Table of Contents

Undertaking........................................................................................................................... 2

Acknowledgement.................................................................................................................3

Abstract..................................................................................................................................4

Internship Traning Schedule of DG cement ..........................................................................5

The cement Industry in Pakistan..............................................................................................6

Location of D.G....................................................................................................................7

Raw Mill................................................................................................................................8

Types of Raw Mill...................................................................................................................9

Attached Equipments.10

Kiln ..11

Attched Equpment..12

Ball Mill. 13

Process Controll.. 14

Power House

15

HT Pannel ... ..16

Main Distribution board.17

Motor Control Using18

Procedure Of Raw Material ..19

Instruments..20

Metal Detactor.21

Load Cell ..22

Pt 100 Sensor..23

Types of Sensors.24

Operation of Sensor.................................................................................................................. 25

Chapter 1 Introduction of TPS Muzaffer Garh........................................................................26

1.2 Capacity..........................................................................................................................27

1.3 Phase I............................................................................................................................ 28

1.4 Main Building.................................................................................................................29

Chapter 2 , 2.1 The Ory Related to Internship............................................................................... 30

2.2 Turbine Section.............................................................................................................. 31

2.2.1.2 Steam turbine.............................................................................................................32

2.2.1.3 Principle of Operation................................................................................................33

2.3 Types of Boiler Section.................................................................................................. 34

Drum
.............................................................................................................................................
35

2.3.2 Working Of Boiler

.............................................................................................................................................
36

2.4 Steam..............................................................................................................................37

2.5 Condenser & Types38

Air cooled............................................................................................................................. 39

2.6 Genrator Section............................................................................................................. 40

2.7 Alterntor............................................................................................................................ 41

2.8 Transformer....................................................................................................................... 42

Basic Principle of T/F:.......................................................................................................... 43

3.1 Organization Structure

.............................................................................................................................................
44

Socail Benifits
.............................................................................................................................................
45

3.2 Departments....................................................................................................................46

3.2.2 Electrical Department....................................................................................................47

Transformer Winding............................................................................................................48

3.2.3 Control Room...............................................................................................................49

Control Room .................................................................................................................. 50

3.2 .4 Mentnence Department.............................................................................................. 51

3.2.5 Chemical Department................................................................................................. 52

Chapter No 4.................................................................................................................... 53

4.3 Steam Drum................................................................................................................ 54

Turbine...55

Types Of Turbine...56

Steam Turbine57

Types of Steam Turbine58

4.4.3 Stages59

4.4.3.1 HP Turbine............................................................................................................. 60

4.4.3.2 IP Turbine.............................................................................................................. 60

4.4.3.3 LP Turbine............................................................................................................. 60

4.4.4 Nozzles and Blades.................................................................................................... 61

4.4.5 Turbine Protection...................................................................................................... 62

4.5 Cooling Tower.............................................................................................................63

4.6 Condenser....................................................................................................................64

4.7 Condensate Pump.........................................................................................................65

4.8 Dearator.......................................................................................................................65

4.9 Feed Water Heater........................................................................................................66

4.10 Super Heater..............................................................................................................67

4.11 FD/ ID Fan.................................................................................................................68

4.12 Combustion................................................................................................................69

4.13 Economizers..............................................................................................................70

4.14 Striling Engine...........................................................................................................70

4.15 Flue Gas Stack...........................................................................................................71

4.16 Electric Generators.....................................................................................................73

4.16.1 Terminology............................................................................................................ 73

Terminology...74

How Generator Work.................................................................................................................................75

4.16.2 Types of Generators.................................................................................................. 76

4.16.2.1 Direct Current Generators....................................................................................... 76

4.16.2.2 Alternating Current Generators................................................................................ 77

4.16.3 Self-excitation:........................................................................................................... 78

4.16.4 Generator Cooling.................................................................................................... 79

4.16.5 Generator Protection................................................................................................. 79

4.16.5.1 Types of Generator Protection..................................................................................80

Protection Types....81

Table...82

4.17 Transformer...............................................................................................................83

4.17.1 Basic principle......................................................................................................... 84

4.17.1.1 Ideal transformer................................................................................................... 84

4.17.1.2 Real transformer.................................................................................................... 85

4.17.2 Use of Power Transformer......................................................................................... 86

4.17.3 Types of Transformer................................................................................................ 87

4.17.3.1 Step up Transformer & Step down Transformer.......................................................... 87

4.17.3.2 Three phase Transformer & Single Phase................................................................... 87

4.17.4 Leakage flux........................................................................................................... 88

4.17.5 Energy losses.......................................................................................................... 89

4.17.5.2 Hysteresis losses.................................................................................................... 89

4.17.5.3 Eddy current losses................................................................................................ 90

4.17.6 Cooling of Transformer............................................................................................. 90

Colling T/F.91

4.17.7 Bushings................................................................................................................. 92

4.17.8 Applications............................................................................................................ 92

4.17.9 Transformer Protection.............................................................................................. 93

4.17.9.1 Stresses generated by the supply............................................................................... 93

4.17.9.2 Stresses due to the load........................................................................................... 94

4.17.9.3 Internal faults in oil filled transformers...................................................................... 95

4.18 Transmission Substation.............................................................................................96

4.18.1 Functions of a Substation........................................................................................... 96

4.18.2 Substation equipments.............................................................................................. 97

4.18.2.1 Insulators............................................................................................................. 97

4.18.2.2 Bus Bars 98

4.18.2.3 Isolator switch....................................................................................................... 99

.18.2.4 Lightening Arresters ..100

4.18.2.5 Relays. ...101

4.18.2.6 Circuit Breakers. 102

4.18.2.7 Capacitor banks..103

4.19 Transmission lines.104

4.19.1 Overhead Transmission.105

4.19.2 Underground Transmission..106

4.19.3 Comparison..107

4.20 Distribution. 109

Conclusion ...110

Future Recommendations.....111

References....112