‘aa016 Mechanics of Material: Stain efunda say en tchanies of Materia: Strain smearvonnti a soe, SB, 2 wee & Applications Rosette Strain Gages Foiture Crtera| 0. xX Calculators po stress Transform Consider @ rod with intial length L which is stretched to a length L ‘The strain measure «, a dimensionless ratio, is defined as the ratio of elongation with respect to the original length, Strain Transform wabat z Principal Stress Principal Strain ° taste Constants a + Resources Infinitesimal 1D Strain PLosin ——— ‘The above strain measure is defined in a global sense. The st bar's elastic modulus or cross-sectional area changes. To track down the strain at each point, further refinement in the definition is needed. rain at each pelnt may vary dramatically If the Consider an arbitrary point in the bar P, which has a position vector L ole 1X % 8nd ts nftesimal neighbor ox, Point P shifts to BY, which nes position vector x’ after te stretch. Inthe meantime, the small bri 'step" dx is stretched to dx’ The strain at point pcan be defined the same as in the clabal strain 0. i X measure, . xe - b#— L' —_+ Oe Since the displacement y= 2 x, the strain can hence be rewriten as, oaths ae dr General Definition of 30 Strain {sin the one éimensional strain derivation, suppose that point Pin a body shifts to point P after deformation. hitpulvw.eunda,comfoemuaalsalid_ mechanicsimat_ mechaviesistrain.cin 18‘aeea016 hitpulvw.eunda,comfoemuaalsalid_ mechanicsimat_ mechaviesistrain.cin Mechanics of Material: Stain where wis the displacement vactor, x Is coordinete, and the two inclces / and J can range over the three coordinates (1, 2, 3} In three dimensional space. Expanding the above equation for each coordinate direction gives, ona where u, v, and w are the displacements inthe x, y, and z directions respectively (Ie. they are the components of u) 3D Strain Matrix ‘There are 2 total of 6 strain measures. These 6 measures can be organized into a mateix (similar in form to the 39 stress matrix), shown here, lex ew fx Sy 8 lec fey fa Engineering Shear Strai Focus on the strain ey for a moment. The expression Inside the parentheses can be rewritten as, where ty ey +epe in the x-y plane. In constrast, the shear strain ¢q is the average of the shear strain on the x face along the ey - Called the engineering shear strain, ju is a total measure of shear strain ¥ direction, and on the y face along the x direction‘aeea016 Mechanics of Material: Stain ‘Shear strain tensors the average Engineer shear staln is the total of two sans, 2 shear ean, Le, yy = (Ovex ACU 9/2 Tay = CY Engineering shear strain \s commonly used in enginesring reference books. However, please beware of the itference between shear strain and engineering shear strain, so as to avoid errors in mathematical manipulations ‘Compatibility Conditions In the strain-displacement relationships, there are six strain measures but only three independent displacements, That is, there are 6 unknowns for only 3 independent variables. AS a result there exist 3 constraint, or compatibility, equations. These compatiblity conditions for infinitesimal strain refered to rectangular Cartesian coordinates are, In two dimensional problems (e.g. plane strain), all z terms are set to zero, The compatibility equations reduce to, Note that some references use engineering shear strain (Ixy =Syy +épx =26) when referencing compatibility equations hitpulvw.eunda,comfoemuaalsalid_ mechanicsimat_ mechaviesistrain.cin