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    Joshua Chung
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    Medieval Music; Historical Studies

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    Medieval Music; Historical Studies

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    4 views7 pages

    Brown Medieval 1989

    Uploaded by

    Joshua Chung
    Medieval Music; Historical Studies

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 7
    Introduction “Thenudyofthe aay meicvl music wa performed centre. wo principal est 1) sen Ge lon oh rien es ‘hea sound the st kenes esr, Auge sal probably never ‘oc cern ofthe precise sonerises of much medieval mie, we can ‘eonsteut sme secs of meal wd moe or les accurately through [Solel soap the evidence: We can be fy etain that we know, fr ‘etme the sco some singing group, how many men ad boys morally ‘a pect in ts pevormance of plinchane or polyphony, parca hells, monn saabnc abd princely chapels and even ce faite anges mrs how many ase, how many ens and how Sry feo tins a . “Other pects a medica snority we may never Know fr ceria. 1 ict tolagie how we an ever Bnd ot how medieval singers soonde Sieh theyre sng wih what we would eal ud or of, heavy © Tight somes wlcther they normally wood ead or chest tones OF some ‘Combination othe wo, wheter or aot they sed vibrato, and what pesely ‘hers gn anc mean when hy veered on ee so igh and Gea or “Sl ther aspect of medieval sonoriey can nly be reconstructed by feverpreing the aviale evidene im wage that te uly to sete “Simple scent anne shar or permet No consensus hs Ye ‘Stcled, ise io eee tr example, aout the question a hee fc inotrumente compe singers im the pemaner of secular mos ‘Some schalars del ole wit he stay fhe ong ofthe oubadours Sisoutres br lample woul deny tht seamen ag have been {edt astmpuy thi feperoy, ldbough pesentday peor soups {ite regia secompany media omni ecla sog with stro ‘Nema pla drones per and Ineriode, and to double the vios Itcrphonia® Mort resetyy se sche Have agved hat inst tment slJom uc never asoepanid seal plyony inthe [4h or 1th ears The work bas shown that pefemances of medieval ecu fulphony by wnaccompaned vs merch more common than we ave Fie suppose bu ii sn sear beter instruments were excladed from thisteyesery alogeter, Whatever the meri the arguments on both Sides the pric pont to be age eres that such eutal questions of Dformane pic ve stil oder debate, and the questions ae nt ey (oie resolve guiky or easy We ean only hope that this hao resents he present state te fonroverty aa and balanced manner 3 outed iueerpect eeidhetece then ie ee cen rears will centre an the ways we should interpret evr that i hy ix ttre highly sigs aM quinn ein the srt evens abl te trate ipa a every ther schtry eeu, shu rat ‘hve tha ft as many the knoe pte evidenespsie tha fad, we need to dean’ in al the lind formation we ean Bet since all Eases of evidence ean surely contribu to en o pha the ‘timensonal view (aditecly always slighty tonal sad coloured by ‘own preceupeions) of pat nae. Lirty and ionogaphal source, {ella archival corde and the sea machen, ns al be Called upon for what they can elo about the Mile Agen Siac they ate all products of the same society, al hee kinds of evseace shoud {implement and nat contac ane another the bat hypetses wl be thee aa mnt in aot sd nebo aie otc apparent "Even the formulation ofthe second ental question fing students of Defrmance practice =the Ylatonsip fhe wren note ta aa sounds evel the lations and laser ofthe dacpine fr makes cen that wera forced to deal with oly prt of medheval msi" hat sich Svived in writen form Thetis been ety ast We masta the surviving sources, then, ot only whether or mot the when version fetes an aboltely ed intention othe compres bur aso bow the Surviving fepetorir relate otha maces the 2th 18 and Uh enrures but no longer svat iter ecu the manus that nae have ben ls brane tw and imu that ws never smitten down. The stay of pertrmance practice mas them ake eco a ‘perry that can wo longer be rept, und sak how they mee “The rete part ofthe study of medieval performance practise mist, of ‘oure continue to dealwithotted mc. "To whit extent hou Imanusripr evidence be ake as eral ude to what wa soured? Di ll feels (or some ser) dite recaly the mots we which parla Svlabies shouldbe sang?* Were malting lowe to oracoeat the ‘ots on the page oF were they expec, or ried, to oament them? ow many accidentals and of wha ins were singer ad isramentaits ‘expected oad to the weten nots" De the otaon sages ee Sie ‘corte shh for he performance of psinchant i som rcs or inonaste exablshment, or the penmene ef some Kinds af ela Ionophonic music Di the notin incorporate prc indiaton ew {as te music shuld be performed, or what exaiy the pltonship war Seven iin oe mtn a ma in a orn af the questions tht face aden of meal perarmance practice, Some of them can and wil be anrwerel by caret consideration of the suvving evidence by salar an prt, “There are some tapects ofthe selasomhip between aces and sound, however, that we shall probably never know, Prevey how sing and Instrumentals phase in the 12d ith and 14th auc, wheter they ad atything ke our concepon af shaping «paseo example whether (8 oot they tolerated or Even encourages ligt changes of temps fr ‘ ‘eapecasive on foetal veumunn, wheter they cultivated (ape mina Mae aerate ts mal a aap Soe chem! Feet mao nes ern sehr ordinate id Freee at eee a ae i ec res eo ne tr ci eee eat a ers AG a gio pete med al stingray ata eat egin eke Fels ah rane mt se Samet ah arty boty ae Soi ay ag Mae orate eoaree Sora atten soe Schr i fee Oecd Stan ce cal sen dear mane Sd eee tea aera pte fon Ee ae cag! Ais Giclees ba a ee a cael bp bean soe prea ania ali te on ae SEL a eee Se cao ate Sorta Stra roa ee ale dna “Scere baptism Feel ied ng fae int rw Aa ang iba Be Dao econ Aaa 5 ‘for both sorts of minatrela included members of various clases of wucicty. An ‘oceay charter par oe eperoy ome nts nnd thet arate nog they sang ncuron wel ose re ‘ites thruboutwentern Eutape And they tay ave devoped rey {Sty inte ory of wena Eccpean ms so soonest renee {salmon ene nvriten and probably rely prose. Ines Tange prt of thi repertory may have sonst par mpoved song and dances, a cheumnance that maker hse sty of mines me pone tds Faly polyphony maker op the most important surviving repertory secaar musi he 13h sad 4h cure bat we shuld org that ‘cular polypheny was 2 tately Ite development inthe sory of ‘Wester mua, and may wel hve ben the spt reserve af sal gop af inclectas and sents Prema some tte mote an the ees for tate cations wer ero pub i he Lh eet at {he teat raha we bnow late lelsout the oeasns we 10 einury motes were perimmel® The gent osoming of payphone ‘eting of vernacular oom hat tok plc inthe 1h cetuy blk ay tnd in France =the fret schievement ofthe buena and mite ‘Gulu de Machautin Fans and ofl ce of musa a she ete an hr cho laa Pans andad of general sical cure at encouraged sone rca wee iim matic oe, Sad steal, sate br enon 4 perry of polyphonic cou ve songs Sect conseration othe soil wr ef msc and of the clase of people om pry pins wee tnd "san mee the way musi was pefrmed ne Stat pase Such questons Sree ‘ul o our understanding ofthe pertornance of red manor Important now whether spared cham or pice of rel ploy ‘ie perme nly in ona sxe sega seh oo ‘thea or every par os parla county a 2 prea me Moteove, we cannot ase that ery prt of ared mai was imei ‘par ofthe regular le of Mass sd Os ptr in ger Chueh fstblshments yearn and year ot for many oe mow eesti a ompasions prove to have been dxigued for ramen or pre urge ‘xzation votive Manes, wedding serve coonaton feral delicriona fa church, sacred serve acne home secular bay such a ‘intent oro se daring procasons ofr mystery plays Dierent ‘cof conveation wil urey have Revert the permance Of muse ‘within che church wal wih We can atsume T think, that mich, and perhape most, of the seelar ‘mas that survives ~ bath menopbonic and pulphonic = was intend or Peformance in uppe-el socey, tony at ours ha on he hoses OF the greater urges, oly because much ofthe lowe das mus ‘ould ever have been ween down, ceri ot arma it he et Ltholgis and clegant preston mame Dat make up te gage Part ofthe suring musa aioe fom se ith and Ih cence = 5 ‘Wenge pry correct emphasiae the ict that upper-lae sie wae tech ta concer a sot we are aed rom he Th and $iheutres, Medel pape mot go reat temples of music to si {uly while petiole pertrmeds Be othe oer hand, we need lige’ na es tnt al acular mas in the Mile Ages sas aise an by smi bal oat ee feat to eis ha much wpper-ase muse was pr artcrats in hen, it witout the ace of prea ot ‘hecoun enjopent ofall gathering inpadena, place hal ad he ‘Bomber a frou house But we shoul also emerber that probly the ‘move regula vera for secular misemang inthe Nie Agen was the “ining oom or banqueting hal, when proeional mutans performed ‘er"rcatimes fn sore oles Hamad preentations™ Some of thelr ‘perry may well have Deen tat mune spec tomigstres unwriten ‘hap and’ dnc and the recaton of long decamed naraiver = bet iol ely oe damn th onc se {Eel compose, wien? seo the srt we study nthe mamas "url u thems of wel sce) inthe Mile Ager =the mesic svt nt try ethan een dt Sher of music psfommed in taverat, lds and ity sects ~ lrg Rete e indo. Tobe ure sabe Faget of he ede repectny Strvve sme fr popular sony were moporsted into te ar must the {Sth sod T4uh cre andere an therein the geen anoles of Compare pelyiony 8 sribe has jel down 3 song, = dance of an invrumencl pl cociatelwith that part lot hat wasnt orally erent age weal says ema ceo he Ie pled an sng Uy the poser segment af mc eventhough me ‘esd wo hep thie sia nothaes sivaye i mind when tying the ‘Pesemancecomenton ofthe Nida Agent we mien the sureeing ‘idence and cone that payphone eourty or sacred manophons was Fert documented by apehive, Irae. descipions aod Fare which nay Be lenge derent "abd ow ost" nd Sm The central pblem in saying the way the music ofthe distor past wat pene cones the pasty af source of nino. the hs place, tig man wae gnerly inci owes he paedear ad he erjday, The batned diacourse of the Nile Ages was normaly bout Uigher things mance toner ar + pare ofthe unversity corel, fr "kame or aa race a a exponion f what ety would cal the “her mun Ietamly vay ely tha 13th: oeentery writer oo sro ntl tation abt ramen, rau he ty Inde wat pestemed. A Inc the mest important mera eats that [nua H performance pacer given the end hs hencbook, bor the let argely reed (or precsel reasons) Uo trates that mention mustaliarunente Some ofthe larmation peat otherwise Fiber convents tenis, an psig vemaia or addenda. Jerome | Moravas tor empl, nae this Tra demas, wre tn Pai out 130 oi inespriented Damien the cory and practice chant fw remarks expning the tuning of the medieval Ble, the 7 eof ony ha if Jom em : ‘a aot mil y “Bie mi 815, f0) sboot he way pacha sn account of mune in Pare dig the 1th century int eae of ing ‘hd the anonymous author of te Betey Trento, wring ‘Sour 1585, tnt deal abet neunent in eat a depres ‘any way fm aon,” These ad th here sea the this walame repress wits, bu there ar afew he ‘hich hey eval eomimon prs Siew of the wort mon tthe ea In the absence of extenive theoretic! dla sclarman ureuotberKindsofleiene eal, i ‘in even anhopsogl or ehnomenclotel Some pe Te geen have bed ther wwe of he way medieel muse sess perhaps ofthe may should be pened) on use cee dnc caus and Wester sce with eng oad Past 8 Fhe reno and weakete of spat of view havent been Teta since no reasoned explanation and defence bas Beek witha i adherence preumaly fering the force of an aly rata theory. Apparently, flowers of is anwopeogital and 00 EES prom otmetcal performance practe tase he practices 00 eeeepe louse ary tru) tat he way one society als with SeaiveEemamivel and sential monopbente repertory (hat a repertory cna un hgh clare ofthe West) bax mech to teach stents wrth sce Thia ew of perormance pace as not been widely cee ee cetaiy community, pethap ast case as not been hh he ahr sures of nema tow etme prt aceite ungetsKeraty aod eomepaphial ofl valable clus about CESS prec fate Midale Ages but each bas pts and into Thaflocmentaon,unortontey not sx copious forthe Nile Ags | BEI perish te viru hate etal and much of may ees bane seen al cyst the nanesnton of ra es Many the seen fat he peemance of cola mnie del with stat ‘ARS amemonk The archives ean ell us mc, bt they ‘mo ell everything we want o know ind of Herel oy aed epecially rina, castomates iy hegu, Hiab ae kel to reveal in AREY ye Reanim hen snes tok pr parca see, Bett te actu and they are even more apt tobe true than ar Literary erence is equally tefl to historians of performance, ee Baseain aplication: although In comply dierent way rae ee cumention, May autor of works 0 imaginative ies aoe acces mvc and ve and narrative poet of various Kits a ote ad musa practice fen stant ote an ir SRC Neer bur before we ean trust cooclaigs denen om fictional samo wnt fe esl the rastonhip between the author’ Foon hat eaty, War the autor atempsing 0 desrbe the musa EEF nme of war he evoling sme more oles datas past chat tay never actly have exited? Was e pres fal tom 9 ‘etsonal beervaton or from ame purely iterary tradition? Ws he fering ‘more rl ascrae acount of what Be thought posible andrea or we Ieexaggerating fr effet? We mun in shor emt rudy Iiraysouee for {hemes bere we ean ute hem i docunenary evence. Even passages eating wi mie in nonseonal ome sworks encyclopedia, ‘honey, hres and tenses of one Kind or motber = ano lays be ‘ele to give us the eral tt for sometimes they to, merely boom From some ser tadion And even when we ct behere aha of Terry wer, we do at alway ow wha they mean Ty oot lays Ime cee, for example whether vers such ao 9) (aa) and 0 sng (enon) ce aking ming, ing gg Srsruments, and Sey do ot always flr to parla netrument na ‘hambiguoue way. We cannot alway demanstnte precly what te !uthor ef Iterary work intended to ign by» parcns worl ot tem Tcongrapy has Unitas sarin sce to thos theo ease a evidence tres can enlighten about Seal maseal racic thet Would not thers ele rom verbal deseipton, bat we chnnot ys Be catia we Know wits pcture mean tan to what Fepey a write oe unwritten msi is imagery apps, As with eratare, nda Dictres mst Bee be studied for betes and ome est made fetermine the extent to which hey ty have tome alegre syetaco bterwise on-ealinc ‘meaning’ "And acaars ‘nee to sere Soares fom which the arti deve his image, hehe bila cement = Basic commentary age work ofiaginae literature or merely a let Ered arse Waditon Even afer a thar sate to unervan the ‘meaning of picture he mast take pt detonate why he thins the ‘tiene apps to some parla eer Tn shor scholar sting the petrante practices of he distant past most cast thei ets wide learn fom wherever they an nad ada forming composite petite ofthe stare oi the Middle Aes om 05 Inge ol intranet. mt athe tay oF fora dove eading ots sgl ext can he highly mined, unr eco Feat to others ite and sme hype aut the nature te fonvenonal procedures ofthe time, For we mast remem that (ane ‘Stents of mic style oe competion! gern) weave less emcee to ‘Sy lo the extaarinary exception tht daze and lights us chan ‘Weare w dcover the (piel the cnnenont andthe average "Wis atu that msi ots om paper or parchment) Sono cnstate rota tony ie ea mn utr nc ptr anc [performed again, Ulimaely, we cannon peel ow msn the {hy Sik and ith etre Sal sounded. Bt there an enormns smoint of evidene sil to be studied, od we must mae the sem fd ‘ut at much as we psy can about the performanes meer mae ‘Spl wo chat we can understand ie beer, apd kt we peepee ts Imeting” And we mae ep in io the fash tee of binging thse suns back o hein the 20 century ones tally iernt Kd ‘questions and problems rm he ak datos how the sews fst Seemed 0 Noes chun oho we cata ham sch see se Dover Tae Pering Sy eed erat Ms mig Toe SSS ce ements Ac geminata tn Feo mr apiece eee cer rine Sa et foamy cc arco Ll pecs tae echt ae Spee ees ‘Sintec prance ae mah ner de ned en come Se eee eer erat ace a EEE cers oe ee Pea SoS oes nar ti des Sort rie a eceaieees ner intone SEee oorecan eereaee ne Poel Socket pyr ahr eS Sec eam ESS ee Fede, rots Ge hy ne sgee erinnereene Se emacs nce esr Soe one oe ees " et tng cared Cae nga Pa ab i Se ea aa mae eee y aa art a ce EES perce aie pore ire Sele tas ia ketone Att My me Ce (Lend, en 1383 by ED seer eae a a re pert fot tee reheated re aegranis a toe samenioee wile Seieeimeeeseerit ue wines re eee eee ee eel eS wires opie rene veces int ‘5 he peramtan orp Fe ER, Te Peormane Ps See SOR RS erie menos : ri a ie S'S oa Se ee a ee re ‘atte hone eck Th apt RE eaetira es see tee eat noes inna tunaetettan tet pets rae k ta lt et Rare lf ed Boater te Ep it er omy rd ly ole (a er Sl cn nag LC Bt Sneeaean nae den re ee rhe aml nk, Ln Pm re a tom Sac esl ee ate ay et ma, sc nd Gey ated rita ‘elton demas an a Fr sei SC a as a ‘Rie ev ee ar) sd Bec Wen a Be seu ft) pan rae aon he pes rom P.M a a hee rai ee sn ty mt {una k, ydo Hghe Tay aE dn Sls ai a ar 2 Sept akc a a sea Tot? mh ett Yerba re a ete Ores beg he Stef re Sac FT, ge) and a, ‘Mata Stor tl Mica, (Fai, 197% Eng eam 13). sae ct apn ass be sd owe aah oe Se eee aoe et eee SRS egies eo a ‘Gaels (Ne Ye nM ng Sie Ri ae een eons ‘ional afc cafe cn akan ong et Mee in Ket Se ee esr oiler pte mean oly mas SASS ang pense a Saree SEG nemo etna ne eet ofthe al en the imams eon ana ie ae oor idan ass (Senate me Sie rae meer ag eircom OO e—~—~— Sei ieieman aie bie ene Siti hte poten nse iy Seen iu ‘heccatscs ha! bape wth dv of mantel eos pert eam ne Seerana cece mace Sinan wg (tie pene Soe ESEaie ences i eae SE ey et dnc tee Svea eiraes peas sees See raceme ee irene Caen eg SS ata aac nals ge cee amination tr Bet dar Mecheuimsighct wm Bore vo Siena Rein dea 13, Jahren’ Aw, wil (1801), ate tore teint te eo of ant at as rao epee fel om ‘Seco cpl oda ht sow wt nb eed abot mi nd sow he ern an ety wn Fara nanan oe Seen et i eae re Panui 2 Theme yeas wt ow Me [p's ac nd Pens Fh Sara, Yate ood Es, dn ne be Se (Fs “aca ep an ac at eared hm ema ‘peer i Fane de Reber Grin, i hl ge ‘Semen ramen vay coy Rar Met. Dio aed nor” Zu rae Tomax ene mite he pute Done Dla ere, SF chem, hs rim, dh ut: iy snr el ein can in tf fis Fenn rgunge i bet" WenseRay ‘te an aca et, ng eat Fae She ie i) Wain eps fe Mae Ss sere Ji eto Se Kanne cm i ‘ier boa nd he cm in he mw Yaron a usa mrp, ae a Instruments “The study ofmual instrument a an apt of prfrmance practic sil ints itany Tobe sure several exelent surey of masa struments the Mid Ages andthe Renalsane have rece ben writen, a 2 [umber of ne sd plosaking stir ofthe fen af particular instar {ent ee oenclrure, thee srcrral ta, cee iting and the ‘plying techniges eve Geen published, snd dacunon contnuce best {hse problems among bulders,maseam curators, performer and scholars Maclfor hs we hes appened inthe several exile jourals devoted ‘nhl or in par to rsech into use inatoments, such av the Gale ‘Shy fora ety tne and more teeny the foal af te Aen Mista "tntranat Sty "andthe Bator fbick fr bse Mas “To form plaorbe hypothe, ort reach deen contusions aout the way musi arunens wre actualy xed in the, Mile Ages, over we ns a) to know whic ieatraments exited at particular times nd place, (bo wrt eons of evens the Rtory of Instruments rpcaing when each was invented or inradae no the major Earopen units (0) to dette the character and plying teehngue af each ‘tutu ind ow they changed Gon county country ad rm eary i century (ree fom dade to decade Isat pe, an) traments ied rom County to county, and which veperois of ena viene wee regulary atied wih sree ad ‘hich were mo ‘Simpl liste he israments ken o each pantry in every century can lovey ell ans ating pn fr stdying te msi practices of he Midd Agee wl or example to compare apd contrast the invruncnts oi Uchecury Tly with tore of France. We can acquire a {oral presto ofthese Tein ieatraments Dy Maing 8 cn Ete thre pruned on Landin'stmbatone, those tht adorn he onder is port in the Square Codex (ee ieation oer those Ae yin ane ppd et airmen amen they Tiukentury cory ows Laligece, and those sen in punings

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