GSM

GSM


GSM

GSMW

KGSMW

WW
KGSM K
K K

GSM K

K K

KW
K W

W
K

KPower point

KW

- -


GSM

GSM

GSM J

GSM

Subscriber ?

?Identity Module (SIM)

SIMGSM

KSIM
GSM J J

GSM

?Switching System (SS)? GSM

?Base Stations System (BSS)?

GSM
E JFK?Network Monitoring Center (NMC)?
KGSM

Switching System (SS) W

?SS?

Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC)

Mobile ??MSC?

?PSTN? ?Stations (MS)

K?ISDN?
- -


GSM

other GSM
Networks

VLR

HLR

BSC

BTS

GMSC

Base Station System

(BSS)

EIR

MSC

BTS

AU
C

Switching System (SS)

PSTN

BSC

MS
BTS

Network Monitoring
Center (NMC)

Base Station System

(BSS)

GSME JF

Home Location Register (HLR) EF

?One Operator?
K

Visitor Location Register (VLR)

?MSC/VLR?

- -


GSM

K
K?VLR??MSC?K
Authentication Center (AUC)

?HLR?
Ciphering Key
K

Equipment Identity Register (EIR)

EF

?IMEI?

Base Station System (BSS) W

?BSS?

K ?Radio Connection?

Base Stations Controller (BSC)

?Paging? GSM

K?Handover?

K?MSC??BSCs?
Base Transceiver System (BTS)

- -


GSM

?Radio Interface??BTS?

Network Monitoring Center (NMC)W

Operation and ?

K?Network Management Center (NMC) ??Maintenance Center (OMC)

Operation and Maintenance Center (OMC)

K
WK

OMC-Switching Part (OMC-S) K

OMC-Radio Part (OMC-R) K

Network Management Center (NMC)

KK
GSM J J

- -


GSM

WE JFGSM

Mobile Station (MS)W

GSM

K
W

Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) K

K GSM ?SIM?

W?SIM?K?Mobile Equipments (ME)?

K?International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)?

K?MSISDN?
K?Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI)?
K?Location Area Identity ( LAI)?
K
K?Personal Identification Number (PIN)?
K?PIN Unlock Key (PUK)?
K?Ciphering keys (Kc)??Authentication keys (Ki)?
K?PLMN Frequencies?

Mobile Equipment (ME) K

K SIM
- -


GSM

K?International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI)?

K?MS?E JF




?MS?WE JF
WE JFMS
K? Vehicular Station? K

K?Portable (Transportable) Stations? K

K?Handheld Stations?EF K

Transportable MS

Handheld MS

Vehicular MS

E JF

Base Stations System (BSS)W

?BSS?

KGSM ?MS? K
W

K?MS? K
- -


GSM

K?Handover? K

K K
?BTS? ?BSS?

?Transcoder Unit (TRAU)? ?BSC?

KE JF?BSC??MSC?

Abis
BTS

BSC/TRAU

MS BTS

MSC

Abis

TRAU

Um

BSC

BSS

BSSE JF
Base transceiver station (BTS)

?BTS?

?Radio Interface?

K?Antennas? ?Transceivers? E F K?MS?

?Base Station Identity Code (BSIC)? ?BTS?

?BTS?K

W K?Cell Global Identity (CGI)?

K
K
- -


GSM

K
K?Frequency Hopping ?

?BTS?E JF
Transcoder Unit (TRAU)

?Rate Adaptation?

?BSC? ?MSC?

16 kbits/s64 kbits/s ?MSC?

K?TRAU?E JFK?BSC?

TRAUE JF
- -


GSM

Base Station Controller (BSC)

? MSC??BTSs?

?BTS?

?BSC? KE JF

BSCs .A-bis?BTS?
W?BSC?KBTSs
K?Channel Allocation? K

K?Link Quality? K

K?Signalling and Broadcast Traffic Control? K

K?Frequency hopping? K

K?Handover initiation? K
K?Call set-up? K

E JF
Mobile Switching Center (MSC)

GSM

WE JFK?MS?
- -


GSM

?Switching and Call Routing ? K

K

K?Paging Handling? K

K?Charging? K

.?MSC??BSS??Signaling System? K
K?BSSs? K

K?VLR??HLR? K

? BSCs? K
K

?Location Updating? K
K?VLR??MS?

K K

K?GMSC?

other GSM
Networks

HLR

MS BTS

(BSS)

MSC

GMSC

BSC

VLR

EIR
AUC

PSTN

(SS)

MSCE JF


- -


GSM

Home Location Register (HLR)

? HLR? K
W

K?International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)? K

K?MSISDN? K

K?LAI, MSC Service Area? K

K?Supplementary Services? K
K?Authentication Information's? K

Visitor Location Register (VLR)

?VLR?

?MSs? ?HLR?

?VLR? K ?MSC?
?MSC??MSC?

J J ?HLR?
WK

K?International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)? K

K?Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI)? K

K?MSISDN? K
K?Location Area (LA)? K

K?Supplementary Services? K
K?e.g. Idle? K

K .

- -


GSM

Equipment Identity register (EIR)

International Mobile Equipment ? GSM

K?MSs? ?Identity (IMEI)

?MSs??EIR?
W

W?Valid or White list? K

K

W?Suspect or Black list? K

K

W?Fraudulent or Gray list? K

K

?MSs?

?IMEI??MS??MSC?

?EIR??MSC?

KE JF

1. IMEI request

3. Checking IMEI

EIR

MSC/VLR

2. IMEI sending

4. Access / barring

KMSs E JF
- -

MS


GSM

Authentication Center (AUC)

GSM

?Authentication keys (Ki)? ?AUC?

?Ki?K?Ciphering keys (Kc)?

?SIM? ?IMSI?

?HLR??AUC?K?Security Parameters?
E JF?OMC?

WK?AUC?

KKi K

KKi K

K Kc K

E JF

- -


GSM

GSM J

K??
Cellular Structure J J

K K

??

.?Handover?

E JF K
W

Um

BTS
MS

BTS

BTS

BTS

MSC

BTS
BTS

BTS
BTS

BTS
BTS

BTS
BTS

E JF
- -


GSM

WCell

E JF K?Cell Global Identity (CGI)?

K

KE JF

?Hexagonal Cell?E JF

(Overlap Region)EF

(Dead Region)EF

E JF

- -


GSM

W
Omni directional Cell K
?BTS?

K 360

KE JF

BTS

BTS

BTS

BTS

BTS

BTS

BTS

E JF
(Sector Cell) K

K
KE JF

BTS

BTS

BTS
BTS

BTS

EF

EF

E JF
- -


GSM

K KE JF

Location Area (LA)

?Location Area Identity (LAI)?

?VLR?

KE JF

Location Area (LA)E JF

MSC/VLR Service Area

KE JF?MSC/VLR?

K?HLR??MSC/VLR?
- -


GSM

?MSC/VLR?WE JF

PLMN Service Area

KE JF MSC/VLR

?Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN)?

K






?PLMN Service Area?WE JF

GSM

- -


GSM

KE JF GSM

?International Roaming?

?GSM?E JF
Basic cellular concepts J J
W
K
K
K?Frequency Re-use?

K
K

K
- -


GSM

K ?Cluster?
K

Cluster Concept

?Cluster?

K ?Cluster?
E JF
KG A

?Cluster?
K

G
F

A
E

C
D

?7 Cell Cluster?WE JF
- -


GSM

W
K i 2 j2 ij

(2.1)

?Integers? j i ?Cluster? K

W
i

WWE JF

j = 2 and

i=1

W
W(2.1) ji
k = i2 + j2 + ij = 12 + 22 + 12 = 7 Cells

Signal attenuation with distance

E F K

K?Re-use Distance (D)?

Frequency Re-use

EF

PLMN K

E JF K
?Cluster?
KGA
- -


GSM

W?Cluster?WE JF
j = 2 and

i=3

W(2.1)?Cluster?
K i 2 j 2 ij
K 32 (2)(3) 22 19 Cells
G
F

B
A

F
C

D
G
F
A
E

B
A
C
D

( -)

KAE JF
- -


GSM

?Cluster?E JF

KGA?Cluster?
Re-use Distance ( D )

G
F

B
A

C
D

G
B
A
E

C
D

Cluster 1

Cluster 2

E JF

D/RK
?K? ?Cluster?

W?D/R?

D
3K
R

(2.2)

?Re-use Factor ? D/R

KRD
D

(2.3)

3K R

WE JF
. 1 Km
- -


GSM

W
K
D
3K 3 7 21 4.6
R

K
=

= 4.6 Km
Handover J J

E JFK
K

E JF
- -


GSM

GSM

WGSM

?GMS?WE JF
GSM 1900

GSM 1800

E-GSM 900

P-GSM 900

GSM 800

1850 1910
MHz

1710 1785
MHz

880- 915
MHz

890 915
MHz

824 949
MHz

1930 1990
MHz

1805 1880
MHz

925 960
MHz

935 960
MHz

869 894
MHz

~ 16 cm

~ 17 cm

~ 33 cm

~ 33 cm

37.5 cm

2 60 MHz

2 75 MHz

2 35 MHz

2 25 MHz

2 25
MHz

80 MHz

95 MHz

45 MHz

45 MHz

45 MHz

200 kHz

200 kHz

200 kHz

200 kHz

200 kHz

300

375

175

125

125

270 kbits/s

270 kbits/s

270 kbits/s

270 kbits/s

270 kbits/s

up-link

down-link

Wavelength

Bandwidth

Duplex Distance

Carrier Separation

no. of Channels

Transmission Rate

- -


GSM

K K

K K
K K

W K

FDMA and TDMA J

TDMA JFDMA J

J J J J
W

J J J
W

J J J
WGSM

J J J
W P-GSM 900

300 J175 J124 J373 J

WEuplinkF P-GSM 900

890-915MHz J 880-915MHz J

935-960MHz J

W GSM 1900

175 J300 J373 J124 J

K= 7
2749.5m J 5956 m J

1520.3m J

W R= 600 m

2454.5m J

WGSM
- -


GSM

BSS JEIR JVLR JMSC J

WGSM

AUC JBSS JHLR JMSC J

WGSM

AUC JBSS JOMC JMSC J

WGSM

AUC

JBSS JVLR JMSC J

ASK J
J

WGSM Modulation

GMSK JMSK JFSK J

WGSM TDMA

J J J

W P-GSM 900

J J J

WGSMK

W GSMK

GSMK

BS

BS
- -


GSM

BS

BS

GSMK

BSCK

BSCBS
BSC

IMEI

- -