PETROVIETNAM

M PHNG NG VN CHUYN KH T NHIN

BNG NG NG P SUT CAO
KS. Nguyn Hunh Dng1, TS. Nguyn Hunh ng2
Tng cng ty Kh Vit Nam
2
Trng Cao ng ngh Du kh
Email: duong.nh1@pvgas.com.vn
1

Tm tt
Qu trnh vn chuyn kh t nhin bng ng ng cao p, dn kh mt pha t ni khai thc v ni x l c xy
dng m phng thng qua lp trnh gii h cc phng trnh m phng mt chiu (1D), p dng cho lu cht kh t
nhin c xem xt chi tit cc thng s c tnh. Nhm tc gi s dng phng php gii tun t cc phng trnh m
phng ng dng kh t nhin v ngh n gin ha phng trnh cn gii gim thiu thi gian tnh ton, p
ng c yu cu ng dng thc t cng nghip. Kt qu thu c trong nghin cu ny so snh vi kt qu tnh ton
s dng phn mm thng mi chuyn dng cho thy, m hnh xy dng trong nghin cu ny c sai khc tng
i l 0,41% i vi p sut, 0,39% i vi lu lng v 0,29% i vi nhit ca tuyn ng, y l 3 thng s quan
trng trong qu trnh theo di v d on cc thng s vn hnh tuyn ng dn kh 1 pha, sai s cc i l 3,1%. S sai
khc ny ch yu do cc gi nh vt l v khng do cc thut ton hoc xut n gin ha m hnh ton hc gy ra.
T kha: Vn chuyn kh 1 pha, ng ng dn kh cao p, phng trnh trng thi, m hnh truyn nhit, m phng ng.
1. t vn
Hin nay, kh t nhin c xem l ngun nng lng
cho tng lai, l ngun nng lng ha thch t gy hiu
ng nh knh v cc tc ng mi trng nht so vi cc
loi nhin liu cng ngun gc. Thnh phn ca kh t
nhin ch yu l cc hydrocarbon v mt s t cc tp
cht. Trong quy trnh cng ngh x l kh t nhin, mt
trong nhng vn lun c quan tm nghin cu l ti
u qu trnh vn chuyn kh v phng php vn chuyn
kh t nhin bng ng ng [1].
Ti Vit Nam, nhu cu s dng kh t nhin ngy mt
tng cao, lng kh c cung cp t ni khai thc n
ni ch bin v tiu th ch yu qua h thng cc ng
ng dn kh [2]. Vi c im tuyn ng cao p, vic xc
nh v o c cc thng s trng thi ca kh nh p sut,
lu lng, nhit v thnh phn kh ch c th thc hin
c ti hai im u v cui ca tuyn ng. Trong khi ,
qu trnh ti u, vn hnh, d on cc tnh hung phn
phi kh ca ton b tuyn ng dn kh cn bit c tnh
ca dng kh trn tng im theo khng gian v thi gian
ca tuyn ng, s thay i p sut, lu lng v trong mt
s trng hp cn bit nhit ca kh trn tuyn ng.
Thc t cho thy, qu trnh o c v xc nh thc nghim
thu c cc d liu ny khng phi lc no cng thc
hin c, do , mt trong nhng phng n c u
tin s dng l xy dng m hnh ton hc cho php m
phng d on cc thng s cng ngh ca tuyn ng
thng qua cc d liu c tnh ca dng kh t nhin v ca
tuyn ng. Xy dng m hnh cho php m phng chnh

xc qu trnh vn chuyn kh t nhin trong tuyn ng p

sut cao, chiu di ln cng rt quan trng trong vic xc
nh cng sut thy lc ca tuyn ng. Khi tuyn ng dn
kh c xy dng, cng sut vn chuyn c xc nh
thng qua cc thng s p sut u vo v u ra, cng
vi cc thng s v dng chy ca tuyn ng. Kt qu tnh
ton cng sut vn chuyn ca ng chnh xc s m bo
vic ti u vn hnh v khai thc h thng tuyn ng [3].
Mc ch ca nghin cu ny l xy dng chng
trnh m phng ng, p dng m phng d on cc
thng s gm lu lng, p sut v nhit bin i theo
khng gian v thi gian ca h thng phn phi kh hin
c ca Tng cng ty Kh Vit Nam. Trong phm vi bi bo
ny, nhm tc gi gii thiu kt qu xy dng bc u
m hnh ton hc c s cho php m phng h thng
tuyn ng dn kh mt pha, c th:
- p sut vn chuyn kh n 200bar, di tuyn
ng cho php n 400km, c tnh kh t nhin gn ging
vi kh t nhin hin c ca Vit Nam;
- Ton b m hnh m phng c xy dng s dng
chng trnh MATLAB, c giao din n gin, d s dng;
- xut n gin ha cc phng trnh p ng
thi gian tnh ton nhanh, nhng sai khc khng qu 3%
so vi kt qu thu c t phn mm thng mi chuyn
dng ang c a chung s dng m phng h
thng ng ng dn kh hin nay. Trong nghin cu ny,
nhm tc gi so snh kt qu m phng vi phn mm
thng mi nh Pipeline Studio.
DU KH - S 8/2016

51

CNG NGH - CNG TRNH DU KH

M hnh ton hc cho php m phng ng tuyn

ng dn kh c ng dng trong theo di vn hnh
tuyn ng dn kh t nhin. M hnh ny ng vai tr rt
quan trng trong vic kt hp h tr pht hin r r ca
h thng. Do , xy dng mt m hnh m phng
chnh xc, tin cy v thi gian tnh ton hp l l cn thit
c th ng dng tnh ton lin tc theo hnh thc m
phng ng.
2. C s l thuyt xy dng m hnh - M hnh dng
chy 1D
M phng qu trnh vn chuyn kh trn tuyn ng
di v p sut cao thng c thc hin thng qua vic
gii h cc phng trnh 1D c tnh n qu trnh truyn
nhit ca lu cht kh b nn v tnh n nht ca kh.
Cch gii h phng trnh ny c m t chi tit ti cng
b ca Thorley v Tiley [4]. C nhiu phng php ton
hc c xut s dng m phng qu trnh vn
chuyn kh trn ng ng 1 pha. Do tnh cht phc tp
ca m hnh, thi gian tnh ton v chnh xc ca kt
qu tnh ton lun cn c s cn i, cn nhc phm vi
ng dng. Vic xy dng m hnh tnh ton m phng
cho php thu c kt qu vi chnh xc thch hp vi
thi gian nhanh chng lun l ch nghin cu c
xem xt [5].
Trong , phng php sai phn hu hn l phng
php gii gn ng cho thi gian tnh ton nhanh nht,
kt qu tnh ton khng sai lch ln so vi phng php
gii chi tit, tuy nhin bc tnh theo thi gian yu cu
phi rt nh [6, 7]. khc phc nhc im ny, Poloni
[5] s dng phng php Lax-Wendroff, phng php
gii ny cho kt qu n nh trong ng dng m phng
vn chuyn kh t nhin nhng thi gian tnh ton li rt
lu v khng p ng c yu cu cng nghip. Bisgaard
et al. [8] s dng phng php sai phn hu hn i
vi h thng ng ng dn kh t nhin di 77km, s liu
m phng cho sai s rt nh so vi s liu thc nghim,
u im ca phng php ny cng c Osiadacz v
Yedroudj chng minh khi tin hnh so snh cc phng
php gii khc nhau ng dng cho m phng tuyn
ng dn kh [9]. Helgaker [6] khuyn co, khi gii h
cc phng trnh khi lng, ng lng v nng lng,
c th gii ng thi ti thi im tc thi, v nhit l
thng s ph thuc p sut v t trng kh, cc thng s
ny c xc nh thng qua m hnh nhit ng, v d
phng trnh trng thi. i lp vi phng php gii gn
ng, Gato v Henriques [10] ngh phng php
gii chnh xc hn, s dng vi phn bc 3. Phng php
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DU KH - S 8/2016

ny hin khng c ng dng rng ri do thi gian tnh

ton khng p ng c yu cu cng nghip.
n nay, c nhiu cng b nghin cu v thut
ton v lp trnh gii h phng trnh m phng tuyn
ng [11 - 13]. Cc nghin cu gn y tp trung vo m
phng ci thin cc tnh cht vt l ca kh t nhin trn
tuyn ng hn l ci thin phng php gii s hc [14,
15]. V d, Langelandsvik [16] xut ci tin phng
php d on h s ma st nh hng n tn tht p
sut khi lu lng vn chuyn kh ln, ci thin kh nng
d on lu lng tuyn ng thng qua tnh ton bin
thin nhit nc bin theo thi gian v ci thin cng
thc tnh ton nht [17], hay ci thin m hnh truyn
nhit v d on h s truyn nhit mt cch chnh xc
hn [18]. Chaczykowski xem xt s nh hng vic la
chn m hnh nhit ng n kt qu tnh lu lng kh
trn tuyn ng [19] v s nh hng ca m hnh truyn
nhit tnh n qu trnh d on nhit ca mi trng
xung quanh tuyn ng [20]. Tuy vy, p sut xem xt ch
gii hn 84bar, trong khi ti Vit Nam, p sut kh t
nhin vn chuyn c th cao hn 100bar.
2.1. Phng trnh dng chy
Trn c s tng hp cc nghin cu c cng b,
nhm tc gi tin hnh k tha v kt hp cc u im
ca tng mng tnh ton c trong m hnh. H phng
trnh cn gii trong m hnh dng chy 1 chiu, c tnh
n h s nn, nht v truyn nhit ca lu cht bn
trong ng c tnh trung bnh trn mt din tch b mt
ng nh sau:
Phng trnh dng chy (continuity):
p ( u )
+
=0
t
x

(1)

Phng trnh ng lng (momentum):

( u)
t

( u2 + p)
x

f uu
2D

pgsin

(2)

Phng trnh cn bng nng lng (energy):

(3)
Phng trnh (1) v (2) c th hin dng bo ton,
trong khi phng trnh (3) c bin i ni nng. Phng
trnh (2), thnh phn u tin ca v phi phng trnh
l h s ma st (f); thnh phn th hai l gc nghing ca
tuyn ng (sin). Trong phng trnh (3), thnh phn th
nht ca v tri c trng cho phn nng lng chuyn t
nng lng c hc thnh nng lng nhit; thnh phn

PETROVIETNAM

th 2 c trng cho hiu ng Joule-Thomson, l hiu ng gim nhit

khi c hin tng gin n; thnh phn cui ca phng trnh c trng
cho qu trnh trao i nhit gia kh t nhin v mi trng xung quanh
ng, vi h s truyn nhit tng U (W/m2K) v Tenv l nhit mi trng,
Tgas nhit dng kh t nhin.

Trong :

2.1.1. Gii phng trnh cn bng nng lng

cv: Nhit dung ring (j/kg K);

C th phn thnh 2 nhm phng php gii phng trnh cn

bng nng lng l phng php gii tun t v phng php gii
ng thi. Khi tin hnh xy dng m hnh m phng vn c
quan tm xem xt l s tng quan gia chnh xc ca kt qu thu
c ca phng php gii v thi gian tnh ton cn thit thu c
kt qu, khi yu cu ng dng cng nghip va phi c chnh xc
tng i ph hp nhng thi gian tnh ton khng qu di. Khi so
snh v thut ton gii, Helgaker [6] kt lun phng php gii tun
t c th p dng cho vic tnh ton m phng tuyn ng dn kh 1
pha, cao p, di m khng gy nh hng ln n kt qu m phng.
Kt hp vi kt lun ny, nhm tc gi cng xut n gin ha mt
s thnh phn c trong h cc phng trnh thng qua cc gi nh
gn ng, s dng phng php sai phn hu hn gii cc phng
trnh (1), (2) trc, sau gii phng trnh (3) v gi tr nhit s
c tnh ton cp nht cui cng.

g: Gia tc trng trng (m/s2).

2.1.2. M hnh bt ng nhit ton phn

i vi h thng ng ng dn kh t nhin c ng knh ln,
p sut vn hnh cao, chiu di ln n vi trm km, m hnh bt ng
nhit ton phn thng c la chn v kt qu d on bin thin
p sut v nhit trn dc tuyn ng gn vi s liu thc nghim
hn so vi cc m hnh tnh ton khc [21]. Trong qu trnh tnh ton
m phng vn chuyn kh t nhin trn tuyn ng, p sut p (bar), lu
lng kh m (kg/s) v nhit T (K) l cc thng s thng s dng nh
l bin s. Vi phn theo bin ca p sut, lu lng khi lng c chi
tit nh sau:
(4)

(5)

(6)

Z: H s nn ca kh t nhin;
R: Hng s kh (j/kg K);
D: ng knh trong ca ng (m);

p dng cc phng trnh tnh ton

gn ng s tm c gi tr nhit phn
b trn ton b ng ng, cc gi tr bin
s c tnh ton theo bin thin khng
gian v thi gian, nu chn gi tr bin thin
cng nh th kt qu tnh ton cng chnh
xc, ng ngha vi thi gian tnh ton s
tng ln.
2.2. Phng php tnh h s ma st
H s ma st (f ) tnh n lc ma st gia
lu cht kh t nhin i bn trong ng v b
mt ng dn kh. H s f thng c xc
nh theo phng trnh Colebrook-White
[22] nh sau:
1

2log

2,51

3,7

Re f

(7)

Trong :
e: nhm b mt ng ng;
Re: Ch s Reynolds.
xc nh h s f, phng php gii lp
c thc hin trong m hnh. Nhm gim
thi gian tnh ton trong m hnh xy dng,
nhm tc gi s dng phng php tnh gn
ng hm ton hc c trong chng trnh
MATLAB.
2.3. Phng trnh trng thi tnh ton cc
thng s c tnh ca kh t nhin
tnh ton cc thng s c tnh ca
hn hp kh t nhin, qu trnh tnh ton
cn c cc thng s ca hn hp kh gm
thnh phn ca cc cu t c trong hn
hp kh, cc thng s ca cc cu t tinh
khit v iu kin nhit ng. Trong m
hnh nhm tc gi xy dng, ngoi cc
hydrocarbon thng gp c trong thnh
phn kh t nhin, m hnh cng p dng
DU KH - S 8/2016

53

CNG NGH - CNG TRNH DU KH

cho cc hn hp kh t nhin cha cc cu t nit v

carbon dioxide.
Phng trnh trng thi c s dng ph bin
nht trong cng nghip du kh l phng trnh SoaveRedlich-Kwong v Peng-Robinson [23]. Theo nhm tc
gi, n nay ch c Chaczykowski [19] nghin cu so
snh s nh hng ca cc m hnh nhit ng n qu
trnh m phng dng chy kh t nhin bn trong tuyn
ng dn kh 1 pha p sut 84bar v kt lun khng c
s sai khc ln. Mc d vy, kt qu ny c th khng cn
chnh xc khi p sut ca kh t nhin cao hn 100bar.
kim chng v so snh la chn phng trnh trng thi
ph hp nht cho qu trnh m phng vn chuyn kh t
nhin trn tuyn ng dn kh 1 pha ti Vit Nam, cn c
nghin cu ring bit c th kt lun m hnh nhit
ng ph hp. Vi mc tiu xy dng m hnh, nhm tc
gi xy dng c 2 phng trnh trng thi nu trn
phc v cng tc tnh ton m phng.
2.3.1. Phng trnh SRK
Phng trnh Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) [24] c
cng b nm 1972, l phng trnh trng thi c th
m phng chnh xc c tnh nhit ng ca lu cht
hydrocarbon ln n p sut 120bar [23]. Phng trnh c
th vit di dng:
Z3 Z2 + Z(A B B2) AB = 0

(8)

Trong , cc thng s A, B l cc hm ph thuc vo

p sut v nhit ; Z l h s nn ca kh t nhin.
A = 0,42747
B = 0,08664

Pr
Tr
Pr
Tr

(9)
(10)

(11)
Trong cc thng s A, B l cc hm ph thuc ca
p sut v nhit .
A = 0,45724
B = 0,0778

Pr
Tr

(12)

Pr
Tr

(13)

y cng l phng trnh nhit ng c s dng

rng ri trong cng nghip du kh. Tuy nhin, phng
trnh ny c sai s ln khi p sut ln hn 120bar.
3. M hnh ton hc s dng
M phng ng cho h thng ng ng dn kh t
nhin l vic thc hin cc tnh ton xc nh cc gi
tr c bn nh p sut, lu lng v nhit trn tng
im mng li (Node) ca ng ng. Trong nghin
cu ny, phng php sai phn hu hn c s dng
lp trnh m phng, t hp cc phng trnh dn
n phng trnh i s trong thi gian v khng gian
ri rc c biu din nh Hnh 1. Chiu di tuyn ng
L (km), c chia thnh mng li N im, trong x
(x - khong cch khng gian (m)) l khong cch gia
im i v i + 1, vi bc thi gian t (giy) l khong
cch t thi im n + 1 so vi thi im n, khong cch
bc khng nht thit l hng s m c th thay i
theo c khng gian v thi gian ty thuc vo c tnh
ca tuyn ng v c tnh ca lu cht i bn trong
ng. i vi tuyn ng nghing, khong cch bc ny
phi nh hn so vi tuyn ng nm ngang hoc khng
nghing.
Vic xc nh cc bin s cn thit ca hn hp kh t
nhin di chuyn trong tuyn ng theo thi gian c xc
nh theo hai phng php sau:

Trong , Pr v Tr l t s p sut v nhit so vi gi

tr ti hn ca cu t; l hm ph thuc vo nhit ,
nhit ti hn v h s quay ca cu t. Tt c cc thng
s cu t tinh khit c mc nh trong chng trnh m
phng v ly theo gi tr khuyn co ca cc phn mm
thng mi.
2.3.2. Phng trnh Peng-Robinson
Phng trnh Peng-Robinson (PR) cng thuc nhm
phng trnh trng thi c cu trc gn ging phng
trnh SRK c ngh vo nm 1976 [25], phng trnh
ny cho kt qu tnh ton t trng pha lng chnh xc hn
so vi phng trnh SRK. Phng trnh c biu din
di dng:
54

DU KH - S 8/2016

Hnh 1. ng ng c chia thnh N im li vi x l khong cch gia im i

v i + 1, t l bc thi gian gia thi im n + 1 v n

PETROVIETNAM

3.1. Phng php gii im mng li tnh tin ca Euler

Euler xut phng php tiu chun xc nh gi
tr lu lng ti tt c cc im trn mng li theo thi
gian. Vi phn ca bin Y ti mng li im i theo thi
gian c tnh ton gn ng nh sau:
(14)
Vi phn ca bin Y ti im i theo khng gian c
tnh gn ng nh sau:
(15)
Vi phn bc 2 ca bin Y ti im i theo khng gian
c tnh gn ng nh sau:
Y ( xi, tn +1)

2 x
1

x2 )

(16)

phn, i vi ng ng bao gm N im mng li, c

h 3 phng trnh vi 3 bin s tng ng.
3.3. ngh phng php gii v xy dng m hnh
Ngoi ngh kt hp ng thi hai phng php
gii nu trn, nhm tc gi xut thm cc gi nh v
n gin ha nh di y vi mc tiu gim thi gian
tnh ton nhng vn m bo kt qu m phng khng
sai khc nhiu so vi kt qu phn mm chuyn dng.
phm vi nghin cu ny, nhm tc gi k vng sai s
tng i khng ln hn 5%.
Trong m hnh xy dng, sau khi cung cp cc thng
tin v thnh phn kh t nhin, cc thng s c tnh ca
kh t nhin s c tnh hon ton s dng phng
trnh trng thi, bao gm c cc gi tr vi phn ring phn.
Thng qua phng trnh trng thi, t trng kh t nhin,
l thng s ph thuc ng thi vo p sut v nhit ,
c xc nh nh sau:

Trong , Y c th l bin s m, p hoc T.

Khi tin hnh gii h cc phng trnh nu trn, i
vi tuyn ng di v phc tp, vic gii h cc phng
trnh rt phc tp vi thi gian tnh ton ko di. Trong
nghin cu ny, nhm tc gi kt hp phng php gii
gn ng ca Luskin [26], c gi l phng php mng
li im trung tm.

p
= ZRT

(20)

Vi mc tiu tin hnh m phng so snh h thng

tuyn ng dn kh c p sut cao hn 100bar, nhm tc
gi ch tin hnh m phng s dng phng trnh Soave
Redlich Kwong (SRK).
3.4. n gin phng trnh dng chy v phng trnh
ng lng

3.2. Phng php mng li im trung tm

Phng php ny gn ging vi cc phng php
ca cc tc gi khc [11, 14]. Trong phng php ny, vi
phn ring phn c tnh cho tng on ng m khng
p dng ring cho tng im trn mng li ng nh
phng php ca Euler, theo , nu xem xt on ng I
(c biu din trn Hnh 1 l khong t im mng li
i n im i + 1). Gi tr vi phn cc bin c tnh gn
ng nh sau:

T phng trnh ng lng c bn (2), tin hnh

thay th cc thng s tnh ton thng qua phng trnh
trng thi, p sut v t trng ca kh t nhin lin h vi
p
vn tc m thanh c (m/s) thng qua
c 2, v th 2 ca
=
phng trnh ny c vit di dng nh sau:

u2
1
c2

Vi phn theo thi gian:

(17)
Vi phn theo khng gian:

Y ( x tn

+1

O ( x 2)

Trong thc t, vn tc dng kh t nhin di chuyn

bn trong tuyn ng c gi tr nh hn rt nhiu so vi
u2
vn tc m thanh, u << c, do , c th gi nh
0,
c2
nh vy:

(18)

u2
+1
c2

p ( 0 + 1)

Gi tr tc thi ca hm Y c tnh theo:

, i +1

+1

+
2

(19)

Trong trng hp m hnh khng ng nhit ton

(21)

(22)

Khi tin hnh thay lu lng khi lng ca kh, m (l

thng s ph thuc vo nhit v p sut) thng qua
mi lin h vi vn tc dng kh t nhin u (m/s) v din
DU KH - S 8/2016

55

CNG NGH - CNG TRNH DU KH

tch ct ngang A (m2) ca tuyn ng dn kh, m = u A,

phng trnh ng lng (2) c th vit li nh sau:
fc 2 m m
m
p
+A =
pgsin
2 DAp
t
x

(23)

Hai phng trnh trn ch c gi tr

l phi

tuyn, thun li trong vic gii h phng trnh ta

s tuyn tnh ha gi tr ny sang dng tuyn tnh. Theo
chui Taylor, mt bin s Y ti thi im n + 1 c th vit
li nh sau:

( )

(24)

p dng cng thc ny, thnh phn c trng cho

nng lng ma st trong phng trnh ng lng c
tnh gn ng nh sau [26]:
2

(mn+1 )
+1

mn

+ 2

)+ O (

(25)

fc
thnh phn tnh n nng lng
2 DA
ma st c th vit nh sau:
Trong K =
n+1 2

(m )
+1

+1

+1

(26)

p dng cc phng trnh tnh gn ng cc bin

s nh trn, i vi ng ng c N im mng li s
c 4N bin trong c (2N) bin p sut, (2N) bin lu
lng v s c 2 gi tr ca iu kin bin. xc nh gi
tr ca cc bin ny, c (2N-1) phng trnh chuyn tip
(2 im mng li lin tip s c 1 phng trnh), (2N-1)
phng trnh ng lng (2 im mng li lin tip s
c 1 phng trnh), khi tin hnh gii h cc phng trnh
ny, cc bin s p sut, lu lng ti tng im mng
li trn ton tuyn ng c xc nh theo thi gian.
4. Kt qu m phng
Vi mc tiu xy dng m hnh c th m phng
ng cc bin s theo thi gian v khng gian, hon
thin c m hnh cho php d on chnh xc nht cc
bin s quan trng nh p sut, lu lng v nhit
cn qu trnh ci tin tun t. phm vi nghin cu ny,
nhm tc gi ch k vng xy dng c m hnh vi cc
ci tin, n gin ha nhng khng nh hng nhiu n
kt qu m phng.
4.1. Giao din chng trnh m phng
M hnh xy dng trong nghin cu ny s dng
chng trnh MATLAB vi giao din n gin, d kin

Hnh 2. Giao din phn mm m phng xy dng trong nghin cu ny

56

DU KH - S 8/2016

PETROVIETNAM

phc v m phng h thng tuyn ng dn kh ca Tng

cng ty Kh Vit Nam, cc yu cu thng s u vo ging
nh cc phn mm thng mi hin ang c s dng.
Chi tit cc thng s u vo ca h thng tuyn ng
dn kh vo c lit k trong phn tip theo, cc thng
s chung ny cng c s dng lm thng s u vo
khi tnh ton tuyn ng dn kh t nhin tin hnh so
snh kt qu thu c. Mc tiu so snh kt qu tnh ton
gia m hnh xy dng trong nghin cu ny vi kt qu
thu c khi s dng phn mm thng mi l kim
chng cc gi nh v phng php tnh ton xut.
Theo nhn nh ca nhm tc gi khi lp trnh xy
dng m hnh, thi gian tnh ton ca m hnh xy dng
trong nghin cu ny gim xung khong 20% so vi
phng php gii ng thi tt c cc phng trnh cng
lc. Tuy nhin, vic nh gi chi tit kh nng ci thin thi
gian tnh ton khng c thc hin trong nghin cu ny.

+ Chiu di ng ng: 370km;

+ ng knh trong ca ng ng, D = 0,6604m;
+ nhm ng ng, = 0,003mm;
+ H s hiu sut ng ng: 0,925;
+ Khong cch gia 2 im mng li: 2km;
+ Bc thi gian tnh, t = 60 giy.
- Cc thng s gi nh v mi trng: nhit mi
trng nc bin trung bnh 25oC vi cc thng s ca
iu kin mi trng nc bin nh sau:
+ Khi lng ring ca nc: 998,8kg/m3;
+ nht, = 1,181cP;
+ dn nhit: 0,585W/m K;
+ Vn tc dng chy, u = 0,1m/s;
+ Nhit dung ring, cv = 12kJ/kg K.

4.2. Kt qu so snh vi phn mm thng mi

chuyn dng
kim chng m hnh xy dng, nhm tc gi xem
xt h thng ng ng dn kh t nhin t ni khai thc
c lp t di y bin, c chiu di 370km, ng
knh 0,6604m dn vo b. p sut dng kh t nhin cp
u vo ca tuyn ng c gi tr ln hn 100bar, gi nh
nhit trung bnh ca mi trng nc bin l 25oC.
m t tuyn ng, nhm tc gi gi nh chia tuyn
ng theo tng im mng li, vi khong cch cc im
mng li l 2km (tng ng 186 im), vic chia cc
im mng li vi khong cch nh hn s cho kt qu
m phng ng chi tit v chnh xc hn nhng thi gian
tnh ton s tng ln. Bc thi gian tnh t c chn
trong nghin cu ny l 60 giy [6].
Cc thng s u vo ca dng kh t nhin v thng
tin tuyn ng dn kh c th nh sau:
- Thnh phn kh t nhin (% mole):
CH4 - 79,13%, C2H6 - 6,7%, C3H8 - 3,03%, i-C4H10 - 0,67%,
n-C4H10 - 0,64%, i-C5H12 - 0,2%, n-C5H12 - 0,12%, n-C6H14 0,06%, n-C7H16 - 0,04%, N2 - 1,26%, CO2 - 8,15%.
- Thng s v mng li tuyn ng v s im tnh
trn tuyn ng:

- Thng s tnh ton trao i nhit:

+ ng ng bc 3 lp vt liu: thp, nha ng v
b tng vi cc thng s nh Bng 1.
iu kin bin: a s cc h thng ng ng vn
chuyn kh t nhin, lu lng kh cung cp vo v ly
ra khi ng ng l cc thng s c iu khin. V
vy nhm tc gi s xem xt s thay i ca p sut u
vo v ra ca h thng ng ng vi s bin thin ca
lu lng u vo v ra trong 240 gi m phng, tng
ng vi 10 ngy vn hnh thc t. Thi gian ny
nh gi mc p ng ca m hnh nhm tc gi xy
dng so vi yu cu ca thc t cng nghip. Nhm nh
gi chnh xc ca kt qu tnh ton gia m hnh v
phn mm thng mi, nhm tc gi xut s bin
thin ln v thay i lin tc ca lu lng u vo v ra
trong khong thi gian thc hin tnh ton nh Hnh 3.
Sau khi thit lp iu kin bin, cc thng s gm p
sut kh u vo, p sut kh u ra v nhit u ra ca kh
t nhin s c tnh ton bin thin theo thi gian ng.
Trong phn tip theo, nhm tc gi tin hnh so snh s sai
khc gia kt qu tnh ton c bng m hnh lp trnh
trong nghin cu ny vi kt qu d on s dng phn
mm thng mi chuyn dng, t la chn phng n
so snh sai khc tng i (S), theo nh ngha nh sau:

Bng 1. Thng s v ng ng
Vt liu
Thp
Nha ng
B tng

Chiu dy (mm)
24
6
40

T trng (kg/m3)
7850
1300
2500

dn nhit (W/mK)
50
0,74
2,9

Nhit dung ring (kJ/kgK)

0,5
1,9
0,65
DU KH - S 8/2016

57

CNG NGH - CNG TRNH DU KH

35
Lu lng u vo ng ng
Lu lng u ra ng ng

40
Lu lng
(MSCM)

21

20

300

14

Lu lng
(MSCM)

Triu m 3 tiu chun

28

F @ 0 km - nghin cu ny
F @ 0 km - phn mm thng mi

0
101
151
Thi gian (gi)

Hnh 3. Lu lng u vo/ra ng ng thc hin m phng

Model Re
S (%)= 100
Re

10
F @ 50 km - nghin cu ny
F @ 50 km - phn mm thng mi

300

201

Lu lng
(MSCM)

51

Trong :
Model: Kt qu tnh ton thu c bng m hnh
c lp trnh trong nghin cu ny;

20
10
F @ 100 km - nghin cu ny
F @ 100 km - phn mm thng mi

30
0

(27)
Lu lng (MSCM)

20

20
10
F @ 150 km - nghin cu ny
F @ 150 km - phn mm thng mi

0
0

Re: Kt qu thu c s dng phn mm thng mi.

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

Thi gian (gi)

Theo Hnh 7, sai khc i vi p sut kh t nhin (DP)

trn tuyn ng l ln nht vi sai khc trung bnh l 0,41%
so vi kt qu tnh ton bng phn mm cng nghip, sai
khc cc i l -2,6%, sai khc i vi nhit ca kh t
nhin (DT) trn ton tuyn ng l nh nht vi sai khc
tuyt i trung bnh l 0,29%, sai khc ln nht l -2,11%.
Mc d lu lng kh t nhin (DF) l thng s cho kt
58

DU KH - S 8/2016

Lu lng
(MSCM)

20
10
F @ 250 km - nghin cu ny
F @ 250 km - phn mm thng mi

30
Lu lng
(MSCM)

Kt qu tnh ton thu c i vi lu lng v p

sut ca dng kh t nhin khng th phn bit c s
khc nhau gia kt qu thu c vi m hnh xy dng
trong nghin cu ny v kt qu thu c s dng phn
mm thng mi chuyn dng. Tuy nhin, i vi thng
s nhit , sai khc ny c th nhn thy c trn Hnh
6. Kt qu ny c th do m hnh truyn nhit nhm tc
gi s dng cha ph hp hoc c s khc nhau ln i
vi m hnh c s dng trong phn mm thng mi.

30

20
10
F @ 350 km - nghin cu ny
F @ 350 km - phn mm thng mi

30
Lu lng (MSCM)

Hnh 4 - 6 ln lt so snh kt qu tnh ton ca m

hnh xy dng trong nghin cu ny vi kt qu thu c
khi s dng phn mm thng mi. Cc thng s quan
trng nht i vi qu trnh vn hnh tuyn ng dn kh
t nhin l lu lng (F), p sut (P) v nhit (T), ton
b cc thng s ny c tnh ton d on bin thin
theo chiu di ca tuyn ng dn kh (ti cc im 0km,
50km, 100km, 150km, 250km, 350km, 370km) v bin
thin theo thi gian (trong khong 240 gi vn hnh).

20
10
F @ 370 km - nghin cu ny
F @ 370 km - phn mm thng mi

0
0

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

Thi gian (gi)

Hnh 4. So snh kt qu tnh ton lu lng kh t nhin s dng m hnh

c xy dng trong nghin cu ny v lu lng tnh ton s dng phn mm
thng mi. Kt qu tnh ton ti cc im khc nhau dc theo tuyn ng
v thay i theo thi gian

PETROVIETNAM

Nhit (oC)

130
P @ 0 km - nghin cu ny
P @ 0 km - phn mm thng mi

160
130
P @ 50 km - nghin cu ny
P @ 50 km - phn mm thng mi

p sut (bar)

100
160

T @ 50 km - nghin cu ny
T @ 50 km - phn mm thng mi

26
23

T @ 100 km - nghin cu ny
T @ 100 km - phn mm thng mi

26
23

T @ 150 km - nghin cu ny
T @ 150 km - phn mm thng mi

20
0

130
P @ 100 km - nghin cu ny
P @ 100 km - phn mm thng mi

100
p sut (bar)

23

20
29
Nhit (oC)

p sut (bar)

100

26

20
29
Nhit (oC)

160

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

Thi gian (gi)

140
29

120
P @ 150 km - nghin cu ny
P @ 150 km - phn mm thng mi

100
0

20

40

60

80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

Nhit (oC)

p sut (bar)

29

Nhit (oC)

110
P @ 250 km - nghin cu ny
P @ 250 km - phn mm thng mi

Nhit (oC)

p sut (bar)
p sut (bar)

T @ 250 km - nghin cu ny
T @ 250 km - phn mm thng mi

26
23

T @ 350 km - nghin cu ny
T @ 350 km - phn mm thng mi

20
29

90

26
23

T @ 370 km - nghin cu ny
T @ 370 km - phn mm thng mi

20
0

110

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

Thi gian (gi)

80
P @ 350 km - nghin cu ny
P @ 350 km - phn mm thng mi

50
p sut (bar)

23
20
29

Thi gian (gi)

130

26

Hnh 6. So snh kt qu tnh ton nhit s dng m hnh c xy dng trong nghin
cu ny v nhit tnh ton s dng phn mm thng mi. Kt qu tnh ton ti cc
im khc nhau dc theo tuyn ng v thay i theo thi gian

110
80
P @ 370 km - nghin cu ny
P @ 370 km - phn mm thng mi

50
0

20

40

60

80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

Thi gian (gi)

Hnh 5. So snh kt qu tnh ton p sut ca dng kh t nhin s dng m hnh

c xy dng trong nghin cu ny v p sut tnh ton s dng phn mm
thng mi. Kt qu tnh ton ti cc im khc nhau dc theo tuyn ng
v thay i theo thi gian

qu tnh ton kh gn so vi kt qu tnh ton s dng

phn mm thng mi, vi sai khc tuyt i trung bnh l
0,39% nhng sai khc cc i li cao nht vi 3,1% ti duy
nht 1 im tnh ton, s sai khc ny c th do s gi nh
iu kin vt l ban u i vi tuyn ng.
Nu cng nhn kt qu tnh ton thu c bng phn
mm thng mi l hon ton chnh xc so vi s liu thc
nghim th kt qu sai khc ny hon ton nm trong gii
hn cho php khi tin hnh m phng tuyn ng dn kh
t nhin c dn t ngoi khi, qua h thng nc bin
DU KH - S 8/2016

59

CNG NGH - CNG TRNH DU KH

vo b. Tuy nhin, vi h thng tuyn ng di, vic xy

dng c m hnh tnh ton ng h thng ng
ng dn kh t nhin l rt phc tp, c rt nhiu yu
t nh hng n kt qu xy dng m hnh, ngoi
nh hng ca thut ton gii gn ng th m hnh
nhit ng, m hnh truyn nhit u nh hng
n chnh xc ca qu trnh tnh ton.

3
2

Sai khc (%)

1
0
-1
-2

DF @ 50 km
DF @ 250 km

-3
0

20

40

60

DF @ 100 km
DF @ 350 km

DF @ 150 km
DF @ 370 km

80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240

Thi gian (gi)

DP @ 50 km
DP @ 250 km

DP @ 100 km
DP @ 350 km

DP @ 150 km
DP @ 370 km

Nh vy, khi tin hnh kim chng kt qu m

phng tuyn ng dn kh vi chiu di 370km, dn kh
t ngoi khi vo b, kt qu so snh thu c cho
php kt lun: cc gi nh n gin ha phng trnh
ca nhm tc gi l hp l khi kt hp vi cc phng
php gii gn ng cc hm vi phn theo thi gian v
khng gian. Trc khi tin hnh ci tin cc phng
php d on c tnh kh t nhin, m hnh truyn
nhit th vic tin hnh nh gi so snh mc
chnh xc ca m hnh hin ti vi kt qu o c thc
nghim l cn thit.
5. Kt lun

Sai khc (%)

1
0
-1
-2
-3
0

20

40

60

80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

Thi gian (gi)

Sai khc (%)

2
1
0
-1
-2
DT @ 50 km
DT @ 250 km

-3
0

20

40

60

DT @ 100 km
DT @ 350 km

DT @ 150 km
DT @ 370 km

80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

Thi gian (gi)

Hnh 7. So snh kt qu tnh ton lu lng (DF), p sut (DP) v nhit (DT) s dng m
hnh c xy dng trong nghin cu ny v kt qu tnh ton s dng phn mm thng mi.
Sai khc tng i c biu din ti cc im bin thin theo thi gian v khng gian

60

DU KH - S 8/2016

Vn chuyn kh t nhin bng tuyn ng p sut

cao dn kh t gin khai thc ngoi khi vo t
lin c lp trnh m phng s dng chng trnh
MATLAB theo phng php gii h phng trnh 1D.
Thng qua vic lp v gii h cc phng trnh, nhm
tc gi xut phng php gii gn ng trn c
s kt hp cc phng php gii c cng b
trc y, gi nh n gin ha mt s thnh phn
trong h phng trnh, iu ny cho php gim thi
gian tnh ton nhng chnh xc ca kt qu php
tnh thay i khng ng k (sai s tng i cc i
khng vt qu 3% so vi kt qu thu c bng
phn mm thng mi). M hnh tnh ton c
th nghim so snh i vi tuyn ng dn kh 1 pha
di 370km di y bin, vi cc gi nh c bn, kt
qu thu c rt gn so vi kt qu thu c bi phn
mm thng mi chuyn dng.
Trong nghin cu ny, nhm tc gi tin hnh
xy dng thnh cng m hnh m phng ng qu
trnh vn chuyn kh t nhin trn tuyn ng cao p,
vi cc gi nh n gin ha mt s thnh phn c
trong phng trnh, s dng phng php gii ton
tun t m hnh ny:
- Cho php m phng ng (bin thin theo
khng gian v thi gian) h thng tuyn ng dn kh
t nhin vi chiu di ln n 400km, p sut ln n
200bar, x l c h kh t nhin c cha nit v
carbon dioxide.

PETROVIETNAM

- Nu sai s tnh ton i vi p sut, lu lng v

nhit ca kh t nhin bn trong tuyn ng thp hn 3% l
chp nhn c, m hnh pht trin trong nghin cu ny
c th p ng c yu cu m phng d on phc v
theo di vn hnh tuyn ng dn kh t nhin.
Cc kt qu m phng d on s dng m hnh xy
dng trong nghin cu ny s c so snh vi cc s
liu thc nghim o c trn tuyn ng dn kh t nhin,
y l yu t quyt nh trong vic ci tin cc m hnh
nhit ng v m hnh truyn nhit cng nh cc phng
trnh khc nng cao chnh xc v tin cy ca chng
trnh, kt qu ny s c cp trong cng b sp ti.
Ti liu tham kho
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Dynamic modelling of transients in high-pressure natural

gas pipelines
Nguyen Huynh Duong1, Nguyen Huynh Dong2
1
Petrovietnam Gas Joint Stock Corporation
2
Petrovietnam Manpower Training College
Email: duong.nh1@pvgas.com.vn

Summary
Natural gas is mainly transported undersea in large-scale and long distance pipelines. Prediction of the gas pipeline
temperature and pressure profiles is very important in the operation of natural gas transport, especially in case of accidents of pipeline upstream or downstream. An analytical method for calculation of these profiles has been developed
and this method of implicit high order finite difference scheme could be a good choice to build the software for simulation
of dynamic gas pipeline. In this work, an implicit finite difference scheme has been used to solve the energy equation, the
continuity and momentum equation. The flow model was validated by comparing the computed results to commercial
software for an offshore natural gas pipeline, with defined natural gas composition. The modelled results showed good
agreement with the commercial software (with an average absolute deviation of 0.41% on pressure, 0.39% on flow and
0.29% on temperature).
Key words: Transportation, high-pressure pipelines, equation of state, heat transfer model, dynamic simulation.

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