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Gas Turbine M. Mohsin PDF
Gas Turbine M. Mohsin PDF
COMPRES
TURBINE
HEATING
(COMBUSTION)
p2
3
p1
2
4
1
s
.
W
. net = |Wturb| - |Wcomp|
.
= mcp(T3-T4) - mcp(T2-T1))
Specific work output: wnet = cp(T3-T4) - cp(T2-T1)
w = ( T3 - T4 ) - ( T2 - 1 )
T1 T1
cpT1
T1
But
2
( T2 ) = ( p
p1 )
T1
g-1
g
and
p2
( T3 ) = ( p1 )
T4
g-1
g
g-1
g
= rp
g-1
1.8
1.6
ND Specific Work
1.4
T3
T1
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
2
0
0
10
20
Pressure ratio
30
g
2(g-1)
g-1
T2 = rp g
T1
Again
T3 = rp
T4
and
g-1
g
hth =
1 - 1g-1
rp g
Thermal efficiency
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
10
20
30
40
Pressure ratio
4
IRREVERSIBILITY EFFECTS
In practice isentropic compression and expansion is not
possible. We therefore introduce the isentropic
efficiencies of compression and expansion.
For a compressor the isentropic efficiency is defined as :
isentropic power input
actual power input
.
m cp (T2' - T1)
= .
m cp (T2 - T1)
hc =
hc =
(T2' - T1)
(T2 - T1)
(i)
pv = constant
or
p1v1 = p2v2'
or
p 1v 1
T1
p2v2'
T2'
g-1
p2 g
p1
g-1
g
rp
(ii)
ht =
i.e.
again:
(T3 - T4)
(T3 - T4')
ht =
T3 =
T4'
g-1
p2 g
p1
(iii)
g-1
g
rp
(iv)
T4
T3 = 1 - ht (1 - rp
T4
T4 T3
NB: T1 = T3 T1
giving:
w =
cpT1
T3 ht (1 - rp
T1
1-g
g
1 g-1
) - (rp g -1)
hc
hth = 1 -
and in:
T4
T1 - 1
T3 - T2
T1
T1
1-g
giving:
g
T3
{
1
h
t (1 - rp
)} -1
T1
hth = 1 1 g-1
T3
g
{
1
+
(r
p
-1)}
T1
hc
w
cpT1
0.6
0.5
0.4
hth
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
10
15
20
25
rp
30
T3
)
T1
g
2(g-1)
TURBINE
4
p2
p1
2'
4' 4
1
s
The primed station numbers show the
theoretically ideal (isentropic) process end-points.
8
Open cycle:
.
Qin
Closed cycle:
.
Qout
Free turbine:
Gas generator
HX
Regenerative:
Turbo-prop:
Turbo-jet:
By-pass:
9