CNG N TP - PTTKHT H161

1.

Chng 3 : Qun l d n

Phn tch kh thi ca d n

Xc inh i tng : y nhanh mt qu
trnh, Tinh gin mt qu trnh, Kt hp cc
quy trnh, Gim sai st cho u vo, Gim
d phng lu tr, Gim kt qu d tha,
H thng v cc h thng con s ngy
cng ci tin,

Khi xc nh c i tng cn nh
gi tnh kh thi th chng ta s trnh by
chng di dng li (FIG Feasibility
Impact Grid Li tc ng kh thi)

Dng nh gi tc ng ca bt k
ci tin no ca h thng hin c
N c th nng cao nhn thc v
tc ng thc hin trn cc
mc tiu ca cng ty
Mt nh phn tch c th s
dng mt mng li tc ng
kh thi hin th nh th no
mi thnh phn h thng nh
hng n mc tiu qu trnh.
Phn tch ngun lc ca d n

Timeboxing :
o Khong thi gian ( bao gm c thi hn cui cng) cho
mt cng vic hoc mt nhm cng vic no cn
phi hon thnh
o Cc tnh nng quan trng nht c pht trin
u tin v thc hin ng thi hn
o Cc tnh nng khc c thm vo sau .
Qun l nhm:
o Tp hp nhm li
Gi tr chung ca lm vic theo nhm
o c ngh nghip tt
Trung thc
Nng lc
Sn sng m nhn vai tr lnh o da trn
chuyn mn
ng lc
S nhit tnh cho d n
Tin tng ca ng i
o Chin lc giao tip nhm
Mt nhm cn c 2 ngi trng nhm
Mt l ngi dn dt thnh vin hon thnh nhim
v
Mt ngi lo cc mi quan h x hi
Cc nh phn tch h thng cn qun l :
- Thnh vin trong nhm
- Thi gian v ngun lc ca mnh
- Hot ng ca thnh vin
o Mc tiu nng sut d n
o ng lc cc thnh vin trong nhm
d n thnh cng i hi rng cc mc tiu nng
sut hp l cho kt qu u ra hu hnh v cc
hot ng quy trnh c thit lp
Thit lp mc tiu gp phn thc y cc thnh
vin

Tnh kh thi v k thut (Technical):

Nng cp, b sung vo h thng hin ti
c th p ng c yu cu ca d
n. Hoc, c sn mt k thut thc
hin c d n.
o Tnh kh thi v kinh t (Economic): Khi
cc gi tr u t vt qu thi gian v
chi ph cho php, Chuyn gia v i ng
phn tch thi gian, Thi gian nhn vin
kinh doanh, Phn cng, Phn mm, pht
trin phn mm
o Tnh kh thi hot ng (Operational): 2. Chng 6 Agile Modeling and
Prototyping
Xc nh ngun lc nhn s c
vn hnh h thng khi n c ci t
Prototyping : l mt k thut thu thp thng tin hu ch
PERT Diagram ( Activity Planning and
trong vic tm kim cc phn ng, cc xut, cc
Control)
kin v cc k hoch sa i ca ngi dng.
o Khi cc hot ng c th thc hin song
Agile Modeling : l mt s la chn sng to, gm
song th nn dng PERT Diagram
nhng phng php tip cn ngi dng lm trung tm
o D dng xc nh c th t u tin
pht trin h thng.
o D dng xc nh cc con ng
Cc loi Prototyping :
quan trng ( critical paths ) v cc hot
o Patched-up : Mt h thng c chp v t nhiu
ng quan trng ( critical activities)
thnh phn khc nhau. H thng gm y tnh
o D xc nh c slack time
nng nhng hot ng khng hiu qu. Ngi
o

dng c th tng tc vi h
thng.Nhng vic thu hi v lu tr thng
tin c th khng hiu qu.
Nonoperational: Dng kim tra mt kha
cnh ca thit k. Ngoi ra i vi mt ng
dng m khi to ra prototype qu t
o First-of-a-series: Mt prototype (full-scale)
ton din c ci t trong mt hoc hai
a im u tin, v nu thnh cng, bn
sao c lp t ti tt c cc a im
da trn m hnh s dng ca khch
hng v cc yu t quan trng khc .
Prototype hon ton hot ng.
o Selected features : Xy dng mt m
hnh hot ng bao gm mt s, nhng
khng phi tt c cc tnh nng m cc
h thng cui cng s c Mt s, nhng
khng phi tt c, tnh nng cn thit
mi c. c xy dng trong cc mun Mt phn ca h thng thc t
Trnh trng hp khch hng dng
lun prototype ny.
SDLC - mt cch tip cn c h thng hp l
theo di s pht trin ca h thng thng tin.

Thay v s dng mu thay th cc mu s dng

SDLC l mt phn ca SDLC
u im
o Hiu qu rt ngn thi gian gia s
chng minh cc yu cu thng tin ca
con ngi v cung cp mt h thng
hon ton kh thi. Khc phc mt s vn
trong vic xc nh chnh xc cc yu
cu thng tin ngi dng.
Nhc im
o Sm hnh thnh mt h thng trc khi
vn hoc c hi c gii quyt trit
c hiu.
o C th dn n sn xut mt h thng
c chp nhn bi cc nhm c th
ca ngi s dng, nhng l cho
nhu cu ca ton h thng.
RAD: rapid application development : Mt
cch tip cn hng i tng pht trin
cc h thng bao gm mt phng php pht

trin cng nh cc cng c phn mm (

Requirement Design Implement )
o Thun li:
C nhiu cng c h tr

3.

Ngi dng thy c m hnh trc quan

Hin thc bt cng thng v
ngi dng gip thit k cc
kha cnh kinh doanh ca h
thng.
o Kh khn: Thiu ti liu, c gng
y nhanh d n qu nhiu

Prototype :
o Bt li:
Kh qun l nu dng trong mt d n ln
hn
Ngi s dng v cc nh
phn tch c th p dng mt
nguyn mu l mt h thng
hon thnh
o Thun li:
Tim nng cho vic thay i h thng u
trong s pht trin ca n
C hi ngn chn s pht trin ca h
thng nu n khng lm vic
Kh nng pht trin mt h thng trong
cp k hn nhu cu v mong i ca
ngi s dng
Agile Modeling : C gng xc nh
mt k hoch tng th h thng mt
cch nhanh chng, pht trin v pht
hnh phn mm mt cch nhanh chng,
v sau lin tc sa i cc phn
mm thm tnh nng b sung
o 5 gi tr ca cch tip cn bng Agile
Cung cp thng tin phn hi nhanh chng
Gi s n gin
Thay i tng bc
thay i bao qut
Cht lng cng vic ng khch l
Chng 9 : M t quy trnh k thut v
cc cu trc ra quyt nh
Structured English :
o c s dng khi logic qu trnh
lin quan n cng thc hoc lp

i lp li, hoc khi quyt nh cu trc khng

phc tp
o Da trn logic cu trc v cu ting Anh n
gin nh thm, nhn, v di chuyn
IF, THEN, ELSE, DO, and PERFORM
o Gch di cc t hoc cm t c nh
ngha trong t in d liu
o

Lm r nhng iu khon hp l hin nay thay

v ch i cho n khi giai on chng trnh
m ha.
Decision Table : Mt bng cc hng v ct,
tch ra thnh bn phn: iu kin, La chn
thay th iu kin, Hot ng c thc hin,
Ni quy thc hin cc hnh ng

o
4.

Kim tra tnh y v chnh xc.

Khng hon chnh
Tnh hung bt kh thi

Mu thun
D tha
o Li ch :
V s lng ct tng theo s la chn v iu
kin thay th ( 7 iu, 2 thay th 128 ct)
Nn gim s lng cc ct

Xc nh c yu cu phn cng/phn mm
Kim k cc phn cng hin c
o c tnh khi lng cng vic h
thng hin ti v tng lai
o nh gi phn cng v phn mm c sn
o Chn nh cung cp
o C c cc thit b my tnh
Mua cc thit b my tnh :
o Buying mua
Khi cc h thng tr nn nh hn,
mnh hn, r hn, v h thng
phn phi ngy cng tr nn ph
bin, nhiu doanh nghip ang
quyt nh mua thit b.
R hn thu trong di hn
Ton quyn iu khin
Khu tr thu
Kh nng thay i h thng
Chi ph ban u cao
Chu trch nhim hon ton vi thit b
Nguy c li thi
Nguy c
o Leasing thu ngn hn
R hn thu di hn

- S dng mc m rng
- S dng cc quy tc ELSE
- Xy dng nhiu bng: Gip phn tch m bo
y , D dng kim tra cc li c th
Tnh hung bt kh thi
Mu thun
D tha

Decision Tree: Cy quyt nh c s dng khi phn

nhnh phc tp xy ra trong mt qu trnh quyt nh cu
trc . Cy cng rt hu ch khi n l iu cn thit gi
cho mt chui cc quyt nh trong mt trnh t c th
Quy tc v : Xc nh tt c cc iu kin v hnh ng
v th t ca chng v thi gian (nu n l quan trng).
Bt u xy dng cy t tri sang phi, m bo bn lit
k tt c cc la chn thay th tt trc khi di chuyn
sang bn phi
Li ch :
o D hiu hn bng quyt nh
o Trnh t kim tra iu kin v thc hin hnh
ng ngay lp tc ng ch

Chng 10: Trnh by Proposal ca d n.

o
o
o

Cc iu kin v hnh ng c
tm thy trn mt s nhnh

o
o
o

Khng u t chi ph ban u

Khng yu cu ti chnh
Cng ty khng lm ch h thng khi
ht hn hp ng
B pht khi vi phm hp ng thu
Mc hn so vi mua
Rental thu di hn
Khng u t chi ph ban u
Khng yu cu ti chnh
D thay i h thng
Bao gm c vic bo tr Chi ph thu rt cao

T to ra phn mm s dng
Mua cc gi phn mm COTS commerce-ofthe-cost
Chn 1 nh cung cp ASP Application
Services Provider

nh gi phn mm :
o Hiu qu hot ng
o D s dng
o Mm do
o Cht lng ca ti liu
o H tr ca nh sn xut bo tr

nh gi cc chi ph hu hnh v v hnh

o Chi ph v hnh: Kh quy c thnh
tin
Mt mt li th cnh tranh
Mt danh ting
Suy gim hnh nh cng ty
Ra quyt nh hiu qu
o Chi ph hu hnh : Quy ra c thnh
tin
Chi ph thit b
Chi ph ti nguyn
Chi ph thi gian h thng cc nh phn
tch
Chi ph thi gian lp trnh
Lng nhn vin

Trnh by proposal gm 10 mc
o Cover letter Th ng
o Title page of project Tiu ca d n
o Table of contents Bng ni dung
o Executive summary tm tt nhng vic
lm
o Outline of systems study with appropriate
documentation nhng ni dung chnh
o Detailed results of the systems
study chi tit k qu t c
o Systems alternatives H thng thay th
o Systems analysts recommendations H
thng khuyn ngh
o Summary Tng kt
o Appendices Mc lc

Chng 15 : Thit k th tc nhp d

liu chnh xc
Cch thc nhp d liu chnh xc
Cc vn c th xy ra khi nhp liu
o Validating input transactions:
D liu b li khi ang gi i
D liu c gi ln bi 1 c nhn khng
xc thc
Yu cu h thng thc hin
mt chc nng khng th chp
nhn
o Validating Input Data:
Th nghim d liu b mt
Th nghim chiu di chnh xc
ca mt trng c th
Kim tra cc lp hoc thnh phn

5.

Th nghim phm vi hoc tnh hp l

Kim tra cc gi tr khng hp l
kim tra tham chiu cho
Kim tra so snh vi cc d
liu c lu tr
Thit lp m s t xc nhn (kim tra ch
s)
Biu thc thng thng
Members ti liu XML
DTD
Lc
Chng 16: m bo cht lng phn
mm

Six Sigma :
Mt nn vn ha c xy dng
trn cht lng
o S dng mt phng php tip
cn t trn xung ( top-down)
o Lnh o d n c gi l Black Belt
o Thnh vin d n c gi l Green Belt
o Thc s Black Belt lm vic trn nhiu d
n v c sn nh l mt ngun ti nguyn
cho cc i d n
Trch nhim qun l cht lng (TQM Total
Quality Management)
o Tt c cc t chc nn c b phn h tr
qun l cht lng
o

Cn phi c s cam kt cht lng t cc nh phn tch

v ngi dng doanh nghip

Structured Walkthroughs:
o nh gi lin tc cht lng sn phm mt cch
c h thng.
o Ch ra c vn hin c
o Cho php lp trnh vin v nh phn tch d thay
i
o S dng mt chuyn gia phn bin gim st
cc chng trnh v pht trin tng th ca h
thng
Thit k v pht trin h thng System Design and
Development
o Bottom-Up :
Xc nh qu trnh cn tin hc ha khi n pht
sinh
Phn tch chng nh mt h thng
T coding hay mua cc gi phn mm p
ng cc vn trc mt
Khuyt im :
C mt s trng lp cc n lc trong vic mua
phn mm, v nhp d liu
D liu v gi tr c nhp vo h thng
Mc tiu tng th ca t chc khng c xem
xt, do khng th c p ng
o Top-Down:
Gip xc nh mc tiu tng th ca tng h
thng
H thng c chia lm cc h thng con v yu
cu cho tng h thng
u im :
Trnh c s xo trn trong h thng khi c
gng hon thnh cng mt lc cc h thng
con
Cho php cc i phn tch h thng cng lm
vic song song trn cc h thng con khc
nhau khi cn thit Tit kim thi gian
Trnh vic mt ci nhn tng th v nhng g cn
lm cho h thng

Nhc im:
H thng gp vn khi mt trong cc h thng con b
li
Khi phn chia thnh cc h thng con th giao din ca
n s khng c ch trng hoc b b qua.

Cc h thng con phi c dn dn ti hp

nht li.
o Modular:
Thch hp cho m hnh top-down
Mi module s c mt chc nng gng
kt vi cc module khc
Li ch :
D vit v sa li
D bo tr
D nm bt v n l h thng con khp
kn
o Type of Module:
Control Module:
Gn pha trn cng ca biu cu trc v
cha logic thc hin cc m-un cp thp
C th hoc khng th c biu din trn s
lung d liu
Thng thng cha cc mnh IF,
Perform, Do
Khng nn c kch thc qu ln
Transformational Modules:
To ra t mt s lung d liu
Thng thng thc hin ch c mt
nhim v
C nhiu mnh trn ln : IF, PERFORM, DO,
MOVE, ADD
Functional Modules:
Thc hin ch c mt nhim v
Cch d dng nht code, g li, v
bo tr
Testing : Link Test , Full Test vi d liu gi v
d liu tht
Maintain: Cp nht, ci thin, phn mm hin
c, gim chi ph bo tr,
Auditing Ghi systemlog

6.

Chng 17: Hin thc thnh cng h thng

Chin lc chuyn i Conversion Strategies
Direct changeover: Chuyn i trc tip
u im:
Chuyn i trc tip khi ngi dng khng cn
kh nng s dng h thng c hn l h
thng mi
Nhc im :
Tr hon lu di khi c li xy ra

Ngi dng khng quen vi h thng mi

Khng phn tch so snh
kt qu gia ci c v ci mi
o Parallel Conversion chuyn i song
song
u im:
Bo mt cho ngi dng

C th kim tra li d liu ca h thng c

Bt li:
Chi ph vn hnh song song c 2 h thng
cao
Cng vic ca nhn vin s tng ln 2
Khi c chn th nhn vin c th s
chn h thng c
o Gradual Conversion Chuyn i tng
bc
u im:
Cho php ngi dng dn dn
quen vi h thng mi
Bt li:
Dng qu lu c c mt h thng
mi ti ch

Khng ph hp cho vic chuyn i cc h

thng nh
o Modular Prototype Conversion
u im:
Mi module c kim tra k lng trc khi c s
dng
Ngi dng quen thuc vi mi m-un khi
n c vn hnh
Bt li:
Prototyping thng l khng kh thi

Executive information system: game,

organism
o K thut nh gi:
Phn tch li ch chi ph
Phng php nh gi quyt nh sa i

Phi ch n giao din

o Distributed Conversion
u im: Vn c th c pht hin v ngn chn
Bt li: Ty thuc vo tng ni s c t th cng vic
ring nn khng th p dng chung cho tt c
o Security :
Physical :
Logical:
Behavioral:
o Metaphore - n d
Tranditional MIS : Family-society-machine

Decision support system: Family-society

organism
Expert System AI : Game, organism, machine
Competitive system: game, organism, journey

nh gi s tham gia ca ngi s dng

Cch tip cn tin ch h thng thng tin

o Cc phng php tip cn h thng thng tin:

Possession chim hu, Form, Place, Time,
Actualization hin thc ha, Goal
o Website Evaluation :
Bit c khi no trang web thng xuyn
c truy cp
Tm hiu chi tit cc cng c c trn trang web
Xc nh trnh duyt khch dng truy cp
Dng form kho st ngi truy cp

Tm hiu khch hng qung co