LAB: 1

Topic of the work:

Introduction of Computer networks and its Classification and other
components.
After Completing this exercise you will be able to:
i)
ii)
iii)

Identify and describe what is the basic difference between Computer

networks and other Data network
Identify and describe the functions of each of the seven layers of the
OSI model
Identify the reasons why the networking industry uses a layered model

A layered networking model is advantageous because it:

i)

ii)
iii)

iv)
v)

Simplifies the networking model by dividing it into

finite number of components, which makes it easier
to comprehend and use.
Enables programmers to specialize in a particular
level or layer of the networking model
Provides design modularity which allows upgrades
to specific layer to remain separate from other
layers
Encourages interoperability by promoting balance
between different networking models
Following figure shows the OSI model,

LAB:2
Topic of work
Introducing the devices to control and extend the reusable size of a
network And simulation tool Cisco Packet Tracer

Switch increases network performance by reducing the number of

frames transmitted to the rest of a network. Discussing about its
advantages and disadvantages
Routers operate at the Network Layer and provide filtering and network
traffic control on LANs and WANS. Discussing about its advantages and
disadvantages
Ethernet is most commonly used LAN technology because it is the
most efficient choice for LANs. Fast Ethernet (100Mbps) and Gigabit
Ethernet (1000Mbps) are faster technology in Ethernet world.

LAB:3
Topic of the work:
Implementing LAN on Cisco Packet Tracer
After Completing this exercise you will be able to:
i)
ii)
iii)

Identify and describe what is LAN and its necessity

How to implement a LAN from a narrower to space to broader one
Introduce with data connection cable like Copper Straight, Copper
Cross, and Serial DCE etc.

Necessary components to implement LAN:

i)

Switch

ii)
iii)

PCs
Data Connection Cable

How to implement:
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
vi)

In Cisco Packet Tracer all icons are working as drag and drop method in
interface area.
Suppose we are going to take four PC and one switch.
As PC and switch are different devices, so we have to connect them
through copper straight cable.
Then configure the PCs by assigning its IP address.
After completing the connection and assigning IP address we have to
check whether the LAN is working or not.
To check connectivity of a LAN we are going to use PING function.

LAB:4
Topic of the work:
Connectivity of LANs with servers (Local DNS, Web Servers)
After Completing this exercise you will be able to:
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)

Identify and describe what is DNS,HTTP and its necessity

How to implement a LAN connected with servers.
Introduce with data connection cable like Copper Straight, Copper
Cross, and Serial DCE etc.
Extensive discussion on DNS & HTTP server which are
frequently used in our real time application area.

Necessary components to implement

i)
ii)
iii)

Pcs
Switches
Servers

LAB:5
Topic of the work
Extension of previous work with DNS server & HTTP server
Following figure shows one of the PC Configuration

Following figure shows DNS server IP Configuration

Following figure shows how to insert a data on DNS server

Now go to PC for its web browser and put the name that you set in DNS

LAB:6
Topic of the work:

Describe subnet through some example

After Completing this exercise you will be able to:
i)

Identify and describe what is subnet and subnet mask? Identify and
describe the functions of each of the seven layers of the OSI model
Through some example you able to develop subnet & IP of hosts

ii)

Problem#1 Suppose a given network address is 172.16.0.0/21. What would be the

subnet mask, sub network addresses and find IP of host.
Network
Subnet Mask = 255.255.248.0
Solution:
Address
172
172
172
172
172
.
..
.
.
172

16
16
16
16
16

.
16

00000
00001
00010
00011
00100
.
..
..
..
11111

000
000
000
000
000

000

00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
.
.
.
.
00000000

Subnet 0
Subnet 1
Subnet 2
Subnet 3
Subnet 4
.

.
..
Subnet 32

172.16.0.0
172.16.8.0
172.16.16.0
172.16.24.0
172.16.32.0
.
.
.
.
172.16.248.0

000

00000000

Subnet 4

172.16.32.0

Let CS dept has 300 Hosts.

172

16

00100

We will now find Host IP address. So we have to concentrate on host bits.

Net Work Bits

172
16
172
16
172
16
172
16
.

172
16
..
.
172
16

00100
00100
00100
00100
.
00100
.
00100

Host Bits
000 00000000
000 00000001
000 00000010
000 00000011

..
000 11111111
. ..
001 00101001

Host Number
Host 0
Host 1
Host 2
Host 3
.
Host 255

Host 297

Host IP
172.16.32.0
172.16.32.1
172.16.32.2
172.16.32.3

172.16.32.255
.
172.16.33.40

Now, Find the network address of 172.16.33.40

172

16

00100001

00101001

IP Address

255

255

11111000

00000000

Subnet Mask

172
172

16
16

00100000
32

00000000
0

After Anding

Problem#2 XYZ is multi-billion company having 24 departments and each

department consisting no more than 750 hosts. Design the IP network based on the
requirements stated above and answer the following:
1) Total number of network bits
2) Total number of host bits
3) Subnet mask of the network
4) Total number of useable subnets
5) Total number of useable host IP in each subnet
Lets say, you are the administrator of subnet # X. Now find the followings of your
assigned subnet.
a) Subnet address of your assigned (Ex: subnet - 17) network.
b) Broadcast address of your assigned network
c) IP address of the 634th host
Solution:
Examining the scenarios, we Class B IP addressing will be used. Now take
5 bits to the network bits from the host bits for creating subnets.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Total number
Total number
Subnet mask
Total number
Total number

of
of
of
of
of

network bits = 16+5 = 21

host bits = 16-5=11
the network=255.255.248.0
useable subnets = 30
useable host IP in each subnet = 2 11 2 = 2048 2 = 2046

a) Subnet address of your assigned (Ex: subnet - 17) network = 172.16.136.0

b) Broadcast address of the assigned network (subnet - 17)
=172.16.10001111.11111111 = 172.16.143.255
c) IP address of the 634th host =172.16.10001010.01111010 = 172.16.138.122

LAB:7
Topic of the work:

Implement a subnet through some example

After Completing this exercise you will be able to:
i)
ii)

How to configure a router and develop two subnet

Communication between host on different subnet.

Router Configuration Code is as follows:

--- System Configuration Dialog --Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: n
Press RETURN to get started!
Router>enable
Router# configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 172.16.16.10 255.255.240.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state

to up

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 172.16.32.10 255.255.240.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state

to up