Giáo Trình: Hệ Thống Máy Lạnh Công Nghiệp

B T LNH B I BIN PHNG
TRNG TRUNG CP NGH S 11
GIO TRNH
H THNG MY LNH CNG NGHIP
NGH: K THUT MY LNH V
IU HA KHNG KH
TRNH : TRUNG CP NGH
B T LNH B I BIN PHNG

TRNG TRUNG CP NGH S 11
GIO TRNH MN HC
H THNG MY LNH CNG NGHIP
(Lu hnh ni b)
BIN SON: Hng Kin
Vnh phc, thng .. nm 2013
LI GII THIU
Quyn sch ny gii thiu v cc s h thng lnh, s mch in
trong thc t nh kho lnh, b cy; cc phng php lp t vn hnh, bo
dng v sa cha.
Cun sch ny nhm trang b cho sinh vin ngnh k thut my lnh v
iu ha khng kh nhng kin thc, k nng cn thit ng dng trong thc t.
Ngoi ra, quyn sch ny cng rt hu ch cho cc cn b, k thut vin mun
tm hiu v cc h thng lnh trong cng nghip.
Quyn gio trnh ny l s ni tip cho sinh vin hc cc m un trc
nh lnh cn bn, lnh dn dngV l nn tn sinh vin hc tp cc m
un nng cao v thc tp sn xut.
Xin trn trong cm n Qu thy c trong b mn in lnh Trng cao
ng ngh Vit-c Vnh Phc h tr hon thnh c quyn gio trnh
ny.
Cun sch chn chn khng trnh khi nhng thiu st, chng ti mong
nhn c cc kin ng gp ca cc bn c.
Vnh Phc, ngy..thng. nm
Bin son
Hng Kin
MC LC
MC
TRANG
Li gii thiu.........................................................................................................3
Mc lc..................................................................................................................4
M un h thng my lnh cng nghip...............................................................5
Yu cu nh gi hon thnh mn hc..................................................................6
Bi 1: Lp t h thng v thit b kho lnh cng nghip.....................................7
1. c bn v thi cng, chun b trang thit b phc v lp t............................7
2. Lp t cc thit b chnh trong kho lnh........................................................12
3. Lp t cc thit b ph trong kho lnh...........................................................16
4. Ht chn khng - np gas, chy th h thng.................................................21
Bi 2: Lp t h thng lnh my cy............................................................25
1. c bn v thi cng, chun b trang thit b phc v lp t..........................25
2. Lp t cc thit b chnh trong my ..........................................................29
3. Lp t cc thit b ph trong my cy.......................................................33
4. Ht chn khng - np gas, chy th h thng.................................................38
Bi 3: Vn hnh h thng lnh............................................................................42
1. Kim tra h thng lnh....................................................................................42
2. Khi ng h thng.........................................................................................42
3. Mt s thao tc trong qu trnh vn hnh........................................................43
4. Theo di cc thng s k thut........................................................................47
Bi 4. Bo tr - Bo dng h thng lnh............................................................49
1. Kim tra h thng lnh....................................................................................49
2. Bo dng cc thit b chnh...........................................................................50
3. Bo tr - Bo dng cc thit b trong h thng..............................................55
Bi 5: Sa cha h thng lnh.............................................................................57
1. Kim tra xc nh nguyn nhn h hng.........................................................57
2. Kim tra - sa cha cc thit b chnh trong h thng lnh.............................57
3. Kim tra - sa cha cc thit b ph trong h thng lnh................................60
4. Sa cha h thng in...................................................................................62
5. Sa cha h thng nc..................................................................................63
Bi 6: Vn hnh, x l s c trong mt s h thng lnh...................................65
1. Vn hnh h thng lnh c s dng thit b Dixell.........................................65
2. Vn hnh h thng lnh c s dng thit b PLC............................................72
3.Vn hnh x l cc s c trong h thng lnh.................................................81
MODUL: H THNG MY LNH CNG NGHIP

M mn hc/m un: M 22
I. V TR, TNH CHT M UN:
- V tr:
+ H thng lnh cng nghip l m un chuyn mn trong chng trnh
Cao ng ngh K thut my lnh v iu ho khng kh.
+ Mn hc c sp xp sau khi hc xong cc mn hc c s: C s k
thut lnh v iu ho khng kh, o lng in - lnh, Lnh c bn v My
lnh dn dng;
- Tnh cht:
+ L m un bt buc, khng th thiu trong ngh k thut my lnh v
iu ho khng kh v trong qu trnh hc tp cng nh lm vic chng ta
thng xuyn phi tip xc vi cc cng vic nh: lp t, vn hnh, bo dng,
sa cha cc h thng my lnh cng nghip nh cc loi kho lnh, my , t
cp ng...
II. MC TIU M UN:
- Trang b cho hc vin nhng kin thc c bn v c bn v, s dng
dng c, ngh v cc k thut lp t, vn hnh, bo dng, sa cha cc h
thng my lnh cng nghip.
- Thc hnh lp t, vn hnh, bo dng, sa cha v o kim tra, nh
gi cc h thng my lnh cng nghip.
- S dng thnh tho cc dng c ngh o kim tra v cc thit b an
ton.
- Nm vng nguyn l cu to, hot ng ca cc h thng my lnh cng
nghip.
- Lp t, vn hnh, bo dng, sa cha cc h thng my lnh cng
nghip ng yu cu k thut.
- o kim tra, nh gi c cc h thng my lnh cng nghip.
- Cn thn, kin tr
- Yu ngh, ham hc hi
- Thu xp ni lm vic gn gng ngn np
- m bo an ton cho ngi v thit b
III. NI DUNG M UN:
1. Ni dung tng qut v phn phi thi gian:
Loi
Thi gian
M
Tn cc bi trong
bi
a im Tng
L
Thc Kim
bi
m un
dy
s
thuyt hnh tra*
M23- Bi 1: Lp t h
24
6
17
1
Xng
01
thng v thit b
Tch
thc
kho lnh cng
hp
hnh
nghip
M23- Bi 2: Lp t h
Tch
Xng
36
12
23
1
5
02
thng lnh my
cy
M23- Bi 3: Vn hnh h
03
thng lnh
M23- Bi 4:Bo tr - Bo
04
dng h thng
lnh
M23- Bi 5: Sa cha h
05
thng lnh
M23- Bi 6: Vn hnh,
06
x l s c trong
mt s h thng
lnh
M23- Bi 7: Kim tra kt
07
thc
hp
Tch
hp
Tch
hp
Tch
hp
thc
hnh
Xng
thc
hnh
Xng
thc
hnh
Xng
thc
hnh
30
20
24
17
30
20
30
12
16
Tch
hp
Xng
thc
hnh
Tch
hp
Xng
thc
hnh
Cng
180
54
111
15
IV. IU KIN THC HIN CHNG TRNH:

- T chc ging dy theo lp hc l thuyt v thc hnh
- S tit ging dy khng qu 35 tit/tun
- Hc sinh phi c ti liu i km
V. PHNG PHP V NI DUNG NH GI:
- nh gi s hiu bit ca hc sinh theo l thuyt, v cu hi kim tra thng
xuyn.
- nh gi k nng ca hc sinh theo thc hnh.
- im nh gi m un H Thng m Lnh Cng Nghip t khi im thnh
phn tha mn:
+ im l thuyt: LT 5
+ im thc hnh: TH 5
-im tng kt c tnh nh sau: TK = (LT + TH)/2
Bi 1: LP T H THNG V THIT B KHO LNH CNG NGHIP

Mc tiu:
- Nm c cc quy nh, k hiu bn v thi cng;
- Hiu v cu to, mc ch s dng ca cc trang, thit b phc v lp
t;
- Hiu mc ch v phng php lp t cc thit b chnh, ph trong kho
lnh;
- Kim tra c thng s ca thit b trc khi lp;
- Lp t cc thit b chnh, ph trong kho lnh ng quy trnh v m bo
an ton
Ni dung chnh:
1. c bn v thi cng, chun b trang thit b phc v lp t:
1.1. c bn v mt bng lp t:
Hnh 1.1: Mt bng nh my thy hi sn

Nh my thy hi sn:
- Kho lnh cng sut 250 tn ( nhit t -25 n -30 0C) vi din tch 192 m2.
- Bung cp ng cng sut 10 tn/ ngy ( nhit t - 23 0C) vi din tch 96
m2.
- Bung bo qun cng sut 10 tn ( nhit t 0 0C) c din tch 32 m2.
- Gian ch bin rng 128 m2. Gian my rng 96 m2.
1.2. c bn v thit k h thng lnh:
Hnh 1.2: S h thng lnh kho cp ng mi cht R22

1- My nn; 2- Bnh cha; 3- Bnh ngng; 4- Bnh tch du; 5- Bnh tch lng
hi nhit; 6- Dn lnh; 7- Thp gii nhit; 8- Bm nc gii nhit; 9- Bnh trung
gian; 10- B lc; 11- B nc; 12- Bm x bng
H thng gm cc thit b chnh sau y
- My nn: H thng s dng my nn 2 cp. Cc loi my nn lnh
thng hay c s dng l MYCOM, York-Frick, Bitzer, Copeland vv
- Bnh trung gian: i vi h thng lnh 2 cp s dng frn ngi ta
thng s dng bnh trung gian kiu nm ngang. Bnh trung gian kiu ny rt
gn, thun li lp t, vn hnh v cc thit b ph i km t hn.
i vi h thng nh c th s dng bnh trung gian kiu tm bn ca
Alfalaval chi ph thp nhng rt hiu qu.
i vi h thng NH3, ngi ta s dng bnh trung gian kiu ng vi
y cc thit b bo v, an ton.
- Bnh tch lng hi nhit: Trong cc h thng lnh thng cc thit b kt
hp mt hay nhiu cng dng. Trong h thng frn ngi ta s dng bnh tch
lng kim chc nng hi nhit. S kt hp ny thng lm tng hiu qu ca c
2 chc nng.
Hnh 1.3: S nguyn l t cp ng cp dch bng bm

1.My nn, 2.Bnh cha cao p, 3.Thp ngng t, 4.Bnh tch du, 5.Bnh cha
h p, 6.Bnh trung gian, 7.T cp ng, 8.Bnh thu hi du, 9.Bm dch,
10.Bm nc gii nhit
Hnh trn l s nguyn l h thng t cp ng tip xc s dng bm
cp dch. Theo s ny, dch lng c bm bm thng vo cc tm lc nn
tc chuyn ng bn trong rt cao, hiu qu truyn nhit tng ln r rt, do
gim ng k thi gian cp ng. Thi gian cp ng ch cn khong 1gi
302 gi 30.
1.3. c bn v mch in ng lc v iu khin:
Mt h thng lnh nhit thp gm:
My nn ba pha, mch pump out c gim ti khi khi ng. Van gim
ti c ng mch 2 giy sau khi chuyn vo mch u tam gic ca my nn.
hn ch dng khi ng, mch khi ng thit k kiu sao tam gic.
Qut dn ngng kiu ba pha, khi ng trc tip.
Qu trnh x bng c thc hin thng qua ng h x bng KT 1.
in tr x bng lm vic khi my nn ngng. (Khng tnh thi gian my nn
ht kit). Kt thc qu trnh x bng bng mt rle nhit x bng .
Trong chui an ton c: rle nhit bo v qu ti my nn, rle nhit
bo v qu ti qut dn bay hi, rle nhit bo v qu ti qut dn ngng, rle
p sut cao, rle hiu p du. Cc kh c trn c chung mt n bo s c v nt
Reset.
10
Cc n bo: My nn ON, X bng, S c chung.

Cu ch: cu ch chnh, cu ch mch iu khin v cu ch cc kh c.
H thng c mt cng tc chnh 3 cc kha c.
Hnh 1.4: Mch in ng lc
11
Hnh 1.5: Mch in iu khin

KA1 Rle trung gian mch iu
khin
KA2 Rle trung gian mch s c
KA3 Rle trung gian mch pump
out
KT1 ng h x bng
KT2 Rle thi gian khng ch khi
ng sao tam gic
KT3 Rle thi gian ng mch van
gim ti
VT1 Van in t gim ti
VT2 Van in t dn bay hi
R in tr x bng
FR1 Rle nhit my nn
FR2 Rle nhit qut dn bay hi
FR3 Rle nhit qut dn ngng

HP Rle p sut cao
LP Rle p sut thp
OP Rle p hiu p du
T Rle nhit phng
T1 Rle x bng
K1 Contactor my nn
K2 Contactor qut dn bay hi
K3 Contactor qut dn ngng
K4 Contactor ng c ni tan gic
K5 Contactor ng c ni sao
H1 n bo s c
H2 n bo my nn lm vic
H3 n bo x bng
S Nt nhn Reset
12
1.4. Chun b trang thit b phc v lp t:

Trc khi lp rp cc thit b trong h thng lnh cn phi chun b mt s
cng vic sau:
- Dng c, thit b bo v an ton cho con ngi v my, thit b nh:Giy v
nn bo h.Nu lm vic trong mi trng nhiu bi bn cn phi c knh, khu
trang.Lm vic trong nhng ni c ting n ln phi c nt tai chng n.
- Chun b dn gio, dy an ton khi lm vic trn cao.
- Chun b dng c an ton in nh bt th in, ampe km, ng h vn nng
VOM.
- Chun b n chiu sng khi lm vic trong mi trng thiu nh sng.
- Thit b, my mc cn lp t trong h thng.
- Chun b cn cu, thang my khi lp t my, thit b trn cao.
- Chun b my hn, my ct, khoan
- Km, tuc n vt, m lt, dng c h tr khc...
2. Lp t cc thit b chnh trong kho lnh:
2.1. Lp t cm my nn:
- a my vo v tr lp t : Khi cu chuyn cn ch ch c mc vo cc
v tr c nh sn, khng c mc tu tin vo ng, thn my gy try xc v
h hng my nn.
- Khi lp t my nn cn ch n cc vn : thao tc vn hnh, kim tra,
an ton, bo tr, tho d, thi cng ng ng, sa cha, thng gi v chiu sng thun
li nht.
- My nn lnh thng c lp t trn cc b mng b tng ct thp. i vi
cc my nh c th lp t trn cc khung st hoc ngay trn cc bnh ngng thnh
01 khi nh cc cm my lnh water chiller.
- B mng phi cao hn b mt nn ti thiu 100mm, trnh b t bn khi v
sinh gian my. B mng c tnh ton theo ti trng ng ca n, my c gn
cht ln nn b tng bng cc bu lng chn sn, chc chn. Kh nng chu ng ca
mng phi t t nht 2,3 ln ti trng ca my nn k c mt.
- B mng khng c c lin vi kt cu xy dng ca to nh trnh truyn
chn ng lm hng kt cu xy dng. chn ng khng truyn vo kt cu xy
dng nh khong cch ti thiu t b mng n mng nht t nht 30cm. Ngoi ra
nn dng vt liu chng rung gia mng gia mng my v mng nh.
- Cc bu lng c nh my vo b mng c th c sn trong b tng trc
hoc sau khi lp t my ri chn vo sau cng c. Phng php chn bu lng sau
khi lp my thun li hn. Mun vy cn sn cc l c kch thc ln hn yu
cu, khi a thit b vo v tr , ta tin hnh lp bu lng ri sau cho va xi mng
vo c nh bu lng .
- Nu t my cc tng trn th phi t trn cc b chng rung v b qu
tnh.
1-
Nn nh; 2- B l xo gim chn; 3- B qu tnh; 4- Cm my lnh

Hnh 1.6: Gim chn cm my khi t cc tng lu
- Sau khi a c my vo v tr lp t dng thc level kim tra mc
nm ngang, kim tra mc ng trc ca dy ai. Khng c c y cc dy ai
vo puli, nn ni lng khong cch gia mt v my nn ri cho dy ai vo, sau
vn bu lng y bn trt. Kim tra cng ca dy ai bng cch n nu thy lng
bng chiu dy ca dy l t yu cu.
+Khi thay nn thay c b dy ai, khng nn dng chung c ln mi v khng
tng xng d lm rung bt thng, gim tui th ca dy. Khng c cho du, m
vo dy ai.
+Khi thay cc dy ai mi th sau 48 gi lm vic cn kim tra li cng ca
cc dy ai v nh k kim tra, c bit khi thy cc dy ai chuyn ng khng
u. Khng c cho du m vo dy ai lm hng dy.
- C th kh cc truyn ng ca my nn theo ng ng bng cch s dng
ng mm ni vo my nn theo tt c cc hng, c bit cn ch ti cc gi
ng.
2.2. Lp t cm ngng t:
Khi lp t thit b ngng t cn lu n vn gii nhit ca thit b, nh
hng c nhit ngng t n xung quanh, kh nng thot mi cht lng v bnh cha
gii phng b mt trao i nhit.
- mi cht lnh sau khi ngng t c th t chy v bnh cha cao p, thit b
ngng t thng c lp t trn cao, trn cc b b tng, cc gi hoc ngay
trn bnh cha thnh 01 cm m ngi ta thng gi l cm condensing unit.
- V tr lp t thit b ngng t cn thong mt cho php d hngvti con
ngi v qu trnh sn xut.
* i vi bnh ngng ng chm nm ngang:
Bnh ngng t ng chm nm ngang c cu to gn nh, tuy nhin khi lp t

cn ch n khong h hai u bnh c th v sinh bnh trong thi k bo
dng.
Cc on ng ng nc gii nhit vo ra bnh d dng tho d khi v sinh.
Khi din tch trao i nhit ca bnh F = 200 400m2 ng knh ng dn lng phi d
>70mm. Khi din tch nh hn 200 m2 th d > 50mm. i vi bnh ngng thun
li cho vic tun hon mi cht lnh, bt buc phi c ng cn bng ni vi bnh
cha.
Bnh ngng cn c trang b ng h p sut v van an ton vi p sut tc ng
19,5kG/cm2. Cc np bnh v ni cc ng nc vo ra phi c cc van x air. Bnh
ngng c sn mu
* Dn ngng t bay hi:
Dn ngng t bay hi c t trn cc b b tng ngoi tri. Khi hot ng
nc c th b cun theo gi hoc bn ra t b nc, v th nn t dn xa cc cng
trnh xy dng t nht 1500 mm
Dn ngng t bay hi c trang b van x nc y, van phao t ng cp
nc, thang tro ln nh dn. y b cha nc dc chy kit nc khi v
sinh. u ht bm c li chn rc
Pha trn dn ngng t c cc ca v sinh v thay th cc u phun ca dn
phun nc. chn nc lp trn cng dng zic zc
* Dn ngng kiu ti:
Dn ngng t kiu ti c lp t ngay trn b nc tun hon . B t ni thong
mt v d thot nhit ra mi trng, khng gy nh hng n xung quanh .Pha di
b nc c t cc tm li tre tng cng qu trnh tn nhit
* Dn ngng khng kh :
Khi lng ni chung ca cc dn ngng khng kh thng khng ln, v th i b
phn cc dn ngng c t trn cc gi ngoi tri
Do hiu qu trao i nhit thng khng ln nn khi lp cn lu trnh b bc
x nhit trc tip, cn c khng gian thot gi ln
2.3. Lp t dn bay hi - van tit lu:
Thit b bay hi c nhiu dng, mi mt dng c nhng cch lp t khc
nhau.
* Dn lnh khng kh
Dn lnh khng kh c s dng trong cc h thng kho lnh, kho cp ng,
h thng cp ng gi v I.Q.F.
Khi lp t cn lu hng tun hon gi sao cho thun li v thch hp nht.
Tm vi ca gi thot ra dn lnh khong 10m khi chiu di ln cn b tr thm dn
lnh hoc lp thm h thng knh dn gi trn u ra ca dn lnh.
Khi lp dn lnh cn phi khong h pha sau dn lnh mt khong t nht

500mm. ng thot nc dn lnh phi dc, u ra nn c chi tit c ngng ngn
khng kh nng trn vo kho, gy ra cc tn tht nhit khng cn thit.
* Bnh bay hi
Bnh bay hi c s dng lm lnh cht lng nh glycol, nc, nc
mui. Bnh thng c lp t bn trong nh t trn cc gi bng b tng.
Van tit lu t ng c lp t trn ng cp dch vo dn lnh.
Vic chn van tit lu phi ph hp vi cng sut v ch nhit ca h
thng. Trong trng hp chn cng sut ca van ln th khi vn hnh thng hay b
ngp lng v ngc li khi cng sut ca van nh th lng mi cht cung cp khng
cho dn lnh nh hng nhiu n nng sut lnh ca h thng.
- Khi lp t van tit lu t ng cn ch lp t bu cm bin ng v tr
quy nh, c th nh sau :
+ t ng hi ra ngay sau dn lnh v m bo tip xc tt nht bng kp
ng hay nhm, trnh nh hng ca nhit bn ngoi cn bc cch nhit bu
cm bin cng ng ht c bu cm bin.
+ Khi ng ht nh th t bu ngay trn ng ht, nhng kh ng ln hn 18mm
th t v tr 4 gi.
+ Khng c qun hoc lm dp ng mao dn ti bu cm bin.
2.4. Lp t cc panel kho lnh:
Hu ht cc kho lnh bo qun v kho cp ng hin nay u s dng cc tm
panel polyurethan c ch to theo cc kch thc tiu chun. B rng ca cc
tm panel thng l 300mm, 600mm, 1200mm. V vy khi thit k cn chn kch
thc kho thch hp : kch thc b rng, ngang phi l bi s ca 300mm.
Cc panel sau khi sn xut u c bc lp ni lng bo v trnh xy xc b
mt trong qu trnh vn chuyn, lp t. Lp ni lng ch nn c d ra sau khi
lp t hon thin v chy th kho, m bo thm m cho v kho.
Panel kho lnh c lp t trn cc con ln thng gi. Cc con ln thng
gi c xy bng b tng hoc gch th, cao khong 100200mm m bo thng
gi tt trnh ng bng lm hng panel. B mt cc con ln dc v hai pha 2%
trnh ng nc.
So vi panel trn v tng, panel nn do phi chu ti trng ln ca hng nn
s dng loi c mt cao hn, kh nng chu nn tt. Cc tm panel nn c xp
vung gc vi cc con ln thng gi. Khong cch hp l gia cc con lng
khong 300500mm.
Cc tm panel c lin kt vi nhau bng cc mc kho gi l camlocking
c gn sn trong panel, v th lp ghp rt nhanh, va st v chc chn..
Panel trn c gi ln cc tm panel tng i din nhau. Khi kch thc kho
qu ln cn c khung treo panel, nu khng panel s b vng.
Sau khi lp t xong cc khe h gia cc tm panel c lm kn bng cch phun
silicon hoc sealant. Do c s bin ng v nhit nn p sut trong kho lun thay
i, cn bng p bn trong v bn ngoi kho, ngi ta gn trn tng cc van

thng p. Nu khng c van thng p th khi p sut trong kho thay i s rt kh
khn khi m ca hoc ngc li khi p sut ln ca s b t ng m ra.
gim tn tht nhit khi m ca, ngay ca kho c lp qut mng dng
ngn cn lung khng kh thm nhp vo ra. Mt khc do thi gian xut nhp hng
thng di nn ngi ta c b tr trn tng kho 01 ca nh, kch thc 600x600mm
ra vo hng. Khng nn ra, vo hng ca ln v nh th tn tht nhit rt ln.
Ca kho lnh c trang b b cht t m chng nht ngi, ci bo ng, b
in tr sy chng ng bng.
Do kh nng chu ti trng ca panel khng ln, nn cc dn lnh c treo
trn b gi v c treo ging ln x nh nh h thng tng , dy cp.
3. Lp t cc thit b ph trong kho lnh:
3.1. Cc thit b iu chnh v bo v kho lnh:
1.R le hiu p sut du :
1- Phn t cm bin p sut du; 2- Phn t cm bin p sut ht; 3- C cu iu

chnh; 4- Cn iu chnh; 5Hnh 1.7: R le p sut du
p su du ca my nn phi c duy tr mt gi tr cao hn p sut ht ca
my nn mt khong nht nh no , tu thuc vo tng my nn c th nhm m
bo qu trnh lu chuyn trong h thng rnh cp du bi trn v tc ng c cu
gim ti ca my nn. Khi lm vic r le p sut du s so snh hiu p sut du v
p sut trong cacte my nn nn cn gi l r le hiu p sut. V vy khi hiu p sut
qu thp, ch bi trn khng m bo, khng iu khin c c cu gim ti.
chnh lch p sut cc tiu cho php c th iu chnh nh c cu 3. Khi

quay theo chiu kim ng h s tng chnh lch p sut cho php, ngha lm tng
p sut du cc tiu my nn c th lm vic.
chnh p sut c c nh 0,2 bar
2 . R le p sut cao HP v r le p sut thp LP :
Hnh 1.8 : R le t hp p sut cao v thp

Gi tr t ca r le p sut cao l 18,5 kG/cm2 thp hn gi tr t ca van an
ton 19,5 kG/cm2. Gi tr t ny c th iu chnh thng qua vt A. chnh p
sut lm vic c iu chnh bng vt B. Khi quay cc vt A v B kim ch p
sut t di chuyn trn bng ch th p sut.
Tng t HP, r le p sut thp LP c s dng t ng ng m my nn,
trong cc h thng lnh chy t ng. Khi nhit bung lnh t yu cu, van in
t ngng cp dch cho dn lnh, my thc hin rt gas v bnh cha v p sut pha
u ht gim xung di gi tr t, r le p sut tc ng dng my. Khi nhit
phng lnh ln cao van in t m, dch vo dn lnh v p sut ht ln cao v vt
gi tr t, r le p sut thp t ng ng mch cho ng c hot ng.
3. Thermostat
Hnh 1.9 : Thermostat
Thermostat l mt thit b iu khin dng duy tr nhit ca phng lnh.

Cu to gm c mt cng tc i hng n cc (12) duy tr mch in gi cc tip
im 1 v 2 khi nhit bu cm bin tng ln, ngha l nhit phng tng. Khi
quay trc (1) theo chiu kim ng h th s tng nhit ng v ngt ca
Thermostat. Khi quay trc vi sai (2) theo chiu kim th gim vi sai gia nhit ng
v ngt thit b.
4. R le bo v p sut nc (WP) v r le lu lng (Flow Switch)
Nhm bo v my nn khi cc bm gii nhit thit b ngng t v bm gii
nhit my nn lm vic khng c tt (p sut tt, thiu nc ..) ngi ta s dng r
le p sut nc v r le lu lng.
R le p sut nc hot ng ging cc r le p sut khc, khi p sut nc
thp, khng m bo iu kin gii nhit cho dn ngng hay my nn, r le s ngt
in cun dy khi ng t ca my nn dng my. Nh vy r le p sut nc
ly tn hiu p sut u y ca cc bm nc.
Ngc li r le lu lng ly tn hiu ca dng chy. Khi c nc chy qua r
le lu lng tip im tip xc h, h thng hot ng bnh thng. Khi khng c
nc chy qua, tip im ca r le lu lng ng li, ng thi ngt mch in cun
dy khi ng t v dng my.
* Cc thit b bo v nh HP, OP, LP, WP c bt bng ren nn chng ta lp
t chng vo cc v tr ch sn trn cc ng dch v.
* Chng ta c th ch to cc khung c nh cc thit b ny.
3.2. Lp t h thng ng ng dn gas:
3.2.1. Xc nh v tr, di, kch thc ng ng:
Cn c vo bn v thi cng chng ta i xc nh ng knh v di ca ng.
Lu khi xc nh chiu di ng chng ta chn d ra khong 1 2 cm d gia
cng.
3.2.2. Ct ng v no ba via:
C th s dng ca hoc dao ct ct ng. Dao ct ng thng dng ct
ng ng mm nh, cn ca dng ct cc ng ng to v cng.
Dng da mi bng v mi vung gc u ct ng. Cn thn khng mt
ng ri vo trong ng. Sau dng mi doa bavia lm sch bavia pha trong ng
do vt ct to ra.
3.2.3. Nong, loe, un ng:
Bn knh cong un ng ln ng khng b bp khi un. Khi un phi s
dng thit b un ng chuyn dng hoc s dng ct c sn. Khng nn s dng ct
un ng v ct ln bn trong nguy him.
S dng b nong, loe gia cng ng ty theo cch kt ni.
3.2.4. Hn ng, ni rc co:
Trc khi hn cn v sinh k, vt mp theo ng quy nh. V tr im hn
phi nm ch d dng kim tra v x l.
3.3. Lp t h thng nc gii nhit, ti lnh:
ng ng nc gii nhit s dng ng thp trng km, bn ngoi sn mu

xanh nc bin.
3.3.1. Chun b gi , np ng:
Chng ta cn chun b gi v np ng treo cc ng ln trn hoc np
chng vo tng c nh h thng ng ng.
3.3.3. Ct ng, ren ng, hn mt bch, v sinh ng ng:
S dng dng c chuyn dng hoc l ca ct ng theo chiu di xc
nh, lm v sinh ng ng trnh bi bn lt vo bn trong.
3.3.4. Rp ni ng ng thnh h thng hon chnh:
Kt ni cc ng ct li thnh mt h thng hon chnh theo bn v thi cng,
c th kt ni bng ren, bng cc co ni...
3.3.5. Kim tra, th kn:
Lm kn cc u ca cc ng ng nc v cha li mt u chng ta bm
nc vo v nng p lc ln khong 70 75 PSI, nh du mc nc bm vo v
quan st 24h nu mc nc khng gim th h thng kn cn nu mc nc gim th
phi kim tra v tr x v khc phc li.
3.3.6. Bc cch nhit h thng ti lnh:
Vic bc cch nhit ch c tin hnh sau khi kt thc cng vic th kn h
thng. Cch nhit ng ng thp l styrofor hoc polyurethan. Tu thuc kch thc
ng ng, ng cng ln cch nhit cng dy.
3.4. Lp t h thng nc x bng:
i vi nc ngng t cc dn lnh v cc thit b khc c th s dng ng
PVC, c th bc hoc khng bc cch nhit, tu v tr lp t.
3.4.1. Kho st v tr lp t ng ng thot nc x bng:
3.4.2. Xc nh di, kch thc ng ng:
Lu khi xc nh chiu di ng chng ta xc nh d ra khong 2 4 mm d gia
cng v kt ni.
3.4.3 Gia cng ng theo kch thc tnh ton o c:
S dng dao ct hoc l ca ct ng theo chiu di xc nh, lm v sinh
ng ng trnh bi bn lt vo bn trong.
3.4.4.Rp ni ng ng thnh h thng hon chnh:
s dng cc co ni, mi ni ch T, ch Y...
3.4.5. Kim tra bn kn, dc ca ng ng:

thng. Cch nhit ng ng dng gen c ng knh ph hp vi ng knh ng,
dng keo P66 dn gen vo ng nc v bn ngoi qun simili ( nu ng nc
ngng i bn ngoi tri khng cn cch nhit).
3.5. Lp t h thng in ng lc - iu khin:
3.5.1. Kim tra t in:
- Kim tra kch thc t, dy in, cc thit b aptomat, CB, rle trung gian,
rle thi gian... xem co y s lng v chng loi.
- Tin hnh khoan v bt cc thit b in vo t.
3.5.2. u dy in vo cc kh c in trong t in v thit b o lng
- u cc kh c in ln cc ry nhm.
- u dy in t cc kh c in v thit b o lng ln cc min.
3.5.3. u ni cc thit b in vo t in
- Da vo s mch ng lc v mch iu khin u ni cc thit b li vi
nhau.
3.5.4. Kim tra ln cui:
- Tin hnh kim tra thng mch: dng VOM bt v thang o o in tr
ca mch in nu : VOM ch mch b t, VOM ch 0 mch b chp hy kim tra
li, cn nu VOM ch mt gi tr in tr no th mch thng.
3.5.5. Cp ngun in:
- Sau khi kim tra thng mch th chng ta tin hnh cp ngun cho mch
ng lc v mch iu khin.
4. Ht chn khng - np gas, chy th h thng:
4.1. V sinh cng nghip h thng:
Sau khi lp t xong h thng th ta tin hnh v sinh:
- Tho g tt cc cc bao b cn dnh trn thit b.
- Qut dn sch s cc thit b xung quanh h thng.
- Dp ht cc thit b cn nm trn v trong h thng trnh lm h hng cc
thit b ca h thng.
- Dn dp v lau chi sch s h thng.
4.2. Th kn h thng:
- Nng p sut ln p sut th kn.
- Duy tr p lc th trong vng 24 gi. Trong 6 gi u p sut th gim khng
qu 10% v sau khng gim.
- Tin hnh th bng nc x phng. Kh nng r r trn ng ng nguyn rt
t xy ra v th nn kim tra cc mi hn, mt bch, ni van trc. Nu th ht
m khng pht hin vt x h m p sut vn gim th c th kim tra trn ng ng.
Khi khng pht hin c ch r r cn khoanh vng kim tra.
Bng 1.1: Bng p l th kn v th bn ti ni lp t

Mt iu cn lu l p sut trong h thng ph thuc nhiu vo nhit mi
trng, tc l ph thuc vo gi trong ngy, v vy cn kim tra theo mt thi im
nht nh trong ngy.
4.3. Ht chn khng Np gas h thng:
Vic ht chn khng c tin hnh nhiu ln mi m bo ht kit khng kh
v hi m c trong h thng ng ng v thit b. Duy tr p lc 50 75mmHg (tc
chn khng khong 700mmHg) trong 24 gi, trong 6 gi u p lc cho php
tng 50% nhng sau khng tng.
C 02 phng php np mi cht : Np theo ng ht v np theo ng cp dch
* Np mi cht theo ng ht thng p dng cho h thng my lnh nh.
Phng php ny c c im :
- Np trng thi hi, s lng np t, thi gian np lu.
- Ch p dng cho my cng sut nh.
- Vic np mi cht thc hin khi h thng ang hot ng.
Cc thao tc :
- Ni bnh mi cht vo u ht my nn qua b ng h p sut.
- Dng mi cht ui ht khng kh trong ng ni
Hnh 1.10: S np gas dng hi

- M t t van ni mi cht i theo ng ng ht v h thng.
Theo di lng bng bm trn thn my, kim tra dng in ca my nn v p

sut u ht khng qu 3 kG/cm2.. Nu p sut ht ln th c th qu dng.
Khi np mi cht ch khng c cho lng b ht v my nn gy ra hin
tng ngp lng rt nguy him. V th u ht ch c ni vo pha trn ca bnh,
tc l ch ht hi v my nn, khng c dc ngc hoc nghing bnh trong khi
np v tt nht bnh mi cht nn t thp hn my nn.
Trong qu trnh np c th theo di lng mi cht np bng cch t bnh mi
cht trn cn a.
* Np mi cht theo ng cp dch
Vic np mi cht theo ng cp dch c thc hin cho cc h thng ln.
Phng php ny c cc c im sau :
- Np di dng lng, s lng np nhiu, thi gian np nhanh.
- S dng cho h thng ln.
Hnh 1.11: S np gas dng lng

a/ Bnh gas
b/ B ng h
c/ Bnh cha cao p
d/ Phin lc
- Bnh thng cc van (1), (2) v (3) m, cc van (4) v (5) ng, mi cht
c cp n dn bay hi t bnh cha cao p.
- Khi cn np mi cht, ng van (1) v (4), mi cht t bnh mi cht i theo
van (5), (2) vo b lc, ra van (3) n thit b bay hi.
- Khi thay th, sa cha hoc bo dng b lc, h thng vn hot ng c,
ng cc van (2), (3) v (5) mi cht t bnh cha qua van (1) v van (4) n dn bay
hi.
Trong trng hp ny vn c th np thm mi cht bng cch ng cc van
(1), (2) v (3), m cc van (4) v (5). Mi cht t bnh np i qua van (5) v (4) vo
h thng.
4.4. Chy th h thng:

4.4.1. Kim tra tng th h thng:
- Kim tra in p ngun khng c vt qu 5%.
- Kim tra tnh trng my nn v cc qut.
- Kim tra lng du bn trong h thng.
- Kim tra lng nc gii nhit.
- Kim tra v ci t cc thit b o lng v bo v trong h thng.
- Kim tra cc van trong h thng.
4.4.2. ng in:
- Bt CB tng cp ngun cho h thng.
4.4.3. Kim tra, hiu chnh chiu quay ca cc ng c:
- Bt cng tc cp ngun cho tng ng c mt v kim tra chiu quay ca
chng, nu ng c no quay ngc th o pha li cho ng c .
4.4.4. o kim cc thng s:
- o p sut v nhit bay hi.
- o p sut v nhit ngng t.
- o nhit kho lnh.
- o nhit cui tm nn.
- o nhit nc gii nhit.
Cu hi n tp bi 1:
1/ Nu cng dng ca cc thit b c trong s hnh 1.2? Trnh by nguyn l lm
vic ca s trn?
vic ca s trn?
3/ Trnh by nguyn l lm vic ca mch in iu khin trn hnh 1.5?
4/ Trnh by cc bc lp t cm my nn?
5/ Trnh by cc bc lp t cm ngng t?
6/ Trnh by cc bc lp t dn bay hi van tit lu?
7/ Trnh by cc bc lp t cc thit b ph trong h thng lnh?
8/Trnh by qui trnh ht chn khng v np gas cho h thng lnh?
9/Trnh by qui trnh th nghim h thng lnh?
Bi 2 : LP T H THNG LNH MY CY
Mc tiu:
- M bi: M 26-02
- Nm c cc quy nh, k hiu bn v thi cng;

- Hiu v cu to, mc ch s dng ca cc trang, thit b phc v lp t;
- Hiu mc ch v phng php lp t cc thit b chnh, ph trong my
cy;
- Kim tra c thng s ca thit b trc khi lp;
- Lp t cc thit b chnh, ph trong my cy ng quy trnh v m bo
an ton.
Ni dung chnh:
1. c bn v thi cng, chun b trang thit b phc v lp t:
Hnh 2.1: S b tr mt bng b cy

1.1.c bn v mt bng lp t
1.2. c bn v thit k h thng lnh
Hnh 2.2: S nguyn l b cy

1.My nn, 2.Bnh cha cao p, 3.Thp ngng t, 4.Bnh tch du, 5.Thit b tch kh
khng ngng, 6.Bnh thu hi du, 7.Bnh tch lng, 8. Bnh gi mc - tch lng, 9.B
cng b cnh khuy v dn lnh xng c
B c chia thnh 2 ngn, trong c 01 ngn t dn lnh, cc ngn
cn li t cc khun . B c 01 b cnh khuy, b tr thng. Cc khun c
ghp li thnh cc linh . Mi linh c t 5 n 7 khun hoc ln hn. Cc linh
b tr c th di chuyn dn n hai u nh h thng xch.
Bn trn b c b tr h thng cn trc v cu cu cc linh ln khi b,
em nhng vo b nc tch , sau t ln bn lt xung sn. Trn b
nhng ngi ta b tr h thng vi cung cp nc np nc vo cc khun sau khi
ra . Vic cung cp nc cho cc khun c nh lng trc khi cp
nc ch chim khong 90% th tch khun.
Nc mui c s dng l NaCl. B mui c xy bng gch th v bn
trong ngi ta tin hnh bc cch nhit v trong cng l lp thp tm.
H thng gm cc thit b chnh:
- My nn: H thng s dng my nn 1 cp. Cc loi my nn lnh thng
hay c s dng l MYCOM, York-Frick, Bitzer, Copeland vv
- Dn lnh xng c: Dn lnh gm cc ng gp trn v di, cc ng trao i
nhit ni gia cc ng gp c dng un cong ging nh xng c. Vi vic un cong
ng trao i nhit nh vy nn hn ch c chiu cao ca b nhng vn m bo

ng i ca mi cht ln tng thi gian tip xc.
- Bnh gi mc tch lng: Nhim v ca bnh trong h thng my l:
Cha, cp v duy tr dch lng lun ngp y trong dn lnh b ; tch lng cho
mi cht ht v my nn. Mc dch trong dn lnh c khng ch bng van phao.
1.3. c bn v mch in ng lc v iu khin:
Mt h thng lnh gm:
My nn ba pha, mch pump down, khi ng trc tip.
Qut dn ngng, cnh khuy v bm kiu ba pha, khi ng trc tip.
Trong chui an ton c: rle nhit bo v qu ti my nn, rle p sut cao,
rle hiu p du. Cc kh c trn c chung mt n bo s c.
Cu ch: cu ch chnh, cu ch mch iu khin.

KA1 Rle trung gian mch iu khin
HP Rle p sut cao
LP Rle p sut thp
OP Rle p hiu p du
T Rle nhit phng
K1 Contactor my nn
K2 Contactor cnh khuy.
K3 Contactor qut thp ngng
K4 Contactor bm nc
H1 n bo my nn lm vic
1.4. Chun b trang thit b phc v lp t
cng vic sau:

VOM.
1.4. Chun b trang thit b phc v lp t:
cng vic sau:
VOM.
2. Lp t cc thit b chnh ca b cy:
2.1. Lp t cm my nn:
- a my vo v tr lp t : Khi cu chuyn cn ch ch c mc vo cc
v tr c nh sn, khng c mc tu tin vo ng, thn my gy try xc v
h hng my nn.
- Khi lp t my nn cn ch n cc vn : thao tc vn hnh, kim tra,
an ton, bo tr, tho d, thi cng ng ng, sa cha, thng gi v chiu sng thun
li nht.
- My nn lnh thng c lp t trn cc b mng b tng ct thp. i vi
cc my nh c th lp t trn cc khung st hoc ngay trn cc bnh ngng thnh
01 khi nh cc cm my lnh water chiller.
- B mng phi cao hn b mt nn ti thiu 100mm, trnh b t bn khi v
sinh gian my. B mng c tnh ton theo ti trng ng ca n, my c gn
cht ln nn b tng bng cc bu lng chn sn, chc chn. Kh nng chu ng ca
mng phi t t nht 2,3 ln ti trng ca my nn k c mt.
- B mng khng c c lin vi kt cu xy dng ca to nh trnh truyn
chn ng lm hng kt cu xy dng. chn ng khng truyn vo kt cu xy
dng nh khong cch ti thiu t b mng n mng nht t nht 30cm. Ngoi ra
nn dng vt liu chng rung gia mng gia mng my v mng nh.
- Cc bu lng c nh my vo b mng c th c sn trong b tng trc

hoc sau khi lp t my ri chn vo sau cng c. Phng php chn bu lng sau
khi lp my thun li hn. Mun vy cn sn cc l c kch thc ln hn yu
cu, khi a thit b vo v tr , ta tin hnh lp bu lng ri sau cho va xi mng
vo c nh bu lng .
- Nu t my cc tng trn th phi t trn cc b chng rung v b qun
tnh.
1- Nn nh; 2- B l xo gim chn; 3- B qu tnh; 4- Cm my lnh

Hnh 2.5: Gim chn cm my khi t cc tng lu
- Sau khi a c my vo v tr lp t dng thc level kim tra mc
nm ngang, kim tra mc ng trc ca dy ai. Khng c c y cc dy ai
vo puli, nn ni lng khong cch gia mt v my nn ri cho dy ai vo, sau
vn bu lng y bn trt. Kim tra cng ca dy ai bng cch n nu thy lng
bng chiu dy ca dy l t yu cu.
vo dy ai.
- C th kh cc truyn ng ca my nn theo ng ng bng cch s dng
ng mm ni vo my nn theo tt c cc hng, c bit cn ch ti cc gi
ng.
2.2. Lp t cm ngng t:
Khi lp t thit b ngng t cn lu n vn gii nhit ca thit b, nh
hng c nhit ngng t n xung quanh, kh nng thot mi cht lng v bnh cha
gii phng b mt trao i nhit.
- mi cht lnh sau khi ngng t c th t chy v bnh cha cao p, thit b
ngng t thng c lp t trn cao, trn cc b b tng, cc gi hoc ngay
trn bnh cha thnh 01 cm m ngi ta thng gi l cm condensing unit.
- V tr lp t thit b ngng t cn thong mt cho php d hngvti con
ngi v qu trnh sn xut.
* Dn ngng t bay hi:
Dn ngng t bay hi c t trn cc b b tng ngoi tri. Khi hot ng
nc c th b cun theo gi hoc bn ra t b nc, v th nn t dn xa cc cng
trnh xy dng t nht 1500 mm
Dn ngng t bay hi c trang b van x nc y, van phao t ng cp
nc, thang tro ln nh dn. y b cha nc dc chy kit nc khi v
sinh. u ht bm c li chn rc
Pha trn dn ngng t c cc ca v sinh v thay th cc u phun ca dn
phun nc. chn nc lp trn cng dng zic zc
2.3. Lp t b v cnh khuy:
1.Cch nhit tng b :
Hnh 2.5: Cch nhit tng b

1.Lp va xi mng
2.Lp tng gch
3.Lp hc n dn giy du
4.Lp cch nhit polystirol
5.Lp thp tm
Bng 2.1: Bng thng s cch nhit tng
STT
1
2
3
4
5
Vat lieu
Va xi mang
Tng gach
Giay dau
Lp cch nhit
Thep tm
Be day
i (mm)
10
110
1
100
5
20
120
2
200
6
He so dan
nhiet
i (W/mK)
0.78
0.23 0.29
0.175
0.018 0.02
45.3
2.Cch nhit nn b :
Hnh 2.6: Cch nhit nn b

1. lp thp tm
2. lp ct lt mng
3. lp b tng ct thp
4. lp giy du
5. lp cch nhit polystirol 6.lp hc n dn giy du
7.lp b tng dm M200 8.lp lm nn v t m
Bng 2.2: Bng thng s cch nhit nn
STT
Vat lieu
Be day
i (mm)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Thp tm
Lp ct lt mng
Lp b tng ct thp
Lp giy du
Lp cch nhit
Lp hc n dn giy
du
Lp b tng dm
lp lm nn v t
m
56
10 15
60 100
12
100 200
0.1
150 200
He so dan
nhiet
i (W/mK)
45.3
0.19
1.28
0.175
0.018 0.02
0.7
1.28
3. Lp t cnh khuy: Hn khung c nh cnh khuy, a cnh khuy vo v tr

lp t bt bu long.
2.4. Lp t dn bay hi - van tit lu:
Thit b bay hi c nhiu dng, mi mt dng c nhng cch lp t khc
nhau.
* Dn lnh xng c
Dn lnh xng c ch yu c s dng lm lnh nc mui trong cc
my cy v lm lnh cc loi cht lng cho cc mc ch khc nhau. Khi lp dn
lnh xng c phi ngp hon ton trong cht lng cn lm lnh.Nn b tr dn lnh
gia b mui qu trnh trao i nhit c nhanh v t tn tht nhit.
Thng ngi ta b tr dng nc chy theo chiu t nh n chn ca cc
ng trao i nhit. Cp dch t pha di v hi i ra pha trn.
Van tit lu t ng c lp t trn ng cp dch vo dn lnh.
Vic chn van tit lu phi ph hp vi cng sut v ch nhit ca h
thng. Trong trng hp chn cng sut ca van ln th khi vn hnh thng hay b
ngp lng v ngc li khi cng sut ca van nh th lng mi cht cung cp khng
cho dn lnh nh hng nhiu n nng sut lnh ca h thng.
- Khi lp t van tit lu t ng cn ch lp t bu cm bin ng v tr
quy nh, c th nh sau :
+ t ng hi ra ngay sau dn lnh v m bo tip xc tt nht bng kp
ng hay nhm, trnh nh hng ca nhit bn ngoi cn bc cch nhit bu
cm bin cng ng ht c bu cm bin.
+ Khi ng ht nh th t bu ngay trn ng ht, nhng kh ng ln hn 18mm
th t v tr 4 gi.
+ Khng c qun hoc lm dp ng mao dn ti bu cm bin.
3. Lp t cc thit b ph trong b cy:
3.1. Cc thit b iu chnh v bo v b cy
1.R le hiu p sut du :
1- Phn t cm bin p sut du; 2- Phn t cm bin p sut ht; 3- C cu iu

chnh; 4- Cn iu chnh;
Hnh 2.7: R le p sut du
p su du ca my nn phi c duy tr mt gi tr cao hn p sut ht ca
my nn mt khong nht nh no , tu thuc vo tng my nn c th nhm m
bo qu trnh lu chuyn trong h thng rnh cp du bi trn v tc ng c cu
gim ti ca my nn. Khi lm vic r le p sut du s so snh hiu p sut du v
p sut trong cacte my nn nn cn gi l r le hiu p sut. V vy khi hiu p sut
qu thp, ch bi trn khng m bo, khng iu khin c c cu gim ti.
chnh lch p sut cc tiu cho php c th iu chnh nh c cu 3. Khi
quay theo chiu kim ng h s tng chnh lch p sut cho php, ngha lm tng
p sut du cc tiu my nn c th lm vic.
chnh p sut c c nh 0,2 bar
2 . R le p sut cao HP v r le p sut thp LP :
Hnh 2.8 : R le t hp p sut cao v thp

Gi tr t ca r le p sut cao l 18,5 kG/cm2 thp hn gi tr t ca van an
ton 19,5 kG/cm2. Gi tr t ny c th iu chnh thng qua vt A. chnh p
sut lm vic c iu chnh bng vt B. Khi quay cc vt A v B kim ch p
sut t di chuyn trn bng ch th p sut.
Tng t HP, r le p sut thp LP c s dng t ng ng m my nn,
trong cc h thng lnh chy t ng. Khi nhit bung lnh t yu cu, van in
t ngng cp dch cho dn lnh, my thc hin rt gas v bnh cha v p sut pha
u ht gim xung di gi tr t, r le p sut tc ng dng my. Khi nhit
phng lnh ln cao van in t m, dch vo dn lnh v p sut ht ln cao v vt
gi tr t, r le p sut thp t ng ng mch cho ng c hot ng.
3. Thermostat
Hnh 2.9 : Thermostat

Thermostat l mt thit b iu khin dng duy tr nhit ca phng lnh.
Cu to gm c mt cng tc i hng n cc (12) duy tr mch in gi cc tip
im 1 v 2 khi nhit bu cm bin tng ln, ngha l nhit phng tng. Khi
quay trc (1) theo chiu kim ng h th s tng nhit ng v ngt ca
Thermostat. Khi quay trc vi sai (2) theo chiu kim th gim vi sai gia nhit ng
v ngt thit b.
4. R le bo v p sut nc (WP) v r le lu lng (Flow Switch)
Nhm bo v my nn khi cc bm gii nhit thit b ngng t v bm gii
nhit my nn lm vic khng c tt (p sut tt, thiu nc ..) ngi ta s dng r
le p sut nc v r le lu lng.
R le p sut nc hot ng ging cc r le p sut khc, khi p sut nc
thp, khng m bo iu kin gii nhit cho dn ngng hay my nn, r le s ngt
in cun dy khi ng t ca my nn dng my. Nh vy r le p sut nc
ly tn hiu p sut u y ca cc bm nc.
Ngc li r le lu lng ly tn hiu ca dng chy. Khi c nc chy qua r
le lu lng tip im tip xc h, h thng hot ng bnh thng. Khi khng c
nc chy qua, tip im ca r le lu lng ng li, ng thi ngt mch in cun
dy khi ng t v dng my.
* Cc thit b bo v nh HP, OP, LP, WP c bt bng ren nn chng ta lp
t chng vo cc v tr ch sn trn cc ng dch v.
* Chng ta c th ch to cc khung c nh cc thit b ny.
3.2. Lp t h thng ng ng dn gas:

Lu khi xc nh chiu di ng chng ta chn d ra khong 1 2 cm d gia
cng.
3.2.2. Ct ng v no ba via:
C th s dng ca hoc dao ct ct ng. Dao ct ng thng dng ct
ng ng mm nh, cn ca dng ct cc ng ng to v cng.
Dng da mi bng v mi vung gc u ct ng. Cn thn khng mt
ng ri vo trong ng. Sau dng mi doa bavia lm sch bavia pha trong ng
do vt ct to ra.
3.2.3. Nong, loe, un ng:
Bn knh cong un ng ln ng khng b bp khi un. Khi un phi s
dng thit b un ng chuyn dng hoc s dng ct c sn. Khng nn s dng ct
un ng v ct ln bn trong nguy him.
S dng b nong, loe gia cng ng ty theo cch kt ni.
3.2.4. Hn ng, ni rc co:
Trc khi hn cn v sinh k, vt mp theo ng quy nh. V tr im hn
phi nm ch d dng kim tra v x l.
3.3. Lp t h thng nc gii nhit, ti lnh:
ng ng nc gii nhit s dng ng thp trng km, bn ngoi sn mu
xanh nc bin.
3.3.1. Chun b gi , np ng:
3.3.3. Ct ng, ren ng, hn mt bch, v sinh ng ng:
S dng dng c chuyn dng hoc l ca ct ng theo chiu di xc
nh, lm v sinh ng ng trnh bi bn lt vo bn trong.
3.3.4. Rp ni ng ng thnh h thng hon chnh:
c th kt ni bng ren, bng cc co ni...
3.3.5. Kim tra, th kn:
thng. Cch nhit ng ng thp l styrofor hoc polyurethan. Tu thuc kch thc
ng ng, ng cng ln cch nhit cng dy.
3.4. Lp t h thng nc x bng:
i vi nc ngng t cc dn lnh v cc thit b khc c th s dng ng
PVC, c th bc hoc khng bc cch nhit, tu v tr lp t.
3.4.1. Kho st v tr lp t ng ng thot nc x bng:
3.4.2. Xc nh di, kch thc ng ng:
Lu khi xc nh chiu di ng chng ta xc nh d ra khong 2 4 mm d gia
cng v kt ni.
3.4.3 Gia cng ng theo kch thc tnh ton o c:
S dng dao ct hoc l ca ct ng theo chiu di xc nh, lm v sinh
ng ng trnh bi bn lt vo bn trong.
3.4.4.Rp ni ng ng thnh h thng hon chnh:
s dng cc co ni, mi ni ch T, ch Y...
3.4.5. Kim tra bn kn, dc ca ng ng:
thng. Cch nhit ng ng dng gen c ng knh ph hp vi ng knh ng,
dng keo P66 dn gen vo ng nc v bn ngoi qun simili ( nu ng nc
ngng i bn ngoi tri khng cn cch nhit).
3.5. Lp t h thng in ng lc - iu khin:
3.5.1. Kim tra t in:
- Kim tra kch thc t, dy in, cc thit b aptomat, CB, rle trung gian,
rle thi gian... xem co y s lng v chng loi.
- Tin hnh khoan v bt cc thit b in vo t.
3.5.2. u dy in vo cc kh c in trong t in v thit b o lng
- u cc kh c in ln cc ry nhm.
- u dy in t cc kh c in v thit b o lng ln cc min.
3.5.3. u ni cc thit b in vo t in
- Da vo s mch ng lc v mch iu khin u ni cc thit b li vi
nhau.
3.5.4. Kim tra ln cui:
- Tin hnh kim tra thng mch: dng VOM bt v thang o o in tr

ca mch in nu : VOM ch mch b t, VOM ch 0 mch b chp hy kim tra
li, cn nu VOM ch mt gi tr in tr no th mch thng.
3.5.5. Cp ngun in:
- Sau khi kim tra thng mch th chng ta tin hnh cp ngun cho mch
ng lc v mch iu khin.
4. Ht chn khng - np gas, chy th h thng:
4.1. V sinh cng nghip h thng:
Sau khi lp t xong h thng th ta tin hnh v sinh:
- Tho g tt cc cc bao b cn dnh trn thit b.
- Qut dn sch s cc thit b xung quanh h thng.
- Dp ht cc thit b cn nm trn v trong h thng trnh lm h hng cc
thit b ca h thng.
- Dn dp v lau chi sch s h thng.
4.2. Th kn h thng:
- Nng p sut ln p sut th kn.
Bng 2.3: Bng p l th kn v th bn ti ni lp t

- Duy tr p lc th trong vng 24 gi. Trong 6 gi u p sut th gim khng
qu 10% v sau khng gim.
- Tin hnh th bng nc x phng. Kh nng r r trn ng ng nguyn rt
t xy ra v th nn kim tra cc mi hn, mt bch, ni van trc. Nu th ht
m khng pht hin vt x h m p sut vn gim th c th kim tra trn ng ng.
Khi khng pht hin c ch r r cn khoanh vng kim tra.
Mt iu cn lu l p sut trong h thng ph thuc nhiu vo nhit mi
trng, tc l ph thuc vo gi trong ngy, v vy cn kim tra theo mt thi im
nht nh trong ngy.
4.3. Ht chn khng Np gas h thng:
Vic ht chn khng c tin hnh nhiu ln mi m bo ht kit khng kh
v hi m c trong h thng ng ng v thit b. Duy tr p lc 50 75mmHg (tc
chn khng khong 700mmHg) trong 24 gi, trong 6 gi u p lc cho php
tng 50% nhng sau khng tng.
C 02 phng php np mi cht : Np theo ng ht v np theo ng cp

dch
* Np mi cht theo ng ht thng p dng cho h thng my lnh nh.
Cc thao tc :

Trong qu trnh np c th theo di lng mi cht np bng cch t bnh mi cht

trn cn a.

a/ Bnh gas
b/ B ng h
c/ Bnh cha cao p
d/ Phin lc
* Np mi cht theo ng cp dch
hi.
h thng.
4.4. Chy th h thng:
4.4.1. Kim tra tng th h thng:
- Kim tra in p ngun khng c vt qu 5%.
- Kim tra tnh trng my nn v cc qut.
- Kim tra lng du bn trong h thng.
- Kim tra lng nc gii nhit.
- Kim tra v ci t cc thit b o lng v bo v trong h thng.
- Kim tra cc van trong h thng.

4.4.2. ng in:
- Bt CB tng cp ngun cho h thng.
4.4.3. Kim tra, hiu chnh chiu quay ca cc ng c:
- Bt cng tc cp ngun cho tng ng c mt v kim tra chiu quay ca
chng, nu ng c no quay ngc th o pha li cho ng c .
4.4.4. o kim cc thng s:
- o p sut v nhit bay hi.
- o p sut v nhit ngng t.
- o nhit kho lnh.
Cu hi n tp bi 2:
vic ca s trn?
2/ Trnh by nguyn l lm vic ca mch in iu khin trn hnh 2.4?
3/ Trnh by cc bc lp t cm my nn?
4/ Trnh by cc bc lp t cm ngng t?
5/ Trnh by cc bc lp t dn bay hi van tit lu?
6/ Trnh by cc bc lp t cc thit b ph trong h thng sn xut cy?
7/Trnh by qui trnh ht chn khng v np gas cho h thng sn xut cy?
8/Trnh by qui trnh th nghim h thng sn xut cy?
Bi 3 :
VN HNH H THNG LNH
- M bi: M 26-03
Mc tiu:
- Hiu mc ch v phng php kim tra, vn hnh h thng lnh
- c bn v ghi nht k h thng, bng biu
- S dng thnh tho cc dng c o
- Hiu cu to v vn hnh ca thit b
- Yu ngh, ham thch cng vic. C tnh k lut cao
Ni dung chnh:
1. Kim tra h thng lnh
:
- Kim tra in p ngun khng c sai lch nh mc 5% :
360V < U < 400V
- Kim tra bn ngoi my nn v cc thit b chuyn ng xem c vt g gy
tr ngi s lm vic bnh thng ca thit b khng.
- Kim tra s lng v cht lng du trong my nn. Mc du thng phi
chim 2/3 mt knh quan st. Mc du qu ln v qu b u khng tt.
- Kim tra mc nc trong cc b cha nc, trong thp gii nhit, trong b
dn ngng ng thi kim tra cht lng nc xem c m bo yu cu k thut
khng. Nu khng m bo th phi b b sung nc mi, sch hn.
- Kim tra cc thit b o lng, iu khin v bo v h thng.
- Kim tra h thng in trong t in, m bo trong tnh trng hot ng tt.
- Kim tra tnh trng ng m ca cc van :
+ Cc van thng ng : van x y cc bnh, van np mi cht, van by-pass,
van x kh khng ngng, van thu hi du hoc x b du, van u ho cc h thng,
van x air. Ring van chn ng ht khi dng my thng phi ng v khi khi
ng th m t t.
+ Tt c cc van cn li u trng thi m. c bit lu van u y my
nn, van chn ca cc thit b o lng v bo v phi lun lun m.
+ Cc van iu chnh : Van tit lu t ng, r le nhit, r le p sut vv... Ch
c ngi c trch nhim mi c m v iu chnh.
2. Khi ng h thng:
- Bt Aptomat tng ca t in ng lc, aptomat ca tt c cc thit b ca h
thng cn chy.
- Bt cc cng tc chy cc thit b sang v tr AUTO
- Nht nt START cho h thng hot ng. Khi cc thit b s hot ng
theo mt trnh t nht nh.
- T t m van chn ht ca my nn. Nu m nhanh c th gy ra ngp lng,
mt khc khi m qu ln dng in m t cao s qu dng, khng tt.
- Lng nghe ting n ca my, nu c ting g bt thng, km sng bm

nhiu u ht th dng my ngay.
- Theo di dng in my nn. Dng in khng c ln qu so vi qui nh.
Nu dng in ln qu th ng van chn ht li hoc thc hin gim ti bng tay.
Trong cc t in, giai on du mch chy sao, h thng lun lun c gim ti,
nhng giai on ny thng rt ngn.
- Quan st tnh trng bm tuyt trn carte my nn. Tuyt khng c bm ln
phn thn my qu nhiu. Nu ln qu th ng van chn ht li v tip tc theo di.
- Tip tc m van chn ht cho n khi m hon ton nhng dng in my
nn khng ln qu quy nh, tuyt bm trn thn my khng nhiu th qu trnh khi
ng xong.
- Bt cng tc cp dch cho dn lnh, bnh trung gian v bnh cha h p (nu
c).
3. Mt s thao tc trong qu trnh vn hnh
3.1. Quy trnh np v rt gas :
* C 02 phng php np mi cht : Np theo ng ht v np theo
ng cp dch
3.1.1. Np mi cht theo ng ht
Np mi cht theo ng ht thng p dng cho h thng my lnh nh.
Cc thao tc :


Trong qu trnh np c th theo di lng mi cht np bng cch t bnh mi
cht trn cn a.
3.1.2. Np mi cht theo ng cp dch

a/ Bnh gas
b/ B ng h
c/ Bnh cha cao p
d/ Phin lc
hi.
h thng.
* Rt gas: Vn s dng s hnh 3.2 nhng bnh gas y chng ta s dng
mt bnh ht mi cht. Chng ta cho h thng hot ng gas s t ng thu hi v
binh gas do chnh lch p sut.
qu trnh thu hi nhanh hn ta c th ngm bnh gas trong mt b nc .
3.2. Quy trnh np du - x du cho h thng lnh:
* Np du: Khi mc du thp hn bnh thng : cho my nn lm vic theo
hnh trnh m khong 20 ph ( m to van cp lng ) a du trong dn bay hi v
ng dn v my nn. Nu vn thiu du th phi np thm : ng van ht gim p

sut trong cacte n gn p sut kh quyn th dng my, ng van y v ni lng
racco u ht h p sut d trong cacte ri rt du vo, sau thay vng m v
vn cht nt. x khng kh ra khi my cn ni lng rcco u y v khi ng
my nn 3 5 pht ri dng my , Vn cht rcco v m cc van ca my.
* X du:Trong h thng lnh sau mt thi gian lm vic th chng ta phi tin
hnh x du t cc thit b trao i nhit bi v nu du bm trn cc thit b trao i
nhit s lm gim hiu qu trao i nhit ca thit b v lm cho my nn b thiu
du.Trong vn hnh phi ch x du, c th theo chu k sau:
- i vi thit b bay hi: Cc dn lnh x du vo mi ln ph bng; cc bnh
bay hi: 10 ngy/ln.Chng ta cho h thng hot ng hnh trnh m (m to van cp
dch) cho cun du v my nn.
- i vi thit b ngng t: 1 thng x mt ln.
+ Nu h thng c bnh thu hi du ta ch cn m van thng gia thit b
ngng t v bnh thu hi du th du s hi v bnh thu hi du. Sau chng ta m
van x y bnh thu hi du x du ra.
+Nu h thng khng c bnh thu hi du ta dng h thng c lp thit b
ngng t v m van x y ca thit b ngng t x du.
- i vi my nn: Chng ta ch cn m van x y ca my nn x du ra
khi my nn.
- i vi cc bnh cha, bnh tch lng 1 thng/ln. Bnh trung gian 10
ngy/ln. Bnh tch du v bnh cha du 5 ngy /ln: h thng c bnh thu hi du
th chng ta ch cn m thng van thng gia cc bnh cha vi bnh thu hi du th
du s c thu hi v bnh thu hi du v chng ta x ra ti y. Cn nu h thng
khng c bnh thu hi du th chng ta m cc van x y ca cc bnh x du.
Ch :Khi tho du phi thc hin trong iu kin p sut thp gim lng
hi tn tht bng cch thi qua bnh cha du thng vi ng ht my nn. Sau khi
ht hi t bnh cha du khong 30 pht th ng van li.
3.3. Quy trnh x kh khng ngng:
Kh khng ngng lt vo h thng lm cho p sut ngng t cao nh hng
n bn v hiu qa lm vic ca h thng. Khi quan st thy p sut ngng t cao
hn bnh thng, kim ng h p sut rung mnh th trong h thng b lt kh
khng ngng.
Kh khng ngng c th lt vo h thng do r r pha h p hoc lt vo cc
thit b trong qu trnh sa cha, bo dng.
3.3.1. H thng khng c bnh x kh khng ngng :
Qu trnh x kh khng ngng thc hin trc tip t thit b ngng t v thc
hin theo cc bc sau:
- Cho dng h thng lnh.
- Bt cng tc chy bm, qut gii nhit sang v tr MANUAL gii nhit
thit b ngng t, tip tc ngng lng mi cht cn tch t thit bi v chy v bnh
cha. Thi gian lm mt khong 15 20 pht.
- Ngng chy bm, qut v ng cc van c lp thit b ngng t vi h
thng.
- Tin hnh x kh khng ngng trong thit b ngng t. Quan st p sut thit
b ngng t, khng nn x qu nhiu mi ln. Cn ch d qu trnh lm mt c lu
nh th no th trong kh khng ngng vn ln mt t mi cht lnh. V vy i vi h
thng NH3 kh x phi c a vo b nc nc hp th ht NH 3 ln v kh,
trnh gy nh hng i vi xung quanh .
3.3.2 . H thng c bnh x kh khng ngng:
Qu trnh x kh khng ngng trong trng hp h thng c thit b x kh
khng ngng ch c th tin hnh khi h thng ang hot ng. Tuy nhin hn ch
lu lng mi cht tun hon khi x khi nn tt cp dch dn lnh.
- Cp dch lm lnh bnh x kh khng ngng.
- M thng ng ly kh khng ngng t thit b ngng t n bnh x kh
khng ngng kh khng ngng i vo thit b x kh.
- Sau mt thi gian lm lnh thit b x kh ngng t ht mi cht cn ln,
tin hnh x kh ra ngoi.
3.4. Quy trnh x tuyt cho h thng lnh:
Khi bng bm dn lnh qu nhiu hiu qu lm lnh km do bng to nn lp
cch nhit, ng gi i b tc, lm chy qut gi, lm ngp lng my nn. V vy
phi thng xuyn x bng cho dn lnh.
x bng c 2 phng php: Quan st trc tip trn dn lnh nu thy bng
bm nhiu th tin hnh cng vic x bng, quan st dng in qut dn lnh, nu ln
hn tr s quy nh th thc hin x bng.
C 3 phng thc x bng : Dng in tr, mi cht nng v dng nc
Qu trnh x bng qua 3 giai on :
3.4.1.Rt mi cht dn lnh
Rt kit mi cht trong dn lnh: iu ny rt quan trng, v nu mi cht cn
tn ng nhiu trong dn lnh, khi x bng s bc hi v u ht my nn v ngng
t li thnh lng, khi khi ng my li s gy ra hin tng ngp lng, rt nguy
him.
Rt mi cht cho ti khi p sut trong dn bay hi t chn khng P ck =
600mmHg th c th coi t yu cu. Thi gian x bng c t sn nh r le
thi gian, i vi mi mt h thng nn quan st v t cho ph hp va ht kit
mi cht l c.
3.4.2. X bng
Qu trnh x bng dn lnh din ra trong vng 15 30 pht tu thuc vo tng
thit b c th v phng thc x bng. Trong giai on ny c th quan st thy nc
bng tan chy ra ng thot nc dn lnh.
Trong qu trnh x bng cc qut dn lnh phi dng trnh thi bn nc x

bng tung to trong bung lnh. Thi gian x bng cng cn chnh l cho ph hp
thc t, khng nn ko di qu lu, gy tn tht lnh khng cn thit. C th ngng
giai on x bng bt c lc no chuyn sang giai on sau bng cch nhn nt
dng x bng trn t in.
3.4.3.Lm kh dn lnh:
Sau khi x bng xong, dn lnh vn cn b t, nht l khi dng nc x
bng. Nu cho h thng hot ng li ngay nc bm trn dn lnh s lp tc ng
li to nn mt lp bng mi. V vy cn tin hnh lm kh dn lnh trc khi khi
ng li. Giai on ny cc qut dn lnh lm vic, h thng x bng dng. Thi gian
lm kh thng t 10 pht
4. Theo di cc thng s k thut:
- Kim tra p sut h thng:
+ p sut ngng t:
NH3 : Pk < 16,5 kG/cm2 (tk < 40oC)
R22 : Pk < 16 kG/cm2
R12 : Pk < 12 kG/cm2
+ p sut du :
Pd = Ph + (23) kG/cm2
- Ghi li ton b cc thng s hot ng ca h thng. C 30 pht ghi 01 ln.
Cc s liu bao gm : in p ngun, dng in cc thit b, nhit u y, u
ht v nhit tt c cc thit b, bung lnh, p sut u y, u ht, p sut
trung gian, p sut du, p sut nc.
So snh v nh gi cc s liu vi cc thng s vn hnh thng ngy.
Cu hi n tp bi 3:
1/ Trnh by cc bc kim tra h thng lnh trc khi vn hnh?
2/ Trnh by cc bc khi ng mt h thng lnh?
3/ Trnh by qui trnh rt gas - x gas cho h thng lnh?
4/ Trnh by qui trnh np du - x du cho h thng lnh?
5/ Trnh by qui trnh x kh khng ngng?
6/ Trnh by qui trnh x tuyt cho h thng lnh?
Bi 4: BO TR - BO DNG H THNG LNH - M bi: M 26-04

Mc tiu:
- Hiu mc ch v phng php kim tra h thng lnh
- S dng thnh tho ho cht, bm cao p, my nn kh
- Bit tra du, m cho cc thit b
- Sa cha thay th cc thit b hng
- Thao tc an ton.
Ni dung chnh:
1. Kim tra h thng lnh:
1.1. Kim tra lng gas trong my:
Trn cc ng ng cp dch ca cc h thng nh v trung bnh, thng c
lp t cc knh xem ga, mc ch l bo hiu lu lng lng v cht lng ca n
mt cch nh tnh, c th nh sau :
- Bo hiu lng ga chy qua ng ng c khng. Trong trng hp lng
chy in y ng ng, hu nh khng nhn thy s chuyn ng ca lng, ngc
li nu thiu lng, trn mt knh s thy si bt. Khi thiu ga trm trng trn mt
knh s c cc vt du chy qua.
- Bo hiu m ca mi cht. Khi trong lng c ln m th mu sc ca n
s b bin i. C th : Mu xanh: kh; Mu vng: c lt m cn thn trng; Mu
nu : Lt m nhiu cn x l. tin so snh trn vng chu vi ca mt knh ngi ta
c in sn cc mu c trng c th kim tra v so snh. Bin php x l m l cn
thay lc m mi hoc thay silicagen trong cc b lc.
- Ngoi ra khi trong lng c ln cc tp cht cng c th nhn bit qua mt
knh, v d trng hp cc ht ht m b hng, x hn trn ng ng..
Hnh 4.1: Mt xem gas
Knh xem gas loi ny c lp t bng ren. C cu to rt n

gin, phn thn c dng hnh tr trn, pha trn c lp 01 knh trn c
kh nng chu p lc tt v trong sut quan st lng. Knh c p cht ln pha
trn nh 01 l xo t bn trong.
1.2. Kim tra h thng truyn ng ai:
Kim tra cng ca dy ai bng cch n nu thy lng bng chiu dy
ca dy l t yu cu.
vo dy ai.
1.3. Kim tra lng du trong my:
Trn cc my nn c b tr knh xem du chng ta c th quan st c lng
du trong my nu lng du chim 2/3 mt xem du l du.
1.4. Kim tra lng cht ti lnh:
Chng ta c th quan st lng cht ti lnh thng qua knh thy.
1.5. Kim tra thit b bo v:
- i vi r le p sut cao HP ta iu chnh vt ci t v th tc ng xem
r le c hot ng tt khng.
- i vi r le hiu p sut du OP chng ta iu khin vt ci t v th tc
ng xem r le c hot ng tt khng.
2. Bo dng cc thit b chnh:
2.1. Bo dng my nn:
Vic bo dng my nn l cc k quan trng m bo cho h thng hot ng
c tt, bn, hiu sut lm vic cao nht, c bit i vi cc my c cng sut ln.
My lnh d xy ra s c trong 3 thi k : Thi k ban u khi mi chy th
v thi k xy ra cc hao mn cc chi tit my.
1. C sau 6.000 gi th phi i tu my mt ln. D my t chy th 01 nm cng phi
i tu 01 ln.
2. Cc my dng lu ngy , trc khi chy li phi tin hnh kim tra.
Cng tc i tu v kim tra bao gm:
- Kim tra kn v tnh trng ca cc van x van ht my nn.
- Kim tra bn trong my nn, tnh trng du, cc chi tit my c b hoen r, lau
chi cc chi tit. Trong cc k i tu cn phi tho cc chi tit, lau chi v thay du
m.
- Kim tra du bn trong cacte qua ca quan st du. Nu thy c bt kim loi
mu vng, cn bn th phi kim tra nguyn nhn. C nhiu nguyn nhn do bn trn
ng ht, do mi mn cc chi tit my
- Kim mc mi mn ca cc thit b nh trc khuu, cc m kn, vng

bc, pittng, vng gng, thanh truyn vv.. so vi kch thc tiu chun. Mi chi tit
yu cu mn ti a khc nhau. Khi mn vt qa mc cho php th phi thay
th ci mi.
- Th tc ng ca cc thit b iu khin HP, OP, WP, LP v b phn cp du.
- Lau chi v sinh b lc ht my nn.
i vi cc my nn lnh cc b lc bao gm: Lc ht my nn, bb lc du
kiu a v b lc tinh.
- i vi b lc ht: Kim tra xem li c b tc, b rch hay khng. Sau s
dng cc ho cht chuyn dng lau ra li lc.
- i vi b lc tinh cn kim tra xem b lc c xoay nh nhng khng. Nu
cn bn bm gia cc ming gt th s dng ming thp mng nh dao lam gt cn
bn. Sau chi sch bn trong. Sau khi chi xong thi hi nn t trong ra lm
sch b lc.
- Kim tra h thng nc gii nhit.
- V sinh bn trong m t: Trong qu trnh lm vic khng kh c ht vo
gii nhit cun dy m t v cun theo bi kh nhiu, bi lu ngy tch t tr
thnh lp cch nhit nh hng gii nhit cun dy.
- Bo dng nh k : Theo quy nh c sau 72 n 100 gi lm vic u tin
phi tin hnh thay du my nn. Trong 5 ln u tin phi tin hnh thay du hon
ton, bng cch m np bn tho sch du, dng gi sch thm ht du bn trong cc
te, v sinh sch s v chm du mi vo vi s lng y .
- Kim tra d phng : C sau 3 thng phi m v kim tra cc chi tit quan
trng ca my nh : xilanh, piston, tay quay thanh truyn, clppe, npbt vv...
- Ph cn o nc lm mt : Nu trn o nc lm mt b ng cu cn nhiu
th phi tin hnh x b cn bng cch dng hn hp axit clohidric 25% ngm 8 12
gi sau ra sch bng dung dch NaOH 10 15% v ra li bng nc sch.
- Tin hnh cn chnh v cng li dy ai ca mt khi thy lng. Cng vic
ny tin hnh kim tra hng tun.
2.2. Bo dng thit b ngng t:
Tnh trng lm vic ca thit b ngng t nh hng nhiu n hiu sut lm
vic ca h thng, an ton, bn ca cc thit b.
Bo dng thit b ngng t bao gm cc cng vic chnh sau y:
- V sinh b mt trao i nhit.
- X du tch t bn trong thit b.
- Bo dng cn chnh bm qut gii nhit
- X kh khng ngng thit b ngng t.
- V sinh b nc, x cn.
- Kim tra thay th cc vi phun nc, cc tm chn nc (nu c)
- Sn sa bn ngoi
- Sa cha thay th thit b in, cc thit b an ton v iu khin lin quan.
1. Bo dng bnh ngng :

v sinh bnh ngng c th tin hnh v sinh bng th cng hoc c th s
dng ho cht v sinh.
Khi cu cn bm vo bn trong thnh lp dy, bm cht th nn s dng ho
cht ph cu cn. Ra bng dung dch NaCO3 m, sau thi kh bng kh nn.
Trong trng hp cu cn d v sinh th c th tin hnh bng phng php v
sinh c hc. Khi tin hnh v sinh, phi tho cc np bnh, dng que thp c qun vi
lau chi bn trong ng ng. Cn ch trong qu trnh v sinh khng c lm
xy xc bn trong ng ng, cc vt xc c th lm cho ng ng hoen r hoc
tch t bn d hn. c bit khi s dng ng ng th phi cng cn thn.
- V sinh thp gii nhit, thay nc mi.
- X du : Ni chung du t khi tch t trong bnh ngng m chy theo ng
lng v bnh cha nn thc t thng khng c.
- nh k x air v cn bn cc np bnh v pha ng nc gii nhit.
- X kh khng ngng trong bnh ngng: Khi p sut trong bnh khc vi p
sut ngng t ca mi cht cng nhit th chng t trong bnh c lt kh khng
ngng. x khi khng ngng ta cho nc tun hon nhiu ln qua bnh ngng
ngng t ht gas cn trong bnh ngng. Sau c lp bnh ngng bng cch ng
van hi vo v lng ra khi bnh ngng. Nu h thng c bnh x kh khng ngng
th ni thng bnh ngng vi bnh x kh khng ngng, sau tin hnh lm mt v
x kh khng ngng. Nu khng c thit b x kh khng ngng th c th x trc
tip.
- Bo dng bm gii nhit v qut gii nhit ca thp gii nhit.
2.Bo dng dn ngng t bay hi:
- Khi dn ng trao i nhit ca dn ngng b bm bn c th lau chi bng gi
hoc dng ho cht nh trng hp bnh ngng. Cng vic ny cn tin hnh thng
xuyn. B mt cc ng trao i nhit thng xuyn tip xc vi nc v khng kh
nn tc n mn kh nhanh. V vy thng cc ng c nhng km nng, khi v
sinh cn cn thn, khng c gy try xc, gy n mn cc b.
- Qu trnh lm vic ca dn ngng lm bay hi mt lng nc ln, cn
bn c tch t li b. Sau mt thi gian ngn nc trong b rt bn. Nu tip tc
s dng cc u phun s b tc hoc cn bn bm trn b mt dn trao i nhit lm
gim hiu qa ca chng. V vy phi thng xuyn x cn bn trong b, cng vic
ny c tin hnh tu thuc cht lng ngun nc.
- V sinh v thay th vi phun : Kch thc cc l phun rt nh nn rt d b
tc bn, c bit khi cht lng ngun nc km. Khi mt s mi phun b tc, mt s
vng ca dn ngng khng c gii nhit lm gim hiu qu trao i nhit r rt. V
vy phi thng xuyn kim tra, v sinh v thay th cc vi phun h hng
- nh k cn chnh cnh qut dn ngng m bo cn bng ng tt nht.
- Bo dng cc bm, mt qut, thay du m.
- Kim tra thay th tm chn nc, nu khng qut b m chng hng.
3. Dn ngng kiu ti:

- c th ca dn ngng t kiu ti l cc dn trao i nhit trn trong mi
trng k nc thng xuyn nn cc loi ru thng hay pht trin,. V vy dn
thng b bm bn rt nhanh. Vic v sinh dn trao i nhit tng i d dng.
Trong trng hp ny cch tt nht l s dng cc bn chi mm lau chi cn bn.
- Ngun nc s dng, c cht lng khng cao nn thng xuyn x cn b
cha nc.
- X du tn ng bn trong dn ngng.
- Bo dng bm nc tun hon, thay du m.
4. Bo dng dn ngng t khng kh:
- V sinh dn trao i nhit : Mt s dn trao i nhit khng kh c b lc kh
bng nha hoc st t pha trc. Trong trng hp ny c th rt b lc ra lau chi
v sinh bng chi hoc s dng nc. i vi dn bnh thng : Dng chi mm
qut sch bi bn bm trn cc ng v cnh trao i nhit. Trong trng hp bi bn
bm nhiu v su bn trong c th dng kh nn hoc nc phun mnh vo ra.
- Cn chnh cnh qut v bo dng m t qut
- Tin hnh x du trong dn ngng
2.3. Bo dng thit b bay hi:
1.Bo dng dn bay hi khng kh:
- X bng dn lnh : Khi bng bm trn dn lnh nhiu s lm tng nhit tr
ca dn lnh, dng khng kh i qua dn b tc, gim lu lng gi, trong mt s
trng hp lm tc cc cnh qut, m t qut khng th quay lm chy m t. V vy
phi thng xuyn x bng dn lnh.
Trong 01 ngy ti thiu x 02 ln. Trong nhiu h thng c th quan st dng
in qut dn lnh tin hnh x bng. Ni chung khi bng bm nhiu, dng khng
kh b thu hp dng lm tng tr lc ko theo dng in ca qut tng. Theo di dng
in qut dn lnh c th bit chng no x bng l hp l nht.
Qu trnh x bng chia ra lm 3 giai on :
+ Giai on 1 : Ht ht gas trong dn lnh
+ Giai on 2 : X bng dn lnh
+ Giai on 3 : Lm kh dn lnh
- Bo dng qut dn lnh.
- V sinh dn trao i nhit, cmun vy cn ngng h thng hon ton, kh
dn lnh v dng chi qut sch. Nu khng c cn phi ra bng nc, h thng
c x nc ngng bng nuc c th dng v sinh dn.
- X du dn lnh v bnh thu hi du hoc x trc tip ra ngoi.
- V sinh mng thot nc dn lnh.
- Kim tra bo dng cc thit b o lng, iu khin.
2. Bo dng dn lnh xng c :
i vi dn lnh xng c kh nng bm bn t v thng xuyn ngp trong
nc mui. Cc cng vic lin quan ti dn lnh xng c bao gm:
- nh k x du tch t trong dn lnh. Do dung tch dn lnh xng c rt ln

nn kh nng tch t dn rt nhiu du. Khi du tch dn lnh xng c hiu qu
trao i nhit gim, qu trnh tun hon mi cht b nh hng v c bit lm my
thiu du nghim trng nh hng nhiu ti ch bi trn.
- Bo dng b cnh khuy:ng thi vi qu trnh bo dng dn lnh xng
c cn tin hnh kim tra, lc nc bn trong b. Nu qu bn c th x b thay
nc mi. Trong qu trnh lm vic, nc c th chy trn t cc khun ra b lm
gim nng mui, nu nng nc mui khng m bo cn b dung thm mui.
3. Bo dng bnh bay hi:
Bnh bay hi t x ra hng hc, ngoi tr tnh trng tch t du bn trong bnh.
V vy i vi bnh bay hi cn lu thng xuyn x du tn ng bn trong bnh.
Trng hp s dng lm lnh nc, c th xy ra tnh trng bm bn bn trong theo
hng ng nc, do cng cn phi v sinh, x cn trong trng hp
2.4. Bo dng thp gii nhit:
Nhim v ca thp gii nhit trong h thng lnh l lm ngui nc gii nhit
t bnh ngng. V sinh bo dng thp gii nhit nhm nng cao hiu qu gii nhit
bnh ngng.
Qu trnh bo dng bao gm cc cng vic ch yu sau:
- Kim tra hot ng ca cnh qut, mt, bm, dy ai, trc ria phn phi
nc.
- nh k v sinh li nha tn nc
- X cn bn y thp, v sinh, thay nc mi.
- Kim tra dng hot ng ca mt bm, qut, tnh trng lm vic ca van
phao. Bo dng bm qut gii nhit.
3. Bo tr - Bo dng cc thit b trong h thng:
3.1. Bo dng bm:
Bm trong h thng lnh gm :
- Bm nc gii nhit, bm nc x bng v bm nc lnh.
- Bm glycol v cc cht ti lnh khc.
- Bm mi cht lnh.
Tt c cc bm ny d s dng bm cc tc nhn khc nhau nhng v nguyn
l v cu to li hon ton tng t. V vy quy trnh bo dng ca chng cng
tng t nhau, c th l:
- Kim tra tnh trng lm vic, bc trc, m kn nc, x air cho bm, kim
tra khp ni truyn ng. Bi trn bc trc .
- Kim tra p sut trc sau bm m bo b lc khng b tc.
- Hon i chc nng ca cc bm d phng.
- Kim tra hiu chnh hoc thay th dy ai (nu c)
- Kim tra dng in v so snh vi bnh thng.
3.2. Bo dng qut - My khuy:
- Kim tra n , rung ng bt thng
- Kim tra cng dy ai, hiu chnh v thay th.

- Kim tra bc trc, v du m.
- V sinh cnh qut, trong trng hp cnh qut chy khng m cn tin hnh
sa cha cn bng ng tt nht
3.3. Bo tr h thng bi trn my nn:
- Tc phin lc du, cn tho v ra sch
- Du b chy do cc vng m ca np bt b mn, bc lt thanh truyn qu c
v mn. Cn kim tra mi ni v khc phc ch r. Thay bc, sa cha np bt
- Bm du b bn, cn tho ra v ra sch bnh rng, phin lc, kim tra, iu
chnh khe h gia bnh rng v thn bm.
3.4. Bo dng cm clap:
- Kim tra tnh trng lm vic ca cc l van.
- Lm v sinh cc l van ht v y.
3.5. Bo tr - Bo dng h thng in ng lc:
- Kim tra cc dy in ng lc.
- Kim tra s tip xc ca cc tip im v lm v sinh cc tip im chng
tip xc tt.
- Kim tra cu ch, aptomat tng.
3.6. Bo tr - Bo dng h thng in iu khin:
- Kim tra s tip xc ca cc tip im v lm v sinh cc tip im chng
tip xc tt.
- Kim tra cu ch, r le nhit, khi ng t.
- Lm v sinh cc thit b v thay th cc thit b.
Cu hi n tp bi 4:
1/ Trnh by cch thc kim tra h thng lnh trong khi vn hnh: kim tra lng gas,
lng du,lng cht ti lnh, b phn truyn ng ai, cc thit b bo v?
2/ Trnh by cc bc lm sch bnh ngng t bnh bay hi?
3/ Trnh by cc bc lm sch thp gii nhit?
4/ Trnh by cc bc lm sch h thng ng ng dn nc, h thng li lc gi,
phin lc gas ?
5/ Trnh by cc bc lm sch dn bay hi - dn ngng?
6/ Trnh by cc bc lm sch dn lnh xng c?
7/ Trnh by qui trnh bo dng bm?
8/ Trnh by qui trnh bo dng qut my khuy?
9/ Trnh by qui trnh bo dng cm clap?
10/ Trnh by qui trnh bo tr cm bi trn my nn?
Bi 5 : SA CHA H THNG LNH
M bi: M 26-05
Mc tiu:
- Bit phng php kim tra, xc nh h hng trong h thng lnh;
- Bit quan st, phn on, phn tch
- S dng thnh tho cc dng c o kim
- Bit tra du, m v lp rp li thit b vo h thng
Ni dung chnh:
1. Kim tra xc nh nguyn nhn h hng:
Trong qu trnh vn hnh v s dng h thng lnh, chng ta bt gp rt nhiu
s c c th xy ra. Phn tch cc triu chng v nm bt c nguyn nhn chng ta
s c bin php hp l nht sa cha.
c s nht k, trao i vi ngi vn hnh ca ca trc, so snh v nh gi
cc s liu vi cc thng s vn hnh thng ngy c th pht hin kp thi c
nhng s c trong h thng c bin php khc phc kp thi.
Quan st, xem xt ton b h thng
Kim tra xem xt cc thit b lin quan n s c
Chn lc ghi chp cc thng tin quan trng lin quan n s c
2. Kim tra - sa cha cc thit b chnh trong h thng lnh:
2.1. Nguyn nhn triu chng cch sa cha my nn:
Bng 5.1: Nguyn nhn triu chng cch sa cha my nn
Nguyn nhn
1.Mt c s c: chy,
tip xc khng tt, khi
ng t chy...
2.Dy ai qu cng
3.Ti qu ln (p sut
pha cao p v h p cao,
dng ln)
4. in th thp
5.C cu c kh bn
trong b hng
6.Ni dy vo mt sai
7.t cu ch, t dy
Triu chng
Khng c tn hiu g
M t ku nhng
khng chy
M t ku nhng
khng chy
Cch sa cha
Thay ng c, thay khi
ng t, sa li ch tip
xc in.
Cn chnh li dy ai
Gim ti cho my nn
C ting ku
C ting ku v rung bt
thng
Kim tra in p ngun

M my nn kim tra v
thay th cc chi tit b
gy, hng.
Khng c phn ng g
Thay th cu ch, u ni
in.
khi n nt cng tc in
t
8.Cc cng tc HP, OP v Khng c phn ng g
OCR ang trong tnh
khi n nt cng tc in
trng hot ng.
t
li dy in.
9. Ni dy vo b iu
khin sai hoc tip im
khng tt.
Kim tra v khc phc

cc s c p cao, p sut
du thp v s c qu
nhit.
Kim tra v khc phc li
cc im tip xc khng
tt.
in qua khi n nt
nhng nh ra th b ngt.
2.2. Nguyn nhn triu chng cch sa cha bnh ngng t - Bnh bay hi:
Bng 5.2: Nguyn nhn triu chng cch sa cha bnh ngng t - Bnh
bay hi
Nguyn nhn
1. Thiu nc gii nhit :
Do bm nh, do tc lc,
do ng nc nh, bm
hng, ng ng bn, tc
vi phun, nc trong b
vi.
2. B mt trao i nhit
b bn, b bm du
3. Lt kh khng ngng
4. Do nhit nc gii
nhit qu cao.
5. Din tch thit b
ngng t khng .
6. Np qu nhiu gas
7. B mt trao i nhit
b bn, b bm du
8. Din tch thit b bay
hi khng .
Triu chng
Bnh ngng nng bt
thng
Cch sa cha
- Kim tra bm v cc
thit b nu h hng th
thay th.
Bnh ngng nng bt

thng
p sut ngng t cao bt
thng
Bnh ngng nng bt
thng
Bnh ngng nng bt
thng
Phn di thit b ngng
t lnh, trn nng.
Bnh bay hi khng lnh.
Ngp dch.
Bnh bay hi ng bng.
Ngp dch.
V sinh b mt trao i
nhit.
Tin hnh x kh khng
ngng.
Kim tra thp gii nhit.
V sinh bnh ngng.
Thay th bnh ngng t.
X bt gas.
V sinh b mt trao i
nhit.
Thay th bnh bay hi.
2.3. Nguyn nhn triu chng cch sa cha dn ngng t - Dn bay hi:
Bng 5.3: Nguyn nhn triu chng cch sa cha dn ngng t

Dn bay hi
Nguyn nhn
1. B mt trao i nhit
b bn, b bm du
2. Lt kh khng ngng
3. Do nhit khng kh
gii nhit qu cao.
4. Din tch thit b
ngng t khng .
5.H qut dn ngng,
qut dn ngng quay
chm.
6. Np qu nhiu gas
Triu chng
Dn ngng nng bt
thng
p sut ngng t cao bt
thng
Dn ngng nng bt
thng
Dn ngng nng bt
thng
Dn ngng nng bt
thng
Phn di thit b ngng

t lnh, trn nng.
7. B mt trao i nhit
Dn bay hi khng lnh,
b bn, b bm du
b bm bng.
Ngp dch.
8. Din tch thit b bay
Dn bay hi ng bng.
hi khng .
Ngp dch.
9. H qut dn lnh, qut Dn lnh b ng bng.
dn lnh quay chm.
Cch sa cha
V sinh b mt trao i
nhit.
Tin hnh x kh khng
ngng.
V sinh b mt trao i
nhit, kim tra qut.
V sinh dn ngng.
Thay th dn ngng t.
Thay qut.
Thay t.
X bt gas.
V sinh b mt trao i
nhit.
Thay th bnh bay hi.
Thay qut.
Thay t.
2.4. Nguyn nhn triu chng cch sa cha phin lc - ng mao:

Bng 5.4: Nguyn nhn triu chng cch sa cha phin lc - ng mao
Nguyn nhn
Triu chng
Cch sa cha
1. Do bn tch tr ngy Khi tt nghn hon ton: Thay phin lc mi
cng nhiu gy ngt hon - p sut u ht gim.
ton phin lc.
v chn khng.
- p sut u y gim
- Dng lm vi c gim.
- My nn c th ngng
hot ng.
- H thng mt lnh.
2. on ng trc phin
lc b bin dng ( mp
mo, cong) nn ti
mi cht s thc hi n
qu trnh tit lu lm cho
Khi tt nghn khng

hon ton:
- Phin lc b ng sng
hoc ng bng.
- p sut u ht gim
- Lm r nguyn nhn
gy tt.
- Thay th on ng b
mp mo.
- Thay phin lc mi nu
phin lc b ng bng.
- Phin lc b tc bn 1
phn cng c th lm cho
mi cht b tit lu gy
nn phin lc b ng
bng.
- p sut u y gim. phin lc qu bn.

- Dng lm vi c gim.
- My nn c th ngng
hot ng.
- H thng lm lnh
km.
3. Kim tra - sa cha cc thit b ph trong h thng lnh:

3.1. Nguyn nhn triu chng cch sa cha cha bm:
Bng 5.5: Nguyn nhn triu chng cch sa cha cha bm
Nguyn nhn
1.Bm c s c: chy,
tip xc khng tt, khi
ng t chy...
2.Dy ai qu cng
3. in th thp
4.Ni dy vo bm sai
5.t cu ch, t dy
in.
6. Ni dy vo b iu
khin sai hoc tip im
khng tt.
7.Bm b nght
Triu chng
Khng c tn hiu g
M t ku nhng
khng chy
Bm khng lm vic
Bm khng chy.
Bm chy ngc.
Khng c phn ng g
khi n nt cng tc in
t
in qua khi n nt
Thiu nc gii nhit.
Thiu cht ti lnh.
Bm khng chy
Cch sa cha
- Thay ng c, thay
khi ng t, sa li ch
tip xc in.
Cn chnh li dy ai
Kim tra in p ngun
u li dy.
Thay th cu ch, u ni
li dy in.
cc im tip xc khng
tt.
Ra phin hoc thay phin
lc.
3.2. Nguyn nhn triu chng cch sa cha thp gii nhit:
Bng 5.6: Nguyn nhn triu chng cch sa cha thp gii nhit
Nguyn nhn
Triu chng
1. Thiu nc gii nhit : - Nc nng
Cch sa cha
- Kim tra v khc phc
Do bm nh, do tc lc,
do ng nc nh, bm
hng, ng ng bn, tc
vi phun, nc trong b
vi.
2. Qut thp gii nhit
khng lm vic
- Dng in bm gii
nhit cao.
- Thit b ngng t nng
bt thng
cc nguyn nhn trn.
- Nc trong thp nng

- Dng in qut ch 0
Thay qut.
3.3. Nguyn nhn triu chng cch sa cha cha my khuy:

Bng 5.7: Nguyn nhn triu chng cch sa cha cha my khuy
Nguyn nhn
1.ng c c s c:
chy, tip xc khng tt,
khi ng t chy...
2.Dy ai qu cng
3. in th thp
4.Ni dy vo ng c
cnh khuy sai
5.t cu ch, t dy
in.
6. Ni dy vo b iu
khin sai hoc tip im
khng tt.
Triu chng
Khng c tn hiu g.
Nc mui trong b
khng lnh.
M t ku nhng
khng chy.
ng c khng lm vic
ng c khng chy.
ng c chy ngc.
Khng c phn ng g
khi n nt cng tc in
t
in qua khi n nt
Cch sa cha
- Thay ng c, thay
khi ng t, sa li ch
tip xc in.
Cn chnh li dy ai
Kim tra in p ngun
u li dy.
Thay th cu ch, u ni
li dy in.
cc im tip xc khng
tt.
3.4. Nguyn nhn triu chng cch sa cha ng c :

Cch xc nh cc nguyn nhn v cch sa cha ng c nh sa cha cc
loi bm, ng c cnh khuy.
3.5. Nguyn nhn triu chng cch sa cha cc thit b bo v:
Bng 5.8: Nguyn nhn triu chng cch sa cha cc thit b bo v
Nguyn nhn
1. My lm vic qu
nng: p sut cao p cao,
thiu nc gii nhit, o
nc b nghn, ng
ng gii nhit my nh,
b nghn, chy b phn
chuyn ng , thiu du
Triu chng
Cch sa cha
Thit b OCR tc ng.
- Tm nguyn nhn ph
Rle cao p HP tc ng. hp v sa cha.
Rle OP tc ng.
bi trn.
2.Nhng h hng ca
thit b ngng t.
3. Nhng h hng ca
thp gii nhit.
4. Do ht du, p sut
du thp, dch vo
carte nn p sut du
khng ln.
3.6. Nguyn nhn triu chng cch sa cha cc thit b iu chnh:
Bng 5.9: Nguyn nhn triu chng cch sa cha cc thit b iu chnh
Nguyn nhn
1.Van tit lu nh hoc
VTL m nh.
2. Van tit lu m qu
to, Chn van c cng
sut ln qu
3.Thermostat b h hng
hoc ci t sai.
Triu chng
Nhit bung lnh cao
hn nhiu so vi nhit
ht.
Sng bm carte do
nn m
Cch sa cha
iu chnh hoc thay th
VTL.
Nhit bung lnh

khng t hoc h thng
khng lm vic.
Thay sensor hoc thay

thermostat.
iu chnh hoc thay th

VTL.
4. Sa cha h thng in:

Lu : Trc khi kim tra v sa cha h thng in th chng ta cn phi ct
ngun m bo khng cn in trong cc thit b.
Bng 5.10: Nguyn nhn triu chng cch sa cha h thng in
Nguyn nhn
1. Khng c ngun in
cp vo.
2. t cu ch,t dy
in.
3.Tip im khng tip
xc tt.
4.Chy khi ng t,
rle nhit, rle trung
gian, timer, ng h ph
bng.
5. Ni t khng tt
Triu chng
H thng khng c tn
hiu.
H thng khng hot
ng.
in qua khi n nt
H thng khng hot
ng.
Cch sa cha
Kim tra in ngun.
in r ra cc thit b
Ni t li cho h thng.
Thay th cu ch
Lm sch v u ni li
cc tip im.
Thay th cc thit b b
chy
6. H thng b qu ti
7. in p thp hoc b
mt pha.
8.u ngc pha
Rle nhit tc ng
H thng khng hot
ng.
H thng khng hot
ng.
9.Chy in tr x ,
H thng khng x
chy hoc tip im ng c.
h ph bng tip xc
khng tt.
Khc phc s c qu ti
Kim tra in p ngun.
o li pha
Kim tra v thay th cc
thit b.
5. Sa cha h thng nc:

Trong mt h thng lnh nc c s dng cho vic gii nhit cho bnh
ngng, lm mt cho my nn. Ngoi ra, nc c th dng x bng v th nc
ng vai tr quan trng v nh hng n hiu qu lm vic ca h thng.
Bng 5.11: Nguyn nhn triu chng cch sa cha h thng nc
Nguyn nhn
1. Bm nc b hng.
2. Do bm thiu cng
sut.
3. Do tc lc, do ng
nc nh, ng ng
bn, tc vi phun, nc
trong b vi.
4. Bm nc b hng.
5. Do tc lc, do ng
nc nh, ng ng
bn, tc vi phun, nc
Triu chng
- H thng khng c
nc gii nhit.
- p sut ngng t tng
cao.
- Nhit cui tm nn
cao.
- H thng khng hot
ng.
- Nc nng
- Dng in bm gii
nhit cao.
- Thit b ngng t nng
bt thng
- Nc nng
- Dng in bm gii
nhit cao.
- Thit b ngng t nng
bt thng
H thng khng x bng
c bng bm nhiu
trn d lnh.
- Thi gian x bng lu
- Dng in bm gii
nhit cao.
Cch sa cha
- Sa cha bm.
- Thay bm mi.
- Thay nc trong h
thng.
- Thay phin lc.
- Lm sch cc vi phun.
- Thay ng ng.
- Sa cha bm.
- Thay nc trong h
thng.
- Thay phin lc.
trong b vi.
- Lm sch cc vi phun.
- Thay ng ng.
Cu hi n tp bi 5:
1/ Trnh by phng php kim tra xc nh cc nguyn nhn h hng trong h thng
lnh?
2/ Trnh by nguyn nhn triu chng cch sa cha my nn?
3/ Trnh by nguyn nhn triu chng cch sa cha bnh ngng t - bnh bay
hi?
4/ Trnh by nguyn nhn triu chng cch sa cha dn ngng t - dn bay hi?
5/ Trnh by nguyn nhn triu chng cch sa cha phin lc - ng mao?
6/ Trnh by nguyn nhn triu chng cch sa cha cha bm?
7/ Trnh by nguyn nhn triu chng cch sa cha thp gii nhit?
8/ Trnh by nguyn nhn triu chng cch sa cha cha my khuy?
9/ Trnh by nguyn nhn triu chng cch sa cha ng c?
10/ Trnh by nguyn nhn triu chng cch sa cha cc thit b bo v - iu
chnh?
11/ Trnh by nguyn nhn triu chng cch sa cha h thng in?
12/ Trnh by nguyn nhn triu chng cch sa cha h thng nc?
Bi 6 : VN HNH, X L S C TRONG MT S H THNG LNH

M bi: M 26-06
Mc tiu:
+ Hiu mc ch v phng php vn hnh h thng lnh ghp.
+ Hiu mc ch v phng php vn hnh h thng lnh c s dng thit b DIXELL.
+ Hiu mc ch v phng php vn hnh h thng lnh c s dng thit b PLC.
+ Hiu mc ch v phng php x l mt s s c thng gp trong h thng lnh.
+ S dng c cc dng c o kim.
+ c hiu bn v h thng lnh v h thng in.

+ Vn hnh h thng ng yu cu k thut.
+ Ci t ch vn hnh trn b DIXELL.
+ Ci t ch vn hnh trn b DIXELL.
+ Xc nh ng nguyn nhn gy ra s c trong h thng lnh.
+ Sa cha, khc phc cc s c.
Ni dung chnh:
1. Vn hnh h thng lnh c s dng thit b DIXELL:
1.1. Tm hiu cu to, hot ng ca DIXELL
Thit b DIXELL c dng cho vic iu chnh v khng ch nhit trong
cc h thng lnh. DIXELL c nhiu loi XR72CX, XR70CX, XR70C, XR 60CX,
XR60C,
XR40CX,
XR30CX,
XR20CX,XR745C,
XR775C,
XR120C,
XR100C.Trong cc loi XR72CX, XR70CX, XR70C, XR 60CX, XR60C,
XR745C, XR775C, XR120C, XR100C ng dng cho cc h thng lnh lm vic
nhit trung bnh hoc m su.V ti liu ny gii hn chng ti xin gii thit v
DIXELL XR60C.
Hnh 6.1: DIXELL XR60C

Thit b XR60C, kch thc 32 x 74 mm, l mt b vi iu khin, c dng
cho cc cm my lm lnh nhit trung bnh hoc m su. N c ba tip im ng
ra iu khin my nn, qut v x (bng in tr hoc gas nng). C hai u d
NTC ng vo, mt dng cho vic iu khin nhit phng, mt c t ngay
dn lnh iu khin nhit kt thc x v qut. Thit b c th c nh ton
b cu hnh thng qua cc thng s c bit c lp trnh d dng bng bn phm.
1. iu khin ti
a. My nn
Vic iu khin my nn c thc hin da trn nhit o c bi u d
nhit phng, vi gii hn di ca nhit bng gi tr ci t v gii hn trn
bng gi tr ci t cng thm mt lch; ngha l: my nn khi ng khi nhit
phng tng ln n gii hn trn v ngng khi nhit ny gim xung bng vi gii
hn di.
Trong trng hp u d nhit phng b h hng th vic chy v ngng
my nn c nh gi thng qua cc thng s COn v COF.
b. X
Qu trnh x c iu khin qua thng s tdF vi hai kiu: x bng
in tr (tdF = EL) v x bng gas nng (tdF = in). Cc thng s khc dng
iu khin khong thi gian gia cc ln x (IdF), v thi gian x ti a (MdF).

Hai kiu x c nh gi v iu khin bi u d nhit dn lnh (P2P).
c. Qut dn lnh
Kiu hot ng ca qut c iu khin qua thng s FnC:
FnC = C_n : qut chy theo my nn, v khng chy khi x .
FnC = o_n : qut chy lin tc, v khng chy khi x .
Sau khi x xong, c th ci t mt khong thi gian qut dng cho kh
nc nh vo thng s Fnd.
FnC = C_Y : qut chy theo my nn, v chy ngay c khi x .
FnC = o_Y : qut chy sut ngay c trong lc x .
Ngoi ra, cn c thm thng s FSt dng ci nh gi tr cho nhit o
bi u d dn lnh, v khi nhit dn lnh vut qu gi tr ny th qut lun lun
TT. iu ny m bo rng khng kh trong phng lnh ch lu thng khi nhit
thp hn gi tr ci t bi thng s FSt.
2. Cc lnh bn phm
SET : phm ny dng xem nhit ci t; trong ch lp trnh, n c
dng chn la mt thng s hoc xc nh mt thao tc ci t.
: phm ny dng x bng tay.
phm ny dng xem nhit lu tr ln nht; trong ch lp trnh, n
cho
php duyt qua cc thng s hoc tng gi tr hin th
:
phm ny dng xem nhit lu tr nh nht; trong ch lp trnh,
n
cho php duyt qua cc thng s hoc gim gi tr hin th.
a. Cc phm kt hp
: kha v m kha bn phm.
:vo ch lp trnh.
: tr v ch hin th nhit phng.
b. ngha ca cc led hin th
Bng 6.1: Chc nng ca cc LED c m t trong bng sau
Led
Trng thi
Chc nng
Sng
My nn ang hot ng
Nhp nhy ang ch lp trnh
Cho php tr hon chu k ngn nht.
Sng
ang x
Nhp nhy ang ch lp trnh.
X nc
Sng
Qut ang chy
Nhp nhy Qut dng (cho ro nc) sau khi x kt thc
3.S u in:
a. XR60C 12VAC/DV hoc 24VAC/DV:
Hnh 6.2: S u in DIXELL XR60 12VAC/DV

b. XR60C 120VAC hoc 230 VAC:
Hnh 6.3: S u in DIXELL XR60 220VAC

1.2. Kim tra h thng lnh
1.2.1. c bn v v nht k cng trnh
Hnh 6.4: S nguyn l kho tr ng

1. My nn
3. Dn ngng
5. Dn lnh
2. Bnh tch du
4. Bnh cha cao p
6. Bnh tch lng
7. Van tit lu
8. Van in t cp dch
9. Van in t x bng
Hnh trn l s nguyn l h thng kho tr ng cng sut 2000kg/m cp
dch trc tip. Theo s ny, h thng s c x bng bng gas nng c trch t
sau bnh tch du.
1.2.2. S dng thnh tho cc dng c o
Nm c cng dng, c v hiu chnh c cc thit b o lng.
1.2.3. Hiu cu to v vn hnh ca thit b lnh
360V < U < 400V
- Kim tra mc nc trong cc b cha nc, trong thp gii nhit, trong b
dn ngng ng thi kim tra cht lng nc xem c m bo yu cu k thut
khng. Nu khng m bo th phi b b sung nc mi, sch hn.
ng th m t t.
1.3. Kim tra h thng in, ci t ch vn hnh trn b DIXELL
K1A,K4A,K5A,K6A Rle trung gian
K2A,K3A Rle trung gian mch
mch iu khin
s c
K1T,K2T,K3T Rle thi gian
F1 Rle nhit my nn
HP Rle p sut cao
LP Rle p sut thp
T Rle nhit phng
T1 Rle x bng
K1 Contactor qut dn bay hi
K2 Contactor my nn
K3 Contactor qut dn ngng
Y1 Van in t ht kit
Y2 Van in t x bng
1, 2 n bo s c
3,4 n bo x bng
: tip im Dixell

1.3.3. Hiu cu to v vn hnh ca thit b in
Nm c cu to, kim tra v ci t cc thit b in.
1.3.4. Ci t c cc ch vn hnh
Xem li phn ci t cc thit b iu khin trong h thng.
1.4.Vn hnh h thng lnh c s dng thit b DIXELL
1.4.1. Vn hnh my nn:
- Trc khi khi ng ln u tin (hay sau mt thi gian ngng lu hng
thng), phi bm nhi nht bng bm tay. Nu khi ng li sau khi ngng ngn hn
th theo cc bc tip theo sau y.
- Cp ngun vo b sy nht v m van ht 6-8 gi trc khi khi ng

chng ht mi cht ra khi nht.
- Kim tra mc nht qua mt nht.
- Bt qut gi v bm gii nhit dn ngng, m nc lm mt my nn.
- Kim tra cc mc an ton ci t cho my nn.
- M van chn ng y ca my nn.
- t cng sut my mc thp nht.
- gim ti, van ht ch nn m vi vng.
- M ton b cc van khc tr van chnh trn ng dch lng.
- my, ch p lc ht v p lc du.
- Thn trng m van ht cho ht n ht c.
- M van chnh trn ng dch lng.
- Nu nht si bt, hoc nghe ting my g do cc git bi lng ng ht
th phi lp tc ng bt van ht li.
- My hot ng bnh thng ,tng ti ln tng bc ,ch chon n nh trc
khi tng sang cp khc. Lun ti nht v p lc nht.
- Kim tra xem ng tr nht t bnh tch v my c hot ng tt
khng.ng dn thng phi hi m/nng sau khi my chy khong 30 pht.
- Khng ri khi my trong 15 pht u sau khi khi ng , v/hoc khng
c ri khi my cha chy n nh.
1.4.2. Vn hnh h thng:
* a MCCB chnh sang v tr ON: MCCB phi lun lun v tr ON
si du cho h thng . (ch OFF MCCB khi dng h thng phc v bo tr, sa
cha)
* a cc MCCB qut dn lnh, qut dn nng, my nn sang v tr ON c 2
ch hot ng h thng : Bng tay & t ng. Ch hot ng bng tay (MAN)
ch s dng kim tra hot ng ca h thng & kim tra h thng sau khi sa cha
hoc theo yu cu ring ca ngi vn hnh .
* Khi ng bng tay: MAN
- Kim tra a cng tc chuyn qut sang v tr MAN.
- a cng tc iu khin my nn sang v tr OFF
- n nt ON khi ng qut dn lnh: sau 1 pht
- n nt ON khi ng qut dn nng: sau 1-3 pht
- a cng tc iu khin my nn 1 sang v tr Man, my nn s khi ng
sau 3 pht.
* Khi ng t ng (auto)
- a cng tc iu khin my nn, qut dn nng v qut dn lnh sang v tr
auto h thng s hot ng theo th t sau:
+ Nhn nt ON: Qut dn lnh hot ng.
+ Sau 3 pht: Qut dn nng hot ng v my nn hot ng.
1.5. o kim cc thng s

+ p sut ngng t:
Pk < 16 kG/cm2
+ p sut du :
Pd = Ph + (23) kG/cm2
So snh v nh gi cc s liu .
2. Vn hnh h thng lnh c s dng thit b PLC:
2.1. Tm hiu cu to, hot ng ca h thng lnh
2.1.1. Tm hiu cu to, hot ng ca h thng lnh
Kho lnh dng tr ng nhit kho -18oC. H thng gm cc thit b chnh
sau y:
- My nn: H thng s dng my nn na kn Mycom 1 cp.
-Thit b ngng t: s dng dn ngng t i lu cng bc.
-Thit b bay hi: s dng dn bay hi lm lnh khng kh.
-Van tit lu: h thng s dng van tit lu nhit loi cn bng trong.
H thng lnh x bng bng gas nng c trch pha sau bnh tch du.
2.1.2. Cu to, nguyn l lm vic ca h thng lnh c s dng thit b PLC
1/ Cu trc v hot ng ca PLC
* Cu trc:
Mt h thng lp trnh c bn phi gm c hai phn: khi x l trung tm
(Central Processing Unit: CPU) v h thng giao tip vo/ra (Input/Output).
Input Area: cc tn hiu nhn vo t cc thit b u vo bn ngoi (Input
Devices) s c lu trong vng nh ny.
Output Area: Cc lnh iu khin u ra s c lu trong vng nh ny. Cc
mch in t trong PLC s x l lnh v a ra tn hiu iu khin thit b ngoi.
CPU: L ni x l mi hoy ng ca PLC bao gm vic thc hin chng
trnh.
Khi iu khin trung tm (CPU) gm ba phn: B x l, h thng b nh v
h thng ngun cung cp.
Processo (b x l): ni thc hin chng trnh.
Memory (b nh): L ni lu chng trnh iu khin v cc trng thi trug
gian trong qu trnh thc hin.
C hai loi b nh nh sau:
-B nh RAM (Random Access Memory): RAM l b nh chnh trong mi
my tnh k c PLC. B nh RAM c li im l dung lng ln nhng gi r. RAM
l loi b nh c th c/ghi chng trnh d dng. Tuy nhin d liu trog RAM s b
xa sch khi s c v in. V vy mun lu tr chng trnh trong b nh RAM th

ngi ta nui b nh Ram bng mt ngun pin.
-B nh ROM (Read Only Memory): ROM l b nh ch c. B nh ch c
tnh tri ngc vi b nh RAM l rt kh xa nn khi gp s c v in th ni dung
chng trnh vn lu trong b nh.
Power Supply (b ngun): c nhim v chuyn i in p AC thnh in p thp
cho b vi x l v cho cc mch in trong cc module cn li. Cc in p ra thng
l 5V cung cp cho cc vi x l, 24V cp cho cc module
* Hot ng ca PLC:
c chia lm 3 giai on:
-Giai on 1: c d liu ng nhp - hay cn gi l u vo - (dng Binary
hoc Analog) vo PLC v lu tr trong b nh (lu tr dng Binary
-Giai on 2: X l d liu theo trt t logic s c lu tr trong b nh.
-Giai on 3: Xut kt qu ra ngoi PLC, tn hiu ng ra PLC s a n c
cu chp hnh.
H thng cc cng vo/ra dng a cc tn hiu ngoi vi vo CPU.
Thit b u vo: nt nhn on, off, reset, tn hiu nhit , p sut, cc thit b
bo v.
Thit b u ra: cun dy contactor, thit b hin th nh n ci
Nt n v
cng tc
logic gii
hn
B quan st bo
ng v du
nhn v nhit o
B khng ch p
sut, nhit v
cc thng s
ngun
u vo
th cng
PLC
Cun t
Van
Hnh 6.7: S kt ni PLC

Sau khi nhn c tn hiu ng vo th CPU s x l v a cc tn hiu iu
khin qua module xut ra cc thit b c iu khin.
Trong sut qu trnh hot ng, CPU c hoc qut (scan) d liu hoc trng
thi ca thit b ngoi vi thng qua ng vo, sau thc hin cc chng trnh trong
b nh nh sau: mt b m chng trnh s nht lnh t b nh chng trnh a ra
thanh ghi lnh thi hnh chng trnh dng STL (StatemenList-dng lnh lit k)
s c dch ra ngn ng my ct trong b nh chng trnh, CPU s gi hoc cp
nht tn hiu ti cc thit b, c thc hin thng qua module xut. Mt chu k gm
c tn hiu ng vo, thc hin chng trnh v gi cp nht tn hiu ng ra c
gi l mt chu k qut.
2/ Phng php vit chng trnh cho PLC
Cch lp trnh cho S7 - 200 ni ring v cho cc PLC ca Siemen ni chung
da trn hai phng php c bn:
-Phng php hnh thang (Ladder Logic vit tt l LAD)
-Phng php lit k lnh (Statement List vit tt l STL).
Nu chng trnh c vit theo kiu LAD hay FBD th thit b lp trnh s t
to ra mt chng trnh theo kiu STL tng ng. Ngc li khng phi mi chng
trnh c vit theo kiu STL cng c th chuyn sang c dng LAD hay FBD.
* S hnh thang LAD
LAD l mt ngn ng lp trnh bng ho. Nhng thnh phn c bn dng
trong LAD tng ng vi cc thnh phn ca bng iu khin bng r le. Trong
chng trnh LAD cc phn t c bn dng biu din lnh logic nh sau:
- Tip im: L biu tng (symbol) m t cc tip im ca r le. Cc tip
im c th l thng m hoc thng ng
.
- Cun dy (coil): L biu tng m t r le c mc theo chiu dng in
cung cp cho r le.
- Hp (box): L biu tng m t cc hm khc nhau, n lm vic khi c dng
in chy n hp. Nhng dng hm thng c biu din bng hp l cc b
Timer, b m (counter) v cc hm ton hc. Cun dy v cc hp phi c mc
ng chiu dng in.
- Mng LAD: L ng ni cc phn t thnh mt mch hon thin, i t
ng ngun bn tri sang ng ngun bn phi. ng ni ngun bn tri l dy
nng, ng ngun bn phi l dy trung ho hay l ng tr v ngun cung cp.
ng ngun bn phi thng khng c th hin khi dng S7 - 200.
Nhng ngi quen vi k thut iu khin dng relais v khi ng t thng
chn loi ny.
Biu th cc chc nng iu khin bng k hiu s mch
vi cc loi k hiu cng tc, r le, cun cm, dy ni ...
I
0.0
I
0.1
Q 1.0
( )
Hnh 6.8: S LAD

* Phng php lit k lnh ( Statement list- STL)
Phng php lit k lnh l phng php th hin chng trnh di dng tp
hp cc cu lnh. y l dng ngn ng lp trnh thng thng ca my tnh. Mt
chng trnh c ghp bi nhiu cu lnh theo mt thut ton nht nh, mi lnh
chim mt hng v u c cu trc chung: "tn lnh"+"ton hng".
Lnh
(operation)
i tng lnh
004 A I
a ch ca lnh
(operand)
0.2
Tham s
Tn v loi i tng
Hnh 6.9: S kiu STL

a ch ca lnh: s th t dng lnh.
Lnh: Ni dung thao tc m PLC phi tc ng ln i tng lnh.
i tng lnh c 2 phn:
+ Tn v loi i tng lnh.
+ Tham s xc nh c th i tng lnh.
2.2.1. c bn v s nguyn l, in v c kh:
1/ S nguyn l kho tr ng
Hnh 6.10: S nguyn l kho tr ng

1. My nn
2. Bnh tch du
3. Dn ngng
4. Bnh cha cao p
5. Dn lnh
6. Bnh tch lng
7. Van tit lu
8. Van in t cp dch
9. Van in t x bng
Hnh trn l s nguyn l h thng kho tr ng cng sut 2000kg/m cp
dch trc tip. Theo s ny, h thng s c x bng bng gas nng c trch t
sau bnh tch du.
2/ S lp trnh PLC
Hnh 6.11: Chng trnh PLC
2.2. Kim tra h thng lnh, in v ci t ch vn hnh trn b PLC

c v nm c s nguyn l ca h thng lnh, kim tra li cc thit b
c lp t .
2.2.3. Hiu cu to v vn hnh ca thit b lnh
360V < U < 400V
ng th m t t.
2.3. Vn hnh h thng lnh c s dng thit b PLC
1/ Vn hnh my nn:
- Trc khi khi ng ln u tin (hay sau mt thi gian ngng lu hng
thng), phi bm nhi nht bng bm tay. Nu khi ng li sau khi ngng ngn hn
th theo cc bc tip theo sau y.
- Cp ngun vo b sy nht v m van ht 6-8 gi trc khi khi ng
chng ht mi cht ra khi nht.
- Kim tra mc nht qua mt nht.
- Bt qut gi v bm gii nhit dn ngng, m nc lm mt my nn.
- Kim tra cc mc an ton ci t cho my nn.
- M van chn ng y ca my nn.
- t cng sut my mc thp nht.
- gim ti, van ht ch nn m vi vng.
- M ton b cc van khc tr van chnh trn ng dch lng.
- my, ch p lc ht v p lc du.
- Thn trng m van ht cho ht n ht c.
- M van chnh trn ng dch lng.
- Nu nht si bt, hoc nghe ting my g do cc git bi lng ng ht

th phi lp tc ng bt van ht li.
- My hot ng bnh thng ,tng ti ln tng bc ,ch chon n nh trc
khi tng sang cp khc. Lun ti nht v p lc nht.
- Kim tra xem ng tr nht t bnh tch v my c hot ng tt
khng.ng dn thng phi hi m/nng sau khi my chy khong 30 pht.
- Khng ri khi my trong 15 pht u sau khi khi ng , v/hoc khng
c ri khi my cha chy n nh.
2/ Vn hnh h thng:
* a MCCB chnh sang v tr ON: MCCB phi lun lun v tr ON
si du cho h thng . (ch OFF MCCB khi dng h thng phc v bo tr, sa
cha)
* a cc MCCB qut dn lnh, qut dn nng, my nn sang v tr ON c 2
ch hot ng h thng : Bng tay & t ng. Ch hot ng bng tay (MAN)
ch s dng kim tra hot ng ca h thng & kim tra h thng sau khi sa cha
hoc theo yu cu ring ca ngi vn hnh .
* Khi ng bng tay: MAN
- Kim tra a cng tc chuyn qut sang v tr MAN.
- a cng tc iu khin my nn sang v tr OFF
- n nt ON khi ng qut dn lnh: sau 1 pht
- n nt ON khi ng qut dn nng: sau 1-3 pht
- a cng tc iu khin my nn 1 sang v tr Man, my nn s khi ng
sau 3 pht.
* Khi ng t ng (auto)
- a cng tc iu khin PLC sang v tr ON
- a cng tc iu khin my nn sang v tr auto h thng s hot ng theo
th t sau:
+ Sau 3 pht: Qut dn lnh hot ng.
+ Sau 3 pht: Qut dn nng hot ng.
+ Sau 3 pht: My nn hot ng.
2.4. o kim cc thng s
+ p sut ngng t:
Pk < 16 kG/cm2
+ p sut du :
Pd = Ph + (23) kG/cm2
So snh v nh gi cc s liu .
3. Vn hnh, x l s c trong mt s h thng lnh:

tin hnh x l cc s c trong mt h thng lnh th vic xc nh cc
nguyn nhn v cc triu chng l mt vic rt quan trng.
3.1. X l s c m t my nn khng quay
Bng 6.2: X l s c m t my nn khng quay
Nguyn nhn
Triu chng
Cch x l
1.Mt c s c: chy, tip Khng c tn hiu g
- Thay ng c, thay
xc khng tt, khi ng t
khi ng t, sa li
chy...
ch tip xc in.
2.Dy ai qu cng
M t ku nhng
- Cn chnh li dy ai.
khng chy
3.Ti qu ln (p sut pha M t ku nhng
- Gim ti cho my
cao p v h p cao, dng
khng chy
nn.
ln)
4. in th thp
C ting ku
- Thay ng c, thay
khi ng t, sa li
ch tip xc in.
5.C cu c kh bn trong
C ting ku v rung bt - M my nn kim tra
b hng
thng
v thay th cc chi tit
b hng.
6.Ni dy vo mt sai
- Ni li dy.
7.t cu ch, t dy in. Khng c phn ng g
- Thay cu ch, dy
khi n nt cng tc in
in.
t.
8.Cc cng tc HP, OP v
Khng c phn ng g
- Kim tra v khc
OCR ang trong tnh trng khi n nt cng tc in
phc cc s c p cao,
hot ng.
t.
p sut du thp v s
c qu nhit.
9. Ni dy vo b iu
in qua khi n nt
- Kim tra v khc
khin sai hoc tip im
nhng nh ra th b ngt. phc li cc im tip
khng tt.
xc khng tt.
3.2. X l s c p sut y qu cao: y l s c thng gp nhiu trong thc t.
Bng 6.3: X l s c p sut y qu cao
Nguyn nhn
Triu chng
Cch x l
1.Thiu nc gii nhit :
- Nc nng
- Kim tra bm v cc
Do bm nh, do tc lc,
- Dng in bm gii
thit b nu h hng
do ng nc nh, bm
nhit cao.
th thay th.
hng, ng ng bn, tc - Thit b ngng t nng
vi phun, nc trong b
bt thng.
vi.
2. Qut thp gii nhit
khng lm vic
3. B mt trao i nhit b
bn, b bm du
4. Bnh cha nh, gas
ngp mt phn thit b
ngng t
5. Lt kh khng ngng
6. Do nhit nc,
khng kh gii nhit qu
cao.
7. Din tch thit b ngng
t khng .
- Nc trong thp nng.

- Dng in qut ch 0.
- Nc ra khng nng .
- Thit b ngng t nng
bt thng.
- Gas ngp knh xem gas
bnh cha.
- Phn di thit b ngng
t lnh, trn nng.
- Kim ng h rung mnh.
- p sut ngng t cao bt
thng.
- Nhit nc (khng
kh ) v ra cao.
- Thit b ngng t nng
bt thng.
- Thit b ngng t nng.
- Kim tra qut thp

gii nhit.
- V sinh b mt trao
i nhit.
- Thay bnh cha.
- Tin hnh x kh
khng ngng.
- Kim tra thp gii
nhit.
- Kim tra qut.
- V sinh bnh ngng.

- Thay th bnh ngng
t.
8. Np qu nhiu gas.
- Phn di thit b ngng - X bt gas.
t lnh, trn nng.
9. Nc gii nhit phn b - Nhit trong thit b
- V sinh vi phun.
khng u.
ngng t khng u.
3.3. X l s c p sut y qu thp
Bng 6.4: X l s c p sut y qu thp
Nguyn nhn
Triu chng
Cch x l
1. ng dch hay ng ht b - ng dch c sng
- V sinh v thay th
nghn.
bm.
phin lc.
2. Nn m do m van tit
- Sng bm carte,
- iu chnh li VTL.
lu to.
np my lnh.
3. Thiu hoc mt mi cht - p sut ht thp, van
- Kim tra nguyn
lnh.
tit lu pht ting ku x nhn, khc phc s c
x.
v np b sung gas.
4. Ga x van ht, van y, - p sut ht cao.
- Thay th cc rong.
vng gng ca pittng van
by-pass.
5. My ang hot ng
- p sut ht cao.
gim ti
3.4. X l s c p sut ht qu cao:
Bng 6.5: X l s c p sut ht qu cao

Nguyn nhn
1. Van tit lu m qu to,
Chn van c cng sut ln
qu.
2. Phu ti nhit ln.
3. Ga x van ht, van y,
vng gng ca pittng van
by-pass.
4. My ang hot ng
gim ti
Triu chng
- Sng bm carte do
nn m.
Cch x l
- iu chnh li VTL.
- Thay th VTL.
- Dng in ln.
- p sut y nh, phng
lnh khng lnh.
- Thay th cc rong.
- p sut y nh, phng

lnh khng lnh.
3.5. X l s c p sut ht qu thp:

Bng 6.6: X l s c p sut ht qu thp
Nguyn nhn
Triu chng
Cch x l
1. Thiu mi cht lnh, van - Nhit bung lnh
- Np b sung gas.
tit lu nh hoc m qu
cao hn nhiu so vi
- iu chnh li VTL.
nh.
nhit ht.
- Thay th VTL.
2. Du ng trong dn lnh, - Ngp dch, sng bm
tuyt bm qu dy, bung
ccte.
lnh nhit thp.
- Hi du v my nn.
- X bng dn lnh.
- iu chnh li nhit
kho.
3. ng knh ng trao i
nhit dn lnh, ng ht nh
so vi chiu di nn ma st
ln, b lc ht my nn
bn, tc.
3.6. X l s c c ting l pht ra t my nn

Bng 6.7: X l s c c ting l pht ra t my nn
Nguyn nhn
1. C vt ri vo gia xi
lanh v piston. Van x ht
hng.
2. Vng lt b m kn
hng, bm du hng.
3. Ngp dch.
Triu chng
- m thanh pht ra lin
tc.
- B m kn b qu
nhit.
- Sng bm carte.
Cch x l
- M my nn kim tra
b hng.
- Thay vng lt.
- Thay bm du.
- Ngng my v rt
4. Ngp du.
- m thanh x ln np
my.
dch lng.
- Ngng my v rt
du.
3.7. X l s c carte b qu nhit

Bng 6.8: X l s c carte b qu nhit
Nguyn nhn
Triu chng
Cch x l
1. T s nn cao do Pk cao, - Np my b qu nhit.
- V sinh cc thit b
ph ti nhit ln, ng
trao i nhit.
gas ra b nghn, van x
- X l ch nght.
gy.
2. B gii nhit du hng,
- Nhit du tng.
- Kim tra v thay th
thiu du, bm du hng
cc thit b.
lc du tc.
3. Gii nhit my nn km
- Kim tra li h thng
hoc khng m.
nc gii nhit.
- Kim tra lai qut.
4. Cc c cu c kh (xi
- Np my hoc b m - M my nn kim tra
lanh, piston) hng, try
kn nng.
xc, mi mn. B m
b hng.
kn hng.
3.8. X l s c du tiu th qu nhiu
Bng 6.9: X l s c du tiu th qu nhiu
Nguyn nhn
Triu chng
Cch x l
1. Ngp dch, du si ln
- Sng bm carte.
- X l ngp dch v
nn ht i nhiu.
hi du v my nn.
2. Du chy do nhit
- My , u y v thit
- Kim tra li h thng
cao.
b ngng t nng.
lm mt my nn.
3. H thng tch du v thu
- Thay th h thng
hi du km.
tch v thu hi du.
3.9. X l s c nhit bung lnh khng t yu cu
Bng 6.10: X l s c nhit bung lnh khng t yu cu
Nguyn nhn
Triu chng
Cch x l
1. Cng sut lnh thiu:
- p sut thp p khng
- Thay th cc thit b.
my nn, dn ngng, bay
xung.
hi nh.
2. Cch nhit bung lnh
- p sut thp p khng
- Thay li cch nhit.
khng tt.
xung.
3. Ga x.
- p sut thp p khng
- X l v tr x v np
xung.
thm gas b sung.
4.Gii nhit cao p km

5. Ph ti qu ln
6. Vn hnh pha dn lnh
khng tt :
- Thiu gas , qu nhit
ln.
- Dn lnh nh
- Tuyt dn lnh nhiu, du
ng dn lnh, ng ht
nh.
7. Vn hnh dn ngng
khng tt :Thiu nc, dn
ngng nh, dn b bm
bn, chm nhiu mi cht,
ng x nghn, bm du
dn ngng..
8. Cc c cu c kh bn
trong hng.
- p sut thp p khng

xung.
- p sut thp p khng
xung.
- p sut ht thp
- ng ht khng ng
sng
- D xy ra ngp dch
- Kim tra v sa cha

h thng gii nhit.
- Gim ph ti.
- p sut ngng t cao.
- Kim tra v sa cha

h thng gii nhit.
- Hi du v my nn.
- X bng dn lnh.
- iu chnh li nhit
kho.
- Thay dn lnh.
- Np b sung gas.
- C ting ku bt
- M my nn kim tra
thng, nhit my
cao, tiu th du ln.
b hng.
3.10. X l cc trc trc thng gp my nn
Bng 6.11: X l cc trc trc thng gp my nn
Nguyn nhn
Triu chng
Cch x l
1. My nn v trc trc v
- M t trc trc, t dy, Kim tra v thay th
in.
chy my, khng cch
cc thit b h hng;
in. Cc thit b iu
khin hay an ton hng,
iu chnh sai.
2. Cc s c v cc c cu - C cu chuyn ng
- M my nn kim tra
c kh.
hng, gy, lp sai, dng
vt t km, van h, du
b hng.
bi trn km my khng - Thay li du mi.
chy c, b cc bon
ho do dng ln ln cc
loi du khc nhau.
3. Khu chuyn ng trc
-Dy curoa t, gin
- Cn chnh li cc chi
trc.
nhiu, Puli mt cn bng, tit.
Rnh hoc gc ca puli
khng ng, Trc m t
v my nn khng song
4. My lm vic qu nng.
5. m thanh ku to qu.
6. Chn ng my nn ln.
song.
- p sut cao p cao,
thiu nc gii nhit, o
nc b nghn, ng
ng gii nhit my nh,
b nghn, chy b phn
chuyn ng , thiu du
bi trn.
-T s nn cao, cc vng
lt b mn hay lng, p
sut du nh hay thiu
du bi trn, ngp dch,
hng bn trong c cu
chuyn ng.
- Kim tra v sa cha

h thng gii nhit.
- Kim tra v sa cha

h thng gii nhit.
- Kim tra h thng
bi trn.
- M my nn kim tra
b hng.
- Cn chnh li cc chi
tit.
-Dy curoa t, gin

nhiu, Puli mt cn bng,
Rnh hoc gc ca puli
khng ng, Trc m t
v my nn khng song
song.
7. Du tiu hao nhiu.
-Ho trn vi dch khi
- X l ngp dch.
ngp dch. Vng gng b - M my nn kim tra
mi mn, pttng v s
mi b xc.
b hng.
8. Du bi trn b bn.
-Nc vo carte, do mi - Thay li du mi
mn v do cn bn trn
h thng, do du b xi
ho, do nhit cao du
chy.
9. Du r ra b m kn.
-Lp khng ng, mi
- Lp li b m kn,
mn.
thay vng m.
3.11. X l s c p sut du thp
Bng 6.12: X l s c p sut du thp
Nguyn nhn
Triu chng
Cch x l
1. Ngp dch, du si ln
- Sng bm carte.
- X l ngp dch v
nn ht i nhiu.
hi du v my nn.
2. Du chy do nhit
- My , u y v thit
- Kim tra li h thng
cao.
b ngng t nng.
lm mt my nn.
3. Bm du b hng.
- My nn khng hot
- Thay th bm du.
ng.
4.Lc du b tc.
5. H thng hi du km.
- V sinh b lc du.
- Thay th h thng thu
hi du.
3.12. X l s c ngp dch

* Nguyn nhn ca ngp lng l do :
- Ph ti nhit qu ln qu trnh si dn lnh mnh lit v hi cun lng v
my nn
- Van tit lu m qu ln hoc khng ph hp.
- Khi mi khi ng, do c lng nm sn trn ng ht hoc trong dn lnh.
- Van phao khng ch mc dch dn lnh hng nn dch trn v my nn.
- Mi cht khng bay hi dn lnh c : do bm tuyt nhiu dn lnh,
nhit bung lnh thp, qut dn lnh hng...
1. Ngp lng nh
- ng van tit lu hoc tt cp dch dn lnh v kim tra tnh trng ngp lng,
ng thi kim tra nguyn nhn gy ngp lng. Khi bit c nguyn nhn phi khc
phc ngay.
Trong trng hp nh c th m van x kh tp cho mi cht bc hi ra sau khi
lm nng ccte ln 30oC, sau c th vn hnh tr li.
Trng hp nng hn, sng bt u bm thn cc te, nhit u ht thp
nhng nhit bm du trn 30oC th p dng cch sau :
+ ng van tit lu hoc tt van in t cp dch. Cho my chy tip tc.
+ Khi p sut ht xung thp m t t van chn ht ri quan st tnh trng.
Qua 30 pht d m ht van ht nhng p sut khng tng chng t dch trong
dn lnh bc hi ht.
+ M van in t hoc van tit lu cp dch cho dn lnh h thng hot
ng li v quan st.
2.Ngp lng nng
Khi quan st qua knh xem gas thy dch trong ccte ni thnh tng th l
lc ngp nng. Lp tc cho my ngp lng dng v thc hin cc bin php sau :
a/ Trng hp h thng c nhiu my u chung:
- ng van tit lu hoc tt van in t cp dch.
- ng van x my ngp lng.
- S dng van by-pass gia cc my nn dng my nn khng ngp lng ht
ht mi cht trong my ngp lng.
- Khi p sut xung thp lm nng cc te my ngp lng cho bc ht mi cht
bn trong.
- Quan st qua knh xem du mi cht lnh bn trong ccte.
- Rt b du trong ccte.
- Np du mi c lm nng ln 3540oC.
- Khi hon tt m van x v cho my hot ng li, theo di v kim tra.

b/Trng hp khng c my u chung:
- Tt cp dch, dng my.
- ng van x v van ht.
- Qua l x du x b du v mi cht lnh.
- Np li du cho my lnh.
- M van x.
- Cho my hot ng tr li v t t m van ht.
- Sau khi m hon ton m khng c hin tng g th coi nh x l
xong.
Trong trng hp ny cng c th ht dch trong cacte my nn ngp lng
bng my nn nh khc bn ngoi.
3.13. X l s c phn in
Bng 6.13: X l s c phn in
Nguyn nhn
Triu chng
Cch sa cha
1. Khng c ngun in H thng khng c tn
Kim tra in ngun.
cp vo.
hiu.
2. t cu ch,t dy
H thng khng hot
Thay th cu ch
in.
ng.
3.Tip im khng tip
in qua khi n nt
Lm sch v u ni li
xc tt.
nhng nh ra th b ngt. cc tip im.
4.Chy khi ng t,
H thng khng hot
Thay th cc thit b b
rle nhit, rle trung
ng.
chy
gian, timer, ng h ph
bng.
5. Ni t khng tt
in r ra cc thit b
Ni t li cho h thng.
6. H thng b qu ti
Rle nhit tc ng
Khc phc s c qu ti
7. in p thp hoc b
H thng khng hot
Kim tra in p ngun.
mt pha.
ng.
8.u ngc pha
H thng khng hot
o li pha
ng.
9.Chy in tr x ,
H thng khng x
Kim tra v thay th cc
chy hoc tip im ng c.
thit b.
h ph bng tip xc
khng tt.
Cu hi n tp bi 6
1/ Trnh by phng php kim tra xc nh cc nguyn nhn h hng trong h thng
lnh?
2/ Trnh by nguyn l lm vic ca s nguyn l hnh 6.4?
3/ Trnh by nguyn l lm vic ca s mch iu khin hnh 6.5?
4/ Trnh cch ci t DIXELL XR60C ?
5/ Nu phng php vn hnh h thng lnh c s dng thit b DIXELL?

6/ Nu phng php vn hnh h thng lnh c s dng thit b PLC?
7/ Trnh by nguyn nhn triu chng cch x l s c m t my nn khng
quay?
8/ Trnh by nguyn nhn triu chng cch x l s c p sut y qu cao?
9/ Trnh by nguyn nhn triu chng cch x l s c p sut y qu thp?
10/ Trnh by nguyn nhn triu chng cch x l s c p sut ht qu cao?
11/ Trnh by nguyn nhn triu chng cch x l s c p sut ht qu thp?
12/ Trnh by nguyn nhn triu chng cch x l s c c ting l pht ra t my
nn?
13/ Trnh by nguyn nhn triu chng cch x l s c cacte b qu nhit?
14/ Trnh by nguyn nhn triu chng cch x l s c du tiu th qu nhiu?
15/ Trnh by nguyn nhn triu chng cch x l s c nhit bung lnh
khng t yu cu?
16/ Trnh by nguyn nhn triu chng cch x l cc trc trc thng gp my
nn?
17/ Trnh by nguyn nhn triu chng cch x l s c p sut du thp?
18/ Trnh by nguyn nhn triu chng cch x l s c ngp dch?
19/ Trnh by nguyn nhn triu chng cch x l s c v phn in?
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] Nguyn c Li, Phm Vn Ty.2005. My v thit b lnh. Nh xut bn gio
dc, H Ni.
[2] Nguyn c Li.2002. Hng dn thit k h thng lnh. Nh xut bn khoa hc
k thut, H Ni.
[3] Nguyn c Li, Phm Vn Ty, inh Vn Thun.2002. K thut lnh ng dng.
Nh xut bn gio dc, H ni.
[4] Nguyn c Li, Phm Vn Ty.2005. K thut lnh c s. Nh xut bn gio
dc, H Ni.
[5] Trn Thanh K.1996. My lnh. i hc Quc Gia TP.H Ch Minh.
[6] Nguyn c Li.2004. T ng ha h thng lnh. Nh xut bn gio dc.
[7] Nguyn c Li, V Dim Hng, Nguyn Khc Xng.1998. Vt liu k thut
lnh v k thut nhit. Nh xut bn gio dc, H Ni.
PH LC
PH LC 1: NHT K VN HNH
P ht
P nn
P nht
T nht
T ht
T nn
nht
Mc
Nht
Thm
Nht k vn hnh
Dng in
cm
Mc lng
Cng Rung,n,nhn
sut
vin....
Ghi ch
Ngy gi
PH LC 2: BO TR NH K
No.
1
Tng gi vn hnh Ni dung cng vic

75
1.1 Tho v vt bao lc ng ht,
lau thn lc ,thay lc mi.
1.2 Kim tra ai
300
2.1 Kim tra hoc thay nht. Nu thay nht
th thay lc lun
2.2 Lau chi lc ht
2.3 Kim tra tnh trng ca:
- Cc van solenoid
- kn ga
- H s lm mt my
- H bo v an ton
- Sy nht
- ai truyn
2.4 Sit li ton b cc bch ni.
2.5 Kim tra ng tr nht.
7 500
3.1 Kim tra hoc thay nht.
3.2 Lau chi thn lc ht.
- Cc van solenoid
- kn ga
- H s lm mt my
- H bo v an ton
- Sy nht
- ai truyn
- ai tryun
3.4 Th tc gim p
15 000
22 500
30 000
Sau mi 7500h thm
60 000
4.1 Kim tra hoc thay nht.

4.2 Lau chi thn lc ht.
- Cc van solenoid
- kn ga
- H s lm mt my
- h bo v an ton
- Sy nht
- ai truyn (thay nu cn)
- ng hi nht
- Pistons and rings
- C cu gim ti
- Cc giong
4.4 Thay l van ht v y
4.5 Th tc gim p
5.1 Kim tra ai truyn
5.2 Thay l van ht v y
6.1 Thay nht v ti lc. Dn v sinh cacte.
- Cc van solenoid
- H s lm mt my
- H bo v an ton
- Sy nht
- ai truyn (thay nu cn)
- ng hi nht
- Pistons and rings
- Cylinders
- C cu gim ti
- Cc giong
- Bm nht
- Van mt chiu
6.3 Th tc gim p
Ging nh mc 4
i tu .
PH LC 3A: BNG M CC S C THNG GP

M
Hin tng
li
A My nn khng khi dng
B My nn tt v chy lin tc
C
My c nhng t ngng ngay
My chy lin tc khng ngng
Nghe ting n l trong ting my
My khng pht huy cng sut
Dch lng trn my khi khi ng
Dch lng trn my khi vn hnh
I
J
K
L
p sut ngng cao qu

p sut ngng thp qu
p sut ht cao qu
p sut ht thp qu
p sut nht thp qu
Nhit nn cao qu
O
p
Q
R
Nhit nn thp qu
Nhit nht cao qu
Mc nht trong cacte thp
Nht si bt nhiu trong
Cacte
Cacte tot m hi hay
ng tuyt
Cng sut ln xung tht
Thng
Khng thy lnh cht no
S
T
U
M nguyn nhn d on
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,14
9,10,11,13,21,22,23,24,32,34,35,36,37
40,41,43,44,51,52,54,56,59
3,5,6,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,41,42,
49,50,55,61
8,21,22,24,41,46,52,53,56,60
16,17,18,19,26,48,49,50,51,52,53,54
56,57,58
13.15.17.18.,20,21,22,23,24,32,34,35,36,3
7
40,41,45,46,49,50,51,5253,56,60,
16,18,26,37,38,39,44,56,61
21,23,26,37,39
9,25,28,29,30,31,33
22,32,52,52,54,60,
13,17,26,34,39,52,53,54,60,
11,13,20,21,22,23,32,35,36,37,40,41,42,44
45,56,59
12,15,17,18,26,49,50,55
11,21,22,23,28,29,30,31,33,34,35,36,37,
40,41,46,52,54
26,32,39,
33,34,35,36,37,40,50,54
16,18,20,26,51,57,58,
16,26,39,61
16,18,26,37,39
13,15,16,17,18,49,55,56,
10,43,51,53,54,60
PH LC 3A: BNG M CC NGUYN NHN

M
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
Nguyn nhn d on
Khng c in,c dao chnh khng n
Cu ch chy, u ni b h
in p qu thp
Khng c dng iu khin
Mch bo v motor b ct mt ngun
Mch iu khin b h
Bm/qut gii nhit khng chy
Chp mch bo v motor
H mch bo v p sut cao
H mch bo v p sut thp
chch lch p bn h p qu nh
Rle p sut nht ct
iu khin cng sut t khng ng
Rle thi gian tan bng ngt
t nht qu
Cp cng sut ang cao khi khi ng
p lc nht qu thp
Nht si bt
Nhiu nht qu
Tch- tr nht khng tt
t dch lng
Gas nap thiu
Gas si trong ng dch lng
R gas
Gas np d
Dch lng trn sang ng ht
Nhit vn hnh thp,gas tr nn d
Dn ngng gii nhit km
Nhit nc dn ngng cao
Air trong dn ngng
Cn v sinh dn ngng
Dn ngng gii nhit nhanh qu
Van nc ng
M
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
Nguyn nhn d on
Cn bng ngoi ca van tit lu b tc
Van tit lu b bn tc
Van tit lu b mt gas
u cm bin van tit lu t sai ch
Van tit lu r
Van tit lu chn nhit qu thp
Van tit lu chn nhit qu cao
Lc dch lng b tc
Solenoid ng dch lng b tc
Solenoid r
Dn lnh b ng bng nhiu hay b tc
Air gii nhit b quay vng
Ti ln h thng qu cao/nng
Gas b tch trong dn ngng
Khp ni bi lng
Bm nht c vn
bi c vn
Sc mng hay xilanh mn qu
Van y b hng hay r
Van ht b hng hay r
By-pass my nn m
Lc nht trong my b tt
iu khin cng sut b hng
Van solenoid tr nht hng
Lc ca tr nht hng
Cng sut my nn ln qu
Cng sut my nn nh qu
B sy nht b hng.....

Giáo Trình: Hệ Thống Máy Lạnh Công Nghiệp

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Giáo Trình: Hệ Thống Máy Lạnh Công Nghiệp

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Available Formats

B T LNH B I BIN PHNG

TRNG TRUNG CP NGH S 11

B T LNH B I BIN PHNG

Vnh phc, thng .. nm 2013

MODUL: H THNG MY LNH CNG NGHIP

IV. IU KIN THC HIN CHNG TRNH:

Bi 1: LP T H THNG V THIT B KHO LNH CNG NGHIP

Hnh 1.1: Mt bng nh my thy hi sn

Hnh 1.2: S h thng lnh kho cp ng mi cht R22

Hnh 1.3: S nguyn l t cp ng cp dch bng bm

Cc n bo: My nn ON, X bng, S c chung.

Hnh 1.4: Mch in ng lc

Hnh 1.5: Mch in iu khin

FR3 Rle nhit qut dn ngng

1.4. Chun b trang thit b phc v lp t:

Nn nh; 2- B l xo gim chn; 3- B qu tnh; 4- Cm my lnh

Bnh ngng t ng chm nm ngang c cu to gn nh, tuy nhin khi lp t

Khi lp dn lnh cn phi khong h pha sau dn lnh mt khong t nht

i, cn bng p bn trong v bn ngoi kho, ngi ta gn trn tng cc van

1- Phn t cm bin p sut du; 2- Phn t cm bin p sut ht; 3- C cu iu

chnh lch p sut cc tiu cho php c th iu chnh nh c cu 3. Khi

Hnh 1.8 : R le t hp p sut cao v thp

Hnh 1.9 : Thermostat

Thermostat l mt thit b iu khin dng duy tr nhit ca phng lnh.

ng ng nc gii nhit s dng ng thp trng km, bn ngoi sn mu

quan st 24h nu mc nc khng gim th h thng kn cn nu mc nc gim th

Bng 1.1: Bng p l th kn v th bn ti ni lp t

Hnh 1.10: S np gas dng hi

Theo di lng bng bm trn thn my, kim tra dng in ca my nn v p

Hnh 1.11: S np gas dng lng

4.4. Chy th h thng:

- Nm c cc quy nh, k hiu bn v thi cng;

Hnh 2.1: S b tr mt bng b cy

1.2. c bn v thit k h thng lnh

Hnh 2.2: S nguyn l b cy

ng trao i nhit nh vy nn hn ch c chiu cao ca b nhng vn m bo

Hnh 2.3: Mch in ng lc

Hnh 2.4: Mch in iu khin

- Chun b dng c an ton in nh bt th in, ampe km, ng h vn nng

- Cc bu lng c nh my vo b mng c th c sn trong b tng trc

1- Nn nh; 2- B l xo gim chn; 3- B qu tnh; 4- Cm my lnh

Hnh 2.5: Cch nhit tng b

Hnh 2.6: Cch nhit nn b

3. Lp t cnh khuy: Hn khung c nh cnh khuy, a cnh khuy vo v tr

1- Phn t cm bin p sut du; 2- Phn t cm bin p sut ht; 3- C cu iu

Hnh 2.8 : R le t hp p sut cao v thp

Hnh 2.9 : Thermostat

3.2. Lp t h thng ng ng dn gas:

- Tin hnh kim tra thng mch: dng VOM bt v thang o o in tr

Bng 2.3: Bng p l th kn v th bn ti ni lp t

C 02 phng php np mi cht : Np theo ng ht v np theo ng cp

Hnh 2.10: S np gas dng hi

Trong qu trnh np c th theo di lng mi cht np bng cch t bnh mi cht

Hnh 2.11: S np gas dng lng

- Kim tra cc van trong h thng.

VN HNH H THNG LNH

- Lng nghe ting n ca my, nu c ting g bt thng, km sng bm

Hnh 3.1: S np gas dng hi

Khi np mi cht ch khng c cho lng b ht v my nn gy ra hin

Hnh 3.2: S np gas dng lng

ng dn v my nn. Nu vn thiu du th phi np thm : ng van ht gim p

Trong qu trnh x bng cc qut dn lnh phi dng trnh thi bn nc x

Bi 4: BO TR - BO DNG H THNG LNH - M bi: M 26-04