Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Do An Say Kho Khi 2
Do An Say Kho Khi 2
n mn
N MN HC
3.0
2.5
0.5
- Lng kh cn lm kh:
4 triu Nm3/ngy
- Nhit kh vo:
60oC
- p sut kh vo:
7,5 MPa
- im sng yu cu:
+10oC
1.0 0.5
- p sut kh kh:
7,3 MPa
30 kg TEG/1 kg H2O
Tnh cc yu t:
- Nng ti thiu ca TEG
- Lng dung dch tun hon
- S a l thuyt
- S a thc t
- Bn knh (ng knh) thp
- Chiu cao thp
Page 1
n mn
Bi lm
Phn I: TIM NNG KH VIT NAM
Vit Nam c th gii nhn nhn l mt quc gia du kh non tr trong cng
ng cc quc gia du kh trn th gii.
Theo PetroVietnam Gas Company, tim nng ngun kh Vit Nam tp trung
5 vng trng chnh: trng Sng Hng, trng Cu Long, trng Nam Cn Sn,
trng M lai Th Chu v trng min Trung c kh nng cung cp kh trong
vi thp k ti. Cc vng trng ny n nay vn ang giai on nghin cu v
nh gi mt cch chi tit.
Hin nay, ch c 2 trng c tr lng thng mi l trng Cu Long v trng
Nam Cn Sn thuc thm lc a pha nam nc ta. Trong m du Bch
H v m Rng thuc vng trng Cu Long v ang cho sn lng khai
thc kh ng hnh quan trng nht.
Bng 1: Tim nng kh Vit Nam
M kh
Tr lng thc t
(t m3)
Sng Hng
Cu Long
Nam Cn Sn
M Lai Th Chu
Cc m nh khc
Tng cng
5,6 11,2
42 70
140 196
14 42
28 56
84 140
532 700
84 140
532 700
1260 1736
201,6 319,2
Phn m
6%
Vn ti
0%
in
30%
LNG
31%
19%
Page 2
n mn
1. Mc ch Qu Trnh Lm Kh Kh
- Kh sau khi khai thc ngoi cc cu t chnh l cc Hydrocacbon Parafin cn
cha cc tp cht nh: bi, hi nc, kh tr, CO2, H2S v cc hp cht hu c
ca lu hunh. Mt s kh (CH4, C2H 6, C3H 8, i- C4H 10, H2S, CO2 v N2) c kh
nng to hydrat kh lm tc nghn ng ng, cn tr qu trnh vn hnh ca cc
thit b trong qu trnh ch bin kh nh bm, qut,my nn, thc y n mn
- Hydrat l nhng tp hp cht c th tn ti mt cch bn vng di dng
tinh th. Thc cht chng l nhng dung dch rn, trong cc phn t nc
dung mi nh cc lin kt hydro to thnh khung hydrat. Trong cc khoang
ca khung ny cc phn t kh c kh nng to hydrat s chim ch.
+ iu kin to thnh Hydrat ch khi hi cc yu t sau:
C nc dng t do v c s tip xc gia kh v nc
iu kin nhit nh hn nhit to Hydrat
C cc thnhphn c kh nng to hydrat (CH4, C2H6, C3H8, i- C4H10,
H2S, CO2 v N2)
C s thay i p sut nh qua van gim p
C mi trng v thi gian
+ Cng thc ca cc hydrat kh:
CH4.6H2O, C2H 6.8H2O, C3H8.17H2O, i- C4H 10. 17H2O,
H2S. 6H 2O, CO2. 6H2O, N2.6H2O.
- Nc lm gim nhit tr ca kh, lm gim hot tnh xc tc, tng cng n
mn thit b c bit khi c H2S, CO2.
Kh cn phi c tch hi nc (dehydrat) trc khi a vo ch bin bng
cch sy kh hoc trn thm vo kh tc nhn c ch qu trnh to hydrat.
Qu trnh sy kh lm gim hm lng nc c trong kh sao cho p sut ring phn
ca hi nc nh hn p sut hi bo ha ca hydrat, nhm cc mc ch sau:
- Ngn nga s hnh thnh hydrat kh.
- Ngn nga n mn (c bit khi c hi nc).
- Tng gi tr nhit chy cho kh.
- p ng yu cu k thut ca kh.
Nguyn Trang Nhung Lc ha du K52
Page 3
n mn
2. Cc Phng Php Lm Kh Kh
Trong cng nghip, cc phng php sy kh kh sau y thng c s dng:
2.1 Lm kh bng phng php hp th dng dung mi ht m
- Phng php hp th c s dng rng ri sy kh kh ti cc cng
trnh ng dn kh cng nh trong cc nh my ch bin kh.
- S sy kh kh bng cc cht hp th ny da trn s khc bit v p sut
ring ca hi nc trong kh v trong cht hp th.
- Cht hp th sy kh l nhng dung dch nc m c ca mono-, di- v
trietylenglycol.
- Lng m c th tch ra t kh bng cc cht hp th - sy kh c xc
nh bng kh nng ht m ca cc cht hp th, nhit v p sut, s tip
xc gia kh vi cht hp th, khi lng cht hp th tun hon trong h v
nht ca n.
2.2 Lm kh bng phng php hp ph dng cht hp ph rn xp (vt liu
mao qun)
- Khi cn phi sy kh vi h im sng ti 100 200oC v yu cu kh
sau khi sy c im sng rt thp -85 -100 oC, ta s dng phng php hp
ph.
- Hp ph l qu trnh tp trung cc cht trn b mt hoc trong khng gian
ca cc vi l xp ca cht rn.
- Qu trnh sy kh kh bng cc cht hp ph da vo kh nng ca cc vt
th rn vi cu trc xc nh hp ph lng m t kh nhit tng i
thp v sau tch m khi tng nhit .
- Trong cng nghip ch bin kh, ngi ta thng dng silicagel, oxit nhm
hot tnh, boxit hot tnh, zeolit 3A v 4A. Hin nay, vic s dng zeolit c
nhiu trin vng v t im sng rt thp v c th lm vic nhit cao.
2.3 Phng php nn kh hoc lm lnh
Phng php n gin nht lm gim lng m c trong kh l lm lnh
kh m n nhit di nhit im sng ca hn hp kh. Hi nc s
b ngng t v tch khi kh di dng nhng ht sng.
Nhng trong a s trng hp, nu ch lm lnh s khng v kh iu
khin qu trnh.
Hin nay cc phng php hp th v hp ph c s dng rt ph bin.
Nguyn Trang Nhung Lc ha du K52
Page 4
n mn
Hp Th
- S thit b n gin
- D tnh ton thit k
- D vn hnh
u im
Hp Ph
- C th t c im sng
thp v s gii m cao trong
khong rng ca cc thng s
k thut
- Qu trnh lin tc c th t
- S thay i nhit v p
ng ha
sut khng gy nh hng ln
- Gi thnh thit b thp
n cht lng sy
- t tiu hao tc nhn sy kh
- Qu trnh rt thun tin v
- Cc cht hp th l cc n gin
glycol:
+ d ch to, tan hon ton
trong nc vi bt k t l no
+ khng n mn cho php
dng kim loi r tin ch
to thit b
+ lm gim nhit ng
c ca dung dch nc c
th dng dung dch nc ca
cc glycol lm cht hp th
nc nhit m
mun sy trit hn cn
dng dung dch glycol m
c hn lm gia tng s tiu
hao glycol cng vi kh kh.
- Hiu qu ca cc cht hp
ph gim do b nhim cc cht
- Cht lng sy ph thuc chng n mn, cc tp cht c
vo s thay i nhit v p hc
sut
Phi thay th cht hp ph
Nguyn Trang Nhung Lc ha du K52
Page 5
n mn
TEG
150,2
1,119
im si 760 mmHg, oC
285,5
im ng c, oC
-7,2
206,7
185 200
nht ng lc 25 C, cP
37,3
0,69
Page 6
n mn
Page 7
n mn
* K hiu thit b:
* K hiu dng:
1: Thp hp th
I: Kh ngyn liu m
2, 4: TB trao i nhit
II: Kh lm kh
3: TB thi kh tch
Hydrocacbon ha tan
y thp hp th
5: Thp ti sinh
6: TB gia nhit
7: TB lm ngui
8: Bn cha
9: Bm
Page 8
n mn
Page 9
n mn
3. Tnh Ton Thp Hp Th Lm Kh Kh Bng TEG
Bc 1 : C th ha cc s liu ban u
- Thnh phn kh ngyn liu
3.0
2.5
0.5
1.0 0.5
- Lng kh cn lm kh:
4 triu Nm3/ngy = 166666,67 Nm3/h
- Nhit kh vo:
60oC
- p sut kh vo:
7,5 MPa
- im sng yu cu:
+10oC
- p sut kh kh:
7,3 MPa
- Lu lng ring TEG ngho: 30 kg TEG/1 kg H2O
Bc 2: Xc nh nng ti thiu min ca TEG
Da vo nhit tip xc Ttx (bng nhit ca kh nguyn liu) v im
sng ca kh sy kh xc nh nng ti thiu min ca TEG cn
thu c im sng cho trc ca kh thng qua th hnh II.8 (trang 98
[1]).
Trong thp tip xc (contactor), TEG sch ch tip xc vi kh ti mm trn
cng cn cc mm di nng TEG b gim i do hp th nc. Cho
nn trong thp tip xc, im sng thc t ca kh lm kh s cao hn t
5 - 8oC so vi im sng cn bng.
Theo bi cho im sng ca kh kh yu cu l +10oC. Chn im sng
thp hn 8oC.
Vy nhit im sng ca kh kh tra th s l 2 oC.
Theo bi ra, nhit ca kh nguyn liu l 60oC, do qu trnh hp th l
qu trnh ta nhit nn lm vic iu kin nhit thp trnh chy nht
(15 - 38 oC). Thng th nhit lm vic ca thp hp th xp x nhit
mi trng nn kh nguyn liu trc khi vo thp ta lm lnh bng khng
kh t 60oC xung 40oC.
Nhit kh nguyn liu vo thp (nhit tip xc) l 40oC.
T th hnh II.8 ta c ta ca: im sng cn bng 2oC v nhit
tip xc (bng nhit kh nguyn liu) 40oC ri vo ng nng TEG
sch l 98%. y chnh l nng TEG sch yu cu. Vy min = 98%.
Nguyn Trang Nhung Lc ha du K52
Page 10
n mn
= 1000.
= 5 (lt)
VM =
= 23,6 l/mol
, /
= 0,2119 mol
= 0,5 %.
.W
+ y
.W
Trong :
WHC hm lng m ca thnh phn Hydrocacbon trong kh.
hm lng m do H 2S ng gp
hm lng m do CO 2 ng gp
y
yHC
( yHC = 1 - y
-y
Page 11
n mn
Page 12
n mn
Hnh 3: th tra hm m do H 2S ng gp
(Trang 85, [3])
Nguyn Trang Nhung Lc ha du K52
Page 13
n mn
Ti T nguyn liu = 40oC v P = 7,5 Mpa:
+ T th hnh 1c: WHC = 1050 kg/106 std m3
+ T th hnh 2 c:
= 1300 kg/10 6 std m3
+ T th hnh 3 c:
= 1700 kg/10 6 std m3
W1 = 0,99. 1050 + 0,005. 1300 + 0,005. 1700 = 1054,50 (kg/106 std m3)
Ti T kh kh = 10oC v P = 7,3 Mpa:
+ T th hnh 1c: WHC = 197 kg/106 std m3
+ T th hnh 2 c:
= 340 kg/106 std m3
+ T th hnh 3 c:
= 420 kg/106 std m3
W2 = 0,99. 197 + 0,005. 340 + 0,005. 420 = 198,83 (kg/106 std m3)
Bc 4: Lu lng dung mi tun hon
L1 = V.( W1 - W2 ).l , kg/h
Trong :
V - th tch kh bm vo (m3/h)
l - lu lng ring cht hp th (kg/kg H2O)
W1, W2 - hm m ca kh nguyn liu v kh thnh phm (kg/ m3)
L1 =166666,67.(1054,50 198,83).10-6.30 = 4278,35 (kg/h)
Bc 5: Nng dung dch TEG giu (bo ha) ra y thp 2
- T phng trnh cn bng vt cht da trn m trong pha lng v kh, ta c:
L
=
L + (W W )V
- Chn nng ban u ca dung dch TEG l 1= 98% bng nng ti
thiu ca TEG l min= 98%
T suy ra :
=
L
4278,35 98
=
L + (W W )V
4278,35 + (1054,50 198,83) 10
166666,67
= 94,8%
W [(1 ). M + 18. ]
748,44M (1 )
Trong :
Mo - khi lng phn t ca cht hp th: MTEG = 150 vC
Nguyn Trang Nhung Lc ha du K52
Page 14
n mn
W2 = 198,83 kg/106 std m3 = 198,83.10 -3 g/ m 3
,
K=
[(
.
,
).
,
.(
. ,
,
= 0,0018
L =
98 150 + 18 2
= 147,36
100
,
= 29,03 (Kmol/h)
- Xc nh V t V:
V =
Vi V15: th tch ca mt mol kh chim 15oC v 1atm.
V15 =
.
,
V =
Vy: A =
= 7062,12 (Kmol/h)
,
,
, .(
= 2,28
W W
1054,50 198,83
=
= 0,81
W
1054,50
Y
Y
K X
Trong :
: nng phn mol ca nc trong dung dch TEG ngho
Nguyn Trang Nhung Lc ha du K52
Page 15
n mn
1
1 0,98
18
18
=
=
= 0,1453
1
1 0,98 0,98
+
+
18
18
150
= 0,0014
= 0,996
An+1 =
L =
n+1=
,
,
= 7,003
nthc =
,
,
= 17,15 18 a
0,1. .
. P
Trong :
Q lu lng kh nguyn liu, m3/h
T nhit kh nguyn liu, K
P p sut kh nguyn liu, Mpa
vn tc tuyn tnh ca dng kh trong thp (0,05-0,15 m/s)
Chn = 0,13 m/s = 0,13.3600 = 468 m/h
D = 0,0114*
. ,
= 0,4395 (m)
Page 16
n mn
Bc 14: Tnh chiu cao H ca thp hp th
H = nthc *d + h
Trong :
d khong cch gia 2 a, thng chn 0,5m hoc 0,6 m
h chiu cao chp di v chp trn ca thp, h = 1 1,2 m
Chn d = 0,6 m v h = 1,2 m
H = 18 * 0,6 + 1,2 = 12 (m)
Vy chiu cao ca thp hp th: H = 12 m
4. Kt lun
Vy vi cc thng s ca kh nguyn liu cho, ta cn thit k thp lm kh
kh bng TEG vi cc thng s nh sau:
Cc thng s
Kh nguyn liu :
Lu lng (m3/h)
166666,67
o
Nhit ( C)
40
p sut (Mpa)
7,5
3
Hm lng m W1 (kg/m )
1054,50.10-6
Kh kh
im sng (oC)
10
p sut (Mpa)
7,3
3
Hm lng m W2 (kg/m )
198,83.10-6
TEG ngho vo
Lu lng ring (kg TEG/1kg H2O)
30
Lu lng L1 (kg/h)
4278,35
98
Nng ti thiu min (%)
98
Nng 1 (%)
TEG giu
Nng 2 (%)
94,8
Lu lng L2(kg/h)
4420,96
0,0018
Hng s cn bng ca qu trnh ht m K
2,28
Yu t hp th A
H s tch m
Thc t
0,81
L thuyt
0,996
Thp hp th
S a l thuyt (a)
6,003
S a thc t (a)
18
ng knh (mm)
440
Chiu cao (m)
12
Nguyn Trang Nhung Lc ha du K52
Page 17
n mn
Page 18
Filename:
DA Che Bien Khi 1.docx
Directory:
D:\Bi lm
Template:
C:\Users\Nhungcool\AppData\Local\Chemistry Add-in for
Word\Chemistry Gallery\Chem4Word.dotx
Title:
n mn
Cng ngh ch
bin kh
Subject:
Author:
N
Keywords:
Comments:
Creation Date:
11/5/2011 11:02:00 AM
Change Number:
4
Last Saved On:
11/5/2011 11:20:00 AM
Last Saved By:
N
Total Editing Time:
1 Minute
Last Printed On:
11/5/2011 11:21:00 AM
As of Last Complete Printing
Number of Pages: 18
Number of Words: 3,123 (approx.)
Number of Characters:
17,804 (approx.)