1

1.1 :

1.6

1.2

1.7

1.3

1.8

1.4

1.9

1.5

1.10

Department of Chemistry, Inha University

1.1 :

1.1 :

?
- .
- (scanning tunneling microscope, STM) .

1.1
:
, DNA

1.2 ,

: , , , ,
:
100 . () .

Department of Chemistry, Inha University

1.1 :

) (H2O)
.

.
.

- .
-
.

Department of Chemistry, Inha University

1.2

:
1. ()

2. ( )
3. ( )
.

1.2

1.
) ( ),
( 2 kg)
- ((measurement)): .
2. (hypothesis)
3. .
-
1.3

Department of Chemistry, Inha University

1.2

- (theory) (model):
.

- : . .
- (natural law): () .
)
= (law of conservation of mass)
.
,
, .
) Galileo .

1.4

Department of Chemistry, Inha University

1.3

1.3

() () .
SI (SI system) : 1960

1.1 SI

1.2 SI

Department of Chemistry, Inha University

1.3

- SI .
- 1 m = (1 m)3 = 1 m3, 1 m3 = (10 dm)3 = 1000 dm3, dm3 = (L)

1.3

1.5 1 m3 ,
1 dm3 (1 L),
1 cm3 (1 mL)

1.6 :
, , ,

(mass):
.
.

(weight):

Department of Chemistry, Inha University

1.4

1.4

- : (20.1)
.
- 1 .

(uncertainty) .
.
) :

1.7
.
()
.

(significant figure): (
) . .
Department of Chemistry, Inha University

1.4

1.1
25.00 mL 25 mL
?

25.00 mL 24.99 mL 25.01 mL 25 mL 24 mL 26 mL

. .

(accuracy) : .
(precision) : .
- .
(random error) : (indeterminate error) ,

- .
(systematic error) : (determinate error) ,
.

1.8 :

Department of Chemistry, Inha University

1.4

:
- .

.

2.486

2.486 g 2.487 g 2.485 g 2.484 g 2.488 g

2.486 g
5

.
() 1.000 .
1.2
,

25 mL
.
?

. 25 mL
.
.
Department of Chemistry, Inha University

1.5

1.5

1. 0 .
2. 0

a. 0 0 . ) 0.0025
b. 0 . ) 1.008 .
c. 0 . ) 100 , 100. 3
(exponential notation) 1.00 102 3

3. : .
) 10 10, 3 3, 2r () 2

1.3

a. 0.0105 g.
b. 0.050080 g .
c. 8.050 10-3 .
a. 1 0 .
b. 8 0 .
c. .
Department of Chemistry, Inha University

1.5

1. :
.
) 4.561.4 = 6.38 (1.4 2 ) 6.4
2. : .
12.11
18.0

1.013
31.123

31.1

1.
.

2. 5 1 .
) 4.348 4.3
8
4.35 5
4.4

Department of Chemistry, Inha University

1.5

1.4
, .
a. 1.0510-36.135
b. 21 13.8

c. (R) (P), (V), (T) .

.
R

PV
T

P 2.560, T 275.15, V 8.8 . (R)

.

a. 1.71 10-4

b. 21 13.8 = 7.2 7 - 21
c.

PV (2.560)(8.8)

T
275.15
(2.560)(8.8) 22.528
23

275.15
275.15 275.15
23
0.0835908
275.15
0.084 8.4 102
Department of Chemistry, Inha University

1.6

1.6

.
1. ? ?

2. ? ?
3. ? ?

1.7

1.7

(unit factor method)

(dimensional analysis) .
(unit factor)
2.54 cm 1 in
1 in
1
(unit factor) .
2.54 cm
- .

1.4 -

1.5 I
7.00 in . ?
2.54 cm 1 in
7.00 in

2.54 cm
1 in

2.54 cm
(7.00)(2.54) cm 17.8 cm
1 in
Department of Chemistry, Inha University

1.7

1.6 II
25.5 in , .
?
2.54 cm 1 in 2.54 cm
1 in
2.54 cm
25.5 in
64.8 cm
1 in

1.7 III
10.0 km . ?
10.0 km
: 10.0 km

: 1.00 104 m

1 km 1000 m

1000 m
1.00 104 m
1 km

1 m 1.094 yd

1.094 yd
1.094 104 yd
1m

: 1.094 104 yd

1 mi
6.216 mi
1760 yd

10.0 km

1760 yd 1 mi

1000 m 1.094 yd
1 mi

6.22 mi
1 km
1m
1760 yd

10.0 km 6.22 mi
Department of Chemistry, Inha University

1.7

1.8 IV
55 mi/h . ?
55 mi/h
55 mi 1760 yd
1m
1 km

88 km/h ( )
h
1 mi
1.094 yd 1000 m

1.9 V
15 km/L . .

15 km/L
15 km 1000 m 1.094 yd
1 mi
1L
4 qt

35 mi/gal
L
1 km
1m
1760 yd 1.06 qt 1 gal

( )

1.9 VI

Corvette 6.20 L. .
6.20 L
3

1 ft3
(12 in)
6.20 L

378 in 3
3
28.32 L (1 ft)

Department of Chemistry, Inha University

1.8

1.8

(Celsius) Kelvin (Fahrenheit)

Kelvin : Kelvin Kelvin K
.
- (Kelvin) () 273.15 () (Kelvin) 273.15
.
- (100 oC ) 212 oF, (0 oC) 32 oF.
212 oF 32 oF = 180 oF = 100 oC

180 o F 9 o F

100 o C 5 o C
:
- (1.1) & (1.2) .

(TF 32 o F)

5 oC
TC
9 oF

(1.1)

9 oF
TF TC o 32 o F (1.2)
5 C

1.9

Department of Chemistry, Inha University

1.8

1.11 I
98.6 oF. Kelvin
.
98.6 oF.

66.6 oF

5 oC
66.6 F o 37.0 oC
9 F
o

TK TC 273.15 37.0 273.15 310.2 K

1.10 , , Kelvin

1.12 II
-40 oC -40 oF .
.
32 oF -40 oF 72 oF 0 oC -40 oC 40 oC .
72 o F 8 9 o F 9 o F

40 oC 8 5 oC 5 oC
-40 oC = -40 oF .
-40 oC -40 oF , .
TF (40) 9 o F

TC (40) 5 o C

TF 40 9 o F

TC 40 5 o C

(1.3)
Department of Chemistry, Inha University

1.8

1.13 III
77 K. ?
Kelvin , .
TC TK 273.15 77 273.15 196 o C
TF 40 9 o F

TC 40 5 o C

TF 40

TF 40
TF 40 9 o F

196 o C 40 156 o C 5 o C

9 oF
(156 o C) 281 o F
o
5 C

T F 281 o F 40 321 o F

1.9

1.9

(density) : . .

) : 1.30 g/cm3 1.20 g/cm3

Department of Chemistry, Inha University

1.9
1.5 20 oC

1.14
20 oC 25.00 cm3
19.625 g .
. ?

19.625 g

0.7850 g/cm3
3
25.00 cm

Department of Chemistry, Inha University

1.10

1.10

(matter) .
, , (state) .
- : .
- : .
- : , .

1.11

Department of Chemistry, Inha University

1.10

(mixture) : , , , . .
- : . .
) ( ).
- : .
) ,
- .
(pure substance) : .
)
- (compound) .
(physical change) (chemical change)
- : ( ). .

- : .
(compound): . .
) H2O, NaCl
- .

(element):

Department of Chemistry, Inha University

1.10

- : ( ) .
- : .

- (chromatography) : .
)

1.12

1.13

Department of Chemistry, Inha University

1.10

1.14

Department of Chemistry, Inha University

1 .

Department of Chemistry, Inha University