the system for a given program. In this case, we should use the weighted average CPIs. This would make the average
performance of P1 2G cycles/sec divided by 2.33 cycles/instruction = 838 M instruction / sec (MIPS).
Similarly, P2 would have an average performance of 3G cycles/sec divided by 2.67 cycles/instruction =
1,123 MIPS. This would make the average performance ratio of P2/P1 = 1.31.
In the typical case P2 is faster than P1.
4)
Program P - 1 GHz machine in 10 sec => 10 G cycles

Program P' - 1 GHz machine in 9 sec => 9 G cycles
We saved 1G cycles. Each time one multiply by 4 is replaced with two additions, we save 2 cycles.
Thus, we replaced 500 M multiplications with additions.

HW2 Soln

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HW # 2 Solutions

sub => neg!

sub => pos!

sub => pos!

Put larger abs value on top

Shift mantissa to line up exp

Turn the result back

sign = same as larger abs value

real result exp + 127

subtract 127 to go back to (-127) normalized form

Program P - 1 GHz machine in 10 sec => 10 G cycles

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