DOCUMENT RESUME =D 402 757 FL 024 309 TITLE Kazakh Language Course for Peace Corps Volunteers in Kazakhstan. INSTITUTION Peace Corps, Almaty (Kazakhstan). PUB DATE May 95 NOTE 17ip. PUB TYPE. Guides - Classroom Use ~ Instructional Materials (For Learner) (051) LANGUAGE English; Kazakh EDRS PRICE MFO1/PCO7 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Acculturation; Alphabets: Competency Based Education; Contrastive Linguistics: Conversational Language Courses; *Daily Living Skills: Dialogs (Language); Food; Foreign Countries; Grammar; Health Services; “Interpersonal Communication; Language Patterns; Morphology (Languages); Phonology; Pronuaciation Instruction; Second Language Instruction; *Seconé Language Learning: Telephone Usage Instruction; Transportation; Unconmonly Taught Languages; Vocabulary Development; Voluntary Agencies; *Volunteer Training; Weather IDENTIFIERS "Kazakh; "Kazakhstan; Peace Corps; Shopping ABSTRACT . This guide is designed for Kazakh language training Peace Corps workers in Kazakhstan, and reflects daily communication needs in that context. It consists of an introductory chapter and a series of 10 Lhemebased competency-based Language lessons. The introduction contains background information on the language, its alphabet, the Kazakh people, Kazakh phonology and suorphology, some basic differences between Kazakh and English, and huts on terns of addreas. Each lesson lists the targeted language competencies, targeted grammatical structures, brief dialogues, vocabulary list, cultural notes, and a number of exercises in sente ce completion, pattern drill, and translation. Lesson Topics includer grectinge and introductionss family: food: chopping: clothings invitations and social functions; getting and giving directions; using postal services; weather; and discussing work. (MSE) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made From the original document.Kazakh Language Course for Peace Corps Volunteers in Kazakhstan g ———~ ge "Oley US Peace Corps in Kazakhstan Almaty May 1995 lL 024309 & _pest copy AVAILABLECompiled by: Bayan Alpysbaeva Bayan Ismagulova Uphilmalik Turguzhanova Supervised by: _ Aiguie Zhakupovaf i i i i i t f i i i i i i 5 i 0 i i PREFACE This book is intended to be used in the Kazakh language short-term training program. It was designed and written by a group of highly ‘exporionood instructors who took part in te the Kazakh language to Peace Corps Volunteers in 1993 and 1994, The competency - based education approach and principles of intensive learning form the basis of the curriculum. ‘A competency - based approach focuses on the specific tasks that learners will need to accomplish through language, this approach focuses not only on language, but also on the cultural context and purpose of the communication. The material of the book will help volunteers communicate in every day life in the Kazakh language. The book consists of three parts. The first part has a brief introduction to the Kazakh language. The second part has topics that cover basic living situations. It also includes exercises on phonetics, grammar and vocabulary which will facilitate the acquisition of basic language skills. The third part contains the Kazakh grammar for the students interested in grammatical rules. ‘The authors would appreciate suggestions and additions that might benefit and improve the book. The authors would like to thank Ramziya Kantayeva for her contribution in typing and printing. They also acknowledge the assistance of the US Peace Corps staff in Kazakhstan, especially Mr. Terry Armstrong, Director of Training, and volunteers Erik Giles and Michelle Ostrander in editing the book.KASAK, EIHIH POMISAIEPI BEST COPY AVAILABLEKasaxetTaH Pecny6nukacbiHbly, Memnexettik SH¥paHb! casi xaarannap: Mysabap @nimGaes, Kaabip Mbipsanues, TymaH6ai Mongaranves, >Kappipa Aepi6aesa >Kapanra HaMbicTaH KahapMaH xanbikneis, Asatrpik XONbIHZA XKasIbIHAAN %*KAHbINNEIS. Tarabipain TesideH, TOSakTBIH osineH Amau-cay Kanbinnbia, aMaH-Cay Kanbinnls. KaiibIpmacpl: Epkinajk KbipaHti, wapbikTa, Engikke waktipsin tipaixre! AnbinTeik KYaTbI =~ XANbIKTA, XanbikTeik KyaTel -- Gipnikte! Appakran avacuin, KYpmeTten gaHactil, Baybipra SackaH6bis BapWaHbiK GantactiH, TaTymbik, AOCTEIKTEIH KMeni Beciri ~~ MeiiipGan Yau Grav Kaaaxrit ganacsl! KaiibIpMacel: Epxingik KbipaHe!, WapbikTa, Engikke waksippin tipnixre! Anbintbih KyaTbl -~ XanbiKTa, XanbikTeih KyaTes -- Gipnixte! Tanaige etkepaik, 6TKeHre canayaT, Kenewex raxkalivin, Kenewiek Fanamat! ‘Ap-oxgaH, aXa Tin, eHere-canTEIMI3, Epnix Te, engix Te Ypnakka amaxat! KalbIpMaCbI: Epkinaik KbIpaHbl, WapbIKTa, Ennikke waktipsin Tipnikre! Anbinitei KyaTbl -> XanbikTa, XanbikTeih KyaTbl -- Gipnixte! 6A Brief Introduction to the Kazakh Language The Kazakh language belongs to the family of Turkic fanguages Together with the Mongolian and Manchu - Tungus languages they form a distinctive language group known as the Altaic languages. Some scholars add Japanese and Korean to this language group. The Turkic languages are divided into Southem, Western, Eastern, Central, and Northern sub-groups. To the Southern sub-group belong Turkish, Turkmen and Azeri. Uzbek and Uighur constitute the major languages of the Eastern sub-group. The Western sub-group is comprised of Tatar, Bashkir, Kardim, Kumuk, and Karachay. The Northern sub-group includes Yakut and Altay. Kazakh, together with Kirohiz, Karakalpak, and Nogay, formes the Central sub-group. The Kazakh Alphabet and Approximate Rules of Pronunciation The Kazakh alphabet contains 42 letters. Until 1929 the Kazakh used the Arabic script, and from 1929 till 1940 a Latin alphabet was used. In 1940 the Kazakhs, like all other Turkic peoples living in the former Soviet Union, were regired to adopt the COyrilic script which is still in use today. For the presentation of sounds non-existing in Russian, Kazakh introduced special letter signs such as / for the palatal i, for u,efor o, ¥ for a short u,@ for a and Fk, x for consonsnts special to Kazakh, The Alphabet, Script, Approximate Rules of Pronunciation Letter Script Pronunciation Aalal fa like a in English “but” aa al 22 like a in English "apple" 56 [b] BE like > in English “best” Be Ml Be like v in English “vase” Tr [ol Tz like g in English “gate” fe gH | FF ilike @ in English “garden”, but pronounced more backwords. This sound is difficult to approximate The student is advised to listen carefully to a native speaker's pronunciation Note: F appears only in words 6containing back vowels I Aa {d) Dg like d in English “door” Ee [e] ES like e in English “end” E8 [yo] éé like jo in English "younger" ! x fi] 2c we like jin English “journal” 3s [z) 3x like s in English "is" and "was" Min tify) Le represents the si(i] vowels or if] : followed by dty] I a vl ha like y in English "yes" Kx [kK] Rr like ¢ in English “care” 1 KK [al ay x@ ¢ in English “clock”, but pronounced further back An {i At like 1 in English “old” Mu Im] Me like m in English “mother” l He [n] Hn like n in England “no” Hx In] AY like the combination of ng in English hunger I 0 [o] Oo like 0 in English or, hut pronounced shorter Ge [o] Ge ike in German ! Nn [p} Tr like p in English "past Pp fi] B pe like Fin English “arrow” Ce fc} Ge like s in English "summer" i Tr ft} Mire like t in English “top” yy [ul Ye like 00 in English "pool" YW ful ey like English snort “u" i Yy [ul Lye like u in German “uber” oo If] fo like f in English "father", occurs Xx th] FE only in foreian words i hth] ht like fh in English “hat” Un ts} uw like ts in English “its” occurs only in Russian loan words 1 My [8] de pronounced like ch in English “chuch” ww [) Uwe like sh in English "ship" Utuy [5%] Una like sh ch, occurs only in Russian I loan words bit fi) bfoe velar, like in English a (indefinite article) if Jé front i like the i in English “bit” ! 39 fe] a? like e in English ecology, occurs only in initial position of Russian words 1 1010 [yu] tro like yu in English “you” Bs [yal ta like ya in English "yarn" I 8 . i ; 1THE KAZAKHS: In the early seventeenth century Russians first penetrated into the Kazakh steppes. It took nearly two hundred years to complete their conquest, since the Russians were opposed at every step of their advance by their brave agin (oral poets). After the congest, there were numerous uprisings. One major revolt against Russian rule took place in’ 1816, when the Kazakh were joined by the Kirghiz, Uzbeks and all other Turkic peoples of Russian-occupied Central Asia. Each uprising was met with mass killings and deportations. The Soviet regime, established in 1917, not only continued the colonial policies of the Russian Empire but employed even more brutal methods, depriving the Kazakh nomads of their culture and language. Until 1929, most Kazakhs remained nomadic, although their seasonal movements had been restricted due to land seizures benefitting Russian settlers. Then, in 1930, Stalin enforced his policy of collectivization throuhout the Soviet Union. For the Kazaiche thie policy meant first sedentarization and then collectivization, The harsh measures taken to separate the Kazakhs from their horses and sheep and to move them into re-education camps, resulted in near-genocide. Within two years the Kazakhs lost over half of their population, tneir numbers reduced from four million to less than two million. After the great famine of 1932, only small groups of Kazakhs managed to cross with their herds into Xinjiang, where they continued their way of life, ‘The persecution continued. Between 1937 66,000 Kazakh intellectuals, poets and writers were put to death on Stalin's orders. Again, during World War tl and the years thereafter, Kazakhs perished in large numbers, nat only on the battlefields, but also in prison camps and at home from starvation, The suffering of the Kazakh people was mathed by equally harsh attacks on the environment. The Soviet's systematic exploitation of the natural resources of Kazakhstan led to a depietion of tau and water resources. Large regions of Kazakhstan, such as the Aral Sea region, have become environmental disaster areas. Without regard for the life or health of the population, several regions in Kazakhstan (Semipalatinsk, Sariarqa) were tured into nuclear testing grounds, Despite this history of nearly 300 years of continuous deprivation and suffering, the Kazakhs have not cuccumbed to adversity. On the contrary. they have stood up again and again. On December 16, 1986 Kazakh students demonstrated and openly challenged Moscow's appointment of a Russian to the position of Kazakhstan's First Secretary of the Communist Party. Although the demonstration was brutally crusted, it nevertheless signalled the beginning of similar expressions of national assertiveness in all the republics of the former Soviet Union, leading to its final break-up, In the face of severe adversity, the Kazakhs also preserved their most precious cultural trait: the love of poetry, songs and music. There is hardlya Kazakh, man or woman, who does not love to sing and play the dombira (a two-stringed lute). Despite all hardships they did not lose their fondness for music. If two Kazakhs meat, they sing and challenge each other on the dombira. The ancient tracition of inprovising poetry, sung to improvised melodies, is still practiced in poetry-singing contests called aytis. These contests ‘are now being revived, with contests for accomplished poets (agin), as well as for young children. Another notable characteristic of the Kazakhs is their decorum in greetings and terms af address. They have a saying, ‘in a man's greetings lies his character”. Therefore, anyone who wants to know the Kazakhs well needs to become acquainted with their system of greetings and terms of address. tu mao eee eee ees eeLetters that Might Be Mistaken for English Ones ‘There are certain letters in the Kazakh alphabet which can easily be confused with English letters, because of a similar shape. Remember: Kazakh English B- M Bb - [b] Fe - [gh] Ft Mw - uu - fu) Ha = In] Hh - {h) Pp - fr) Pp - {p) Ce - fs} Co - can be [k] w- bl Yy - fai] i] x fh) X= [ks] Kazakh Vowels Kazakh ts nine vowels: a, 2, €, i, bt, 0, & ¥, ¥: ‘The sounds # and y are called diphthongoids by some linguists. The sound y ieconeidered a semi-consonant hy others. AS such it can appear between vowels, as in “ays” mouth. Kazakh vowels are generally pronounced short. Vowels followed by the consonant # are pronounced long. e.0. va [ull The vowels are divided into back (hard) vowels: a, 9, ¥, bt front (soft) vowels: ...9 8, ¥, i, &. It is impotant to remember this classification as the law ‘of vowel harmony is based o Consonants 25 of the 42 letters of the alphabet are consonants. ‘They are divided into 3 groups: voleeless: KK, 1, 6, T) XM, , Ws Ut voiced: 1, 6,3, 8 sonorants: 2, M, H, B, i, ¥ ‘Some consonants came into Kazakh from the Russion language: 8d, MY, Wh idThe consonant x usually occurs in words borrowed from the Arabic, Russian and other languages. Very often x is replaced by the Kazakh k, @.9: Oul-Kow., xan-KaMl, DAXMeT-DaKMeT Vowel Harmony The Law of Vowel Harmony (syngarmonism) is characteristic of all Turkic languages. According to the Law the first vowel of a word determines the character of the remaining vowels. If the first vowel is back, the remaining vowels are back too, as in Gana (child), artim (English), kaiitanay (repeat), 2xymeic (work). All the syllables in these words are hard. if the first vowel is front, the remaining vowels are front, as in exe (father), Trciny (understand). It follows that Kazakh words will either contain back or front vowels. If a word has both back and front vowels, like mvranie (teacher), xitan (book), paxmer (thanks), it is of foreign origin. Consonant Assimilation Assimilation consists of one sound being either totally or partially made simitar to another. The main types of change are the following. 1. When suffixes with the initial consonants 1-, 6-, M-, H-, 2 ~ are added to stems with a final consonant, the initial consonant of the suffix is assimilated to the stem final consonant. For example, after voiceless consonants ( -n, -T, -C, -*, plural suffix + nap/ + nop changes to + Tap /* rep. -k) the arénap “horses” > arrap Kiranrap+nap “books” > xirantap after voiced consonants { -3, =, -A, -M, olural suffix is changed to + 2ap/ + aep: 4) the -xeurtnap “years” > xuinaap swarnap “girls” > kaaap ilar rules of consonant assimilation exist for all other suffixes with the above mentioned initial consonants. These rules will be given in the "Grammar Explanation” chapters. 2, There is a general voicing of K/k to r/F Tapak "comb" Taparum wisi "go out” wbiFy ‘The consonant - 1 voices to 6 between vowelskiran "book" kira6wim “my book” xen ‘many, all” - Ke6imig "most of us” Major Characteristics of Kazakh Agglutination Kazakh, like all other Turkic languages ie an agglutinative language. A characteristic feature of these languages is the large number of so-called “stickers” - suffixes which are added to the unchangeable root of the word. Suffixes can go on being piled on a word one after anotner, each of the suffixes having its definite meaning. Example: Ganatnap+umels+ Fa - Gananapemeisra * to our children” axetneptimistre - axenepimisre "to our Fathers” Agglutination occurs also in the inflectional Indo-European languages. But in contrast to the Turkic languages, the suffixes added are poly-functional. For example, the ending - s in English denotes 3 functions: 1) plural, as in guides; 2) genitive, as in guide's, 3) 3-d person singular in the verb, as guides, The Turkic principle of agglutination is strikingly regular and consistent. For example, only one plural suffix (+ nap/ + nep ) exists to be added to nouns, pronouns or verbs ( in tense or mood formations, as yienep - "houses", Oipey+nep “somebody, some people”, xasbntaap “you all write” (+ nap _ is changed to + ap ) Suffixes are usually arranged in a strictly prescribed order and are eubject to regular phonetic changes, ie. vowel harmony and consonant assimilation. As soon as the students have learned a number of root-words and suffixes, they will be able to form new words. Without the help of a dictionary they will also be able to analyse and understand words and word formations. For example, in tne Kazakh word xyMbicceaabik the students will recognize + ux asa suffix forming abstract nouns comparable to English - ness [-hood or -dom, as in “childiessness”, “childhood”, “freedom”. The preceeding suftix + cua stands for “without”, xxvMeic + the root or base word means “work” therefore xxvMbiccbianbik is to be understood as “state of being without work”, ie. “unemployment” Suffixes in Kazakh, like in all other Turkic languages, consist either of a closed syllable (see examples given above) or an open syllable, as the endings for the locative case (*9@/ tae, + Ta/ Te) and the dative case (+ ra/+re). Suffixes formed by one vowel or consonant are rare. On account of the phonetic rules of vowel harmony and assimilation, each 2 4 ww‘Accordingly all suffixes in Kazakh can be divided it a) suffixes containing the vowel a or e, as e.g. the negative suffix in verbs -ma/-me (: -na/-ne, -6a/6e): ar “take”, an-ma (dont+take); ep “give, Gep-me (dont+give). Sequence of Sutfixe: ‘A Kazakh word may have several suffixes ,each with its own meaning, the order of these is quite fixed. The first suffix to be added is the plural, as Ganatnap “children”, iHi-nep “younger brothers”. The next suffixes are personal endings, as Gana+m “my child”, init “my younger brother”. If both are employed then Ganatnaptem, ininepim is the result. Case endings are in the third rank and come after plural and possession, thus: Ganatnaptemtnan Ganapbimnan “trom my children” initneptianwen ixinepimnen “trom my jounger brothers” Oposition Between Verbs and Nouns Kazakh like ell Turkic languages, observe a strict separation between verbal iand nominal stems or base words, Le. all words are classified into two opposite groups, verbs and nouns. The opposition between these two word categories can best be characteriged by mathematical signs, verbal stems (Kem - “to come") are designated by ‘a minus sign and nominal stems by a plus sign (xyeict “work"). In order to maintain the rigid division between nouns and verbs Kazakh has two sets of suffixes: a) suffixes which can only be attached to verbal stems (deverbal suffixes); b) suffuxes which can only be added to verbal stems (denominal suffuxes). The deverbal suffixes are divided into: a) deverbal verb suffixes: -bin/-in denoting the passive mood of the verb: Gac - “to press", Gactuu - “to be pressed”; ) deverbal noun sutfixes: -ma+/-me+(=na+/+ne): Gac- “to press", but Gac-ma + > Oac-na + ‘pressure; printing; press. lary, the denominal suffixes are separated into: a) denominal noun suffixes, as e.g., + wa+/+wit denoting a person who does something habitually or prottessionally with the thing or object expressed in the preceding noun erik “boots*, erix+wi “one who makes boots or shocs, shoemaker"; xvMbic "work", xvMBCtutbL “vorker". b) denominal verb suffixes, as e.g. +na-/+ne (also:(+7a-/+Te) , 8 iexpressing the idea of doing (making) something with the preceding noun: ic + *work*, ictre “to make" (literally: to make work). ‘As the above examples illustrate, in Kazakh, unlike English which can form verbs (*a find*) and verbs from nouns ("to face” without morphologocal changes, the firmly fixed boundary between verhs and nouns can be crossed by means. of appropriate suffixes. STRESS Kazakh employs different stress rules for noun and verb formations. In noun formations [i.e., stem (+plural ending) + (possessive ending) + case ‘ending] the last syllable (= suffix or ending) is stressed: Tay* ("mountain") + map "mountains Taytmaptra “to the mountains" ‘As a general rule, in verb formations (e., mood and tense) the stress falls on the syllable before the persons! ending which is unstressed: xen+renmin * {have come” If the verb formation contains the negative suffix -ma/-me; -63/-Ge; -na/-ne the stress generally moves to the syllable preceding the negative suffix: kentmesrenmint “Ihave not come” kentme * don't come” xentmenis “please don't come”. MAIN DIFFERENCES BETWEEN KAZAKH AND ENGLISH 1, Kazakh has no gender. 2. Kazakh has neither a definite nor indefinite article. 3. English modal verbs "can, could, may, might, shall, should, must" do not ‘exist in Kazakh. Each of these words roguires a rephrasing in Kazakh. For example "| must go" is rendered as "My going is necessary": Gap-y+um KepeK 44, Kazakh has no verb “to have, to not have" Instead it uses the phrase: my s0-and - so cxiste (does not exist): xira6tum ap (xx0K) 9. Instead of prepositions Kazakh uses postpositions. English “after scholl” is rendered as exrenten Keitin 6. Kazakh has no dependent (subordinated) clauses. Neither does it have subordinating conjunctions. An English dependent clause “when he came” is rendered as “at hic coming” xen-rensinsge or xen-rentae English relative clauses correspond in Kazalh to attributive phrases: xxa3-FaH agam... “the man who wrote..." (lit: the having written man). 7. Kazakn has two forms of the second person. familiar cen and polite ciz. This is expressed in the noun and verb personal endings, as GanaH - Gana-Hs your son xagabiqnap - xa9nblHusnAp you wrote xen > Keninia come 8. When a noun is used with numerals or the words xen “many” the noun takes no plural endings, as in on crymext ten students xen Kiran many books 9. A double negative is used in Kazakh when expressing negation. A sentence may have negative words ew7ene “nothing” ewkia “nobody”, oF ewkanaait “never” and the negative sutfix -ma/-me or the negativee word 2xOK Ewin kenmeai Nobody came ( lit.: Nobody not came) Benmene ewkisa xoK. Nobody is in the room 10, in Kazakh the predicate is always at the end of a sentence. Men xian oKyptt like reading a book yHaTamellt (lit book reading like). 1s 16 -— wm we ee oe eee a eeTerms of Address among the Kazakhs Kazkhs, lke oiler Turkic peoples of Central Asia, address each other with kinship terms which differentiate between younger and older persons. ‘These terms of address are used both alone and in addition to a first name or title. For exampie, when a young Kazakh offers his seat on the bus to an older man, ha says, Arai ,oTnipuiina! “Respected elder (lit: respected older brother), please sit down!” An older woman will be addressed by a younger person with anaf “respected lady (lit: respected older sister)” The same terms are used to address a male teacher (arai) and femate teacher (anaii). Addressing younger people Kazakhs use the following kinship terms: iin of Gayman my younger brohter", Kapsinas. cume *my younger sister” (by a man; cit. “my younger sister* (by a woman). If the person being addressed is the same age as the speaker, the terms used are KypGsim. Kypaachi, samangacun “my co-equal” Kazakhs use the above terms primaliry when other Kazakhs or other Turkic peoples. Foreigners who speak Kazakh and demonstrate an understanding of the Kazakh culture will also be addressed with kinship terms, i.e. they will be accepted into the Kazakh family. Kazakh elders, who are demonstratively fond of children, will address the young with Ganan “my son, my Child” Keshia “my caughter"They will use elaborate terms of endearment, such as wsiparbim “my light", kankam “my shield”, Sora “my little camel", Kostim my little lamb” or KyAbiNeine “my little foal”. The most touching term of endearment which Kazakh elders use with children is afmaaiiun “my dearest, my precious onc” (lit | will turn around you in an act of sacrifice, i.e., | will sacrifice myself for you).TOPIC 1 AMAHJACY, TAHBICY, KOLUTACY GREETINGS, ACQUAINTANCE, LEAVING Competencies:: 1. To exchange greetings 2. To introduce yourself and others 3. To depart and say goodbyes Grammar: Personal Pronouns (Singular- 1st, 2nd) in Genitive Case interrogative Pronouns Personal endings (Singular- 1st Person) Cardinal Numers 1-10 It is required to know how the Kazakhs greet one another because in many Kazakh communities you will be measured by your grectings. The young should always speak first. The men always shake hands. The women usually don't shake hands ‘when greeting and being greeted. For Kazakhs, life is changing 80 that these days it is acceptable for some women to shake hands (it a woman doesn't shake your hand, don't worry she is trying to maintain Kazakh traditions). Among the young a short greeting is widely used "Cenem!” “Hil”,"Hello!”. DIALOGUES A - Canamatepis 6a? ~ Canamarcws fal a, 2 ene ~ Kaxcbi. Paxmer! Cis we? = Kakeu. Paxmet! + Cay Gonentis! - Cay Gonbititss! + Awanous 627! - Amanceis 6a! + Mexin artim Bar. > Gigi areas Kina? + Meni aTbim Alexie. - Kammineis Kanai? + Kakcul. Paxmer! Cis we? = Kaman emec. PaxMer. ~ Cay Gonbintia! + Cay Gonbintia! wid- Accanaymaraneiixya! - Ya-Anelikym accanam” + Cigain areineis in? + Meni aria Pow. + Ore xakonl. Cis Kaiinanceis? + Men Amepukananmenm, Cis we? - Xow kenninia! Mew Kasacrannanmem, Kansiiers Kanal? = Paxmer! Kaxcol! cis we? - Kynatiea wivkip. Cay Gonuineia! ~ Cay Conse. D + Asena, cone! - Canen, Laypen! + OMbin att xim? + Onin arei Naren, Common Phrases and Words: Amancoa 6a? Canamarcuis Ga!? greetings (widely used both old young) How do you! Hello! Are you well? >KaKoet Fine, welt Paxmer! thanks, thanks Cay Bonnnnsa! Good bye! bye-bye! Kow Bye-bye! Kow., cay Gon! Good bye! Fare well! Kout, cay Gonbitss! (Polite form) Kou! kenainisnep! Welcome! Ar + Name Arba - my Name Men - | Meni - |, My Cis - You (Polite form) Cisaik - You,your On - he/she One - his/her Kaiinan? where. fram Katinalonis? + (Polite form 2nd Person} Kan kana? - How are You? ~—Kauitists Kanai? - (Polite form) Cex we? = And You? Cis we? - And You? (Polite) Kaman emec - Not bad Kyaavira wrxip - I'm fine (literaly: Thank you God) Note: Omit Kyaatira to sound | formal (literally to not use God's name} 19Accanaymaranefixym! - traditional greeting among the Muslim (men) it means: (Literally: | wish you peace!) Ya-anevixym accanam! - the answer to this traditional Muslim greeting. Muna, meiway = This Bra Interrogative Pronouns Kim? Ki? Interrogative Kim? refers to human beings and their occupation. He? — Usually refers to things, animals, birds, and plants ete The Kazakh language used the cyrylic alaphabet but, because some sound cannot be made with the regualar 33 cyrylic characters there are 9 additional letters. — Exercise 1. Read these letters and compare them Oo -e6 Ke- Kx bh i Hw + HH Yy - Yy -¥y Xx- on 2 «2hExercise 2, Read the following words Aa Ava, apa, ara, anma apin, axe, aantep, Kepi, xepnem, ene, ana, carat, AcaH Cayne, anemi, anic, maxinic, Gapi, epnne Qo Ca Or, opra, Kon, OpbiH oceiM, on, xKoCNap pik, egim, Kes, ces, Tep, TepT, Kepy, Ken ere, Genex, Mennip, Orerex, Omipsak bi, wt lea blapic, xin, MbIK, ayBIs 1s, ini, tpi, Kipy, ei, Gini, ceria, haypois, xinbi, KbIC, TaHbICy e3repic, Tic, cia, Gia, Kin, Kinem, ip vy aa YY Ty. cy, Gy, Tary, Ym Ye. TYpy, Yim YA, YAKEN, YH, 279, SIM, Gapy,xyuny, WY KYO, HYMBIC, AYE KS, HEBYs HHH, FrGiMy te FF Fyn, Taynap, Fyacim ara, carat, TOFbIS, MaFaH, FaCbIp, FapbiLuKep KK KK Kipy, Keny, xexrem xviey, kuin, KelineX Kana, Kanam, Kbi3, KaWaH, KACKbIP, KanbIK, KYTTBIKTAAMBIH, KBIDBIK; KBISBIK, KbICKE How HH Haw, He, Hewe, HeWiMuli, xaWa, TaH, TaHepTeH, MAHLISAL, OHbIK, vegix, merisri, Hypnak MeHiK, HAM, OH, ENeH; aH Xx b Xar, xanwik, xa6ap. Taynap, xmas Exercise 3, Read the following words and write them in alphabetical order Apa (bee), ana (older sister), ava (mother), cana ° (quality), Gana (child son) kana (town, city), cape (yellow), aapi (medicine), rapax (hair brush, comb), rvn (lower), Kewe (street), yaxeir (time), ayois (mouth), Kaaioni (dear, respectable), xvfey (husband), esrepic (change); vsinic (break), 21 © rs | <_< — ow me om os me eo oe ooxyenny (wash), KyaHy( to be glad), ymury (to forget), Tanbicy (to meet), orGace: (family), apne (of corse), mvaxin (probably), Gipak (but), GonaeikraH (that's why), ceGen (reason), naTep (apartment), nepae (curtain), caycax (finger), moiium (neck), Twie (camel), rime (button) Exercise 4 Read the following words and divide them into 2 groups, place the words with the soft vowels to the right, and with the hard vowels to the left Model: 1 u >asyuse! mexren xasyus (writer), mexren (school), avicex6i (Monday), oKynbiK (textbook), ordace! (family), xesaecy (to meet), Genme (room), Tame (button), Rapoimaec (sister), Ganeix (fish), TayhK (chicken). okvwiy (student), Ky ttoenter), orepy (to sit), xypy (to go), Kawan (when), TaHy + (to recognize), Taticy (to get acquainted) Exercise 5 Read the fulluwing words and divide them into 3 groups 1) voiceless consonants 2) voiced consonants 3} sonorants cos (word), Kew (evening), 6rriv (today), Kapsmaac (sister), mbicerk (cat) ron (lake), kere (winter), a9 (summer), x3 (autumn), KexTem (spring), prove (hot), Mase (May), mayceim (June), Kenip (bridge). A (house) Capaii (palace), waw (hair), aiir (tell) , Ger (page, face), Nos (eye), enen (song): 23Grammar Personal Pronouns Singular Plural Ist Men Bis 2nd Cen Cennep Cis Cisaep 3rd On Onap Exercise 6, Read aloud and translate Mounay xine? Motway - Mew. Menin arom Avia, Motway - cen? Cenix aren Cepix, Cisy vay vsiey QD . Personal endin Momay - cis. arbi Bas. Mvinay He? The Predicate in Kazakh will be any wort! to which you add a personal ‘ending (Singular |st,2nd) and it's placed at the end of the sentence e.g: 23 24 —_ — oo a oo on on ot eo oo on oe oe oe“TT nn En ee ne ee Ke Singular Ist Men oxywiortnabin 2nd Cen oKyweltceit Cis okywrt cars 3rd On oxywist Jam a student You are a student You are a student he/she is a student Exercise 7. Read aloud and translate Mex Ganamein Cex Ganacun Cis Ganacuis On Gana Mex myraninein Cex tavraninacin Cis mveanincis (On sveanine Exerciee 8, Write the personal endings On ani @ Cis nopirep. | Men anusl .. [UY On aepiren... IB Cio anu Men nepiren. oni - singer opirep ~ doctor Cex xasyuel.. Cis xasyuel (On xasyutet xasyubl - writer Exercise 9. Read and translate. Find the personal endings. A. Canamarcus Ga! Mew Gmunuui, Men Amepixaaanmol. Men svraninanit Cis we? 2, Amanouis 6a? Mex Jlopa Axkonconmun. Mex Myfanimmin. Men Amepvxa- anmelt, Cay GonbIHb3! B: Canem! Mew Kapnmuix. Mei AmepuxanaHmolt. Men ecenwimin, Kasip (now) oxyuseimein. CeH we? Cay 1 - Gip 6 - anter 2 - exi 7 - xerti ow & cera 4 - repr 9 - ToOFEIs ¢: ie tole 2 253 ralExercise 10. Read aloud the following words. Pay particular attention to the different sounds. Sip - 6ep vw = yw rept - Tep 6ip - Gap vu - va rept - Top Sip - 6i9 vw - YP yept = Topr exi - ecki yw - ow rept - opr exi = ¥Ki yu - aw tepr - rapt Gec - 6ac antel - yaTel ceris - carsis Ges - 600 antl - aut —Geris - CFs Gec - Kec amtel - xapToi —ceris = KOHbIS Gec - rec xeti - xeT! TOFS ~ TOHFLIS Gec - Ges anu - worl oH - OH OH - OR OK = YH OH - OT OM = OH Exercise 11. Read aloud in Kazakh 10. 9.8.7.6, 5, 4.3.2, 1; 2 noc {friend), 10 raysik (hen), dag a 3 va (flower), Pe 4 Gana (child) Exercise 12. Read aloud and translate the phrases 10 iran 9 vari 8 kus 8 ur 4 noe 3 nepirep 2 mice 7 nmmon 5 okywe! tran 26 25Exercise 13. Count from 1-10 and back from 10-1 Exercise 14. Read and answer the question In Kazakir What time? Carat Kanwia/ Hewe? carat 6ip carat exi —carar Ge carat ants: —_carar ceri = Kewipinis, carat ewe? - Carat 10. - Paxmer! carat -__ time, clock, watch Kewipinis - excuse me (formal) Cannap. Numeral 11 - on Gip 20 - -«vuipma 1000 - wei 12 = on ex 30 = ores 2000 - oxi taut 13 - on vw 40 + Kbipeik 3000 - ys mei 14 - 8 TopT 50 - eny 4000 - TepT MoH 15 - on Gee 60 - annuc 000 - Gee mein 16 - on ante: 70 - xeric 6000 = ante: mom 17 - on xeri 80 - cexcen 18 - on ceris 90 - ToKcan 1,000, 000 - mannvon 19 - on TOFS 100-03. 1, 000, 000, 000 - mananapa Exercise 15. Count from one to a hundren in Kazakh Exercise 16, Repcat and anewer these math problems in Kavakh.! = Gonaaei + Kooy 90-20 = 100-30 60-45 76-12 44-4 85-35 2 27The Kazakh Family In the Kazakh Family, the father was the head, surrounded by his many children, married sons and their children, alll living together as a family unit in nearby yurts, During the years of Soviet rule, the Kazakh family suffered many changes. Instead of occupying stately yurts, the Kazakhs have had to move Into crowded houses of poor quality. Young people from the countryside move into the cities for education opportunities and better living conditions, leaving behind their parents and grandparents, breaking family ties. Housing for young couples is not available in Almaty. As in other towns and cities, the housing shortage is so severe that even couples who have been married for many years have only a single room to call home. This housing situation has limited the size of the Kazakh urban family, which now usually consists of the parents and two children. There is seldom raom for grandparents. Since both parents work, they had, until recenty, no choice but to leave their children in kindergartens where the only language of communication was Russian in the countryside a family still includes three or sometimes four generations, and the number of children is between five and ten. These rural children have been growing up in a Kazakh environment, while a whole generation of young urban Kazakhs have been raised without knowing much of their mother tongue - although this is now changing. The humber of Kazakh schools and kindergartens in Almaty and other urban centers is increasing, and the emphasis is on the revival of Kazakn traditions. These traditions include the celebration of holidays. When a child is born a feast called shildehana is held. Forty days after the birth the family invites female guests for the besik salar, marking the day the child is first put in its cradle. On the first day af school the ti! ashar is celebrated Together with all other Central Asians, the Kazakhs are again celebrating their traditional New Year (Nauryz) on Match 22, after being banned for over seventy years. All Kazakh celebrations feature a dombira player to play and sing Kazakh songs. An agin (oral poet) might also be present to improvise songs dedicated to the person honored at the feast. Ad bo a7TOPIC 2 OTBACbI FAMILY, Competencies: 1. To ask, answer and describe ones family 2, To ask about ones host/counterpart's family Grammar: 1. Possessive endings of Nouns (Singular |) 2. Locative case 3. Interrogative sentences with particle -ma/me? -6a/6e? -na/ne? -we? axe 2- aw, 1 3 hemepe Gananap 4 pm uia6ene f.. * va BR, Fees a ww : A + Cisge or6acei Gap ma? B. = Ciane or6acei Gap ma? = oR, ment Saceim 6oc. c. = Cigne or6ace! Gap wa? = Kok, MeH Gomnaknelo. = Cigne ava 6ap ma? = Ma, Gap. = On Hewene? + On 84-Te (ceKceH TeprTe). = Onpirt ator xi? + Onwi are Axopax. E - Cigge Gana Gap ma? = Ma, mexne 6ip Ya, 6ip Kui3 Gap. = Onap newene? = Koiabim 12-ne, vnbim - 8 Ze oréaces family ini younger brother {Gor a man) ara grandfather 6aysip younger brother (for a woman) axe arand mother kapsinaae younger sister (for a man} one father cinni younger sister (for a woran) wowe,ana mother seven nephew. niece exe-wewe — parents Hara! uncle (for a mother's brother) Gana child xviey husband ya boy, son vey xir'r ‘groom Kosa girl, daughter xen daughter-in-law Memepe _grandson/daughter xeure sister-in-law wo6epe —_greatgrandson Kansinaeik brice ara brother (for a father’s brother) ana sister vey 6ana son in-law Mentae I have. (daughters husband) Cis+ae You have... (younger sister's husband) Hewe tae? How old? xeae brother-in-law ap Yes/ | have {elder sister's husband) Kok no/ | haven't) GoanaK bachelor, unmarried (man) ‘YineHreH xOK single, unmarried (man woman) 30 29‘The Kazakhs traditionally didn’t answer when asked about their family and the number of children for religious reasons, 1) they didnt want to anger God, 2) they were afraid of getting the “evil eye.” They usually won't tell you: “I have a big family or | have many children” In some parts of Kazakhstan this tradition remains, but younger people should give you a straight answer. Here are a.few words about the relatives of a husband and wife. “Kalo -Kaitel ara (Kaninara)” 1s usually used for an elder brother of @ husband or a wife, “kaiium cin’ -for a younger sister of a husband, “xaiiele ara" - for fathers of the husband or wife, “xavtem ene” for mothers of the husband or wife, “Kaiibiw xvpr" - close relativies of @ husband or a wite. “oxeHre" - elder brother's wife. Exercise 1. Pay particular attention tothe pronunciation of the following words exe axap wewe Hewe xneH —>XHbIH Khia KbIC wawy awy xesne ana 3 Ke3 ie kvney Kvity ac xa3 kim Kinin Kenin Kasei ava ke cen eH araul waraWie! ara ana wah eit kon kan era ana con can Koo kyity bin SIME! nin anan kokinai xerinaip Ger 6ec aiwex @pHeK xOK aK wen weGepe Exercise 2, Read aloud and transiate into English: Muniay or6ace: Muay axe Mex wee. Meinay Gananap (Gana-Gananap Pltorm). Miimay ara, Onuit ars Onxac. Mbiiay ini, OHbIK are! InAAc: Molay Kapsinnac. Meiay ana. Moay citi, Exercise 3. Look at the picture and answer the questions. 5 Mpinay.... Motay Monay .. MbIHAY KIM? Memay- MuttayExercise 4. (See Introduction and revise the possessive form.) Read, translate, and pay particular attention to the words in pairs so that you can understand the possessive endings. A axe axem ara ara Kapbinaac KapbiNfaceim Saysip = Gaysipuim cima cinnine ana anam ara aram va vim axe axem wewe wewer KeIs KpIsbiN Hemepe — Hemepem xviey ——_kviteyit B. axe axenis ara araHbs Kapbingac Kapeingacente!s Gaysp —- Gaybipamtsis cixai cinninis ana anaes ara ara va Yawiteis eis KEISBIHbIS, Hemepe — Hemepenis Exercise 5. Name the Kazakh words that match the pictures and repeat the words with the possessive endings. Moniay Men Meni arsim Apman. in, at 32Exercise 6. Add Possesive endings for the Singular first and second person (polite form) and transiate into English. Meni axe... Meni ara... Meni cisni.. Meni Hewepe... Meni Kpise Menin va... Meni, Kapuinaac... Meni aiien... Menitt xviiey Menin Kameinnsik/. Meni aepirep.. Menin MBicuiK/€. Meni Taybix/e... Meni carat... Cisnin exe... Canin ara... Cisai cin... Ciagid Kapemnnac. Cispix ater. Ciapix xvitey.. Cisni Kanuinaein/€. Cisain aepirep. Cisnit moicuik/F. Cisnin TaysiK/e.. Cisain carar. Exercise 7. Translate into Kazakh using the possesive forms. 4. My husband. 2. Your father. 3. My son. 4. Your little sister (for a man). 5. My younger sister (for 2 woman). 6. My family. 7. My grandson. 8. My doctor. 9. Your teacher, 10. My dog. 11. Your child. 12. My cat, 14. Your wife. 15. Your grandmother. Exercise 8.Change the underlined words and then create and translate sentences with the words. EXAMPLE: — Cigne axe Gap ma? A. Ciane orGachi Gap ma? EXAMPLE: Ara Hewene? B. On newene? axe Gana, Kua, Yn ini, cinni kapermac wewe ara axe ara Kanes, ara axe weue Gana kansiHnbik oxy 323(example: Hewene?) ‘According to the laws of Vowel Harmony the choise of suffix (given below) depends on the vowels in the word, Usually these suffixes are used for the locative case Vowels or Hard. sexampie: soft example: last letter vowels vowels Vowels -aa anveina Ae ceriane land voiced xmuipwana oreis Oipae lconsonants \Voiceless—-ta annwcta “Te. eny Gecre: lconsonants oIDBIKTA on vurre ‘Anus on Gecte. Aram xeTnic cerisae. exeHis annwic ToFLISaa. aKeHis Koipbik ekine. Wewem oTeis anuina. Acak xvbipmaga. On xmbipma exine. Execise 9. Read, translate, and define the suffixes. Cinnim Kuipuikta. Qocsim xnbipMa TeprTe. Exercise 10. Choose a pronoun from column one with a noun from column two and end with the interogative weweae to make a question? ‘Then answer your question, choosing trom column three using the locative endings (-Aa, -2e, -7a, Te). EXAMPLE:1. Meni oxen wewene? 2. Cisaix anonus newene? axe nemepenia aracel kapeinaaceit, kvheyi amen Kansinabirem anax innit napirepia oKyuil saveaniio Fanuim6ex Mapuax Xanga ann 33 1, Meni axem annuic ering 2. Meni anam ornia TepTre. 3, Onoi Kapbinaace! Hewene? 3. OxbiH KapbiKaace! On Cerisae. “Be annuic xeri vw 8 xmbipma 6ec o7bi3 TepT, Toca exi ok ceria kbp ANTE ey oTb9 6ip Kbipbik TEPT xnipa 6p Orbis er on eri ToKcaH dkiBIPMA TOFS on ceria 3d -aa ora -rePlay the crossword “OTBACEI" ACROSS: 1. The girl who is going to marry. 3. Father's father or mother’s father. 4, Elder brother or wife. 5, Sister-in-law (of younger brother) 6. Elder siuter. 7. Son.s or daughter's child (for our parents) 8. Younger sister (of a woman) 9, Father. DOWN: 1, Daughter-i mother. 2. Younger sister (of a men). 5. Husband, 9. Mother's or father's mother. 10, Elder sister's husband. 11. Elder brother's wife. 12. Younger brother (of a man) law's or son-in-law's REVISION Exercise 12. Read, translate and answer the questions. 1. Cisain aruiness Ki? 7. Ontuin ares Kita? 2. Cis kakwanacsia? 8. Cisne Gana Oap ma? 3. Cis Hewenecis? 9, Banas wewene? 4, Cisne or6acei Gap ma? 10. Oxbin arpt Kim? 5. Cisne oxe Gap ma? 11. Ciane carat Gap ma? 6. axekis Hewene? 12. Carat Kanwia/Hewe? In Kazakh interrogative sentences begin with the words Kim? He? KaHwa? Hewe? etc. or by adding the intorrogative particles ma/me? 6a/6e? we? na/ne? Vowels in the words or the Hard examples soft examples last letter a pa | ma | capa ma? me | ra me? - vowels i a5 aPx, 3,M,H Ga | Kbo 6a? xaa 6a? |6e | «vn Ge? oven 6e? aaam 6a? HaH 6a? cos 62? KK, 0, Gt, x) na | Puvapa na? ine_| ut ne? Gec ne? uM, WL .F.6.8 Moicpik na? xar na’ repr ne? SouK ne? Exercise 13. Add the interrogative particles to the following then read and translate. . Cisge Gana Gap ...? Moittay wveanin ...? Cisne orGaces 6ap ...? . Cigne iran 6ap ...? Mointay axe ...? Moitay aranis ...? Mew Kasagcrannannaein? Cis ...? 1 2 3. 4, 5. 6. Moinay KpisbiHbi3 ...? a 8 9, 10. Mainay Spi ...? 11. Cisne ut Gap ...? 12 Cisne ara Gap ...? 13, Muikay Kappingaceines ...? 14. Maway aiieninis .. 15. Methay xviieyinis ...? 16. Maivay Besepna ...? 17. Cisnik, attsiis CoosaH 18. Cioaiit aruntia Keun ...? 19. Oxia are! Tpevicn ...? 20, Cisne mbiceiK Gap ...? Exercise 14. Change to the interrogotive form by adding the interrogative particle and correct pronoun. Kanwa? Kanai? Kaiaan? 1. Metnay rv. 2. Carar win 3, Ciane Hemepe Sap. 4, Cignin atoisia Natpin. 5, Mbixay MBICEIK. 35 6. Cis AmepuKanancess. 7. Cisne nt 6ap. 8. On xnuipma xerine. 9. Ontin asi aypen. 10, Ciani aTeinsis Banopa 36Mamanawikrap - profession Ecenuii axonor anwi asyut ey MBICWIE! wapya kuramerkep >sevprisytui MeHrepywii Gactaik opei6acap Fanti OxtITYUubI MYFanita Tinwi aynapmaus vinxenep carywiet nepirep cyperuii Myciwi Tirluui ToKbIMaUb acnasuibi Yuukeiu seiinerKep counter, book keeper ecologist singer writer worker farmer clark river manager boss assistant scientist teacher correspondent interpreter translator engineer salesman, shopkeeper doctor painter, artist, architect sewer weaver cook fiyer, pilot pensioner Exercise 15.. Read and translate into English. 9. tha ~ mnoxenep 10. Puvapa - sevHeTKep 11. ynuint ~ Yuskba. 12 Keispim cypeTusi. 13. Aram Tul 14. Snan Gusnecmen. 15. PoGepr xvpriayusi 16. Kapsiiaacum cary Exercise 16. Read and transiate. Pay attention to the personal 1, Momay ecenuit 2. axem Aapirep 3. Wewem mveanim. 4, On aKonor 5. oxeM SHUI. 6, Aram seviHerkep, 7. Banam Tinmow. 8. Onxac ayaapmauns. endings. rs Me Fanbimmein Cen Fanbiaceik Cis Fanbimceis On Fanbim wyraniain — onwimi 9xonornin myranimcin — awicin caryusicun myranincis —— @nwiia Gactenons myFanin enwi senuerkep Be 6B. Put the personal endings where necessary. Mex YuuKbiu... ayprisyui... On cyperwi... >Kaprei carar Half an hour >Kapret Tayeik Half of chicken) 0s xaprel nrp (500 rp water, milk etc.) 0.5 xr xaprai xeni (500 sugar, rice, meat etc.) wwpek quarter (the fourth part of smth) Genwex small pieces of smth or numeral Genix part, pisce Genin part, department (book, store, office ete.) Exercise 3, Read and translate the following tke er Garou Haw ape! Taybik 10 wvneiprea 0.5 xr KanT 1.5 kr Kypiws 300 r woxonan 2.5 xr mail) 1 cycsts kr Komanr 5 cuipa 1 wapan Kr Keone 42 a1Exercise 4. Rewrite the following with numbers and abreviations. EXAMPLE: [6ip keni} maxapoH - 1 xr maxapoH peaprus keni) Komnar - [yw xapeine eri] xvpiu - . [6ip xapbim Keni] Ganuik - {6ip Keni] capo mat - . [ip xapbina nueTp] CT - [ox exi keri} vH - [exi xapeim nurp] ecimaik mail - bxaptit Keni] Taysik - .. gaopo ene Exercise 5, Make up sentences and transiate them aloud. 2,8 xr sewniprKa, 40 xr komnwt 7.5 Kr Ganeix TV nawKe 3 2«r on 5 ayrp cycaitt 350 r remexi Sxr va 3.5 «r axapon 0,5 xr kxpius Ynurp main 0.8xr HoH 3 nouKe kavimak 6 xr er 0,5 awrp ecimaix wait eur oan Exercise 6. Replace the underlined word. A. 1 Cisne Kaur Gap ma? vn, Keone, Gansik, cY36e cv, Mai, Woh, XeyMbIPTKA B. 2. Maray kypiw Kepex. coipa, KaamaK, cycbil wxsiK, CipHe C. 3. Aykenne kore 6ap ma? komnur, wapan, newenve, ToKaw. Kobe, TaysikExercise 7. Substitute the words using the given structure 1) Cisne Gap ma? words: exe, weue, 6ana, UT, MbicBiK, Yi, Kiran, alien, xviey, axe, ara, ana, KaDbINMaC. aFa, HaFaULl, KHeH: KeniH, KeHTe, KEBLE, HOC. Maran xepex this structure can be used also with the verbs in the Infinitive form which express wish (I need to go) Maran Gapy xepex Maran kaiy Kepex Maran avaapy Kepex Maran oxy nepex Maran xagv Kepex {to go) (to come back, to return) (to translate) (to read) (to write) etc, Exercise 8. Substitute the words using the g-iven structure, Maran ... Kepex. words: yaxerr (time), carar (watch, clock) .stawnna (car), kiran (book), kana (paper), 2on (ball), kaiam (pen), Kapsinaaw (pencil) Now make up sentences and translate them. Maran nemany TaHbicy keagecy kairanay viwixTay maunna xiran aemany 6apy ranuicy kepex MBICbIK ut viwiKray xeanecy kaiiranay w_ver to take a rest tortake acquaintance with to meet to revise, to repeat to sleep {to go to bed) 43 new adjectives: eania new xapa black aK white KOHBIP brown capel yellow Kbiasin red KOK blue vp grey acelin green ddExercise 9. Read and learn these exchanges: 1 = Maran Hay Kepek. 2. = Maral non Keper. ~ Kanaan? - Kanai? = AK HaH + Keiabin »xaHe Kak, - Kanwa? - Exi, 3. = Maran xaHa KanaM Kepex. 4, - Maral KaHT Kepex. = Kannan? ~ Kana? = Keiauin, Kok KaHe Kapa. ~ 5 Keni 5, = Marat alipan, CYT Kepex. 6. - Maran YH Kepex, + Kanuia? + Kanaan? = Alipay xapta! nuTp, ovT Gip mrp. - AK Owmait viel - Kana? = Bxeni, The Imperative Mood (2nd Singular polite form) is formed by adding suffixes “einwia (after hard vowels) - iia (after soft vowels), particles -wi, -wor after the to express request in polite form translated as please Bep + iis + wi Give me, please. ant + sims + ub Teli me, please. Gepivis + wi OKpIHDISWE! aires + wel ag bIHbisuset Gap + pirieis + wet alirenpiowel ken + nis + wi kaliTananbisust kopeer + inia + wi caHaHsisuei Infinitive Imperative Imperative polite Polite request Sepy Sep Gepinis Gepinioul to give janry ait alTetnbis. aaTeieoweL to tell, to say lenwey ewe =—enweiia. enwerisuit to weigh kaitanay Kalirana Kairanamws © Kaltrananbiauibl to repeat lany an ansini3 aNbIHISLubL 10 take Kepcety xepcet —_xepcerinis xepcerinisuul to show ayaapy = aynap = ayAapeiHbis aynapeinbsun —_—to translate easy waa AAI >a3biHb3wht to write loxy oxeI OKBIHEIS OKBIHEISWUB to read lawy aw aus Wb to open canay cana canateis canaHeiswe! to count xaGy xan 2xa6nHv'9 raGuiterowe! to close, “4 BEST COPY AVAILABLEExercise 10. Express a request using the words in brackets. EXAMPLE: Maran anma Gepidiaui. 1, Maran 10 xxymwiprka (Gepy). 2. Mara ana kiran (Kepcery) 3, Maran xaraa ( Gepy) 4. Cia kagaxwa (oKy) 5. Cis aFbinweinwa (xasy) 6. Cis aFtinubimwa (aynapy) 7. Cis ecix (awy) 8, Maran carat/ yakuir (a”Ty) kasakwa in Kazakh aruinusinwa — in English Muikay, mola, Ova this anay, aia that REMEMBER! Classroom commands c Simple form to stand Trp! to sit oreio! to come xen! to enter kip! to a0 out work! Tellaay to listen Tanga! oxy to read oxi! aay to write aa! airy to tell, tosay arnt kaliranay to repeat xairanal xaiiranay to revice xaiiranal auy to open au! xady to close xan! (xan-*a6y) (A /6) Exercise 11 demonstr, Pronoun. Polite form. Types! oTbIpLIHEs! xeninis! xipinis! UbIFbIHbYS! onaarsis! OkuIMEIS! deaaninbia! aruineia! xaliranants kaiirananes aurea! a6uneis! A.. Change to the Polite Imperative Mood and translate. 1. Tenaa, 45 sa! 43!B. Express requets adding the particles to the verbs (-uiet, -ui) Transtate them Exercise 12. Go to the nearest store to converse with the salesperson to get to know the price. Exercise 13. Read the text and translate it. AawiK-Twnik aYKeHI Agwik-Tynix avkeni vnkew. Aykevae HaH, CYT, eT, Ganbik, Taybik eri, XYMBIDTKa, TY, KANT, Nomnwr, CyCUIE CaTAAbI. AK KaH 25 TeHre TypARBI. KADE hak 12 Tere 50 THIN TYOaABL. 1 Keni KaHT 40-45 TeHre Typansl. Capel Mai 250 rexre , Kavimak 145 Tekre, TY3 14 TeHre Typanbl, Catywe! alfrans "Keninia! Cisre He Kepex? HaH, Karimak caTbin anbikhia. Cys6e mex KalimaK ere wakes” Men avkenre xvHme Gapamem. Han, cyT, cys6e, Cape Mali, CyCHI carbin anamoit epkawan - always wrnpe = everyday Notice the differences in meanings of these words and expressions. caty tosell compare carywis! salesperson carbin any to buy Gatem anywe customer Caryw! catansi Salesperson sells Mex catsin anambin Vbuy .. Carywt avkenne Hah caTanbl Salesperson sells bread of the store. Mex Kay carbin anambilt I buy bread, Cis-crt cataceis 6a? = Do you sail milk?®Cortgnsens Dywenne ovr caragu/6ap. They sell/have milk... Dynenne cyt, wan caraabi ma? Aven aux ( open) Byxen xa6uK (closed) Ayer aunix na? Ya, aux. Byron xaGeix 11a? a, xaGeIn. The negative form of the verbs is formed by adding negative affixes “ma, -me after vowels sonorants H, H. na, -ne after voiceless consonants -6a, -6e after voiced consonants then personal endings are added (See the Introduction ) 1 Present Negative Gapams Gaptmatai+mein & Past Gapnom — Gap+matauin Exercise 14. Underline the negative affixes. Translate the verbs. Oxbinbim ——OKbiMaabina angum = anmagum, xagnbim — «aaGanbim Gepaim —_Gepmenit aiiTTom aitnaneim enuwenin eanuemenin ToRaauM TeRaManLiN cavanbim — cavamansina kengim —_xenmepim kairapabia Kalirapmagum Kipaim = kipmeaina auwrem = awnagun uBkTUM — wuiknanein cerroim —carnaatim Exercise 15. Give negative answers. EXAMPLE: 1. Men aykerire Gapmanein, Cen arxenre Gapabin 6a? . Cis kiran annbinbis 6a? . Ainkan vitre kengi me? Bana epreri twnnanti wa? . Okyweinap Kiran cavansi ma? Caryuit axwa KaiTapae! ma? Pocnun xitan xa3aei Ma? Tpeiicn oneh avirrat ma? Epmx panno Tenaagsi Ma? 48 a71. . Cis kalranaaw... . Cex Kenai |. Cia ipa 5. Men wibikTEl... . Cen alirre. @NOMAON Exercise 16. Fill in the blanks with the personal ending. Meu 2xasab.... Mex Tennant Cis enweyi Proverbs “Ewen Kew KaKce!” “>KaKch! C03 - KapbiM BIpEIC™ “Ioxe yakemr, epmexke carar” 48 9. 10. 1. 12. 13. 14, 15. 16. Meu kiran oKeiget... Cex gon Gepai Mex anma anal Cex enex airtel Cis axwa Kaitrap. Meu ecik xxantwl... Men ca6ax ryciKal. Cio Kasaxuwa colineni... “Better late than never”. “if you can't say something nice, don't say anything at all" “Busin a0 1ess before pleasure”A Central Asian Market (Bazaar) As in all Central Asian republics of the former Soviet Union, In Kazakhstan a private economy existed along side of the planned state economy. Goods not available in state stores could be obtained easily in the bazaars, althoungh at higher prices, The bazaar, an ancient institution in Central Asia, have traditionally been places for buying and selling produce: fruit, vegetables, bread, meat, spices and rice. In a Central Asian bazaar, like those in the Middle East, each type of produce has its special area: spices are sold at one place, vegetables at another. The customer walks by rows of tables loaded with neatly displayed apples, followed by rows of tables stacked with tomatoes or cucumbers. Prices and quality can be easily compared to secure the best deal. In contrast to the poor service at stete stores, the producers and sellers at a bazaar have always been customer oriented, friendly and aware of the competitors standing next to them. Original the bazaar was designed as an open-air place with pathways lined with stalls, To protect customers from the sun, wanings would be spread across the stalls. In some places such bazaars still exist, though many were transformed “for sanitary” reasons into permanent buildings during the Soviet period, The most popular bazaar in Aimaty is the Kok Bazaar ("Green Bazaar”), located in a three-story building in the center of the city. The floors are crowded with produce, especially in autumn, when fruits such as apples, grapes, pears, and meions are all in season, Some of the produce is brought from the neigboring republics, Uzbekistan and Kirghizistan, and the salespeople are mostly Uzbeks, Tajiks, Uyghurs, Dungans and Korean. Traditionally, the Kazakh nomads did not engage in trade and bargaining. Nowdays the prices at the Kok Bazaar reflect the general economy, Whereas two years ago one kilogram of aplles would cost only a few kopecks, in May 1995 the price was over 100 tenghe.TOPIC 4 BA3AP MARKET. BAZAAR Competencies: 1. To buy and choose fruit/vegetables. 2. To ask about prices and to bargain at the bazaar. 3. To pay and to get change. Grammar: 1) The comparative degree of adjectives and Gr. adverbs 2) Negative form of a sentence. Structure: Construction:xepex - xepex emec A 2 = Ana xaniuianan? +801. . - Kumar, Apsanaay 6epinia! + Makya, 751. = 60 Tenreaen 2 xeni Gepiniouiit = Kx, 70 teHre. 8. + WaGnane kanwa Typaats? = 100 T. = Kumar. 80-HeH Gepinis! Kanua anaceis? = Ver. = KOK, 95 7. = B5 TeHrenen 2 xr Gepinis! + Makyn, anbintis! c. + Anuypr xymcak na? Denali me? = Ore nemai, anuinuis. ApsaH Gepemix. Keninia! ~ Kanwanan? = 1207. = 110 texrenen Gepinis. 1 + Opix kanwa Typaay? - 30 Tere. - 25 TeHrenen Gepinis. = Hewe Keni anacus? = 4 xeni. + Makyn (xapoiiai) 25 TeHregen anvitsss, = Mine 100 TeHre. Paxmer. + Tarewna Keriisi2. Kap6tie Kanwanan? Micxen Ge? Kuauin a? - Via, nicKer, Kbisbin, ote TaTTi, 15 TeHrenen. >Ken xepinis. = Apsanuipak/apsanra/ Gepikis. + Makyn, AnH. > Anay ynxenipen/ti 3. ipex? kap6uian enweris. + Kyaneinait kanwa Typab? - Bip kenici 50 Tenrenen. Anbiitis. ApsaHra Gepem. = 2 xeni Gepixis. 40 TeHrenen. = dKapaiini, xenicrix. = Maran ipiney Kepex. + Tannaneis! > Paxwer! 4 + Matiga Kup Gap ma? - Mine, Taxnanuis! - Kanuwanan? - 65 Texregen. = Mex Ken anamein, 55 TeHrenen Gepixis. - Kanwa anaceis? - 45 Keni. = ake, Mine 5 xeni. Ciggen 275 renre. = Metnay ipi Knsip Kepex emec. Maran YoaK Kepex, AbeipGacranuiswl! > Makya, mine. E - Kewipinia, Kaira cavaxsiaum! Men 1 Kr Takkypali 65 TexreneH veone 0,5 xr wae 55 TeHrenex ange. Cisre 100 Texre Gepaim. Cis Maran 5 reure xaitrapapns Tarui 2,50 7. Kepex. + Kewipinis, mafiga xox. 2 TeHre nuit. ~ Paxmer. a x 51Basap Market fruit >knnex berry Kexewic vegetable anma apple yaKypai = raspberry KAD ‘cucumber anmypT pear kyanuinali strawberry = nommgop = tomato epix apricot »eyaiM grape caGis carrot anxopst plum wine cherry keisninwa beet wa6nanu peach nave xugex cranberry Gypbils pepper 6anax = banana Kapa kiwi 6ypwiak peas awmon — lemon waHro mango nus ‘onion anenecuk orange asoKano avocado = Kap6ui8 watermelon aap pomegranate Koxoc coconut = Kaysilt melon anaiac pincapple — kapakat eurrant kapron potato Gaxnaxax —egg-plant acka6ak © pumpkin ‘pi big aia small nickex ripe ex green wipiret rotten nema tasty, sweet, delicious nomcis tasteless kuiauin red kbim@aT expensive apsaH cheap aus bitter, salty Koiukein sour maxyn Ok, all right veaxcei well Kaira again TaFu, once more ‘vaFuna once more ciagen from you afispGacransiowu - Will you change, will you give another one yanaatiis ~~ You may choose, choose, please cavaHuia = - Will you count count, please Exercise 1. Read aloud these words and pay attention to the specitic YA Kazakh sounds x Kap6es; Kaybin; Kalira; Kania, KAHWAnaH, KApAKaT; TaHkypait Kyanuinalt, Makyn, Sypwak, AKC, KbISbIN, KOLA, KUAD Tp, Kenic, 90K, wool, ;BeMal, Terri, pemcia, nicKerv | Vi, KVARKINAL, MaKYR, aNMYDT, Ovpbill, GYPLAK. TaHKypan, KaHwa) TYAN 8 [aemal, nawcis, cabis, ToT [xexenic, epix, Kex HE x ‘TanKypad, raynannia,| — ymees, >vsint Tab Tenre Exercise 2. Look at the picture. Answer the question and translate them % % é way ee 2 2 €. @iec- Momay GD MBIHAY HE? B ¢,e~ ye t v > _ #4 SI 2 Exercise 3. Answer the question, using the words from column B. Basapna He Gap? A B c kayein KAD GyowaK cobis nwa Basapna anxopst 6ap anmypt Kbisbinwa wanantt Gopi 53 54Exercise 4. Answer the questions using the words "ktm6ar” and “apaan” Model: Basapma xapGbia KbiMGar, 50 TeHrenen. A... Basapaa xvgextep KaHwa Typap? Ae ¥®4"2 B. Basapaa xemicrep KanwanaH? @ @ @© ©. Basapaa Kexenicrep KeimOar na? Exercise 5, Read and translate the sentences. Find the antonyms Muay anwa may, > Rey > Tay, - Tey For example: KemGar —xbinGarteipaK, KumOar+ray >KaKCbI oeakcuitpak xakeurtnay ynkeH vyakentipex vakennney epre eptetpex epretney apsan apsan+vipak apaantaay pamai empi+pex aeMaitney In Kazakh a sentence can be formed from a noun and an adjective or adverb without the implied verb. For example: Muay anma tarrioex, anwypr Karmunay ‘The comparative form of an adverb often stands before the verb predicate, For example: Karroipak alireibisuu - Say it louder. Please speak louder apaanaay 6epinis + Sell it cheaper. Exercise 6. Read aloud and translate the following. Find the suffixes of the comparative form. 1. Tiamow kbiukwinaay. 2. Kapakar maimanay (vcakray) 3. Kaybitt TaTripex. 4. Keisuinwa ipiney. 5. Kap6sis KeistinsipaK. 6. Mus ausinay. 7. Taxxypait Grin (today) apsaxnay. 8. Anwa mex apik zomainey. 9. Wa6aane xvmoaK - xevmoarupar ( K / & 10. 2kyaim Kex - Karipex ( K /r) 55Exercise 7. Change the words in brackets into the Comparative form. 1, Maran (KaTTe)) ana Kepex. 2. (Terri) xvain Gepikiat 3. Maran (xymcak) uia6aanel Gepinisuii. 4. (ipl) apron enweniat : Kal /xannaii/ anvypr (raTTi)? 6. Kai nommpop (nema)? 7. MaraH (kiwi) Kaye enwenis. 8, (Maiiaa) russ Gepiniaui. 9. (Ynex) Kap6eia Gap ma? 10. (Apaal) Kunp Gap ma? Exercise 8. Make up short dialogues between a salesman and customer using the sentences given in exercise 7. ‘Act out the dialogues. ‘The Negative form of a sentence in Kavakh is formed by using 1) the negative word “xoK” 2) the auxiliary word "emec" usually stands after the noun, adjective,numerals. 3) the negative suffixes ma/me, Ga/Ge, na/ne. OK, emec ma/we, 5a/Ge/ na/ne 1) - Kaur Gap ma? 2) Pawapn mvranisa enec. KOK, Kant KOK, Pyiapa - weorenep. Byn Kaybin emec. Byn ackaGax. Acka6iak terti emec. 3) Mex oxvsin anatioein. Mel opuicuia okuiwavimuin. Mei xar xasGavimuH. Man renedon coxnaiinnn For example: After the noun: 1 Person = Mew Gana emecnin - I'm not a child 2Person Cen Gana emeccih - You are not a chil Cis Gana emeccis - You are not a child 3Person OnGanaemec - —He is nota childAfter the adjective 1 Person Men ynkenemecnix. = - ‘| am noy an adult. 2person Cex xiuskenrat emeccin - You are not a child. Cis kiwxenrat emeccis - You are not a child. 3 person Anmypr Tarti emec - The pear is not sweet. Exercise 9. Read the following and underline the negative words. Transtate them. A. Mex axe emecnin. Cen anuii emeccix. Cis erixuii emeccis. On Axeh emec, B, Muay wr emec. Byn caps mali emec. Avay wa6aanb emec. C. Muinay Kap6uig Kbighin emec. Anxopi! xxYMcaK emec. AIMYpT KaTTb emec. Tatkypait tarti emec. Bypuiu ipi emec. Cabis aemni emec. not me Mex emecni. not you Cex emeccin. Cis emeccis. not he/she On emec. Exercise 10. Read and translate the sentences, put them in the negative form. A. Muay mucbik. MblHay Kbisbinwwa YaKeH, ANay KapObis ynkenipex ‘axe = cypeTuii. Aocuim ( my frend ) - skanor. B. Mex BasHmein. Jeena - aapirep. Cis amepnxaraniKcis. Cen oxyumiew On caryuses. Exercise 11. Answer the following questions using the negative words “KoK, emec” Model: Muay AnMatbi ma? - Kok, Muay AnMarei emec. A. Keisuinwa gemai me? Kaysin TaTTi me? Taybik vnxen 62? Nuns xen ne? B. Wewe - Tirimui me? On Gacruix na? ox - ara wa? Dxxopx By - npeswgent ne? C. Mex ecenwimin Gee Cex setinerxepcin Ge? Cis rinwicis 6e? On Fansint 6a? 57 58Exercise 12. Crossword puzzle ‘Answer the clues in Kazakh. Across: 1. White, sweet you usually add it to the tea. 2. Sweet, children like them very much. 3. Round, white, inside is yellow you can boil or fry it. 4. Vegetable, you make salad or soup of it's white green leaves 5, Meat, it’s a domestic bird. 6. Drink, It is made of cow's milk. 7. Fish, you can eat it's meat. 8. Vegetable, it's big, round or oval, yellow and sweet. 9. Vegetable, red, used to make salad or soup. 10. i's the most important food for Kazakhstani people. 11. Fruit, red and sweet. 12, Vegatarians don’t eat it. 19. Vegetable, it makes you cry. Down 5 Spice, white, often from the ocean. 14, White, from a cow, you add it to the tea or coffee « 18. Vegetable, deep purple or red mostly used for salads. 15, Fruit, small near stem and wide at base. 17. What you want when when you're not and tired. _ 18. The fruit Almaty is temous for. fl 19. Fruit, large with seeds and rinds. 4 fs 20. Vagatable, green. long. very comon [7 Cr 21. Frit, tropical, grown in bunches. 22. From cocco plant. a 23. Rruit, yellow and sour. oa iB LT Tiel | 4 m7 5 TA jes ele jel z 20] [ Li faq t Bi | See is ale t 4 of | | 58 5a ~PROVERBS: 1, “Ewen xew saxo" “Better late than never". 2. “KaKeet ces - mapeim wipuic” “if you can’t say something nice, don’t say anything at all” 3. “Ioxe yakuir, epmexke carar” “Business before pleasure” Ee)TOPIC 5 Kut Clothes Competencies: 1) To buy and choose goods 2) To ask about prices, to pay and to get change Grammer: 1) The Superlative degree of the adjective and the adverb 2) The Plural form of the Noun 3) The Ordinal Numerals: kactom suit kon opaman keine dress ovari xenne shirt wna nonte coat xuicka uvABiK kynakwbh cap onrorin manaxai cap nau wen cap Gnyaxa uan6ap trousers 106Ka wri jacket wapxe Gerinixe boots ypocoonen erik high boots ccnopr (ank Kvitai) >xemnip sweater axWHced rancryx tie raKia opaman neadscart uaa kamaon tong vest (with national ornaments) Garapen battery ‘poroannapar camera nnenKa roll MarnnToox tape recorder naccera easect yenennnap TV set, television Gengik belt mara fabric xi6ex sik mH woo! maKra cotton Guneapet leather kyvipwiak doll cuipra earrings caxwna, 2rsix ring caGein soap cy ca6un shampoo Kon wateip umbrella onuem, size hankerchief towel stockings socks tights raincoat blouse skirt slippers sport shoes jeans scull cap national gawn made of velvetenwen Kepyre Gona ma? May | try it on? kuin aiitipGacrayea Gona ma? anmactuipyra Gona Ma? May | try on another/something else? xex sleeve youn tong Kuicka short nyo, Tre color eH wide, big rap narrow, tight ana particolored kanaaa enwen What size .. Kanai Tvo/T¥ci Kepex? What colot Gacxa TCi another color ‘emueririn xep fitting room xomex help xomexrecixiswi Will you help me A, = Axa wan6apay Kepceriviswi? fi e = Mine, Kopi, % - Backa Troi 6ap ma? ~ Backa Tyoi xok. Tex ocunaai. ES - Muna xelineni xepyre Gona ma? - Ma. + Keicxa/vanin xen e¥ige Gap ma? - KOK, Glade TeK YabIH/KbiCKa >KeH 2xerie Gap. c. - Multa nanTeHin onwemi KaHsaA? - Bigge Gapnsi enwesnepi 6ap. + Cigre kannait Kepex? = Knin kepyre 6ona Ma? = @pmne. Cisre Kanqait Tyci KepeK? = Kex. Paxwer. D. - MaFaH kacrem caTein anyra xemexreciniawi? + epmne, Keninis, ~ Paxmer. /Ken-xen paxwer. 61 62