)(108-90

9 2014 1

) (18-8

.1 .

2013/11/17 :

2014/6/22 :

2014/6/24 :

- 18-8
. ) (3495
) (1678 ) (1817 .
.
)(
)(
)(
.
: .

).(2006

)(
(Van
).der Ven & Ellis, 2000; Raven, Raven & Court, 1998
) (Raven )(1938
) (1956 :

;(Brouwers, Van de Vijver & Van Hemert, 2009
) .Mackintosh & Bennett, 2005


).(Kunda, McGreggor & Goel, 2009
) (60
) : (
) (12 (Rushton, Skuy & Fridjhon,
) 2002

.

)(


.

) (Individual Test


. ) (Group
Test

90

 9 2014 1

) Comsa, Rusu & Balazsi, 2005

.




.



.
)(






.

) (Ijaz, Kazmi & Nazir, 2013

.
) (440
) (220 ) (220
)(15 - 12
.


.
) (Al-Shahomee, 2012
) (600 .




) (4.8 .

)(Kunda, McGreggor & Goel, 2009



.


) (2010
) (Raven

) (60 )
.(1989 )(
(Educative
) ability .
) (Reproductive ability

) (Raven, 2000


) (Court, 1983; Lynn, 2002

(Prabhakaran, Smith, Desmond, Glover, & Gabrieli,

) 1997

). (Brouwers, Van de Vijver & Van Hemert, 2009


) (1979
) (2001
) (2001
) (2005
(Abdel-Khalek & Raven,
) 2006
) .(2006
(Rushton & skuy,
) 2000

(Dobrean, Raven,
91

 ) (18-8

.





.
) (
.
) (2010

) (50-38 .
) (520
) (260 ) (260
.

) (0.801
) (41 ) (0.957
) (48



) (




.
) (2009
- -

) (1066

) .(2008-2007

.
) (G
) (%56.50
.

) (5.5

.%58.7
) (2012

) (SPM ) (RM


: ) (1200

) (25-6 .
) (400
) (8 ) (52
)(
.
) (2011


)(
) (485
) (26-16 .
.

) (96.8
) (95.8 .

) (91.8
) (79.4 ) (12.4 .


.
) (2010



) (393 ) (%29.4
) (1335
.

92

 9 2014 1

)( 0.05



) (IQ .
) (2009
SPM .
) (2600
) (21-8 ) (1800
) (800 ) (

.
) 21- 8( )(81
IQ
.


.
(Rushton
) & vorovi, 2009
) (608 )(65-17
) (418 ) (190

.
) (2008

.
) (1597 )(14-10






) (0.30
) .(0.894
-90-75-50-25-10-5) :
(95 .

.
)(2007

) (9
) (22



.

) (0.95

) (0.84 - 0.39
) (0.90 - 0.37




) (0.56 - 0.27
:


. :
.

.
)(2007

) (12 - 8

) (440 ) 218222
( .


.




93

 ) (18-8

-3

) (18 -8

.


) (
.
)
( ) (0.64) (0.85
) (
) (0.92) .(0.94


) 0.75 (0.89
) ( ) 0.69 (0.89
)(.

)(

) :
(
) (
.
.
.



.



.

:
-1 ) (

) (18-8
.
-2

) (18-8 .

)
(



.






) (18-8
.

:
Standardization
.

.


).(1977

:
-1

) (18-8
-2

) (18-8
94

 9 2014 1

:




.
Intelligence

)(

) (1991
:



.
Ravens

) .(1979




) (18-8.



) (2013-2012
) (18 -8.



) : (
) (18-8
)(2013-2012
) (233008 )(111836
) (121172
) (1

.

Standard Progressive Matrices

) ( ) (5 ) :
( ) (12


) 6 (8 .

1
) = (233008

97587
13580
48058
11700
170925

15865
4186
5328
3452
28831

33086
9581
11851
7565
62083

46851
6408
24252
5494
83005

50736
7172
23806
6206
87920

95

17221
5395
6523
4113
33252

 )(108-90

:
) (200

) ( . :
.
Muli-stage Random Sample

9 2014 1

) (3495
) (%1.5
) (1996
3 2
.

2
) =(3495

1464
204
721
176
3495

238
63
80
51
432

703
96
364
83
1246

761
108
357
93
1319

258
81
97
62
498

496
144
177
113
930

3
) =(3495

8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

17533
8865
8668
16350
8484
7866
17257
8690
8567
17076
8640
8436
17630
8882
8748
17394
8864
8530
17304
8900
8404
17255
9059
8196
33126
17536
15590
33726
18087
15639
28357
15165
13192
233008
121172
111836
96

263
133
130
245
127
118
259
131
128
256
130
126
264
133
131
261
133
128
260
134
126
259
136
123
497
263
234
506
271
235
425
227
198
3495
1818
1677
.

 )(108-90

)( )
(1978 .

9 2014 1

. )(
)(


) .(2007
Test Reliability


Test-retest
) (0.90 0.70
) (Test Validity

) (0.75 -0.40

) .(1984

Standard Progressive
Matrices

J. Raven
L. Penrose .


.
) (60

.
)(12
.

).(2000

) (8 ) (65

Cross

Culture
) Free-Culture-Test .(1984
)( )(

)(
. )(

)(

. )(

.
)(
)(

: )(1978



.




.

.

.



.


)-0.75
(0.85
97

 ) (18-8

:
:

)(18-8




.

:
-1 Concurrent Validity
Criterion Validity



) (.

) (1978




) (200
:

.




) .(0.01 - 0.05



) (0.48

).(1978

) (SPSS:

-
"" .


)( " -
-






.




.
:

.

4

)= (200

200

0.884

0.845

0.832

0.721

0.799 0.685

) (4

98

 9 2014 1

.

Factor Analysis Validity
) (Principal- Components Method
(Vaimax
) Rotation

) (5
)(
.

) (1978
) (0884 0.685 .
) (1989
)
(
).(0.75 -0.40
-2 )(Construct Validity

5
)( )= (200

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

0.655
0.698
0.660
0.621
0.696
0.646

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

0.616

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

0.621

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

0.666

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

0.646

0.636
0.602
0.661
0.566
0.531
0.516

0.611
0.652
0.647
0.626
0.606
0.644
0.625
0.636
0.516
0.514
0.512

0.665
0.621
0.625
0.651
0.662

0.613
0.622
0.651
0.544
0.533
0.510

) (0.665
) (%66.5
)(2005

) (G

0.625

0.615
0.625
0.651
0.662
0.521
0.525
0.562
0.525
0.522

0.509

0.662

0.616
0.660
0.691
0.693

0.569
0.555
0.543
0.526
0.522
0.501

) (Spearman ) (%68
) (2006 ) (%58
) (2009
) (%56.50
) (2010
), 0.45 (0.68
. %58.56
) (Al-Shahomee, 2012

) (%58.7
99

 ) (18-8

) (6
.

) (Spearman


.
)(

)( )=(200

)(
)(
)(
)(
)(

)(
1
0.647
0.710
0.620
0.761
0.756

)(

)(
1
0.696
0.695
0.613
0.746

1
0.692
0.693
0.723

) (6

) .(0.01 >
) (2007


.

.



)
.(2010

)(

1
0.600
0.702

)(

1
0.774

.
:
.1 ) ( Test- retest

) (200

) (0.880 .
) (Raven et al., 1986

) (65-8

) 0.90-0.80.(2010

:

)(18-8

100

 9 2014 1

7
) ( )(
)= (200

200

0.839

0.829

0.804

0.780

0.710

0.880

).(0.85-0.73

) (7
) (0.839 0.710
) .(0.01 >
) .(0.880
) (Dobrean et al., 2005
) (0.88
) (2001

.2 Split-Half

8
)(
)= (200

0.866
0.928

0.845
0.915

0.811
0.895

)-
( ) (0.928 0.847
.0.01 )(1989

0.744
0.853

0.736
0.847

0.801
0.889

).(0.90 0.70
.3 Cronbach alpha

) (9 .

9
)(
)=(200

0.793

0.767

0.755

0.696

0.648

0.885

) (0.885

101

 ) (18-8

) (2008
) (0.894
) (2007
).(0.95
:

)(18 -8


- -
.

-1



) (


) (10 .

10

) = (3495

8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

263
245
259
256
264
261
260
259
497
506
425

16.49

15

6.89

0.2

18.28

16

7.72

0.80

18.58

16

8.35

0.97

19.45

16

10.49

0.61

19.65

16

11.05

0.74

27.27

27

10.93

0.28

28.18

28

11.32

0.251

35.92

40

12.68

-0.58

36.47

40

13.15

-0.54

37.42

40

13.03

-0.63

39.77

40

13.09

-0.69

) (10

-2


102

 9 2014 1

) (11 .

""

11
"" ) (
) = (3495

8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

130
118
128
126
131
128
126
123
234
235
198

16.5
18.2
18.5
19.3
19.5
28.3
28.4
35.9
38.09
38.6
39.2

7.08
7.72
8.36
10.45
11.02
10.40
11.28
12.79
11.98
11.99
11.42

133
127
131
130
133
133
134
136
263
271
227

16.4
18.3
18.6
19.5
19.7
28.4
28.6
35.8
38.3
38.5
39.2

6.74
7.75
8.38
10.57
11.12
10.49
11.40
12.63
11.91
12.14
12.23

)(
0.084
0.115
0.130
0.115
0.147
0.095
0.012
0.028
0.129
0.004
0.125

) (2007
) (
)(
) ( .
) Al- (Shahomee, 2012
)(Ijaz et al., 2013
.
) (Court, 1983 ) (118





.

).(Lynn, 2002

) (11



.
) (2007
) (
) (Rushton & vorovi, 2009

.

) (Rushton & skuy, 2000

) (Lynn et al., 2004
) (12
) (14 )(17
103

 ) (18-8

).(12

-3

12
=)(3495

130

16.5

133

16.4

118

18.2

127

18.3

10

128

18.5

131

18.6

11

126

19.3

130

19.5

12

131

19.5

133

19.7

13

128

28.3

133

28.4

14

126

28.4

134

28.6

15

123

35.9

136

35.8

16

234

38.09

263

38.3

17

235

38.6

271

38.5

18

198

39.2

227

39.2

) (12


) (2001 ) (2001
) (2007 ) (2007
) (Abdalgadr, 2009
.

.
) (1998

-4


50 1025 5) :
(95 90 75
Raw Scores .
) (13) (14 .

104

 9 2014 1

13
) =(3495

8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

10

25

50

75

90

95

10

12

15

19

29

35

10

15

16

22

30.7

35.35

10

15

16

23

31.3

35.15

10

15

16

23

37

41.05

10

15

16

23

37

42.25

10

12

20

27

33

46.2

50.8

10

15

20

28

34

47

51

11

15

26

40

47

47

51

11

15.2

26

40

47

50

52.9

11

17.8

26

40

47

50

53.3

11

17.3

26.25

40

47

50

54.05

14
) =(3495

5
10 -5

25 -10
50 -25
-50 75
90 -75

95 -90
95

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

10

10

11

11

11

11

10-8

10-8

10-8

10-8

10-8

10-10

15-10

17.3- 11 17.8-11 15.2 -11 15-11

12-10

15-10

15-10

15-10

15-10

20-12

20-15

26-15

26.2-17.3 26-17.8 26-15.2

15-12

16-15

16-15

16-15

16-15

27-20

28-20

40-26

40-26

40-26

40-26.2

19-15

22-16

23-16

23-16

23-16

33-27

34-28

47-40

47-40

47-40

47-40

29-19

30.7-22

31.3-23

37-23

37-23

46.2-33

47-34

47-47

50-47

50-47

50-47

51-47 50.8-46.2 42.2-37

51-47

41-37 35.1-31.3 35.3-30.7 35-29

35

35.35

35.15

41.05

42.25

.

:

50.8

51

51

50.54.05 53.3-50 52.9-50

52.9

53.3

54.05

) 5(
)) (10 -5 ( )-10
) (25 ( )(50 -25
)( )) (75 -50(
)) (90 -75 (
)) (95 -90 (
105

 ) (18-8

) (
) (
.

)-95( )(
").(1979





.



.

:


.


.

(2009) .
- -
.
(2008) .

.
(2001) .

7-6
.281-251 (1) 17
(1978) .
.
(1984) .
. 2
.56-11
(2010) .


.401-365 (2) 22
(2006) .
- 18-16
.
(2000) .
.
(2006) .
.
(2011) .
SPM

References
"" (1979) .
" "

.
(1996) .
.
(2001) .


.234-229 21
(1991) .
. 8
.247 - 218
(1998) .

. (1) 13
.115-97
(2001) .

).120-89 (1
.
) (2011
.31-1 (2) 3
(1977) . 11
.
106

2014 1 9

Adolescents: Some Data from Estonia. Personality and

( 50-38)
.12
2 ( 1989) .
.
( 2005) .
17-12
.
( 2001) .

.
( 2007) .
( 12-8)
.31-10 6 .
(2007) .

.46-35 (34) 10
( 2012) .
.

Individual Differences. 36, 1249-1255.

Abdalgadr, A. (2009). Standardization of Raven's Standard

of Intelligence Among Secondary Level Students.

Journal of Research & Method in Education. 1 (4), 4045.
Kunda, M., McGreggor, K., & Goel, A. (2009). Addressing
the Ravens Progressive Matrices Test of General
Intelligence, Multire presentational Architectures for
Human-Level Intelligence: Papers from the AAAI Fall
Symposium (FS-09-05).
Lynn, R. (2002). Sex Differences on the Progressive
Matrices among1516 Year Olds: Some Data from
South Africa. Personality and Individual Differences. 33
(4), 669-673.
Lynn, R., Allik, J., & Irwing, P. (2004). Sex Differences on
Three Factors Identified in Raven's Standard Progressive
Matrices. Intelligence. 32 (4), 411-424.
Lynn, R., Allik, J., Pullman, H., & Laidra, K.(2004). Sex
Differences

on

the

Progressive

Matrices

among

Mackintosh N.J., & Bennett, E.S. (2005). What do Ravens

Progressive Matrices Test for a Libyan Sample.

Matrices Measure? An Analysis in Terms of Sex

Unpublished

Differences. Intelligence, 33 (6), 663-674.

Salford, Manchester, U.K.

Prabhakaran, V., Smith, J., Desmond, J., Gary, H., Glover,

Doctoral

Dissertation,

University

of

Abdel-Khalek, A. M., & Raven, J. (2006). Normative Data

G., & Gabrieli, J. (1997). Neural Substrates of Fluid

from

Reasoning: An fMRI Study of Neocortical Activation

Progressive Matrices in Kuwait in an International

during Performance of the Ravens Progressive Matrices

Context.

Test. Cognitive Psychology. 33, 43-63.

Social

Behavior

of

Ravens

and

Standard

Personality:

an

Attallah , S. E. (2012). Recalibrating and Restandardizing

International. 12 (2), 7-10.

the Standard Progressive Matrices Test Using Rasch

Raven, J. (2000). The Ravens Progressive Matrices:

Model.

Change and Stability over Culture and Time. Cognitive

International

Interdisciplinary

Journal

of

Education. 1 (10), 749-760.

Psychology. 41, 1-48.

Al-Shahomee, A. (2012). A standardization of the Standard

Raven, J., Raven, J. C., & Court, J. H. (1998). Raven

Standard

Standardization

International Journal. 34 (2), 169-180.

Raven, J. (2002). Spearmans Raven legacy. Testing

Manual:

the

Progressive

Progressive Matrices for Adults in Libya. Personality

Matrices. Oxford,

and Individual Differences. 53 (2), 142-146.

England: Oxford Psychologists Press.

Brouwers, S. A., Van de Vijver, F. J., & Van Hemert, D. A.

Rushton, J. P., Skuy, M., & Bons, T. A. (2004). Construct

(2009). Variation in Ravens Progressive Matrices

Validity of Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices for

Scores across Time and Place. Learning and Individual

African and Non-African Engineering Students in South

Differences. 19 (3), 330-338.

Africa.

International

Journal

of

Selection

Court, J. (1983). Sex differences in Performance on Ravens

and

Assessment. 12 (3), 220-229.

Progressive Matrices. Alberta Journal of Educational

Rushton, J., & Skuy, M. (2000). Performance on Ravens

Research. 29, 54-74.

Matrices by African and White University Students in

Dobrean, A., Raven, J., Comsa, M., Rusu, C. & Balazsi, R.

South Africa. Intelligence. 28 (4), 251-265.

(2005). Romanian Standardization Of Ravens Standard

Rushton, P., Skuy, M., & Fridjhonb, P. (2002). Jensen

Progressive Matrices Plus. Web Psych Empiricist.

Effects among African, Indian, and White engineering

Retrieved October 10, 2005, from. http/wpe.info/

Students in South Africa on Ravens Standard

papers.html.

Progressive Matrices. Intelligence. 30 (5), 409-423.

Ijaz, S., Kazmi, F. & Nazir, F. (2013). Culture as A Factor

107

( 18-8)
Van der Ven, A.H., & Ellis, J.L. (2000). A Rasch analysis of

Rushton, P., & vorovi, J. (2009). Data on the Ravens

Ravens Standard Progressive Matrices. Personality and

Standard Progressive Matrices from four Serbian

Individual Differences. 29 (1), 45-64.

Samples. Personality and Individual Differences. 46 (4),

483-486.

Standardizing Ravens Standard Progressive Matrices Test Used for Age Group
(8-18) Years on General Education Students in Gaza Governorates
Etaf Mahmoud Abu Ghali, Nazmi Aoda Abu Mostafa1
1. Al-Aqsa University, Gaza, Palestine

Abstract
The present study aimed at standardizing Ravens Standard Progressive Matrices test used for
age group (8-18) years in Palestinian society for the purpose of getting a standardized
instrument measuring intelligence. The study sample consisted of (3495) students (1678) males
and (1817) females enrolled in general education governmental schools in Gaza governorates.
Appropriate statistical techniques were used to identify the psychometric properties and to
elicit the Palestinian norms of the test. Results showed that Raven's test had high degrees of
validity and reliability. The results also revealed that performance mean increased with age
progressing, and that there were no differences in performance between males and females.
Moreover, it was shown that the participants' scores in the test tended to normal distribution,
and percentile ranks were best used for interpreting test raw scores.
Keywords: Standardizing, Ravens Standard Progressive Matrices Test, General Education
Governmental Schools, Gaza Governorates.

108