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    © All Rights Reserved
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    4 views6 pages

    Laser 2

    Uploaded by

    Ali Hosseini
    laser2

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 6
    USOOT487834B2 2) United States Patent (10 Patent No: US 7,487,834 B2 Reed et al. 4s) Date of Patent: Feb. 10, 2009 (54) METHODS OF USING A LASER TO 60) References Cited PERFORATE COMPOSITE STRUCTURES OF STEEL CASING, CEMENT AND ROCKS US. PATENT DOCUMENTS 4113036 4 ¢ 91978 Stout vst Inventors: Claude B. Reed, Bolingbrook, IL (US) aieasq A+ S981. Salldury cca vit we Xu, Naperville, IL (US) SoW.864 B2* 11/2003 De Steuret al. 2I9/2LTL (73) Assignee: UCheago Argonne, LLC, Chicago,IL ancaiabcssis Ae amet) Secs esi a a 2 20060102845 AL* 2006. Skinner tl 166250. (ws) (©) Notice: Subject o any dtclaimer, the tem ofthis patent is extended or adjusted under 38 cited by examiner cee ee Primary Esaminer-Jenitee Gay ei) nets tinea Assistant ExaminerRobetE Fuller yan 7 (G4) Attorney: Agen, or Firm-Soan Pennington (22) Fed: Apr 14 2006 on ABSTRACT ws) Prior Publication Data US 200610231257 A Oet. 19, 2006 Apparatus and methods of wing lasers are provided forthe perforation of land gas well casings ancl rock Formations. A Related US. Application Data rock removal process called laser spallation is provided that (60) Provisional application No, 60/672,761, filed on Ape. _wilizes a combination of laser-induced thermal stress and 19, 2008. laser induced superheated steam explosions just below the surface ofthe laserfvek interaction to spall or fracture the Gl) mee. rock into small fragments that ean then be easly removed E218 2900 (2006.01) from the rick fomation, The use of high power laser beams US.C 166/297; 166/302; 175/15; oF kilowatt level is provided to rapidly eut the steel casings 319/121.71 aod perforate into the fomnation. Teclnigues ofthe invention cores nee Tloaido7,inerease permeability and reduce hole tapering while perfo- ‘a deep hole in reservoir ck formations, 166/298, 302, 60; 175/11, 15, 16: 21911217, 219/121 71, 121.73, 121,75, 121.84 121.6 ‘See aplication file for complete search history. 12.Claims, 2 Drawing Sheets Se SSS 114 U.S. Patent Feb. 10, 2009 Sheet 1 of 2 US 7,487,834 B2 U.S. Patent Feb. 10, 2009 Sheet 2 of 2 US 7,487,834 B2 ROCK FIG. 2 US 7,487,834 B2 1 METHODS OF USING A LASER TO PERFORATE COMPOSITE STRUCTURES OF ‘STEEL CASING, CEMENT AND ROCKS This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 604572,761, filed on Apr: 19,2005. CONTRACTUAL ORIGIN OF THE INVENTION The United States Government has rights in this invention pursuant to Contract No. W-S1-109-ENG-38 between the United States Goverument snd Argonne National Laboratory. FIELD OF THE INVENTION ‘The present invention relates to improved methods and ‘apparatts forthe perforation oF ol and gas well casings and reservoir rock formations. More specifically this invention relates the use of lasers for cutting holes in il and gas well ‘casings, then drilling holes vis laser spallation into reservoi Fock formations forthe perforation of rocks while ineeasing ormation permeability DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART A conventional method for perforating pas and oll wells is the use of explosive devices that are lowered into the well on ‘an cletrical wie line to the required depth and fre elect cally to perforate the easing, surmunding cement, and reser- vir rock. The easing isin place t0 prevent the hole from collapsing, but italso prevents the ol or gas from entering the ‘well hore. Therefore holes are made through the easing and ‘cement lining and into the reservoir eck formation. A sige nificant problem with conventioasl explosive charge perfor tion is that it oflen produces Formation damage or permeabil- reduction while perforating the reservoir mek, This can substantially deerease the oil or gas production rate of the ‘well, There are also very significant worker safety issues sssociated with explosive charge perforation Laserirock interaction test data with a kilowatt evel pulsed NA:YAG laser show significant permeability increases up t0 500% in laser perforated Berea Grey sandstone. Tests have shown that, in certain types of limestone formations, lasing the area may increase permeability anywhere from 20 0 170%, depending on the type of formation. This is signi ‘cant advantage over the eunent explosive change technique that usually produces formation damage or permeability reduction while perforating the rock. Rock perforation by laser beams also provides ureat flexibility in controlling the sizes and shapes of perforated holes that best sit the produce tion formation, ‘The perforation operation is conducted in the production ‘zone that is normally thousands of fet doep in the well. This rexjires the laser beam to be delivered over long distances without great loss of ts quality and power. So far fiber optic beam delivery isthe only technology that has the potential and flexibility to deliver the high power beam over long

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