C IM KHONG HA V TRIN VNG

M VNG GC TR NNG, TNH LM NG

Nguyn Kim Hong1, Nguyn Vn Mi 2,
1
Trng i hc Khoa hc T nhin, i hc Quc gia TP.HCM; 2 Lin on Bn a cht min Nam
Tm tt: M vng gc Tr Nng thuc vng qung Tr Nng, ng nam i Lt. Cu trc a
cht cha cc thn qung vng c thnh phn thch hc ch yu l bt kt, phin st xen t lp ct kt
mu xm, xm en c xp vo h tng La Ng (J2ln). b un np vi phng ca trc np un
ng Bc Ty Nam. Cc thn qung c dng mch, dng mch gi va, dng mng mch, i
mch; i khi dng bu, . Cc thn qung c th nm cm v ng Nam hoc Ty Bc vi gc dc
60o 80o, gn trng vi mt lp vy quanh.Qung c cu to dng mch, xm tn. Khong vt
qung 1015%, ch yu l pyrit, arsenopyrit; th yu l galena, sphalerit, chalcopyrit. Vng tn ti
di dng vng t sinh v electrum. Vng trong thn qung phn b rt khng ng u, hm lng
t 0,5g/T n 100,5g/T. Khong ha vng c ngun gc nhit dch nhit trung bnh n trung bnh
thp (1952600C) thuc kiu m vng-thch anh-sulphur dng mch vi 2 kiu khong: vng thch anh pyrit arsenopyrit (chnh) v vng - thch anh - sulphur a kim (ph). M vng gc b
bc mn t i gia qung n i di qung. M c qui m trung bnh.
T kha: Tr Nng, m vng, khong ha vng, kiu m vng.
M vng gc Tr Nng (Khu vc 67 72) l khu vc c trin vng vng nht trong 3 khu vc
thuc vng qung Tr Nng. V hnh chnh, m thuc a phn x a Quyon, huyn c Trng, tnh
Lm ng. V kin trc sinh khong, m thuc vng qung Tr Nng, ph i o C Long Hi,
v pha ng nam i sinh khong Lt. Vng vng Tr Nng, gm sa khong v qung gc c
pht hin vo nhng nm u thp k 1990; sau (1987 1993), c Lin on a cht 6 tin
hnh tm kim nh gi [6] v tip theo, mt phn din tch c thm d vng sa khong [8].
I. C IM A CHT
I.1. c im a cht khu vc
I.1.1. a tng
1. H tng La Ng (J2ln): Cc ca h tng phn b lin tc v rng ri, chim hu ht hin
tch vng nghin cu. Thnh to ny c chia thnh 2 ph h tng nh sau:
+ Ph h tng di (J2ln1): Phn b pha Nam v Bc vng, ko di theo phng ng
Bc Ty Nam. Thnh phn thch hc gm: bt kt, st kt, st kt sc di xen k ct kt, phn lp
mng n trung bnh. Trong cha ha thch tui Alen Bajosi. Cc b un np, phn ln c
phng ko di ng Bc Ty Nam, vi gc dc > 40 600. Cc b phong ha v bn phong ha
mnh m hnh thnh i phong ha kh dy. B dy t 500 600m.
+ Ph h tng trn (J2ln2): L trung tm vng, thnh di c phng ng Bc Ty Nam,
rng 2,5 3km. Thnh phn thch hc gm: ct kt, bt kt xen k st kt, phin st mu nu xm,
xm en phn lp trung bnh n dng khi xen k nhau nhp nhng. phn trn, c cc lp ct kt
dng quarzit mu xm en, phn lp trung bnh. Gn cc th granit, cc b bin cht nhit thnh cc
sng. Cc b un np vi gc dc 40 500. B dy t 800 900m.
Trong cc ca h tng, c nhiu mch thch anh sulphur xuyn ct ch yu theo mt lp,
to cc thn qung vng gc c dng gi tng. ra mch b thch anh ha, seicit ha, clorit ha.
2. H tng n Dng (K2d): Cc ca h tng ny phn b kh rng ri pha Bc vi
din l lin tc. Thnh phn thch hc gm: dacit, ryodacit, felsit, ryolit, andesitodacit, andesit v cc
vn kt tuf ni la ca chng, xen t trm tch ngun ni la (ct kt tuf, bt kt tuf, sn kt arkos, sn
kt, cui kt); i khi, c cc thu knh hoc lp mng andesit, tuf andesit. B dy thay i t 500
600m n 1.250 1.350m.
3. Trm tch sng Pleistocen thng (aQ13): Trm tch ny phn b ri rc dc sng Da
Quyeon, sui Xtayet vi din tch rng t hn chc mt n vi trm mt, ko di lin tc t vi trm
mt n 1 2km. Thnh phn trm tch ch yu ct, ct bt, st, st bt c mu xm, xm nu, gn kt

yu hoc b ri; phn y c cui si, i khi c tng cui cha ct bt, c cha vng sa khong. B
dy thay i 1,5 5,0m; c ni 6 7m.
4. Trm tch sng Holocen (aQ2): Trm tch sng hin i phn b lin tc dc theo cc sng
sui, to nn cc bi bi cao, thp hoc cc di ct ngm di lng, rng t vi mt n vi chc mt,
ko di t vi trm mt n vi km. Thnh phn trm tch gm ct, ct bt, st, st bt mu xm ht,
gn kt yu n b ri; phn y, ch yu l cui tng cha ct si, ct, cng c cha vng sa khong.
I.1.2. Magma xm nhp
- Phc h o C (Gsy/Kc): c xp vo phc h ny, thuc pha 2, c 2 khi nh ni
Piarmen, v pha Ty Nam vng. Thnh phn thch hc: granosyenit, granosyenit dng porphyr v
granit porphyr. c mu xm hng, cu to khi, kin trc na t hnh, ht va n th. Thnh to
ny xuyn ct v gy sng ha cc trm tch h tng La Ng.
I.1.3. Cu trc - kin to
1. Cu to un np: Mt cch tng quan, vng qung Tr Nng c dng mt phc np li.
Vng m Tr Nng cng pht trin cc np li v np lm vi phng cu trc chnh l ng Bc
Ty Nam, trc np un ko di vi km n 10 15km; hai cnh tng i i xng vi gc dc 50
700. Theo trc np li thng c t gy ng sinh.
2. t gy: C hai h thng t gy chnh:
+ H thng ng Bc Ty Nam: Thng pht trin theo trc np li; ko di hng chc km,
l t gy nghch, c ly dch chuyn ng khong 70 80m. H thng ny lin quan n qu trnh to
qung ha trong vng nn c xem l h thng t gy ng to qung.
+ H thng Ty Bc ng Nam: Ct qua v lm dch chuyn h thng t gy ng Bc
Ty Nam vi c ly dch chuyn d tnh khong 40 50m. y l h thng t gy sau to qung.
Ngoi ra, cn c h thng t gy nh, phng ng Bc Ty Nam, xuyn ct h thng t
gy Ty Bc ng Nam vi c ly dch chuyn khong 1m.
II. C IM KHANG HA VNG
II.1. c im phn b v hnh thi cc thn qung
Kt qu tm kim nh gi [6], xc nh 88 thn qung, thn khong ha vng (t y gi
chung l thn qung). Cc thn qung u phn b trong bt kt, st kt xen t phn lp ct kt ca
ph h tng trn, h tng La Ng (J2ln). Chng c phng ko di ch yu ng Bc Ty Nam (310330 60-70) v th yu v tuyn (nh 1), thng phn b phn vm cc np un v xuyn chnh
hp vi cc lp trm tch. V t l thnh phn vt cht qung, gm 2 kiu khong ha:
+ Vng thch anh t sulphur: t ph bin, in hnh l thn qung 2. T l sulphur <5%.
Cc thn qung c chiu dy mng, thay i 0,08 1,7m, ch yu 0,4 0,6m; chiu di theo ng
phng t vi chc mt n 200m, phn ln <100m, theo hng cm t vi chc mt n khong
100m. Hnh thi thn qung: mch, chm mch, rt t dng bu, v phn nhnh, gi va; n
nghing, gn trng mt phn lp trn 2 cnh np li.
+ Vng thch anh sulphur: Ph bin trong hu ht cc thn qung vng gc. T l
sulphur >5% gm nhiu khong vt sulphur: arsenopyrit, pyrit, galena, chalcopyrit, Chiu dy thn
qung thay i 0,3 3,47m, ch yu 0,7 1,6m; chiu di theo ng phng 60 290m, theo hng
cm 100 150m. Cc thn qung c dng gi va, gn trng vi mt phn lp ca vi gc cm 60
800. Kiu hnh thi thn qung: chm mch, mng mch, phn nhnh, t dng bu, .
II.2. Cc bin i vy quanh
Cc cnh mch b bin cht trao i - nhit dch i hp c mu sng hn (kh than) v
c sulphur. l c s bin i berezit ha (sericit 55%, thch anh 30%, carbonat 5%, arsenopyrit
5%, pyrit 1-3%, khc... 1-3%). Ngoi ra, kh ph bin: thch anh ha, sericit ha, clorit ha.
II.3. Thnh phn v c im khang vt qung
II.3.1. Thnh phn khong vt qung
1. Khong vt qung nguyn sinh: Ch yu: arsenopyrit (5 7%), pyrit (1 2%), vng t
sinh, electrum; th yu: galena ( 1%), sphalerit ( 1%), calcopyrit (< 1%).
2. Khong vt qung th sinh: chalcozin, covelin, scorodit, limonit.
2

II.3.2. Cu to qung v kin trc qung

Cu to qung: xm tn, mch, di, . Kin trc qung: ht t hnh, na t hnh, tha hnh.
II.3.3. c im khong vt qung
1. Vng t sinh (Au): Gp trong c 2 kiu khong ha: 1/ Vng - thch anh t sulphur: dng
vy nh, dng kim xm tn v tp hp dng trong thch anh (nh 4); 2/ Vng - thch anh sulphur:
dng vy nh, tm mng, ng thc hoc dng kim phn b trong tp hp sulphur (ranh gii gia cc
ht hoc khe nt trong cc ht sulphur). Kch thc thay i 0,02 0,01mm; i khi 0,5mm.
2. Electrum (Au, Ag): Ch gp trong kiu khong ha vng - thch anh - sulphur dng cc vy
nh trong tp hp cc ht sulphur hoc thnh trong arsenopyrit, kch thc 0,02-0,05mm (nh 5).
3. Arsenopyrit (FeAsS): T l thay i t <1% (trong vng-thch anh t sulphur) n 5 - 7%;
i khi 15% (trong vng-thch anh-sulphur). C 2 th h: th h I dng tinh th ln, kch thc
<1mm, phn b ch yu trong cc mch thch anh t sulphur; t hnh n na t hnh (nh 3a) hoc
dng v vn, tn d, khung xng (nh 3b), i cng pyrit I, trong m scorodit-arsenopyrit cha cc
mnh thch anh b gm mn nhng li b bao trong pyrit II; th h II kch thc nh hn, na t
hnh n tha hnh v phn b trong cc mch thch anh sulphur nh hn, i cng pyrit II v cc
khong vt sulphur khc: galena, sphalerit v chalcopyrit.
Trong n khong arsenopyrit, c cha mt hm lng vng nht nh (Bng 3).
4. Pyrit (FeS2): Cng sinh cht ch vi arsenopyrit, kch thc t 0,1 0,2mm n 1mm; dng
na t hnh hoc tha hnh, xm tn trong thch anh hoc tp hp cc sulphur khc. B oxy kh mnh
to nn rim limonit bao quanh hoc l cc mnh tn d, khung xng trong limonit. Tng t nh
arsenopyrit, c t nht 2 th h: th h I c dng tinh th ln, phn b ch yu trong cc mch thch
anh t sulphur; th h II kch thc nh hn v xm tn trong cc mch thch anh sulphur nh, i
cng arsenopyrit II v cc khong vt sulphur khc: galena, sphalerit v chalcopyrit.
5. Sphalerit (ZnS): Ch gp trong kiu khong ha vng-thch anh-sulphur, t ph bin hn
arsenopyrit v pyrit. Cng sinh vi galena di dng cc tp hp ht tha hnh, lp cc khong trng
gia cc ht thch anh hoc gia cc ht arsenopyrit, pyrit, kch thc < 1mm. Gp t emusi calcopyrit
trong mt s ht sphalerit (kin trc nh tng).
6. Galena (PbS): Ch c trong kiu khong ha vng-thch anh-sulphur, dng ht tha hnh
nm khong gia cc ht thch anh hoc arsenopyrit, pyrit. Cng sinh cht ch vi sphalerit nhng
thnh to mun hn (gm mn sphalerit), kch thc ht 1mm.
7. Chalcopyrit (CuFeS2): Rt t gp (hm lng khng ng k) v cng ch c trong kiu
khong ha vng-thch anh-sulphur di dng tm nh, tha hnh trong m ht arsenopyrit, pyrit hoc
emusi trong mt s ht sphalerit.
8. Scorodit: L sn phm th sinh ca qu trnh oxy ha arsenopyrit, c dng keo hoc bin
keo ca arsenat st ngm nc. Dng cu to i ng tm, dng cu, kin trc khung xng, gi hnh
theo arsenopyrit v cha cc tn d ca arsenopyrit. Gn mt t, t l scorodit kh ln 1020%, i
khi 80% ca arsenoipyrit. Trong scorodit, d gp cc ht vng t sinh phn b ri rc.
9. Chalcozin (Cu2S) v covelin (CuS): L sn phm th sinh v gi hnh t chalcopyrit.
10. Limonit: L sn phm bin i th sinh t cc sulphur cha st, gm: pyrit, arsenopyrit v
chalcopyrit. Kh ph bin trong qung gn mt t. Dng tp hp keo thnh m, hoc rim bao
quanh cc pyrit v i khi gi hnh theo pyrit. Tng t scorodit, gn mt t, limonit ha t pyrit kh
mnh, cng scorodit to tp hp limonit - scorodit vi t l ln (n 80%) so vi pyrit v arsenopyrit;
trong , d gp cc ht vng t sinh dng vy, tm, khng c hnh thi nht nh.
II.4. Thnh phn v c im khong vt phi qung
Thnh phn ch yu: thch anh; t n rt t: sericit, clorit, epidot v vt cht than.
1. Thch anh: L khong vt phi qung ph bin nht n >80% (i khi 99%) trong mch
qung. Phn ln l tp hp ht t na t hnh n tha hnh. Trong kiu khong ha vng-thch anh t
sulphur, thch anh chim >95%, nhiu ni gn 100% vi xm tn t pyrit, arsenopyritt. Trong kiu
khong ha vng-thch anh-sulphur, thch anh cng l thnh phn chnh, cha sulphur tp hp thnh
tng m xen k. Phn ln thch anh c mu trng sa, cha nhiu bao th. Trong cc cnh mch

qung, c nhiu mch nh khng qung,c kin trc tha hnh. Cc bao th trong thch anh l bao th
lng vi kh chim t 10 15% n 30 35% th tch bao th:
+ Bao th trong thch anh thuc t hp cng sinh khong vt (THCSKV) thch anh arsenopyrit - pyrit - vng t sinh (vng - thch anh t sulphur) l nhng bao th lng kh vi pha kh
chim 25%-45% th tch. Nhit ng ha 2500 3050C.
+ Bao th trong thch anh thuc THCSKV thch anhgalena sphalerit arsenopyrit electrum (vng thch anh sulphur a kim) l nhng bao th lng kh vi pha kh chim 15%30% th tch. Nhit ng ha 1950 2600C.
+ Bao th trong thch anh trong mch thch anh khng qung (xuyn ct thn qung) l
nhng bao th lng kh vi pha kh chim 10%-15% th tch. Nhit ng ha 1700- 2300C.
Phn tch bao th trong khong vt qung ca Trn Trng Ha v nnk, 2005: qung c lng
ng 340 1300C vi cc giai on to khong khc nhau tng i ph hp vi cc nghin cu
trn. Tuy nhin, theo kt qu ny, nhit giai on cui (khng qung) c th gim n 1300C [3].
2. Sericit: Dng vy nh, tp hp thnh m ch yu trong st, bt, ct kt b bin i cnh
mch; rt t gp trong mch thch anh sulphur - vng. L sn phm ca qu trnh sericit ha.
3. Clorit: t gp hn sericit; thng i cng sericit, l sn phm ca qu trnh clorit ha.
4. Epidot: C dng ht nh, kch thc <0,05mm; kh t hnh n tha hnh, tp hp dng tia
mch cng thch anh III trong cc mch thch anh khng qung (nh 6).
5. Vt cht than: Trong cc vy quanh, nht l phin st xm en c vt cht hu c. Do
, khi b bin i, cc i cnh mch v nht l phn ven ra mch qung, c anthraxolit v graphit
(do bin cht t vt cht hu c), phn b thnh mch, di lin tc song song theo mch thch anh.
II.5. Thnh phn v c im cc nguyn t qung
II.5.1. Hm lng Au, Ag, Cu, Pb v Zn
1. Au: Hm lng trung bnh (nung luyn) trong cc thn qung nh sau:
+ Cc thn qung thuc kiu khong ha vng thch anh t sulphur: hm lng Au rt thay
i, t 1 2g/T n 40 50g/T (cc thn qung giu Au: 1-3, 21, 34, 10-4) trong gn s thn
qung c hm lng trung bnh trong khong 1 3 g/T, a s t 3 7g/T.
- Cc thn qung thuc kiu khong ha vng-thch anh-sulphur hm lng Au thay i t 3
5 n 30 35g/T (thn qung: 5-1, 5-3, 21); a s cc thn qung c hm lng trung bnh t 5
15g/T - hm lng trung bnh tng i ng u v mc cao.
2. Ag,Cu,Pb, Zn: L nhng nguyn t i km vi Au, kt qu phn tch (quang ph hp th
nguyn t) cho thy c s khc bit v hm lng gia 2 kiu khong ha (Bng 1).
Bng 1. Hm lng trung bnh (ppm) cc nguyn t Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn [6]
1
2
3
4

Nguyn t
Ag
Cu
Pb
Zn

Thn qung vng-thch anh t sulphur

< 1 cao nht 1,90 (TQ.1)
10 - 29
10 50
10 - 50

Thn qung vng-thch anh-sulphur

50 100, cao nht 440 (TQ.9)
50 100, cao nht 304 ( TQ.5)
10.00020.000, cao nht 32.000 (TQ9)
50 100, cao nht 404 (TQ.9)

T bng 1, hm lng Au trong qung kh cao; cc thn qung vng-thch anh-sulphur c

hm lng trung bnh cao hn v u hn; cc nguyn t i km vi Au: Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn cng ch yu
phn b trong cc thn qung vng-thch anh-sulphur.
II.5.2. Dng tn ti ca vng v t l Au/Au+Ag
1. Khong vt: Vng tn ti di dng: vng t sinh v electrum. Kt qu phn tch
microsonde cho thy, thnh phn ha hc ca vng v electrum [8] nh sau (Bng 2).
Theo bng 2, t l Au/(Au+Ag) l tui vng, phn nh cc ht vng c 2 th h:
+ Tui 7,2 n 9,9 (0,72-0,99) tng ng vi th h I vng t sinh;
+ Tui 4,6 n 4,8 (0,46-0,48) tng ng th h II electrum.
Kt qu phn tch 34 mu ht vng, cng cho thy r c 2 khong tui nht nh:

+ Tui 92,92 n 99,58 (10 mu): tng ng vi th h I vng t sinh;

+ Tui 51,20 n 72,55 (24 mu): tng ng th h II electrum.
2. Nguyn t: Hm lng Au trong n khong arsenopyrit kh cao: phn tch 02 mu (phn
tch quang ph hp th nguyn t) l 0,2g/T v 8g/T Au. Cc kt qu phn tch khc [2] cho nhiu
khong vt cng cho thy iu ny (Bng 3).
Bng 2. Tng hp hm lng Au v Ag trong cc thn qung m Tr Nng
(Theo Nguyn Vn Nghin, 2005) [8]
S hiu mu
14-1

Au (%)
46,463
44,375
46,193
46,874
80,174
73,632
76,100
75,827
76,286
76,573
74,944
75,080
72,042
73,179
77,027
75,783

Au-2
Au-3
Au-4
Au-5
Au-2
Au-3
Au-3a
Au-1
Au-4
Au-5
Au-1
Au-2
1-Au-1
2-Au-1
4-Au-1
5-Au-1

14-2
15-1
15-2

16-1
03-1

Ag (%)
49,413
50,677
51,162
54,026
0,302
25,518
23,497
22,720
22,864
22,356
25,463
24,193
27,958
26,821
22,973
24,217

Tng
95,876
95,052
97,355
100,90
80,476
99,150
99,597
98,796
99,282
98,929
100,407
99,273
100,000
100,000
100,000
100,000

Au/(Au+Ag)
0,48
0,47
0,47
0,46
0,99
0,74
0,76
0,77
0,77
0,77
0,75
0,76
0,72
0,73
0,77
0,76

Bng 3. Hm lng (ppm) cc nguyn t qung trong khong vt qung m Tr Nng

(Theo Trn Trng Ha v nnk, 2005 [3])
Khong vt qung
Arsenopyrit
Pyrit, galena
Pyrit, galena, sphalerit
Galena

Au

Ag

Cu

Pb

Zn

Cd

Sb

As

Bi

Te

0,21

1,5

210

105

63

370

>10%

55

5,5 0,1 1,2

0,08

1,7

140

180

48

11

230

>10%

23

1,1 0,5 0,8

1,8

310

330 >10%

0,8

36

510

1,3%

410

3,8 2,2 2,5

1,6

615

330 >10%

0,35%

22

850

0,55%

660

8,7 3,1 6,5

0,9

340

250 >10%

>10%

360 470

0,11%

340

4,4 2,4 1,7

0,75 1270 120 >10%

0,1%

45 2310

810

540

87

0,13

31

3,6 1,0 0,5

86

0,22% >10%

Se

Mo

2780 7,9 1,3 1,3

Sphalerit

1,05

120

Mu qung

0,1

4,3

0,09 <0,01

0,02

14

11

28

12

0,2

9,4

Mu qung

0,1

4,4

0,03 <0,01

<0,01

8,8

14

35

7,4

0,2

3,1

(Phn tch: Vin a vt la cht- Khong vt hc Novossibirsk, CHLB Nga, 2000)

Cc kt qu phn tch trn cho thy, qung ha y c trng c hm lng cao As, Sb, Bi;
c bit, Ag rt cao khi c galena v nht l ring vi galena.
iu ny th hin c 2 t hp cng sinh khong vt lin quan cht ch: vng t sinh pyrit
arsenopyrit v electrum galena sphalerit chalcopyrit. Ngoi ra, cng th hin cc nguyn t As,
Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn cng c mi lin quan cht ch vi Au.
III. TRIN VNG KHANG HA VNG
III.1. Kiu m khang

Trong ni dung bi bo ny, dng thut ng kiu m khong (kiu m - deposit type): Kiu
m khong l tp hp t nhin cc m khong v cc biu hin khong sn ging nhau v thnh phn
khong vt, hon cnh a cht thnh to v nhng nhn t c trng nh: hnh thi thn qung, bin
i nhit dch, v quan h ngun gc v khng gian vi cc thnh to a cht nht nh [2]. Cn kiu
khong l mt phn ca kiu m, c t hp cng sinh khong vt nht nh, c sinh thnh trong
iu kin a cht v ha l tng i bnh n. y, khang ha l cc mch, h mch thch anh
sulphur c 2 t hp cng sinh khong vt qung chnh c vng: 1) thch anh arsenopyrit pyrit
vng t sinh; 2) thch anh pyrit galena sphalerit chalcopyrit - electrum. Nh vy, khong ha
vng c ngun gc nhit dch, lin quan vi hat ng magma xm nhp c th xp vo kiu m
khong: vng thch anh sulphur dng mch, vi 2 kiu khong: 1) vng-thch anh pyrit arsenopyrit (chnh) v 2) vng thch anh sulphur a kim (ph).
III.2. iu kin hnh thnh v mi lin quan vi hot ng magma
So snh theo phn loi thnh h qung vng theo su ca N. Petrovxkaia, Yu. Xafonov, X.
Ser (1976), khong ha thuc loi sulphur va vi kiu a ha: AuFe (pyrit)-As (arsenopyrit) v
Aua kim (Pb-Zn-Cu) thnh to gia i su va (1,52,5km cch mt t) v i su (>3km).
III.2.1. Cc giai an to khang
Theo kt qu nghin cu, tin trnh to khang vng nhit dch m Tr Nng c th phn chia
thnh 3 giai an to khong nh sau (Bng 4).
- Thch anh-pyrit-arsenopyrit-vng (3052500C): Pht trin kh mnh, to cc mch thch anh
c t sulphur v vng t sinh, xuyn ct chnh hp theo mt phn lp trm tch vy quanh theo cc
khe nt, t gy ch yu phng ng Bc-Ty Nam. y l giai an to sn phm chnh.
- Thch anh-arsenopyrit-galena-sphalerit-electrum (260-1950C): Cc khe nt tch c tip
tc m ra trn cc thn qung hnh thnh nu trn. y cng l giai an to sn phm nhng th
yu, khong vt cha vng l electrum.
- Thch anh ((230 - 1300C): Cng hat ng kin to yu i so vi cc giai an trc,
hnh thnh cc mch thch anh nh, c t epidot, clorit v sericit (khng qung) ch yu 230 - 1700C
v tip tc gim n 1300C (c th c t calcit ? [3]).
Ngoi ra, trc cc giai on trn, c th c hot ng nhit dch trc to qung, lng ng
cc thch anh khng qung c hnh thnh nhit 3400C [3].
III.2.2. Mi lin quan khang ha vi hot ng magma
- V khng gian: Cc magma trong vng gm cc phun tro h tng n Dng v granit
phc h o C. Chng phn b xa cc thn qung v khng th hin mi quan h ngun gc vi
khong ha vng. Khong ha vng lin quan ngun gc vi magma xm nhp cn n bn di?.
- V a ha qung: Cc thn qung vng c thnh phn nguyn t qung ph hp vi kiu m
mesothemal (theo Lingrend, 1933), thnh to su 1.200 4.500m, nhit 200 3000C, phn b
bn trong hoc gn cc khi granitoid. Kiu m khong vng y c tnh tng t vng Sui Linh
Sng M - c lin quan ngun gc vi granitoid kiu I phc h nh Qun (pha 2) [5]. Nh vy,
khong ha vng vng Tr Nng cng c lin quan ngun gc vi granitoid phc h nh Qun ( ?).
- Tui khong ha vng: Theo kt qu phn tch tui ng v Ar-Ar t sericit trong cc mch
thch anh sulphur vng ca Trn Trng Ha v nnk (2005) [3], tui khong ha vng l 129,3
5,6 tr.n. iu ny chng t rng, khong ha vng Tr Nng c thnh to kh sm trong Mesozoi
mun, gn gi v thi gian thnh to ca granitoid phc h nh Qun hn so vi cc thnh to
magma xm nhp khc vo Mesozoi mun nh phc h Ankroet hay phc h o C.
- Nhit thnh to khong ha vng: Vi cc giai on to khong nu trn, khang ha vng
c ngun gc nhit dch nhit trung bnh n trung bnh - thp, ch yu 1953050C.
Vi cc c im trn v theo nghin cu chung trn i Lt [2, 4, 5], kiu khong ha
vng m Tr Nng c ngun gc nhit trung bnh n trung bnh thp (1952600C) lin quan hot
ng granitoid vi kim (pha 2) phc h nh Qun (?).
III.3. Trin vng
III.3.1. Tin v du hiu tm kim
1/ Tin tm kim
6

- a tng v tng : vy quanh thn qung l: ct kt, bt kt (tp 1) v bt kt, st kt

(tp 2) thuc h tng La Ng. y l cc c trc magma sinh qung v qung vng, c din phn
b rng nn thun li hn so vi cc thnh to a cht khc. Ngoi ra, do st kt, st bt kt c tnh
do cao hn v c tnh thm thu thp hn ct kt, ct bt kt nn trong chng thng ph bin cc
thn qung thch anh sulphur vng dng mch ch yu xuyn ct chnh hp. Nh vy, trong chng
mc no , c th ni rng, st bt kt, st kt y ng vai tr mn chn thun li hn cho s
tp trung qung ha vng so vi cc ct kt, bt kt cng h tng.
- Cu trc kin to: Cc thn qung thng phn b phn vm cc np un - ni pht trin
cc h thng t gy - khe nt tch, i dp v theo phng ng BcTy Nam, thun li cho tp
trung khong ha. H thng t gy phng Ty Bc-ng Nam tuy phn ct v lm dch chuyn cc
thn qung nh quy m nh, khng ph hy qung.
2/ Du hiu tm kim
- Bin i hu magma cnh mch: ph bin berezit ha, thch anh ha, sericit ha, clorit ha.
- Trng sa: Tp trung thnh thn vng sa khong c hm lng cao v quy m rng. Trng sa
sn 2028 mu, t t l c vng l 12,23%, khoanh nh 6 vnh phn tn vi hm lng 1 31
ht/20dm3 phn b kha tp trung trn din tch cc thn qung gc. Nh vy, y l du hiu th hin
kh nng xut hin vng gc kh cao.
- a ha: Trn c s nghin cu a ha qung trn mt (ho, ging su 020m) v di su
(l khoan su 7090m) trn mt s thn qung xuyn ct trm tch h tng La Ng, c im a
ha nguyn sinh mt s nguyn t ch th vng nh sau (Bng 4, Hnh 1).
Vi cc c im trn, dy phn i nguyn t ch th chung cho ton m theo S.V.Grigorian:
(Ag, Au)-Ag-PbCuZn-W-Ni-Sn. Dy phn i ny c tp hp ch yu cc nguyn t ch th cho
phn gia qung v di qung, ch yu cao As, Ag v Pb; vng mt Sb, i khi c Bi (c th vng
Hg ?, khng phn tch). Trong khi , cc nguyn t th sinh trong lp ph b ri c d thng cao
ca Sb v yu ca Ag v Pb; vng mt ca Cu v Sn.
Nh vy, vi mc bc mn a cht v a ha hin nay, mc bc mn qung trn mt
c nh gi: t phn di n gia qung tr xung. Do c s bc mn nht nh, to nn cc
tch t vng sa khong c quy m rng vi hm lng cao.
- a vt l: Th hin nhiu d thng in trng thin nhin, in tr sut v phn cc kch
thch thng c trc lin kt ko di khong 100 200m phn nh cc mch thch anh sulphur cng
theo phng ng Bc Ty Nam v v tuyn, trng phng cc mch thch anh - sulphur - vng.
iu ny th hin cn tn ti cc thn qung di su.
Bng 4: c im a ha nguyn sinh mt s nguyn t ch th qung vng theo su
c im cc vnh nguyn t
t trn xung
1
Thn Ag, Pb, As phn ln b thu
qung 1 hp hay bin mt; Cu, Sn,
Ni pht trin mnh v xut
hin W.
2
Thn Hm lng trung bnh v
qung 9 cc i ca Au, Ag cao
(Hnh 1) trn mt v gim di su
3
i Hm lng trung bnh v cc
mch 4 i ca Au, Ag khng cao
trn mt v gim r di su
V tr

Bin i lng sut cc Phn i nguyn t ch

nguyn t t trn xung th theo S.V.Grigorian*
Cha r: Quanh tng
Ag rt thp; As, Pb
i mch nh c thnh
gim r theo su;
phn v c im khc
Cu, Ni, Sn, W tng
nhau a ha khc nhau
Au, Ag, Cu gim; Pb (Ag, Au)-PbCu Zn
tng i phong ha,
gim gc; Zn tng

Mc bc
mn trn mt
Di qung

Gia qung

Ag cao; As gim; Cu, Ag-As-Pb-Cu-Zn-WGia qung,

Pb, Sn, Ni tng
Ni-Sn
Phn trn

* T tri qua phi tng tng kh nng tch t phn di qung.

3/ Cc yu t khc:
- Kiu khong ha: Thuc kiu m vngthch anh-sulphur dng mch, c ngun gc nhit
dch nhit trung bnh n trung bnh thp (1952600C) vi 2 kiu khong: vng - thch anh
pyrit arsenopyrit v vng - thch anh - sulphur a kim. y l kiu m khong c trin vng min
Nam Vit Nam ni chung v i Lt ni ring quy m nh n va. So vi im vng Sui Linh
7

[5] c cng kiu m v kiu khong nhng kiu khong chnh l vng-thch anhpyritarsenopyrit v
phn b ch yu trong cc trm tch (xa khi magma lin quan ngun gc).
III.3.2. Trin vng
Trn c s cc tin v du hiu tm kim thun li, c th nhn thy m vng gc Tr Nng:
- C cu trc a cht thun li: xuyn ct chnh hp trong ct kt, bt kt c cu trc dng
vm ca np un (np li), phn trn l mn chn bt kt, st kt.
- Thn qung c dng mch, h mch theo phng ch yu ng bc ty nam (kiu khong
ha thch anh vng t sulphur) v th yu theo phng v tuyn v kinh tuyn (kiu khong ha
thch anh vng sulphur) kiu khe nt dng lng chim km h thng chnh, th hin hot ng
kin to ng to qung mnh m vi nhiu giai on to khong.
- pht hin n 88 thn qung, thn khong vng gc c hm lng Au t gi tr cng
nghip (1,1 50g/T); ti liu a vt l cng gp phn khng nh c nhiu thn qung gc ny.
- Thuc kiu m khong vi 2 kiu khong c trin vng nht i Lt.
- Phn b cn xa v tr khi granitoid m thuc phc h nh Qun, th hin mc bc
mn a cht b mt cha cao.
- C mc bc mn a ha hin nay: t phn di n phn gia qung.
- Vi kt qu tm kim, nh gi, tnh ti nguyn d bo cho 11 thn qung trong s 88
thn qung, thn khong ha cp P2 (tng ng cp 334b) l 9.237 kg Au v 10.559 kg Ag [6]
cho thy m vng gc Tr Nng c tim nng ln.
Vi cc c im trn, khong sn vng gc Tr Nng rt c trin vng, t quy m m va.
MINERALIZED CHARACTERISTICS AND PROSPECTS
OF TRA NANG INITIAL GOLD DEPOSIT IN LAM DONG PROVINCE
Nguyen Kim Hoang1, Nguyen Van Mai2
1
University of Science, Hochiminh City National University, 2South Vietnam Geological Mapping Division,
ABSTRACT: Tra Nang initial gold deposit is situated in Tra Nang ore region, SE Da Lat zone. The
geological structure is composed gold ore bodies, which are mainly consist of siltstone, shale
alternating little grey, dark grey layers of sandstone and are classified as La Nga formation (J2ln).
These rocks were folded with the fold axis to the NE - SW direction. Gold ore bodies were formed in
veins, sheeted-veins, network-veins, vein-zones; sometimes: shoots, nests. The dip direction of ore
bodies are southeast or northwest with angle of dip are 60o 80o, that approximates same to bedding
surfaces of host rocks. Ore texture mainly are dissemination, veinlet. The mineral associations are
mainly presented by pyrite, arsenopyrite; secondary galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, occupying 10
15%. Gold exist as native gold, and electrum. Gold in the ore bodies are distributed not equally with
content of Au element from 0.5 g/T to 100.5 g/T. The gold metallization genesis is between medium
and low-medium temperature hydrothermal, (1952600C). The gold deposit type is vein-shaped goldquartz - sulphide; mineral types are: gold - quart pyrite arsenopyrite (main) and gold - quartz polymetallic sulphide (secondary). Initial gold deposit had denuded from middle zone to lower zone of
the gold ore. The size of initial gold deposit is medium.
Key words: Tra Nang, gold deposit, gold mine, gold mineralization, gold ore deposit type.
VN LIU THAM KHO
[1]- Bache J.J. Cc m vng trn th gii. Chng VI: cc m vng thuc nhm ni la. B nghin
cu a cht v Khong sn Php xut bn. Bn dch ting Vit. Vin Thng tin T liu M v a
cht-H Ni (1979).
[2]- Nguyn Xun Bao (ch nhim) v nnk. Bo co kt qu nghin cu kin to v sinh khang Nam
Vit Nam t l 1:500.000. Lu tr Lin on BCMN Tp.HCM. (2000).
[3]- Trn Trng Ha (ch nhim) v nnk. Nghin cu iu kin thnh to v quy lut phn b khang
sn qu him lin quan n hat ng magma khu vc Min Trung v Ty Nguyn. Lu tr Vin
a cht. Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh. H Ni (2005).

[4]- Nguyn Kim Hang v Trn Ph Hng. Cc kiu m khong vng nhit dch i Lt. Tuyn
tp Bo co v Tham lun Hi tho Khoa hc: Cng tc nghin cu c bn trong lnh vc cc
khoa hc v Tri t cc tnh pha Nam. i hc Quc gia Tp.HCM (2006).
[5]- Nguyn Kim Hong. c im khong ha vng khu vc Sui LinhSng M v trin vng.
Tp ch Pht trin Khoa hc & Cng ngh. Tp 12. S 10/2009. i hc Quc gia Tp. HCM (2009).
[6]- Nguyn Vn Mi. Bo co kt qu cng tc tm kim vng vng Tr Nng - Lm ng. Lu tr
Lin on BCMN Tp.HCM (1994).
[7]-Richards Jeremy P. Alkalic - type epithermal gold deposits - A review. Trch Magma, fluids, and
Ore Deposits (Editor: J.F.H. Thomson) (1995).
[8]- Nguyn Vn Nghin v nnk. Bo co thm d vng gc khu vc Tr Nng, thuc x T Nng,
huyn c Trng, tnh Lm ng. Lu tr a cht (2005).
[9]- Nguyn Tng Tri v nnk. Sinh khong i Lt. Tp ch a la chtMi trng s 1 (1991).
Bng 4: S tin trnh to khong vng m Tr Nng
THI K
Giai on
Khong vt

NHIT DCH
Thch anharsenopyritThch anh pyrit
galena sphaleritarsenopyrit - vng arsenopyrit- electrum

NGOI SINH
Thch anh

Limonit - vng
(vng biu sinh)

Thch anh
Pyrit
Arsenopyrit
Vng t sinh
Galena
Sphalerit
Chalcopyrit
Electrum
Sericit
Clorit
Epidot
Covenlin
Chalcozin
Limonit
Scorodit
Bin i
Berezit ha, clorit ha, Clorit ha, sericit ha, Thch anh ha, clorit
Oxy ha
vy quanh
sericit ha, thch anh ha
thch anh ha
ha, sericit ha
Nhit thnh to
305 250 0C
260-195 0C
230-170 0C
Nguyn t
Si, S, Fe, As, Au, Si, S (Fe, As, Cu,
Si (Ca)
Fe, O, H (As)
ha hc chnh
(Ag)
Pb, Zn, Au, Ag)
Ht na t hnh,
Ht t hnh, na t
Keo, n tinh,
Ht tha hnh,
Kin trc
tha hnh
hnh, khung xng
tn d
Xm tn,
Xm tn,
Cu to
Mch
Bin keo, t ong
mch, di,
mch, di,

Sulphur b oxy ha
sulphur

Bt kt

q-s-au

nh 1: Mch thch anh-sulphur-vng (q-s-au) dy

0,8m xuyn ct chnh hp ct-bt kt vi gc dc 450
(nh chp theo ng phng ti l s 4).
nh chp ngoi thc a,

thch anh

nh 2: Sulphur ch yu arseopyrit, pyrit (i cng vng

t sinh) phn b gia mch (a) cn ti hay ven ra
mch thch anh (b) d b phong ha, li l hng.
Mu cc thch anh-sulphur-vng : TN 2

4 cm

3 cm

Vng t sinh

2 cm
Sulphur b
phong ha

Thch anh

nh 3: arsenopyrit I t hnh (a) trong thch anh I v

khung xng, tn d, b thch anh II xuyn ct.
Mu khong tng: TN.TQ2; 10x4, 1N

nh 4: Vng t sinh xm tn khng u trong mch

thch anh (c t sulphur b phong ha).
Mu cc thch anhsulphurvng t sinh: TN.TQ12

QIII

50 m

nh 5: Electrum (mu trng) dng ht tha hnh trong

cc sulphur b oxy ha thnh hydroxyt st (mu xm).
Mu chp bng knh hin vi in t TN 2192-1

1 cm

epi

QI

nh 6: Tia mch thch anh III (QIII) - epidot (epi)

xuyn ct Thch anh I sulphur vng t sinh.
Mu lt mng TN.TQ9; 10x5; 2N

10

H.17

LK2

1- Ho; 2- L khoan; 3- im ly mu v s hiu; 4- Bt kt; 5- Ct kt 6- Mch qung. 7 9- Hm lng vnh nguyn sinh (M.10-3 %)
7- Ag 0,03; Pb.As 10; Cu.Ni 5, W 10. 8- Ag 0,05; Pb 30; As 100; Cu.Sr.Ni 10; W 20. 9- Ag 0,1; Pb 100; As 200; Cu.Sn.Ni 20; W 30.

Hnh 1: S vnh a ha nguyn sinh mt s nguyn t ch th qung vng Khu K70 m Tr Nng

11

12