YOUR ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO UNDERSTANDING AND SPEAKING NORWEGIAN — FAST! Hugo's world-renowned method is designed | to give you a full working knowledge of Norwegian in double-quick time eee eee eee eee (Mode sentences, hey pres and word eaters © Short eet ted on rai acing = reinforce what youve eat REMMI © Conversation dis help you practise your wl speaking skills © Pronunciation is made easy with Hugo’ unique “imitated pronunciation” system, ‘which represents Norwegian sounds with English syllables (© Includes amin bilingual dictionary Make learning even easier and more fun - ask your bookseller for Hugo’ Norwegian in Three Months Cassette Course, which ‘comes with four audio cassettes as well as this book: DK bomine vpenstey | £5.95 aliaHugo’s Simplified System Norwegian in Three Months @ivind Blom Hugo's Language Books wwwdlecom(24) ADORLING KINDERSLEY BOOK worw.dkcom ‘This ewe and enlarged tin puoi ret Brain iso Hug’ angge Be Suinprt of Boring Kerley Lins, Feta Set Landon WC3E FS Copyright 198 197 © Dorng Kindersley I pausioo758 ‘ipa ered No part of i pubieation maybe spice seeed acricralaynen. or anand Pi eee ea ces renee oi, Fhotcopyng madngorelherie wits! be Por ee caer cnet ome ACIP catalogue record is available from the British Library ISBN 0 85285 343 2 ‘Norwegian in Three Months is also available in ‘a pack with four cassettes, ISBN 0 85285 344 0 Witten by, @ivind Blom MA (Oslo) ‘Set in 10/12pt Palatino by Paul Williams @ Spirit Level Printed and bound by LegoPrint, Italy Preface This new and enlarged edition of the Hugo course [Norwegian in Three Months is designed for people who want to acquire a good working knowledge of the language ina short time, and who will probably be working at home with- out a teacher. The Three Months series asa whole is renowned for its success in self-tuition, with some titles proving to be equally useful in supporting teacher-led. classes; this book is no exception. It provides a complete ‘course in written and conversational Norwegian, ‘The author, Givind Blom, has had many years’ experience in teaching his native language, both in school and via correspondence courses, and in the preparation of self tuition texts. He was also a co-editor of a 3-volume study cof Norwegian, Our Own Language, published in 1987 by H. Aschehoug & Co. in Oslo. The book begins with an explanation of Norwegian pronunciation, as far as this is possible in print. If you are working without teacher, you will ind that our system of “imitated pronunciation’ simplifies matters considerably. Using this book together with the related audio cassettes ‘which we have produced as optional extras will add another dimension to your studies. Ask your bookseller for Hugo's Norwegian in Three Months Casselte Course. Ithas always been a principle of the Hugo method to teach only what is really essential. We assume that the student wants to learn Norwegian from a practical angle; the chapters contain those rules of grammar that will be of most help in this respect. Constructions are clearly explained, and the order in which everything is presented takes into considera- tion the need for rapiel progress. Each chapter includes plenty of exercises, and the vocabulary used is both practical and up-to-date (see the Introduction for notes concerning.‘modem Norwegian). Often, in addition to testing a ‘grammatical point, an exercise will cover a particular topic, for example: Exercise 34 weather, Exercise 39 booking a hotel, room, Exercise 54 holidays. The conversational drills which round off each chapter introduce colloquial and idiomatic ‘tums of speech as well as constructions already explained, Ideally, you should spend about an hour a day on your ‘work (slightly less, maybe, if you do not use the audio cassettes) although there is no hard and fast rule on this. Do as much as you feel capable of doing: if you have no special aptitude for language-learning, there is no point in {forcing yourself beyond your daily capacity to assimilate new material. It is much better to learn a little ata time, and to lear that thoroughly. ‘Before beginning a new section or chapter, always spend ten minutes revising what you learnt the day before. When studying the chapters, first read each rule or numbered section carefully and re-read it to ensure that you have fully understood the grammar, then translate the following ‘exercise(s) by writing down the answers. Check these by referring to the Key at the back of the book; if you have | ‘made too many mistakes, go back over the instruction before attempting the same questions again. After you have listened to the Conversations, read them aloud and see how closely. you can imitate the voices on the recording. When the course is completed, you should have a good understanding of the language ~_more than sufficient for general holiday or business purposes, and enough to lead quickly into an examination syllabus if this is your eventual aim. Remember that itis important to continue expanding. your vocabulary through reading, listening to the radio and, best of all, through visiting the country. We hope you will enjoy Norwegian in Three Months, and we wish you success with your studies. Contents Introduction 7 Pronunciation 8 Chapter 1 v7 “Articles and nouns Plural of nouns Subject pronouns Avvare (tobe!) and dha Co have’ Vocabulary, exercises ‘conversation Chapter 2 29 ‘The genitive Adjectives “Article used with adjectives Infinitive and present tense Questions and answers Vocabulary exercises ‘& conversation Chapter 3 43 “The imperative More about questions ‘More about negatives Demonstatives The numbers 100 ocabulary, exercises ‘conversation Chapter 4 56 Possessive adjectives Possessive More about adjectives Comparison of adjectives, Object forms ofthe personal eons Vocabulary exercises “conversation Chapter 5 2 The pst tense of weak verbs ‘The past tense of strong verbs Adverbs ‘Word order ‘Ordinal numbers Vocabulary exercises conversation Chapter 6 87 ‘The part participle ‘The perfect tense Rehearsing the verb ‘More irregular verbs ‘Comparison of adverbs More about zdverbs Seasons ‘Months and dates Vocabulary exercises conversion Chapter 7 103 ‘The pluperfet Verbs conjugate with are Prepositions Deter (theres) Indefinite pronouns More about rumbers The weather Vocabulary exercises conversetion Chapter 8 ms ‘The future texse Reflexive verbs ‘The relative pronoun ‘More about omparison Co-ondinating conjunctions Vocabulary, exercises conversation.Chapter 9 129 More about conjunctions More about word order The conditional tense More about ‘if lauses hat’ clauses Countries and nationalities Tand pi with geographical Vocabulary exercises conversation Chapter 10 146 The passive voice ‘Active verbs with a passive ‘orm ‘The present participle Compound words More about and pat ‘These of om Vocabulary, exercises conversation Chapter 11 161 ‘More expressions of time Ford (inorder to’) ‘More about det Det asa preliminary subject ‘The verbs ligge site stl Chapter 12 171 Moré about prepsitions The past parciple used 35, anadjective Colloquial speech Greetings and congratulations Vocabulary, exercises ‘conversation Key to exercises 186 Appendix 198 Nepean peling Mini-dictionary 200 English-Norwesian [Norwegian English Index 230 Introduction The language situation in Norway Norway has two official written languages. But so has Belgium — and Switzerland even has fou. However, their languages belong to different nationalities, namely Dutch and French in Belgium, and German, French, Italian and Rhaeto- Romanic in Switzerland. What makes the language situation in Norway so special is that this country has two written languages which are both Norwegian: Bokmal (Book Standard) and Nynorsk (New Norwegian). But this does not ‘mean that the English student has to learn both languages: first of all, because the differences between the two are not very significant, even if they are vital to the adherents on both, sides, and secondly because, with an adequate knowledge of Bokmal, you will be able to understand what the great majority of Norwegians say ~and you will be understood by people throughout the country. In addition to this most newspapers. and three quarters of all programmes on the NRK (Norwegian, Broadcasting Corporation) accord with the Bokmal standard, and more than 80% of the pupils in Norwegian schools have Bokmal as their main language. It should be nated, however, that the official Bokmal orthography offers some freedom of choice between different spellings of the same word. This is, ‘not as confusing as it may sound. In most cases there isa choice between one traditional or ‘moderate’ norm and one ‘radical’ norm (more like the Nynorsk norm). The language of this course For the English student there is no need to bother about Sifferent norms or standards of Norwegian, In this course we have chosen a moderate Bokmal norm acceptable to most Norwegians. Only in a few cases have we included alterna- tive forms used in colloquial Norwegian and in the media,Pronunciation ‘The pronunciation and intonation of the Norwegian language are rather different from English, In this course ‘we have simplified things for you by using Hugo's system Of imitated prontanciation in the early chapters. By means of this, you will be able to acquire a pronunciation which is accurate enough to make yourself understood. Naturally, if, you wish to hear and learn perfect pronunciation, you should use the cassette recordings which we have produced to accompany the course, These will allow you to hear the ‘words and phrases as you follow then in the book. ‘Whether you use the tape recordings or not, you should read through the following rules and advice on Norwegian pronunciation. But there is no need to learn the rules by ‘heart; just return to them at frequent intervals, and you will ‘soon become familiar with them. Although Norwegian spelling may seem complicated, itis more regular than that of English, so you can generaly tell from the written form of ‘a word how it is pronounced. Some guidelines on Norwegian spelling are given in the Appendix. In the meantime, you can start at Chapter 1 and rely on our imitated pronunciation. But note that there is hardly a single sound in English that corresponds exactly to any sound in Norwegian. So try right from the stat to get as close as ‘possible to the Norwegian sounds as they are described on the following pages. Short and long vowels and consonants In Norwegian both vowels and consonants can be either short or long. All stressed syllables (see page 14) must ‘contain either a long vowel sound ora long consonant sound. According to the general spelling rule, a long vowel is usually followed by a short (single) consonant: tak ‘ceiling’, and a short vowel by a long consonant (double letter or combination of two or more letters): takk ‘thanks’, bank ‘bank’. A stressed final vowel is always long: se ‘see. English speakers tend to turn the long vowels into diph- ‘thongs, because this is what usually happens in English (ea. in ‘boat’, ‘say’. Resist the temptation to do this! The imitated pronunciation In the first five chapters of this course, at the end of each section where new words are introduced, the imitated pronunciation is given, showing how the Norwegian words are pronounced. As far as possible, the pronunciation of the Norwegian is rendered as if each syllable formed part of an English word. The system of imitated pronunciation is explained below in the sections on the pronunciation of vowels, diphthongs and consonants, Note that we use a colon (? to indicate the long version of most Norwegian, vowels. Pronunciation of vowels Norawion Imitated letter pronunciation 2 canbeeither short or long. When long, it is pronounced like the ‘a’ in English ‘father’ or ‘half’: hat ‘hatred’. ah: ‘The short version of the same sound has no exact equivalent in English but is almost like the ‘u’ of ‘hut’: hatt ‘hat. ah © ina stressed syllable is usually pronounced, in its short version, like the ‘ein English ‘pen’: penn ‘pen’ e The equivalent longer vowel is similar to the ‘ai’ in English fair’, but itis a single pure vowel sound, not a diphthong: pen ‘beautiful’ e10 Noraegion letter before ris sometimes pronounced like an English ‘a’. The long verson is asin ‘glad’ her ‘here’. The short version is asin ‘mat’ berg ‘mountain’. in an unstressed syllable (often following, a stressed syllable) is pronounced like the ‘e” sound in English ‘the, ‘father’ or ‘garden’: gate ‘street, site ‘sit’. When a word ends in the final eis almost always pronounced in this way. can again be either long, like ‘ee’ in English “week: bil ‘car’ or short, like the ‘in English ‘sit or ‘in: bilde ‘picture’ {is usually pronounced like the English ‘oo’ but with the lips more rounded. The long version is very long, like English ‘moon’ or *plue': bok ‘book’. The short version is as in took’ or ‘full’: kost ‘brush’. in some words is pronounced like the ‘aw’ in English ‘saw’: foretrekke ‘prefer’. The short version of this vowel is similar to the English ‘o' in ‘stop’: stopp ‘stop’. has no equivalent in English. It is similar to the ‘oo’ sound, but pronounced with ‘more protruded lips, giving a less rounded sound (something like English ‘u’ in ‘pure’ but without the ‘y’ sound). It can be long as in hus ‘house’, or short as in buss ‘bus’. (Don’t pronouince it like the southern, English ‘u’ in butter’) {s pronounced like the German ‘ti in Libbeck or the French ‘u' in ‘tu’ and ‘lune’, with very tight, protruded lips, (Take care not to pro- nounce it ike an English ‘oo’), It can be long as in lys ‘ight, or short as in hytte “hut Initated romunciation a8 f Norwegian Initated ener prorat is usually pronounced in the same way as the Norwegian e before r; that is, like the ‘af in glad’ (long): vaere ‘to be’, or like the a: ‘af in ‘mat (short): vant “beer. a ‘@ is pronounced like the “er in ‘her’ or ‘ir’ in’sir’ but with more rounded lips (and don’t make the ‘r’ sound!). The long version is similar in length to ‘first’: ore ‘ear’ & Itcan also be short as in ost ‘east 6 4 in some words is pronounced like ‘aw’ Gong): bit ‘boa’ or in other words like aw ‘o'in ‘stop’ (short tte ‘eight ° Pronunciation of diphthongs [Norwogian has six diphthongs (Le. combinations of two vowel sounds in a single syllable). They are au, ei, ey, ai, i, ui of which the last three occur in only very few words. ‘The first sound in these diphthongs is shorter and the second longer than in the English diphthongs. Norwegian Initated Tener promanciation ‘aU consists ofa fist sound pronounced like the ‘a’ in English ‘glad’ and a second like the sound described above for Norwegian uu sau ‘sheep’, maur ‘ant au is spelt in two ways, and is pronounced in a similar way to ‘ay’ in English ‘day’, but the first sound is more like the ‘a? ‘glad’: nei ‘no’, meg ‘me’, stein ‘stone ay is also spelt in two ways. It consists of a first sound like ‘er’ and a second sound, like the “y’in English ‘year’: ay ‘island’, dagn ‘24 hours’, rayk ‘smoke’ by nNoregian Iitated letter pronunciation ai is pronounced like the ‘in English ‘fine’ ‘or the ‘y’ in ‘my’: mai May’, hai ‘shark’ y Pronunciation of consonants ‘The pronunciation of the Norwegian consonants is in most cases very similar to that oftheir English counterparts. But some essential differences should be observed. Watch out for the following, Noreen Iitated letter pronuiciation gis usually like the ‘g’ in English ‘good’ never like the ‘gin ‘general’: glad ‘glad’ 8 4g before ei, iand y, however, is pronounced. like the Norwegian j; that is, like the ‘y’ in English ‘yes geit ‘goat’, 4 gi to give’, ayllen ‘golden’ y jis pronounced, as mentioned above, like the English ‘yin ‘yes’: fjord ‘fjord’. It never sounds like the English ‘fin ‘joi. y ng is always pronounced as in English ‘song’ or ‘singer’, never as in ‘hunger’ or ‘finger’; that is, there is no separate ‘g’ sound: engelsk, ‘English’. ng is always pronounced, unlike the ‘r’ in southern English (e.g. in ‘for’ cart). Itis rolled, ike a Scots ‘', and similarly to an Italian one, but with fess prominence: berg ‘mountain’ © a Long consonants ‘As we have already mentioned (page 8) Norwegian has not only long vowels, but also long consonants (indicated by double letters or a combinations of two or more letters). ‘Take care to linger a little more on the long consonants, particularly in words of more than one syllable, for example in: ponni ‘pony’, stlle ‘still’. In English we don’t usually linger on double letters like this, except in combinations of two words, such as the ‘nn’ in ‘pine-needle” or the ‘I! in tlle’ Silent consonants Norvegian Imitstet letter pronunciation 4. issilent: alter bord table’ jord “ond” iter orn: kveld “evening”, holde “hold” itera long vowel glad ‘gla’, god ‘good! But dis pronounced in Gud ‘Gov & issilent: before j: gjore ‘clo’, gjemme ‘hide’, igjen ‘again’ in words ending in-ig:ferdig ‘ready in some other words, eg: morgen ‘morning’ falge ‘follow’. 1h issilent before j and v: hjelp ‘help’, hvar ‘where’ 1 issilent in the definite form of neuter nouns: landet ‘the country’, and also in the word det ‘i’. ¥ is usually silent at the end of a word after I, asin halv ‘half’, tolv ‘twelve’, selv ‘self’, solv ‘silver’ But itis pronounced in elv ‘river’ before « consonant before a consonant must always be pronounced, as in kvinne ‘woman’, krone ‘crown’. Note that iti always pronounced before n, unlike in English: kniv ‘knife’, kne ‘knee’. 13Norwegian Imitated eter pronunciation ‘The kj sound The kj sound is a slightly guttural sound, pronounced like the German ‘ch’ in “ich” (less guttural than the ‘ch’ in Scottish ‘loch’) or a strongly aspirated ‘h’ in English ‘huge’. It is written in three different ways. 1kj_as in: kjer ‘dear’, kjare ‘drive’ kh before ei, i, and y, asin: keivhendt ‘“eft-handed’, kilo Kilo’, kyst ‘coast {asin tjer ‘small lake, tarn’, tere ‘tar’ The sj sound This sound is pronounced like ‘sh’ in English ‘shall-In words of Norwegian origin itis written in three different ways. sj_as in sjelden ‘seldom’, sjo ‘sea’ sh ‘skjas in: skjegg ‘beard’, skjorte‘shirt” ‘sk before ei i and y as in: skeie ut ‘to go to the bad’, skip ‘ship’, sky ‘cloud’ In foreign words the sj sound may be written ‘sch; scheefer ‘lsatian’; sh: sherry; ch champion; g: giro, j: journalist. In all these ‘words it is pronounced ‘sh’. Stress, rhythm and tone ‘Stress and rythm In words of Norwegian (Germanic) origin the stress usually falls on the first syllable, which means that this syllable is said louder, with more emphasis. Examples: gate ‘stret’, kaste ‘throw’. In words borrowed from other languages the stress is often on the last syllable, as in dusin ‘dozen’, tobakk ‘tobacco’, trykkeri ‘printing works! Prefixes of foreign origin (eg. be-, er, ge-) are not stressed, as in: betale ‘pay’, erkleere ‘declare’, ever ‘vile, gun’. In ‘words with other prefixes, mainly prepositions (av, fra, mot, 4 opp, ned etc.) the stress usually falls on the fist syllable, as in: avgjore ‘decide’, frata ‘deprive of', motstand ‘resistance’, nedtrykt ‘depressed’ Note that suffixes (else, -ing,-ling, ig, lig,etc) often transfer the stress from the first syllable to the syllable preceding the suffix, asin: tllatelse ‘permission’, ‘underholdning ‘entertainment, alvorlig ‘serious’. In the imitated pronunciation (following eaca section of the first five chapters) the stress is indicated by an accent mark (¢) following the stressed syllable, But this indication is only based on the pronunciation of each word when spoken separately. When words are used in continuous speech, the stress will vary with the rhythm of the sentence. Norwegian sentences often have a trochaic (strong-weak-strong-weak) pattern, as in: Ja, vi elsker dette landett Yes, we love this country! Kom og sett deg her ved bordet! Come and sit down, at the table! Jeg ma gi og lese lekser. I must go and do my homework. Er du ikke ferdig enna? Haven't you finished yet? In rapid everyday speech, however, the rhythm will vary a Jot more, according to the emphasis given to certain words and to the intonation of the whole sentence. Tone In Norwegian words the stres is closely linked with tone. ‘This can easily be shown in the pronunciation of two homo- phonic words (different words which sound alike), such as lovet ‘the foliage’ and love ‘lion’. In both words the stress is ‘on the first syllable, but they are pronounced with a different melody or tone. Lovet starts on a fairly low tone and then rises (single tone). Love starts on a medium note and then falls litle before it rises (double tone). This is shown in musical notation in the following illustration, 15eo fo 2 =i tert io Note that this description of the two different tones (single tone in Ievet and double tone in love) applies to the pronunciation in Eastern Norway, but most Norwegians havea kind of rising and falling tone which gives their speech a singing intonation The Norwegian alphabet Ah 1 @ Qa) Y @ BG) J God oR @ — Z (eb Ce) Kam S@ &@) Did) Le Te 0 @ E @) M (em) U @ A fw) F@) NG) Vv qe G0) —W ood -telt-ve) Haw) Pope) X hs) 16 Chapter 1 In this first chapter you will meet some of the basic building blocks of Norwegian. It covers: ‘the indefinite and definite articles ‘a/an’ and the’) ‘nouns ~names for people and things —and the concept of gender + thesubject pronouns (1, ‘you’, ete) + two important verbs: to be’ and ‘to have’ 1 Articles and nouns {In Norwegian, nouns (words for people, things etc) can be ‘masculine, feminine or neuter, and articles must agree in gender and number with the noun to which they refer. For your purposes, however, itis sufficient to distinguish between only tivo genclers: common gender (en-words — comprising masculine and feminine nouns) and neuter gender (et-words). ‘The indefinite article ~in English ‘a’ — stands before the noun and is expressed by en (common gender) and et (neuter gender) cen koffert a suitcase ‘en Jommebok* a wallet et pass a passport « Thisis a feminine noun. Instead of en, ei is sometimes used asthe feminine indefinite article in colloquial speech and always in Nynorsk: ef lommebok. W‘The definite article ~in English ‘the’ ~is placed after the noun in Norwegian and forms one word with it. Ibis, expressed by -en (commion gender) and et (neuter gender): kofferten the suitcase Iommeboken* the wallet passet the passport + In feminine nouns ais often used instead of -en in colloquial speech and always in Nynorsk: lommeboka, Some feminine nouns nearly always appear with an-a ‘ending in the definite form singular: en (or ei) bygd - bygda (the rural district; en (ei) hytte—hytta (the hut); en (ei) jente— jenta (the girl); en (e) get - geita (the goat); en (ei) ‘kat kua (the cov); ete [Nouns of two or more syllables ending in an unstressed -¢ @ only add -n and -t to the indefinite forms: en gatea street et bilde a picture gaten the street Dildet the picture But words ending in stressed -e add -en or -et: etknea knee cen kafé a café kkneet the knee kkaféen the calé There are rules that can help to determine the gender of Norwegian nouns, but as these are complicated, the only practical way to learn whether a noun is common gender or neuter is by constant imitation and practice. Note that the indefinite article is dropped in statements like: Han er rorlegger. He is a plumber. De har ikke telefon. They don’t have a telephone. Han arbeider pi fabrikk. He works in a factory. IMITATED PRONUNCIATION ein kooffrt, ex loomy-m-boo'k ‘et ahs; koof fren, loom'-me-boo:ken, pahs-s; en (ay) bigd, ‘iug-dak en hat, hul’-tah; ex yent, yen’-tahy er yayt,yay’- fazer kat, ku’-aby em gah’-t,gal’-tn et bile, bil-deretkne:, iene, ekab-fe, kah-fe’-en, hahn ara -leg-ge; dee halt ik Ketelefoom’ Exercise 1 A. Put the appropriate indefinite article before the following nouns: -koffert lommebok pass gate .bilde stasjon (common gender) (station) + etute (common gender) (route) tog (neuter gender) (train) buss (common gender) (bus) fly (neuter gender) (aeroplane) B Repent the above exercise using the definite article. IMITATED PRONUNCIATION (6 sah shoo (7) nue fa (9) bus (10) fa . . 2A Plural of nouns: indefinite form ‘The plural of nouns of common gencler is formed by adding er to the singular: ‘en stol a chair fen seng a bed. stoler chairs senger beds 1920 cen vegg a wall fen dora door vegger walls dorer doors ‘Neuter nouns of one syllable usually remain unchanged in the plural etbord a table bord tables ethus a house hhus houses etlysalight Iys lights et eggan ess egg exes Neuter nouns of more than one syllable can also remain ‘unchanged in the plural, but usually add -er to the singular: vinduer windows fotografier photographs et vindu a window et fotografia photograph "Nouns of both genders ending in an unstressed -e(e) only add -rin the plural: ‘en skole a school skoler schools enkvinnea woman kkvinner women et teppe a carpet tepper carpets eteple an apple epler apples But those ending in a stressed -e add -er: en brea glacier en kaféa cafe breer glaciers kaféer cates Note that some nouns change their stem vowel in the plural, such as: fen tann a tooth tenner tooth cen natt a night netter nights fen bok a book baker books ‘en bonde a farmer yonder farmers en kuacow’ kyr or kuer cows fen hind a hand hhender hands Note also the following nouns with other irregularities in addition to the change of vowel: en far a father fedre fathers en mora mother ‘modre mothers cen datter a daughter dotre daughters et trea tree tree trees 2B Plural of noun: re gee a een sees ener wey me rar a Exercise 2 Give the plural ofthe following words: 1 stot 7 teppe 2 seng, 8 bok 3. bord 9. hind 4 hus 10. mor 5 vindu M te 6 skole 12. mann 13. by (common gender) (city, town) trap (common gender) (staircase) 15. fell (neuter gender) (mountain) IMITATED PRONUNCIATION (13) bs (1 trap (15) fyel lefinite form In the plural the definite article ‘the’ is expressed by -ene added to the singular form of the noun: stol chair stolene the chairs seng bed sengene the beds bord table bordene* the tables hus house Ihusene" the houses, * In nouns of neuter gender the definite artcle-a is sometimes used instead of -ene i colloquial Bokmal (and always in Nynorsk) wn meters ncriy always appear inthe form: et Ben 15) Dena he lgay et bar (a child) Barna (ehe children). aNouns of two or more syllables ending in an unstressed -e only add -ne in the definite form of the plural: skole school skolene the schools kvinne woman kkvinnene the women eple apple eplene the apples But: breene (the glaciers), kaféene (the cafés). IMITATED PRONUNCIATION stoo’lene seng-ene, boo!-re-ne, Inu’-sene; bern, be’-nah baker, bah'-nah skoo:-lene,kvin ne ne, ep lene; bre’-e-e, kal-fe'-e-ne Exercise 3 Give the following nouns in the indefinite and definite forms, in both singular and plural (model answer: en vege veggen ~ vegger — veggene): 1 stol 6 teppe 2 seng, 7 skole 3. bord 8 hind 4 hus 9 mor 5 vindu 10 tre M1 vei (common gender) (road) bil (common gender) (car) lampe (common gender) damp) uly (neuter gender) (floor) ta (neuter gender) (ceiling) IMITATED PRONUNCIATION (11) vay (12) bee (13) lahm'-pe (1) guly (5) tah 3 Subject pronouns singular Plural ies wwe He you familia) §—— dere you (aan De youGorma Dere you forma han he fun she den (common) i de they det (router t ‘The subject pronoun De is used when talking to strangers or people you do not know well, especially elderly persons. But itis becoming less common, and many people, especially teenagers, use du to each other even on their first meeting, IMITATED PRONUNCIATION yay, du, dee, hal, hun, den, de, vee, de’, dee 4A vere (‘to be’) and a ha (‘to have’) A vere and & ha have the same form in all persons in the singular and in the plural: Present tense jeger Tam jeghar Thave du/Deer you are du/Dehar you have han er heis han har he has hun er she's hun har she has denideter itis denidethar thas vier weare vihar we have dere/Dere er you are dere/Dere har you have deer they are dehar they have 23Vocabulary Exercise 4 Study these words: sporsmlet the question ‘Questions and answers. Translate: og ad 1 What's your name? svaret the answ ae wee 2 My name’s Anthony McLeod. ditt Deres) your 3. Areyou American? navnet the name c Hiva heter du (De)? What's your name? 4 No, I'm English mitt my 5 Have you any frends in Norway? ameritansk American 6 Yes,Thave. | ‘engelsk English 7 Where's your wife? roen any ; ae ets 8” She's inthe shop. i in 9 Have you any children? Norge Norway i see athe. 10. Yes, we have two chikdren hvor where 11 Are they in Norway too? konen the wite din (Deres) kone your wife ee they-are, Dutikken the shop 13 How old are they? to two fe 14 They are twelve and fourteen years old. Jar deter de. Yes, they are hhvor gamle (sing: gammel) how old ———— = tolv twelve fjorten fourteen fo foie Vocabulary samtalen the conversation PS veiven) on the way IMITATED PRONUNCIATION yay a:t, du: at, hahn a:r, hun ar, il to den ay de: a weeaty, der-ne an dees, yay haha, du: hat ah jernbanestasjonen the railway station haha, hun haf den haha, de hat, vee ah der al, dew uunnskyld (meg) excuse me hah spe-maley av, ovate Yas it (ee nl ner hvordan ho ‘ali? -ter du deemit ab-me-r-kahansk; nay; eng-esk: noo’ ont re tween: org al de hah yay voor kone deen fvordan kommerjeg? _—_—how dol get? (Gers) Koo =n, bak hn, to 08, cesar des voor bare just ‘gahm’-le; tol; fyoor’-ten; aw'-re Agdover to cross forget the square 2526 venter pa meg pa stasjonen jeg gikk (for &) gjore noen innkjop jeg gikk meg vill llettene jeg har det travelt virt tog, totake the first ‘on your left then. you go Straight on down the traffic lights to cross you'll see just in front of do you think? to remember that oh yes thank you very much by the way. Y'mon my way to myself (himself, herself ete) really to go with if to wish kind (0) my family is waiting for me at the station went (to) Tgot lost my husband the tickets Yminahuny our train toleave in half an hour not that far welll there . Be oe Re ie at erat yen Sp ienererpapie genio ie ne a a ee a a, ees te Paneer are Seni trtepete eer aees pa ee eee Brey orien Conversation PA vei til jernbanestasjonen On the tay to the raitwoay station Janice McLeod Unnskyld, hvordan kommer jeg til jembanestasjonen? Excuse me, how do I gett the raituny station? Sverre Holm Bare gi over torget og ta den forste gaten til venstre. Sa gar De ret frem ned til trafikklysene, krysser gaten, og De ser jernbanestasjonen like foran Dem. ‘Tror De De kan huske det? Just cross the square and take the first stret on ‘your lft. Then you go straight om down to the trafic lights, crss the street and you'll see the rainy station justin front of you. Do you think you'l remember that? Janice McLeod Ja da, mange tak. (ke yes, thank you very much.Sverre Holm Forresten, jeg skal til jembanestasjonen selv. By the way, 'm on my ony tothe rainy station myself. Janice McLeod Skal De virkeig det? ‘Ave you relly? Sverre Holm Ja, og jeg vil folge Dem hvis De onsker. Jeg heter Sverre Holm. Yes, and Tg eth yo if you wish ‘My name is Sverre Holm. Janice McLeod Det er meget snilt av Dem, herr Holm. Mitt navn er Janice McLeod. Min familie vventer pi meg pA stasjonen. Jeg gikk for & sore noen innkjop i Oslo, men jeg gikk ‘meg vill. Min mann har vire kofferter og billetter Og passencl Jeg har det travelt! Toget virt gir om en halv time. ‘That's very kind of you, Mr Holm. My name's Janice McLeod. My family is wating for me at the station. 1 went todo some shopping in Oslo, but got lost. My husband's got our suitcases Chapter 2 Jn this chapter you will lear: «how to express possession (using the possessive or genitive form) in Norwegian «+ how adjectives agree in gender and number with nouns + the form of the definite article when used with adjectives | + how to form the present tense of most verbs + how to ask ‘yes/no’ questions | and how to answer them 5 The genitive In Norwegian, nouns in the possessive (or genitive) form add -s, without an apostrophe as in English: and our tickets. And the passports! Fm in a naboens hage the neighbour's garden Inurry! Our train leaves in half ae hour. guttens lerer the boy's teacher A pikenes bror the girls’ brother Sverre Holm A, det er ikke si langt. Vi skal vaere pecten ican der om ti minutter. | Oh, its mot that far. WE be there in tem minutes. Note that the use of the -s genitive is not restricted to nouns Which refer to people: DBitens eier the owner of the boat Norges fjorder the fjords of Norway landets grenser the borders of the country ‘myndighetenes ansvar __the responsibility of the authorities 'n colloquial Norwegian, however, the genitive is often ‘expressed by a preposition (il, av) hhagen tl naboen Teereren tl gutten ‘moren til bamet teren av bitenCompound nouns are also used to replace the -s genitive: biteieren (the boat owner) = bitens eier andegrensene (the national boundaries) = landets grenser Vocabulary woe taco Sosteren thesister foreldrene the parent keunden the casemer weaken, posen the bag, farten the speed fargen the colour biomsten the flower Bjernet the comer IMITATED PRONUNCIATION nah’-boo-ns hal-ge guAens lay ter pe'-ke-nesbroos; bahir’=nes moor; baw -tne aye; nor = {5 f¥00'-rer lah -nesgren’-ser; miin-dee-he-te-nes ahy-sval, Tah’-gen tl nah’-boo-e; lac-re-en tl gut ten; moo:-ten tl babs ne; ayten ah bavr ten bawst-ay-e-ten lab-ne-gren-sene abe vyee'-sen soe -te-ren fore -dre-ne; kun cen; wes-ken,poo-se; fahe-ten;fahe-gen;blom-sten; yo"-ne Exercise 5 ‘Translate, using the -s genitive the man’s newspaper the sister’s friend the child’s parents the customers’ hags the name of the town the speed of the train 7 the colours of the flowers the corner of the house 8 6 Adjectives ctves agree in gender and number withthe noun (eps ey reer: They add no ending when sed tei common gender singular nouns, With neuter gender Mingus noun they add and in the pla ofboth risers ane gad pod gode (000) ‘en brun genser ‘a brown sweater fet brunt skjerf ‘a brown scar! brune bukser brown trousers Bilen er dyr. ‘The car is expensive, Huset er dyrt. ‘The house is expensive. Kjolene er dyre. ‘The dresses are expensive. Some adjectives have irregular forms in the neuter singular ‘and/or the plural. “Adjectives ending in -ig or-lig, or int preceded by another ‘consonant, have no additional +t in the neuter singular. ‘en vanskelig sak a difficult cause et feilaktig (riktig) svar a wrong (right) answer et farlig veikryss ‘a dangerous crossroads en sort kjole ablack dress et sort skjort ablack skirt Adjectives ending in a stressed vowel, such as fri, bla, ‘add -ttin the neuter singular: etfritt land a free country et Bla Some of these adjectives add -e in the plural, others add Ro ending: ipsa blue tie frie and free countries Dia slips blue ties32 cen vahn’-ske-leesah:k tfayl-ahk-tee (iietee) eval et fabsr’-lee vay -kris; em soort khoo: et soort (O&cttee; baw fit lahn; et blot slips; free lan blaw slips; seer te hue let ek “Kor; smavr baker, sat eK -Koorn; {ihy-tebee- len pahK -husse;vah’-re-mah-gah-see-ne bka-sen; Note also the irregular forms ofthe adjective liten ‘ttle’, ‘small; the plural is quite different: cenliten hund alittle dog et lite ekorn a little squirrel smibbam litle children smi ekorn litle squirrels ee ales opis Wi tat te OY ey nate, (Ee ae pe yn ne-e a e a ee; mt let dagen: kor lev te-many is vag, Vocabulary es lastebillen thelony ay pakklnuset the warehouse = ‘varemagasinet the department store Exercise 6 blusen the bleuse gul yellow ili the corect form ofthe adjectives in Norwegian a pace 1 en ig) lastebil et (big) pakkhus, (big) varemagasiner tynn thin, light 2. Blusen er (yellow) slipset er (eed), skoene er (black). =e tong 3. Den [busent er (igh), det [stipeet er ong), de spiss pointed . “ave = Ls Iskoene] er (poin iret thehair 4 Han har (fic) har, (blue) oyne, en (lite) hake, et oyet the eye (little) arri pannen og (itl) fregner pi nesen. oe. Begs. 5 et (peculiar) svar, et (pleasant) mote, et (easy) arret ‘the scar pecamil pannen the forhead 6 Livet er (short), dagen er (short), timene er (shor) — . 7 et (new) mote, et (free) valg, et (sudden) stopp imerkelig pect = ieee _| hhyagelig Pleasant motet the meeting FE ee Tete easy 7 Axticle used with adjectives dagen the day in bt We have already discussed the definite article en, -et, ene vet the life Which is placed after the noun and forms one word with it timen the hour (kofferten, passet, stolene), But ‘Norwegian has another a iar definite article placed before the noun (like ‘the’ in English wget Te iste This article den, det, de—is used when the definite form of be aoe the noun is preceded by an adjective. stoppet the stop den store by the la fen 1e large town det hoye huset the tall house IMITATED PRONUNCIALION goo; got, goo"; en bruchn gen’ de dyre bilene the expensive cars, ser; et brunt sharf; brane book "sr, beeen a dr hu-s¢ a34 ‘The adjectives preceded by den, det or de add -e in both ‘genders, singular and plural: store, hoye, dyre. Note particularly the irregular -e form of the adjective liten: den lille hunden thellttle dog. det lille barnet the little child ‘The-e form of the adjective is also used after some other classes of words, such as the demonstratives: den, det, de, “that, that, ‘those’, and denne, dette, disse, ‘this’, ‘this’, “these” (sec. 13), and the possessive adjectives (sec. 15) In the examples given above we have a definite article both before and after the noun. This so-called double definite is typical of the Norwegian colloquial language and is especially used in connection with nouns referring to concrete things. In formal speech and in the written language, however, the definite article at the end of the noun can be dropped, particularly with abstract nouns: den nye tid the new age det ufoate liv the unborn fe de gote maligheter the good possiblities Vocabulary undestoyet the mderwear Kinre the clothes bondegirden tetarm follet the foal, IMITATED PRONUNCIATION den soo! bin de: hy hu lee die been den lieu -nery erie bake-n; den ne {ec der fate leev cee goo’-e meee te un nar toy- vals, ‘ar -nesboon-ne-gaweren, fe Exercise 7 ste the brown sweater the long underwear the warm clothes the new lony the big department store the dangerous cosaroads the litle fan the ite foal 8 Infinitive and present tense [In Norwegian the infinitive (equivalent of the Eaglish ‘to’ Bp cl ost vate ends nan meted cand proceed 4 (aw): Akjepe —tobuy A pynte (seg) to tun elge tosell iforetrekke to prefer Abruke tose Abeskyite to protect Atenge toned A fryse to freeze In some verbs the infinitive ends in a stressed vowel (any vowel except eat the end of a word is always stressed): ia totake Asma fo tum idle todress blo to bleed dat toslide gh to walk, to go tbo tolive The sign ofthe infinitive , is used much inthe same way as to’ in English, Note that when two succeeding ifinitives af used in sequence we usally drop the second &: & gi (8) ta ‘to give and (to) take’ “ ae36 Almost all Norwegian verbs form their present tense by adding - tothe infinitive. The same form is used in all ppersons, singular and plural: ies, 1 ew 1 7 S| pute SE) ou fo fee ee ta fis she } = an far the ) mH el fmt Bel oaeelm fart oy JP Saath eg NOTE: Norwegian also uses the simple present tense where English would use the continuous tense: Han kommer. He comes or He is coming. Han kjoper og selger klar. He is buying and selling clothes, Vocabulary nudvéadig peer Tbrake inwee exrviniren inate alle craybody = must Tiere foleia ieee toread isirive towne tnske yas ireioe tl topo Ttatia tly feommer ikieeumper aabeide towerk meget sy hrc hard deep to watch Fermsynet the television er ray soompenes teeming else med bussen wigbr be Kontoret theotice in the evening, aftenen oo tostay at home 4 bli hjemme IMITATED PRONUNCIATION aw khé-pe, soe, brake reng’~ Pepa Gay),faw-retrekcke, bei, rise; aw tah ke ile, boo. gay) aw yee, aw tah yay du hahn, hun, vee, ore, de, leer; thr han kor -mer; hak khd-per aw seller far nd-vew-dee; aw bru’-ke;om vin'-teren; ae; maw; aw fav-te aw Tes; aw skre'-ve, ave Gn-se; aw rays tl eta yah; ee somy-mer;aw aht’-bay-de; meget; hahtt;aW se: pavs; fyurn-sl-ne; Cas maW’-renen; aw ray-s¢ me: bus se Koon {oor om ah -te-nen; aw blee yemy-me Exercise 8 Translate: 1 In Norway it’s [er det*] necessary to wear warm clothes in winter Everybody must Jearn to read and (to) write, ‘We want to goto Italy this summer. You're working very hard. They're watching television. She's buying a new dress. He lives in Oslo. Every morning he goes [reiser hhan*] to the office by bus. 8 Inthe evening he prefers to stay at home. “sv section 24 on wont order but don’t bother to lear it now. 9 Questions and answers In ‘questions the subject (noun or pronoun) is placed after ser ject pronoun) is placed aft Erdi in venn engelsk? Is your friend English? 37Snakker de norsk? ‘Do they speak Norwegian? Leser du norske aviser? ‘Are you reading Norwegian newspapers? Har dere barn? Do you have children?/Have you any children? ‘Not’ in negative answers is expressed by ikke: Nei, hun/han er ikke engelsk. No, she/he isn't (English), Nei, de snakker ikke norsk. No, they don’t speak Norwegian Nei, jeg leser ikke norske aviser. ‘No, I'm not reading Norwegian newspapers. Nei, vithar ikke barn. ‘No, we don't have children, Note that there is no Norwegian word corresponding to the English ‘do’ and ‘don't’ in questions and negative sentences, Questions can be either affirmative: Snakker de norsk? or negative: Snakker de ikke norsk? (Don’t they speak Norwegian?) *Yes' in affirmative answers to affirmative questions is exprossed by ja: Snakker de norsk ? Ja, de snakker norsk. Do they speak Norwegian? Yes, they speak Norwegian. “Yes in affirmative answers to negative questions is expressed by jo (the equivalent of the French ‘si’ Snakker de ikke norsk? Jo, de snakker norsk. Don’t they speak Norwegian? Yes, they do speak Norwegian. 38 Vocabulary kala cold bi tostay ike tolike AgipAski skiing ia teamed wt hhar de (f8t0? have they got? Bro PRONUNCIATION ar deme ge ar EASTER Sate tetera eis See ee ea Kenai ge eg pla cma ery ee ae ees Exercise 9 | A Translate: 1._Isitcold in Norway in winter? 2 Do you need warm underwear and a thick sweater? 3 Do you want to stay in Oslo? 4 Do you like skiing? 5 Are your children coming with you? 6 Have they got friends here? 7 Don’t you hear me? Answer the above questions in Norvegian ~ the frst five in the affirmative and the last twin the negative. 39Vocabulary hotellet the hotel feu Mrs herr Mr idag today bare bra just fine svigerinnen the sister-in-law hele all, whole heldig lucky sikkert certainly Ataseg av to take care of, Avise to show rundt i byen round the town hhva med Dem (deg)? what about you? nit det gjelder as faras... is concemed fanten theaunt ‘remenningen the second cousin mye alot sammentreffet the coincidence For et sammentreff What a coincidence! glad lad ‘uken the week naturfrelst nature-mad fotturen the walking tour Soverleve tosurvive helsen the health skogen the forest Iuften the air deterhelsei skogluften the forest airis good medicine jeg mi dessverre Tmsorry to 4 forlate toleave A giensynl See you later! IMITATED PRONUNCIATION hoot fr har; ee-dahe bba’-te brah svee-ge-rin-nen; he: hele ik-kert a ta say akv;aw veo-s; runt ee bi-en;vah: me: dem (day); nor de: yell tate tre-mencning-eny it~; sain’ -men-treffe; for t samv’-men-trefglak uke; nalts’ rls; fost tu-ren; aw ‘aw -verle-e; helen; skoo! gen ul -tn; de ar hele ee skoog sheen; ay maw des-var-e-aw forlah:-t; paw yer sin Conversation pa hotellet ‘Meeting at the hotel fruHansen God morgen, herr McLeod! Hvordan stir det tili dag? ‘Mrs Hansen Good morning, Mr MeLeod! How are you today? Herr McLeod Bare bra. Min kone er i byen og handler sammen med sin norske svigerinne. Si jeg har hele formiddagen for meg selv. Mr McLeod Just fine. My wife isin town shopping with her Norwegian sister-in-law. So I've got the whole morning to myself FruHansen De erheldig som har familie i Oslo, De tar seg sikkert av dere og viser dere rundt i byen? You're lucky to have family in Oslo. I'm sure ‘they re (lit. They're certainly) taking cae of you, showing you round the town? Herr McLeod Ja, det gjor de. Og hva med Dem, fru Hansen? Har De familie i Oslo? Yes, they are. And what about you, Mrs Hansen? Do you have family in Oslo? FruHansen Jeg er fra Tromso. Nar det gjelder familie, er alt jeg har i Sor-Norge, en tante pi Hamar og ‘en tremenning i Fredrikstad. Men min mann jeg har noen venner pi Bygdoy. {mt from Tromso. As far as femily is concerned, all ‘ve got in Southern Norway isan aunt in Hamar ‘and a second cousin in Fredrikstad. But my Jusband and I have some friends at Bygday. Herr McLeod For et sammentreff! Min bror og hans familie bor ogsi p& Bygday. What a coincidence! My brother and his family live at Bygdsy too.FruHansen Da har de mye 4 vise dere, Vikingskipene, Folkemuseet, ‘Fram’ og ‘Kon-Tiki’ ‘Then they havea lotto shoo you, the Viking ships, ‘the Folk Museum, the Fram and the ‘Kon-Tiki’ Herr McLeod Ja, jeg vet det. Og jeg er glad for at vi har en ‘hel uke i Oslo. Min bror og hans familie er alle sammen naturfrelst. De vil ta oss med pien tur til Nordmarka. Jeg hiper jeg overtever det! Yes, koe. And I'm glad we havea whole week in Oslo. My brother and his family are all nature- sad They toant to take us ona walking tour int [Nordrmarka. hope I'l sure! FruHansen — Sikkert! Det er helse i skogluftent — Jeg ‘mi dessverre forlate Dem, herr McLeod. Ha det godt! Certainly! The forest ar is good medicine! ~ Sorry to leave you, Mr MeLeod. Hlave a good time! Herr McLeod Takk i like mate, fru Hansen. Pa gjensyn! ‘The same to you, Mrs Hansen. See you later! Chapter 3 Chapter 3 introduces: + the imperative form of the verb, used for giving commands and instructions ‘+ questions with question words (‘where?’, how?’ ete.) + some negative expressions (‘never’, ‘no one’, ete.) + the numbers from 0 to 100 10 The imperative ‘The imperative (command form) has the same form as the stem of the verb, ie. the infinitive less the -e (in verbs ending ina stressed vowel the imperative has the same form as the & infinitive Infinite Imperative Skjope Kjop huset! Buy the house! Aselge Selg aksjene! Sell the shares! vente Vert pi meg! Wait for me! Abetale Betal din gjeld Pay your debt! hei Gi videre! Goon! ‘When we tell orask people not to do something, the word ike is placed either immediately after or immediately ore the imperative: Kjop ikke huset! The kjop hus Selg ikke aksjene! Ikke selg aksjene! Don't buy the house! Don’t sell the shares! Vent ilcke pi meg! The von 2a meet Don't wat for mvtVocabulary 41 More about questions hardere harder nthe previous chapter (ec. 9) you learned about the word Teksjonen, leksen the lesson jer in questions: verb before subject (Snakker de? Do ovelsen the exercise {hey speak). To ask questions you also need to know some ispise tocat tquestion words: din aftensmat Your supper akomme tilbake to come back hvor? ee ee 4 stan tosto 7 ia aaa where? Where is the nearest grocer’s? stille still ‘ke? Nirstenger forretningene? sepa tolookat hen? When do the shops close? —, ard nvordan? Hvordan er disse svinekotelettene? IMITATED PRONUNCIATION khé:p bnn’-se; sel ahk’-she-ne; vent how? How are these pork chops? paw maysbe-ta! deen ye: ga vee" dee; kk; hah rene eke Inver? Hem bar forst? $oo!=ne,leksen 6 -vebsen aw sped; deen ahf-tna-mab ior | owaewashedr fo nh kaw at saw sw i raw pw er cl pase Whom shall Task? vorfor? Hvorfor er disse tomatene si dyre? Exercise 10 why? Why are these tomatoes so expensive? Lavlken? (common) Hyilket av eplene vil De ha? A Transat: Iivilket? (neuter). Which ofthe apples do you want? : : Invilke? (plural) Hivilke eplerliker De? 1 Work harder! © Come back! Bich? watt” Whatappies do you tke? 2 Read the book! 7 Stop the train! A Breauul bed 3 Lear the lesson! 8 Take the bus! what? ‘What would you like? 4° Write the exercise! 9 Stand still! a ‘mange? ‘Hivor mange kilo? 5 Eat your supper! 10 Lookat the sky! oy? ORR DRS, bros mye? ‘Hvor mye koster disse potetene? B_ White the last five sentences in the negative form. pach sieht rmtcl Ee Vocabulary Arise (bort) toleave i tomorrow morning, to feel well hat is sy sisterto look for her son this smoked salmon thelanguage German French it comes to IMITATED PRONUNCIATION voor ax (den) nas-me-ste hoor nyahilhahn-del; nor steng’er for-rening-e-ne; voor’-dahn ar disse svee’-ne-kot-e-lette-ne; vem val fost; vem skahl yay ‘spor 2 voor “fr ar dis -etoo-mah:-tene saw dut-rvil-ket ahw eplene vil dee hak vil-keep’ler lee'-ker dee; val -sker Read 33 ganger (gahng’-cr) 3 er ‘Read 100 dividert med (dee-veedezt'-me) 25 er... (The Norwogians use for division, not +) Vocabulary delikateseforeiningen the deicatessen epmannen the shopkeeper farsi god! CT hep you? fue ‘madam Uendtren the pieniec i skal pa landtur tects puingona plesic jeg vi gjeme ha Valke 5152 smorbrodpalegget skinken skinkerullen ‘utmerket Hor mye koster det? Kiloen skiven ‘omtrent si tykke spesialiteten spekeskinken spekepolsen fenalicet Tameg fi nok A klare seg, har De lyst tl? laget av the cooked meats, sandwi fillings, etc. the ham. the luncheon meat excellent How much the kilo the slice about that thick the speciality some, a litle the cured ham the cured sausage the cured leg of lamb Tet me have enough todo, be enough ‘would you like? toy the smoked salmon, the comed trout ‘made from freshly caught toclean tosalt toarrange the small wooden tub atleast before toserve totaste the smell perhaps all itcomes to the cash desk IMITATED PRONUNCIATION deeedahtev-s-forre-nngen; fm; vast sa goo fr aha-trens vee ska se ahs yay Vl ya ne ha amr -bro-pawleg hi IN shin-keru-ien; ttmar-ket; voor mie kos ter de ety shee ven: om-trent saw tk: spesyat-lee-t:-te; it pe’ doo Fireken spe:-Ka-pal-sen;fe-nah-law’-r; lah: may fav; n0k; aw faire say; Raker dee last i; aw pro-ve;r0-kelahkesen; sete; la-get abv; n-fs-ket av ren-se, a0 sable, eit jog ge ned: te but-ten; minst; fr, aw sar-ve-re;aw smal Fevlouk ten kaho-she; ah; de: kos'tr;kahs'-sen Conversation 1 delikatesseforretningen In the delicatessen Kjopmannen Vzer si god, frue! Shopkeeper Can Ihelp you, madam? FruMcLeod Vi skal pi landtus, og jeg riktig godt smorbrodpilegg, We're going on a picnic, and Pd like some very 00d cooked mets or sandwich fillings. Kjopmannen Jeg har en meget fin skinke, og denne skinkerullen er ogsi utmerket. TTeea very fine ham, and this huncheon met is excllent 100. Fru McLeod Hor mye koster det? How much is it? jopmannen Skinken koster 197 kroner kiloen og skinkerullen 190 kroner. Hvor mye skal De ha? The kam is 197 kroner akilo and the luicheon reat 190, How much would you lke? FruMcLeod Jog skal ha fire skiver av skinken of fire tliverav skinkerullen, Omirent ef tyke. Tale our slices of the ham and four slices of the Foncheon meat. About that ikKjepmannen Fru MeLeod Kjopmannen Fru McLeod ‘Kjopmannen Fru McLeod, Kjopmannen, Fru McLeod Veer si god, frue. Hva sier De om noen norske spesialiteter, litt spekeskinke eller ‘spekepolse til 4 ha pi smorbrod? Eller litt fenaldx? Here you are, madam. What about some Norwegian specialities, some cured ham or cured sausage f0 put in sandwiches? Or some cured leg of lamb? ‘La meg fa noen tynne skiver spekeskinke, er De snill Let me have somethin slices of cured ham, pleas. Erdet nok, frue? 1s that enough, madam? Takk, det klarer seg. Thank you, that do, Har De lyst til & prave noen andre norske spesialiteter,rokelaks eller rakorret? Wiould you like to try some other Norwegian specialities, smoked salmon or corned trout? Jeg vil ha to skiver av rokelaksen. ‘Men hva er rakorret? Ta like two slices ofthe smoked salmon. But what is corned trout? Rakorret blr laget av nyfisket orret. Den blir renset og saltet og lagt i en trebutt i ‘inst tre mineder for den blir servert. Har De lyst til 4 smake pi den, frue? Corned trout is made from freshly caught trowt. 1s cleaned and salted and arranged in a small ‘wooden tub for at last three mont before i s served. Would you like to taste it, madam? Nei, takk! Jeg klarer meg med lukten! En annen gang, kanskje. No, thank you! The smell is enough for me! Some other tine perhaps Kjopmannen ru McLeod Kjopmannen ru McLeod Kjopmannen Javel, frue, Ex det alt? All right, madam. Is that all? Ja, jeg tror det. Hvor mye kommer det pi til sammen? Yes, [think so. Howo much does i all come to? Det blir 55 kroner og 90 ore. Vennligst betal ikassen! I's 55 kroner and 90 ore. Would you please pay at the cash desk. Mange takk! Adjt Thank you very much. Goodbye! ‘Adjo, frue, og ha en hyggelig landtur! Goovtbye, madam, and have a pleasant picnic! 55itt hus mine naboer ditt hus dine naboer vvirt hus vire naboer Chapter 4 phe other possessives remain unchanged in the neuter _—-# singular and in the plural This chapter covers: Instead of min bil, dit hus, hennes bror,vire naboer, ec. ine often say: bilen min, huset ditt, broren hennes, naboene tare tc In the thd person only, the reflexive sin is used. jnstead of hans, hennes, dens, dets and deres when refer- ring back tothe subject of the clause: + the possessive adjectives (‘my ‘Your’ etc) and the possessive pronouns (mine, ‘yours et.) + Some variations on the usual adjective endings + the comparative and superatve forms ofadjectives, | including some common iregular ones + more personal pronouns: the object forms ‘me’ ‘hime + hove fo tell the time in Norwegian Hun kommer isi But: Hennes bil er rod. bilen sin. ‘She comes in her car Her car is red. Han kommer i sin bil/ But: Hans bil er bla. bilen sin. He comes in his car, His car is blue. 15 Possessive adjectives Han tarsin biVbilen sin, Dut: ‘The possessive adjectives are: He takes his (own) car. He takes his (ie. another person's) car smi (common sing) var initvrtrsin | ay vie Ein ogres in gender and number with the noun inthe same sine (ura) ire ‘way as min and dis din itt your Haan selger sit hus/huset stt, He sells his house. dine deres De selger sine husshusene sine. They sell their houses. Deres (formal) your dens (common sing) | ing "Note that the possessive pronouns are normally omitted in sets (neter sing) ‘connection with parts ofthe body, clothes ete: ee is a Han rister pa hodet. He shakes his head, ‘Du ma ha torre sokker pi bena og et tykt skjerf rundt hhalsen. ‘You must have dry socks on your feet and a thick scarf suound your neck. Min, din and var agree in gender and number with the to which they refer (that is, with the thing possessed, not with the owner) 57After possessives, a following adjective takes the -e form (see. Hyor er min lille hund? ‘Where is my litle dog? ‘Hun har fatten flekk pé sin nye kjole. She's got a stain on her new dress. Vocabulary forsinket late fesmd Thaveto Tievere todeliver teenie theluggage forctningsforbindelsene the business associates Rbesoke tovisit Kjeresten the boyiriend/girtiond smannakapet teoer Pvaske eh IMITATED PRONUNCIATION meen beel, mit huss, mee-ne ‘boover; deen bec, dit huss, dew ne nalt-booret;vaw bee, vort vvaw/-re nah’-boo-r; bee len meen, hus dt, broo’-ren hen’ ‘nal’-boo-ene vaw’re; ans, hen’“nes, dens, det, dre sen shun kommer ee seen beel; hen -nes bee] arr; hab Kon -mer ‘een beel; hahns beel ar blaw; han tah seen beel/bee'-len seen ‘hain tahsr hahns beel beeen hans; han seller sit hus/hu sit; dee seller see'-ne hus /hu-sene; haha ris ter paw hoo’ de; ‘du: maw hah tr'-e sok -ker paw be’-nah aw et tukt sharf runt Jhaht-sen; oor ax meen if-le hun; hun hake fot em flek paw seen lise hole for-sin-ke; yay mave; aw lo-ve!-e; baba’ for-ret-nings-forbit-nel-sene; aw be-s6:-ke; kha-re-ten; mahi skahepe; aw vahske Exercise 15 ‘Translate: 1. Where are my blue shirt, my red tie, my brown socks? 2. ‘This is your wallet, your passport and your tickets, 58 (Our plane is late" ‘They have to deliver their suiteases.* “Their luggage isin the plane* ‘His business associates are expecting him. she is visiting her boyfriend.* ‘The plane and its crew. Wash your hands!** 10. He has a hat on his head.”* * Give both alternatives (model: min bil bilen min) “Drop the possessive adjective [6 Possessive pronouns Instead of saying ‘ts my car’, using the possessive adjective ‘my’, we can say ‘the caris mine’, using the possessive pronoun ‘mine’ In Norwegian the possessive pronouns have the same forms as the possessive adjectives, and min, din, sin, var agree in ‘the same way with the noun to which they refer. Examples: Denne bilen er min, den er deres. ‘This car is mine, that one is theirs Det bildet er ditt. That picture is yours. De koffertene er vire. ‘Those suitcases are ours. Dette huset er hennes. ‘This house is hers. 59[Note that the English expression ‘He is a friend of mine’ _must be translated Han eren venn av meg (it. ‘He is a friend of me’. Vocabulary setet iti nat at every feilent the faut * Feil is an iregular common gencler noun, in that it does not ha an indefinite plural: (some) faults fell, the fault’ fellene. IMITATED PRONUNCIATION den’-ne bee'-ln a:r meen, den st dle -res; de bil deat dit; dee Koo “ferte-ne ast vaw =e; det Ina ar hen=nes; han ar esn ven abv may ste abt; fy’ Exercise 16 ‘Translate: 1. That seat is hers, this one is yours. 2 These newspapers are ours, those are theirs. 3. Nothing in this house is his, everything is mine. 4 Wehave our faults, and you have yours. 17 More about adjectives Adjectives ending in -el, en or -er drop their -e- before ending in the plural: Common Neuter Plural enkel cenkelt enkle simple viken vakent —vikne awake, wate mager magert —magre—_thin, Jean Some adjectives ending in sk, -d,-s and -e have no -t in neuter singular: cet norsk skip a Norwegian ship St fremmed sprak a foreign language et felles anliggende joint concern St fristende tilbud a tempting offer But note these adjectives which do add atin the neuter: friskt smor_ fresh butter ferskt brod fresh bread [Note also that adjectives ending in -s or -e have no ‘addi-tional ending in the plural: fetes anstrengelser joint fforts frstende tilbud tempting offers Vocabulary Jammekoteetten the lamb chop flagget the flag modeme modem IMITATED PRONUNCIATION eekly en-Ke van, ‘vaw-kent, vaw’-kne; maly’-ger, mah gest, mah~gre Bere iear ads pawitcticcstiesipe preteen ‘if-buriskt smi, farskt bro fe les ah =strengrelse;fis-tene li-buc lakoe-me-kot-te-et-te; flag; moo-da' Exercise 17 Translate simple clothes ‘watchful eyes Jean lamb chops Norwegian flag, Norwegian flags 8 foreign country, foreign countries 2 joint concem, joint concerns modern house, modern houses 6118A Comparison of adjectives jective of several yb and participle of verbs used Adres) form thelr comparative and superative with I Norwegian comparisons are usually madeby adding one and mest inst, asin English (or-re) in the comparative and -est (ort) in the superlag hay-hoyere-hoyest —_{tall~taller —tllest high ~ higher - highest lav-lavere - lavest low -lower ~ lowest, pen=penere~penest pretty ~ prettier prettiest styegstyggerestyggest ugly uglier ~ugliest Examples: ae Vocabulary Men Per er hayere. Klassen the class But Per is taller. ‘Danmark Denmark . Sverige ‘Sweden (Og Espen er den hoyeste i familien. se skandinavisk ‘Scandinavian, ‘And Espen is the tallest in the family. ea eae pe Den veien er kort. ‘underholdende entertaining, ‘That road is short. biblioteket the library Dea bsleads sie at dad oe IMITATED PRONUNCIATION hiya ah That road i shorter than the frst one. tr ak-ves pes penee pees ug gee stig ek woes saci yeas ee eee ne vein eden Korteste av dem alle Be ace pantera at tan aa ston But this road is the shortest of them all. den for’-ste; men den’-ne vay'-en ar den kor'-te-ste ah:v dem ahl’- Je: goo:, be:'-dre, best; dawr’-lee, var'-re, varst; oot ‘ore, Tingst; : ats ey core et 18B Irregular comparison of adjectives ‘rst; faw fare, far-rest; mahng’e, flee, lest, ling, leng-re, fg meme ee pr-c oa Suosatjasives nvetiegular eompotian, duno Pav urinedel iene byes — tharwen (or sea vowed in the competion in opera ipaicaichite goes — etter best ktlgyare Wesel a, EL ORNL ung ~ yngre - yngst young ~ younger — i i Exnacac-se | seen aeaier oll oblematisk ~ mer problematisk ~ mest problematisk splematic ~ more problematic - most problematic snende ~ mer spennende - mest spennende spent . reiting ~ more exciting - most exciting fornoyd ~ mer fornoyd ~ mest fornoyd satisfied ~ more satisfied ~ most satisfied stor starre -storst big -bigger- biggest fA ferre— ferrest few ~ fewer ~ fewest ‘mange ~ flere —flest ‘many ~ more ~most lang ~ lengre~lengst Tong — longer —longestExercise 18 ‘Translate: 1 Kates younger than Marit. But Berit is the ‘youngest gi! in the lass, 2 Norway is larger than Denmark. But Sweden is the largest of the three Scandinavian countries, 3. Skagastolstind is higher than Snohetta. But Galdho- |” piggen is the highest mountain peak in Norway. 4 Trondheimsfjorden is longer than Oslofjorden. But ‘Sognefjorden is the longest of them all. 5 This book is more entertaining than that one. But that one is the most entertaining book I have in my library, 19 Object forms of the personal prono ‘These are the forms of the personal pronouns which are used as a direct or indirect object (eg. me, them) and. preposition (e.g. for me, to them): meg, me 0% us deg you dere you Dem you ham (han) him henne her dem them den det it Examples: Unnskyld meg! Excuse me! Kan jeg hjelpe deg? Can [help you? Kan De gi oss en kvittering? Can you give usa receipt? Fortell dem hele historien! Tell them the whole story! Jeg skriver et brev til henne. I'm writing a letter to her. ‘Du mi stole pa ham. You have to trust him. ‘The possessive forms of the personal pronouns (Deres, hans, hennes, dens, dets, deres) were described in secs 15 and 16, ‘The reflexive pronoun seg is used in the third person instead of ham, henne, den, det, dem when referring back to the “subject of the clause. Look at the difference between: ‘Han ber sin ven om & gjemme seg. He asks his frend to hide Giimse, Pi perc vate oa jemi Nak He asks his friend to hide him. Vocabulary anmbindet the bracelet gicame to forget, Hake to thank i skrive om tows bia versi sill plewe Sead the goods ec tosend sf snart det passer forham this earliest convenience ‘en gang i uken jonce a week IMITATED PRONUNCIATION un’shull may; kabn yay yel-pe ay; kahn dee yee os en kvit-te: ring: fortl dem he’-lehis-too’- ‘ye yay skre’-ver et brew til hen’; dt: maw stoo’-le paw ‘hah ex: seen ven om aw yery-me say /hah,altrn-bon- esas glemy-m; aw tahk-ke avy skree"ve omy vas sar snl (aw), ‘ah’reene; a sen-ne; saw snahirt de: pahs'ser for hah; en gang ces pal sang,; Jokken nom kvelden _Atnine dock inthe Exercise 19 Mor aftene. aig dle tom ettermiddagen. At two lock in ent ces ‘abbreviation Kl sued for ‘flock HI? 2 o'dock, 8 Bodo ete Give her a bracelet! Don't forget to thank him for it IMITATED PRONUNCIATION va cor mang) a Koes Pease write to me about it [itn dlee see may va kee ok ar ok ena tes den ar ler mother is waiting for i tec; et minut aw ver tee em aw’-ver te kvahrt (et kvaheter) bic can Hag RE RA A Sw/-ver te; te paw hah eve; hall eles fem aw’-ver hab eve; Please send us the goods at your earliest convenience, evahet (et kvahrte’) paw eve; fem pave eve; ve vil-ket Klok’= seset lok ken tol mid”-daheg; mid’ -naht: Klok-ken nee om visit them once a week. ‘maw -re-nen; om kvel-len (ah tere); Klok-ken too: om eter mid-dah-gen Exercise 20 20 Time Write he lowing times in word Hva(orHvormange) ——_ Whuattimeis it? 2) 215,230,245, 300 sickens b) 305,320,340, 355, Kan De si meg hva riktig Can you tell me the right, sede Klokke er? time? © 401,412,426, 437 Klokken er. Wes ten ofdock Denerti. Wsten a Denerett minutt overt. I's one minut past ten Dene fem overt Tes ve past en. ve ont aliens “Phaenae ocabulary Gone Klee the clothes Denertipihalvelleve, I tventypast ten. a ue Den et hal elleve. Ie al pst en eae ties Den er fem over halv elleve. Iv twenty-five to eleven. Beate eels Denerkvart (or etkvarter) tsa quarter to eleven. cn ian pi elleve. sjoreisen the cruise Denerfem pieleve. Is fivetosleven Nora-Norge hen Hurtgruten the Coastal Express ‘Ved hvilket klokkeslett? At what time? oo the journey, the trip: Klokken tolv middag. At twelve o'clock) midday. Sporsklaene the sportswear Klokken tolv midnatt. ‘At (twelve o'clock) midnig Yanlig ordinary Klokken atom morgenen. Atnine o'dockin Yierkleme the outdoor clothes - rather the morning,exept seme sieses hte ooet deronne up thre nae seer ae ear ‘Sakhet ens Sanka Zanrraw tl-aw kom-ane mes for-slalvge vahl-gersel{0"-ge-le; Shirnad thecal rem Goes ee Concer oe coast cise eects rey si mn oe tes = oat isbjenen, the polar bear Conversation a wes pus Sactng weir Vi kjoper Ker fjorden the fjord Buying clothes faa baeh ein a a pats’ Mug lps Did Tee toehange Ercan Safes in quae " « re Med’ Min arog og eta Norge Tae sable wat ee ‘okalal yi pt se'sleteld ET Nand Marge an torecomme et borlghase tay tae ees fo on oe Misti plano ce Mp anet thy Nera Stompebubsne te tights Mees oeyplogons eta Rete tundertreyen the vest Noraay wit he Cll Expres nde need spetatoen shespors shit Gia rtp Seei ocerawd Tlapeitren Vl De he spotkler ler vanige yer, Bebiciaten the qulle aork fet Seen taba Set orig dr ca ince ionic reat ions Sones : ; Tru McLeod _ Vihar be vst Nord Norge for Deter Home med soap with sa alt der opp he sn? me recone mpi We bree Rees Nery fr. 1fs | tena sess rea ee selofolgetig ofcourse Ekspeditoren, Nei, takket vere Golfstrommen ex kyst- eer oops ca cet ont on va ia Gobesnainly ville vaert eskimoer alle sammen! No, thanks to the Culf Stream the coastal climate is fairly mild. But without it there would certainly ‘be polar bears in the streets and we'd all be Eskimos! IMITATED PRONUNCIATION klas’-n;eks-pe-dee-t-ren;fe- yen; neste ken; sh6-ray-sen; noo? nor ge hur -tee-r-ten; ray-sen sportsKlas-n; vakin-lee; it -te'-Klae-ne; nok -saw; dat Op -pe tah’ “ket va -e;golf-strmomen; Khst -klee- male; ten ‘cee: mill: ten; ees-byosr-nen; nok; bah sde-vacr f¥oo. remy paw den’=netee-den noo av shite foort;vak: slags: aw ahn’= ‘befalele okt unter tyr; stm -pe-bookese-ne une | | det sickest vet objomergatene og v1 | | |Fm McLeod Ekspeditoren Fru McLeod Ekspediteren Herr McLeod Ekspeditoren Vi tok bare med oss vanlige sommerklaer. Det er vel ikke nok? We just brought ordinary summer clothes. That won't be enough, will i? Jeg teor ikke det, frue. Det kan riktignok vere badeverr inne i fjordene pi denne tiden av dret. Men si langt nord skifter Klimaet veldig fort. think it won't, madam. I's true it can be warm ‘enough to swim (lit. There can certainly be scoim= ‘ming weather) in the fords at this time ofthe year But so far north the climate changes very quickly. Hyva slags klar anbefaler De oss da 4 kjope? So, what kind of clothes would you recommend us to buy? Forst og fremst tror jeg dere vil trenge noe cekstra varmt undertoy, noen lange steompe- bukser og en troye, en sportsskjorte og en ‘yk genser. Og for & beskytte dere mot den kalde nordavinden, ville jeg anbefale en oblejakke eller en foret kappe First of all I think you'll need same extra warm underwear, some long tights anda vest, a sports shirt and a thick sweater. And to protect you against the cold north wind I'd recommend a ‘quilted anorak or a lined overcoat Med alt dette ville vi alle se ut som isbjarner! Forresten har vi ikke rid til det. With all that we'd look like polar bears! Besides, sow couldn't ford it! ‘Unnskyld, jeg ville bare komme med noen forslag for 4 gjare valget lettere for Dem. Excuse me, I just meant to mate a few suggestions to make the choice easier for you. Fra McLeod Ekspeditoren Selvfolgelig setter vi pris pi det. Men jeg, ‘tor vi begynner med 4 se pi noen boble jakker til barna og noen lette forede kapper til min mana og meg. Of course we appreciate that. But I think well start by looking at some quilted anoraks for the kids and some ligt lined overcoats for my husband and myself. Javel, frue. Ver si god, denne veien! Certainly, madam, This zoay, please! Eat 7 7Chapter 5 In Chapter 5 you will lear: + how verbs divide into two groups, ‘weak’ and ‘strong’, and how the past tense is formed for each group ‘+ how to form adverbs from adjectives ‘some common adverbs not formed from adjectives ‘+ some differences between Norwegian and English word order ‘+ how to form the ordinal numbers (‘ist second’, “hind ete) 21 The past tense of weak verbs ‘The Norwegian past tense is used, in much the same way as in English, to describe events or actions wich took place in the past. Norwegian has two main groups of verbs with different patterns of conjugation: weak (regular) verbs and strong (Grregular) verbs (Sec. 22) Most weak verbs form their past tense by adding: -et or te to the stem: kkast + et = kastot (threw), bruk + te = brukte (used) etc Examples: miste __mistet (mista) Jose ost vente __ventet (venta*) wait waited snakke snakket (snakka") talk talked stoppe _stoppet stoppa*) stop stopped, leke lekte play played fole folte feel felt sgjemme —_gjemte hide hid mene mente mean meant ere Ierte learn learned Tese leste read read sende —_sendte send sent frenge _trengte need needed fylle fylte all filled dromme — dromte dream dreamt | fenne —_tente light lighted. | * Colloquia and Nynorsk form [Note that verbs with a stem ending in-Il mm, san drop their at eter bofore the ending ylle~ lt ce ‘Some verbs take -de (-et™) or -dde: bygge bygde (oygget™) build ult eve —_levde levet™") live lived cie cide (eiet™*) own owned boye _bayde (bayet™) bend bent bo bode live (stay) lived (stayed) ble lode bleed bled ha hadde have had Kle —kledde dress dressed smu snudde turn turned wi vridde twist twisted * Traditional forms still used by many Norwegians Note particularly (with one d in the past tense): do dode die died ‘A few weak verbs change their stem vowel in the past tense, such as: | selge solgte sell sold | sporre spurte ask asked sire sjorde do did Dringe brakte bring brought ‘Note that, a in the present tense, the simple tense is used in Norwegian where English would use the continuous tense: Han spurte = “He asked’ or ‘He was asking’74 ‘There is no word corresponding to ‘did’ in questions and negative sentences (compare sec. 9): Hva svarte du? What did you answer? Jeg gjorde det ikke. I didn’t do it Vocabulary Past tense forms given in brackets. Akaste (eb [pal to throw [al steinen the stone hhverandre cach other Askade (-et) to hurt Ahente Cet) to fetch treningsdrakten the track suit A jogge Cet) to go jogging parken the park {il frokost for breakfast Skoke Ge) toboil noen some A steke (te) to fry Shore (te) tohear Iyden the noise Thende Ce) tohappen vinden the wind keraftig hard luke Geo) toclose 4 bry (de) seg om to worry about Darke TONITE nt cratic a Nee aoe sane iouen a ey eer ee eae Se ee te capac itarte tet an te gg bee era a ae inher OPER saa SY es a ea ee re eae eeceranl mie eat hence See a te ato ead sce gore oe Soe Exercise 21 ‘Translate: 1 Some boys were throwing stones at each other. 2 We protected our friends. 3 He hurt his head. 4 They did not believe it, 5 She fetched her track suit, 6 Every moming she went jogging in the park, 7 What did you eat for breakfast? 8 Iboiled some eggs and fried some potatoes. 9 Weheard a noise but nothing happened. 10 The wind was blowing hard and it was snowing. 11. We closed the doors. 12 The children were playing on the floor. They didn’t ‘worry about the storm. 22 The past tense of strong verbs Strong verbs add no ending in the past tense, Bt most of them change their stem vowel. Here are some examples: skive ——skrev write wrote fryse fron freeze froze dtikke drake drink drank 8 aav sive gave Fine fant find found 8 sik walk, go walked, went se a see saw jelpe ——_ialp help helped ft tok take took Skjare ska cat cut trekke take pall pulledNote particularly: bli ble become became = bad is ia Translate: ‘Some strong verbs keep their stem vowel in the past tense, 1 She wrote a letter to the chairman. | For example: found the man they were looking for komme kom come came or teri roreents 8 sove sov sleep slept 3. Hewas walking down the street. } ee Le zu. am, 4 This gentleman helped me te it cried 5 . bs 5 He took my suitcases and carried them to the station. Vocabulary 6 Thecarcame towards him ata very high peed 1 boy was frightened and ran away. Aseetter to look for 0 rece ser hhezzen the gentleman ‘8 His parents seized him and held him back. oeetee) ban ‘They gave him an ice cream to calm him down. ‘mot towards a es 4 (meget) stor fart ata (very) high speed 10 He sat down and said nothin redd frightened ‘lope av sted torun away ott antea iskremen the ice cream | roe (et) noen ned toccalm somebody down eet (atte) seg tosit down 23 Adverbs Asia) tosay Some adverbs have the same form as the neuter singular of the corresponding adjective (sec. 6). They are formed by | adding a -tto the common gender form of the adjective: pen (nice) + t= pent (nicely). IMITATED PRONUNCIATION skred-ve, shrew; frie, fs; drik-ke, drank; yee gal; inne, falnt: ga, vik se, saw; yel-pe, vyahlp; tah, too‘; share ska; trek-k, traf; ble, ble; va=re, ‘vahs; Kom’-me, komy saw-ve, saw; ldpe,Iexp graw -te,grawt a Examples: se: etter, harem; aw bare ax); moo ee (meget) soo fhe; red; aw Id-pe ah sted es'-kre-men aw roo! -e noo! en Klok Klokt wise wisely ned aw sett (sate) say; aw see (sah) Tingsom iIengromt slow slowly raske raskt quick quickly sikker sikkert certain certainly ‘oppmerksom —oppmerksomt attentive attentively sot sott sweet sweetly ‘Adverbs from adjectives ending in ig, or-t preceded by nother consonant, add no +: plutselig, suddenly fullstendig, completelyforferdelig terribly fort quickly daglig daily Some adverbs add the ending -vs vanl vanligvis usual usually heldig heldigvis fortunate fortunately. naturlig ——_naturligvis natural naturally sannsynlig sannsynligvis probable probably Here are some other common adverbs: fremover forward on now bakover backwards for before oppover upwards. senere later nedover downwards ennd,enda still ovenfor above cllers otherwise nedenfor below ofte often innenfor inside sjelden seldom uutenfor outside knapt, neppe hardly meget, svaert very bare only altformye — toomuch —nettopp just. nok enough ser particularly Tite, litt @)littie endog,selv even straks immediately Lkevel yet IMITATED PRONUNCIATION per, peent; Kloot, Kloo:k; hg 0m, lahng-somt;rahsk, rast sk-ker, sik “ket; Op-mark’-some ‘9p-mark’-somt; so, so; plut-s-le;ful-sten lee; for far-de-lee, dahsy-lee; foot; vakcn-lee-vees; hel-dee-vees; natu" loe-veey Sahai: Lee-ees;femy-mav-ver; bah -kaw-ver;op-pave vet ne’-daw-ver; aw’-ven-for;ne”-den-for,n-nen-for ten for, ‘me: ge, svat al-for mie; nok; leet, ity strahks naw fe; Sse-ne-e; enna, en’-dalh eller; of te; shel“den; knahpt hep es bal-re net top; ees’; en’-dawg, se lee-ke-vel 24 Word order In Norwegian the order of the words i often the same as in English. For example: Han leser avisen. ‘He reads (or is reading) the newspaper’ But in Chapter 2 we saw that the verb is put before the subject in questions: Leser du? ‘Do you read’ or ‘Are you reading” Inversion of the word ordet (verb before subject also takes place in sentences beginning with an adverb uran adverbial expression Her er de! Here they are! Noen ganger gir jeg pa kino. Sometimes I go tothe cinema. ‘Til slut gikk hun hjem. At last she went home. I gaten var det mange mennesker. In the street there were lots of people. (eg visste ikke at du var der) ellers ville jeg ha ventet. (did not know that you were there) otherwise I would ‘have waited. Note also that adverbs never come between the subject and the verb as in English: Han leseralltid avisen. He always reads the newspaper. De drikkeraldri kaffe. They never drink coffe. Vocabulary kansije lm maybe sierk() rong), badly) ra €rog) pier togoona mountain tour Sbegynne ca rege Ceb tomn regnfaken theraincoat ‘ible giennomvate eoener eee Teter it pany ftstue Finally # komme frem ti tomniveat bestemmelsesstedet the destination viskellg rally IMITATED PROKUNCIATION hn dna ag Yay paw Khoo lt yahoo yr, ce yah var Se'manng-emer mesic yay veel ic a du ahs da ies ile yay hal vert hak leer a-toe ave" Aik ser ah ee ka tt ave bey a tyne raya kn ee Be ye-nom- ati ter nar=ee tisha Kone re ee‘But most ordinal numbers are formed by adding -ende, nde | Exercise 23 or de tothe cardinal number | (oyv (ju) +ende=) —syvende (sjuende) 7th A. Giee the corresponding adjectives and adver in Pees oe oa a (nit ende niende 9th 1. slow - slowly, 5 correet— correctly (it ende=) tiende 10h (rotten + de: ‘rettende 13th znqulcen quicktp Guta badly (fjorten + de fjortende 14th 3. dlear—clearly 7 heavy —heavily (femten + de femtende 15h (eeksten + de =) sekstende 16th | | 4. kind kindly 8 terrible ~ terribly Goa a | | attende 18th a nittende 19th 1 usually, naturally, upwards, downwards, below, tyvende (Hjuende) 20th above ‘enogtyvende ast | toogtyvende 2nd 2 very, too much, now, still, yet, seldom, hardly, just, faves) Sea acti ate | only, diferenty, particularly, perhaps (forti + ende =) fortiende 40th (femti + end 50th | Tet (seksti + ends 60th | 1. We badly wanted to go on a mountain teur. (sytti + ende oth | (atti + ende =) 80th 2 Itsuddenly began to rain, We had no raincoat, so (eee fan ‘we soon got wet through 3. But we gradually came nearer to the moantains 4 We finally arrived at our destination. 5 Wereally needed some dry clothes! Remember that, while most Norwegian say enogtyvende, toogtyvende, femogtredevte,fireogfortiende, seksog- femtiende etc, according to the official method of counting. the small numbers (1-9) should be spoken after units of ten (20-90); tiueforste, ueandre, trettifemte, fortifjerde, femtisjete etc | 25 Ordinal numbers 5 both traditional and colloquial speech ordinals are used in fractions, asin English: Some ordinal numbers have irregular forms: en tredjedel a third it. third part) forste Ist femte 5th to tredjedeler two thirds annen (andre) 2nd sjette ath fire femtedeler four fifths tedle ie ae, ae ‘But cardinals are used in modern sc s:en tredel (it fee ane ae aa itcardinals are used in modern schoolbooks: en tredel (it. ‘three part), to tredeler, fire femdeler.Note these factional expressions Vocabulary en kvat ilo a quarter (of) ito Sees ee (The past tense endings of vb are given in brackets) | tre kvart kilo three quarters ofa kilo Send (te) toend en ogen haly uke onc anda half eeks Rbegynne (4) tostart Iskapet thepeny Ordinals are also used in such e» sions as: * me mye plenty for det forste firstly Trike (dak Sdk fordetannet orandre) secondly Bane Ged todance for det tredje thialy 4 php (en) rangel toge ooeing vert fjerde ir every four years it. every AWende Ge) tibake to go back, return fourth yea pyntelig eee Ffalle C10 i sovn {ofall asleep IMITATED PRONUNCIATION freakin ab ey stakkare al factories Toure ce) ph Caner Se neon eee betes tee Ca as “tenn, SOF -teng, at-tene, nit-terne, teen, Khu ene, eo. oe. baa ticvee, Kitts, too:-o-ti-vene, Khuceahn’-de, re-let, 2 tre’-tee-e-ner, fir’-tee-e-ne, fem'-tee-r-ne, seks'-tee-e-ne, siit-tee- vm hot Cre teeene of tecene ene cijedetton te de dele skye (ite) topour fie ire bee at salen the while ‘an Shee tos ena enables fo det for de a= gaol ae Ian aos te dye ar ata inte yeerents forneyd pleased ford Fecanse z titermiddagen the aftemoon Exercise 24 du matte you had to ae overt Covenrowded | “Transat using words instead offre: a Gore 2) Ist 2nd Sd Ah, Sth, 6th, i, th, th, 100 hele ‘whole godt nice 1) teh, 124, 13h, 200 21st, 32nd, 5th, nd, 6h, pet le 7th, 87th, 95th se pflersyn to waich television 7th, 3 formen the shape 123/45 5h,7/2, 8/5 frisk som en fisk as fit as a fiddle (lit. fresh ‘asa fh) IMITATED PRONUNCIATION: We fel that you should now be frisly confident as fr asthe pronunciation is concemed, and we ave discontinuing the iat pronunciation this point you ‘te sl having difcully wit is aspect of he language, Strongly recommend tat you purchase the case recordings ‘which accompany tis coe 82 83Conversation Nar enden er god, er allting godt All's well that ends well Fru Hansen Herr McLeod Fru Hansen Herr McLeod. Fru Hansen Herr McLeod Fru Hansen HerrMcLeod Fru Hansen Hiva gjorde De i gir, herr McLeod? What did you do yesterday, Mr MeLeod? Det begynte meget dirlig. Jeg stod sent opp. Thad a very bad start I got up late. Hya mener De med sent? What do you cal late? Omtrent halv ett, tror jeg. ‘About half past twelve, I think Hyorfor sov De si lenge? What made you sleep that long? ‘Min kone og jeg var i et selskap natten for. Vi fikk mye 4 spise og drikke, og vi danset og snakket til Klokken to om natten. ‘My wife and I rere at party the night before. ‘We got plenty to eat and drink and we went on dancing and talking till to o'clock in the morning (it. night), De var pi en ordentlig rangel, ikke sant? You really went boozing, didn't wou? Nei, det var ikke s4 ille. Vi vendte tilbake til hotellet og gikk pent og pyntelig og la oss. ‘Men jeg sovnet ikke for klokken fem om ‘morgenen! No, if tons’ that bad, We went back tothe hotel ‘ra went fo bed properly. Bu I didn't fall asleep till five o'clock in the morning! Stakkars Dem! Og hva gjorde De si om ‘morgenen? Ok, poor you! And what did you doin the morning? Herr McLeod Fru Hansen Herr MeLeod Fra Hansen Herr McLeod Fru Hansen Herr McLeod Ja, jeg skrudde pa dusjen og lot det varme vannet skylle ned over meg en lang, lang stund. SA avsluttet jeg mitt bad med en kald dus, og etterp§ folte jeg meg Klar til mote ddagens store og sma problemer. Well, turned on the shower ad let the hot rater pour down ov me fora ong, long while. Then I finished my wash with a cold shower, and ater that I felt presared to meet the large and small problems of te day. Ble det noen problemer, da? Were there any problems? Ja, det skal verre sikkert! Min kone var ikke ‘serlig glad, for hun onsket 4 gi og handle med meg om morgenen. Yes indeed! My wife tonsn’t very pleased because she wanted t0 go shopping with me in the morning. (0g si mitte dere gi og handle om ettermiddagen? ‘And so you bad todo the shopping in the ‘afternoon? Ja, men alle forretningene var overfylt av ‘mennesker, og vi gikk fra den ene forret- rningen til Gen andre hele ettermiddagen. Yes, but the shops were all crowed with people, and we spen the whole afternoon welking from shop to shop. SA dere hadde alts en riktig darlig dag? So you really had a bad day? Nei, etterpé gikk vi hjem og tibrakte en hyggelig aften — p hotellet. | [Nov after that we went home and spent a pleasant evening ~ at the hotel! 85Herr McLeod Fru Hansen. Herr MeLeod Pi hotellet? Og hva gjorde dere hele aftenen? At the hotel? But what did you do the ‘whole evening? Ja, vi filkk noe godt & spise, og vi si pa fjem- syn! Og klokken elleve sovnet vil Will, me got something nice to ent and we watched television! And at eleven oclock we fel asleep! ‘This chapter introduces: (gi dag er De i fin form? «+ the past participle of verbs and how itis used to form And today you're in good shape? the perfect tense Salt alae bleak ne ental! «+ some irregular verbs ~ the ‘modal auxiliaries’ «+ the comparative and superlative forms of adverbs, including some common irregular ones «+ some adverbs with two forms, expressing location and motion + seasons, months and how to give the date Yes, [ee a fit as «fide! 26 The past participle ‘The past participle is formed by adding one of the following endings to the stem of the verb: set Cae: kkastet (kasta") thrown, ot brukt used tt git gone, walked -d Gee") Tevd (levet**) lived dd: Kledd dressed *lloguial and Nyorsform “ana oom 27 The perfect tense ‘The perfect tense of most verbs is composed of the auxiliary hha ‘have’ and the past participle ofthe principal verb. This is the same as in English:Jeg har spist. Thave eaten, Han har sovet. ‘Weak verbs Infinitive snake talk vente wait fale (seg) feel frenge need leve live gro grow su fur vii twist ha have do die selge sell gjore do Sporre ask bringe bring He has slept (or has been sleeping). De har solgt huset (sit). ‘They have sold their house. 1 dag har vi vaert pA konsert. ‘Today we have been to a concert. ‘Some verbs form their perfect tense with vaere; see sec. 35, 28 Rehearsing the verb Past ie makber vane te trate ioe ote pease on wee tote saat fence as mae ‘To rehearse a verb is to recite its three key forms: the infinitive, the past tense and the past participle. Knowing how to rehearse a verb, you will be able to use inall ‘The following lists of wenk and strong verbs will give you. idea of the main verb patterns: ast participle ssnakket -a) ventet (a) folt trengt leva eid grodd snudd vridd hat dodd solgt gjort spurt brakt strong verbs Infinite Past tense skrive write skrev si say = fryse freeze ‘fos drikke drink dak finne find fant brekkce bresk brake hjelpe help jal gi give aw 84 £0 sikk Se see Inlet Tot ta take tok Skjere cut ska komme come kom lope run lop grate cry, grat, bii become,be ble vere be var Past perticiple skrevet sagt vert Rehearse the above verbs in small groups until they are familiar, and learn every new verb in this course in the same ‘way. From this chapter on the key forms of all new verbs ‘ill be indicated in the vocabularies as shown here: fole (te, -0) bare (bar, bare) Vocabulary pi lang tid brevet kollegaen komme (kom, kommet) for sent til travel babyen hele natten Rote Cte seg, Aeprimert feel cary fora long time the letter the colleague tomiss busy the baby all night to feel depressedAgi (ik, gitventur to go for A ilbringe Cbrakte,-brakt) to spend sammen together hele livet (vat) all our lives (lt. our whole lif siste last filmen the film pakino to the cinema Exercise 25 Translate; 1 Have you talked with your friend? 2 No, Thaven't seen him for a long time, but have written a letter to him. Ive missed the train. She's had a busy day. ‘The baby has been crying all night. ‘She's been feeling depressed. They've gone fora walk. ‘We've spent a good time together. 10 We've been living in Oslo all our ive 1. Have you seen his last film? 12 No, [haven't been to the cinema for many years. hella 29 More irregular verbs Iaftoe Prec fae Sburde ieobor Rikunne Fegken imate fea 2kutte fesskat ‘ville foun Your colleagues have been waiting for you walk es. Ishould, I ought to Tean, lam able to Tmust, I have to I shall, Tam to Iwill, Fwant to ‘The past tense ofthese verbs has the same form as the infinitive (jeg burde, jeg kunne etc.) and they can also be used in the perfect tense (jeg har burdet, jeg har kunnet etc), “The English translations of the present tense are only meant to give you a rough idea of the meaning of these verbs ~ the so-called modal auxiliaries. You will gradually become familiar with them, but in the meantime, study the examples below and note how these verbs are translated: Jeg kan ikke snakke norsk. Teannot speak Norwegian, Da bor (burde) du lee det. ‘Then you should (you ought to) earn. Du mi hjelpe meg. ‘You must help me. | morgen skal jeg besoke mine foreldre. “Tomorrow I shall ([am to) visit my parents. ‘kal jeg komme i overmorgen? ‘Shall I (Would you like me to) come the day after tomorow? Ja, om aftenen vil jeg vare ledig. Yes, in the evening I shall be free. Ved hvilket klokkeslet vil(le) du komme? ‘At what time do you want (would you like) to come? ‘As you see, the auxiliaries are used with a principal verb inthe infinitive: kan (ikke) snakke, bor lre et. But if the principal verb isa verb expressing motion, it can sometimes be dropped: Hivor skal du? ‘Where are you going? Jeg ma pi kontoret. Trust goto the office. Bama ville pi kino. “The children wanted to goto the pictures Skat du jsetskap? ‘Are you going toa party?In some ofthe above examples skal and vil are used together ‘with an infinitive to express the future (see sec. 41) Note also the irregular forms ofthe verb vite ‘to know’ jeg visste I knew’; jeg har visst ‘Thave known’. This follows. a similar pattern to the modal auxiliaries Vocabulary paforhind in advance beforehand tie at what time Then Get, -eb toeallect falig may Exercise 26 Translate ‘Where shall we go this evening? want to goto the cinema, ‘We ought to order tickets in advance. ‘Yes I know that, At what time must we collect the tickets? 5. When would you like me to come (it that I shall come)? 6 Can you comea bit earlier? 7 Tlbe there at six. 8 Wemustn’t be too late, 30 Comparison of adverbs ‘Many adverbs are compared, like the adjectives, by adding “e)re in the comparative and -()st in the superlative, asi: sjelden seldom sjeldnere jeldnest ofte often oftere oftest sakte slowly saktere saktest fort fast fortere fortest tidlig, carly tidligere tidligst sent late senere senest lett easy lettere Tettest ‘But note the following adverbs which have iregular ‘comparison: lite little mindre less inst least mye(meget) much mer more mest most vondt badly verre worse ——_verst_ worst godt well bedre better best best Tangt far lengre farther _engst farthest Adverbs of two or more syllables generally form the ‘comparative with mer ‘more’ and the superlative with mest ‘most’, as for example: Klosset clumsily mer klosset mest klosset cenergisk merenergisk _mest energisk energetically Komfortabelt _merkomfortabelt mest komfortabelt comfortably ‘oppmerksomt mer oppmerksomt mest oppmerksomt attentively’ Vocabulary inate lastnight Abii ote but ot Afele cee toe helt fllstendig completely fcisk tigjen) reovered Kui tod stv opp ——=torise 4 forsté (-stod, stat) tounderstandAbii forstatt tobe understocd Alytte Get, -et) tollisten tydelig distinct Exercise 27 Translate: 1 Last night she got worse. 2. But in the morning she felt much better. 3 Later in the day she was completely recovered. 4 [Next day she rose the earliest and worked the fastest of us all. 5 Do you want to understand better what people say. and be more easily understood? 6 Then you must listen more attentively and speak ‘more distinctly. 31 More about adverbs ‘Some adverbs appear in two different forms: inn inne inside ut ue outside) opp oppe up ned nede down bort borte away Ihjem hjemme hhome,at home ‘The short forms (inn, ut etc. are used to indicate motion towards a place; the forms with a final -e indicete position, being in a place: Kom innt Come in! Vieralle inne. We are all in(side. Klokken 7 skal vi gi ut. 'At7 o'clock we'll go out. ‘Vi blir (or Vi vil Bld ute til 11. Welll stay out tll 11 Vi skal (dra opp) til Holmenkollen. ‘We'll go up to Holmenkollen. Der oppe vil vi (fi) se den beromte hoppbakken. Up there we'll see the famous ski jump. Similarly, in Norwegian there is a distinction between her ‘here’ and der ‘there’ on the one hand, and hit (‘hither’) and dit (thither’) on the other. The English words ‘here’ and ‘there’ must therefore sometimes be translated by her and der, sometimes by hit and dit: Her er vi. Here we are Kom hit. Come here. De sitter der (borte). They are sitting over there. Ga ikke dit! Don’t go there! Jeg erher i bygningen na, I'm here in this building now. Jeg kom hit klokken 12, I came here at 12 o'clock. In some idiomatic expressions her and der are used to, replace the English demonstratives ‘this’ and ‘that beri byen in this town deri landet inthateountry her famitien in ths family deri eset in that house Vocabulary Atreffe raft, trufe) ——-tomeet A kjore e,-0 todrive Abe (bad, bedt) to invite ‘tena fe toss without tling us Sfolge ttt, fag) Gecomply withthe hhusordenen| regulations5 mai May september September | Exercise 28 juni June sitober October Jali July november November insert the correct form ofthe adverb in the brackets: august August desember December i Per gikk (down) pa gaten. [Note that the months ofthe year are not written with a Ne cee in Bagh (Down) pa gaten traff han en venn. De kjorte (away) i en bil (Ordinal numbers are used in dates, as in English: Hvilken dato er det i dag? What s the date today? | Det er den forste juni. It's the first of June. Det er den syvende juli. It’s theseventh of July. | Det er den syttende mai. It's theseventeenth of May. 1 ¢ 3 4 De ble (away) i tre timer. 5 (Athome) ventet foreldrene pi ham. 6 De bad meg (home) 7 Du skulle ikke ga (there) uten & si fra ti oss. 8 In figures these are written as: 1 juni (Ist June), 7. juli (in this house) ma alle folge husordenen. Publicholidays: ] Nyttisdag CL jamuar) New Year's Day 32 Seasons Skiers oun Tardy | iden ‘Annen piskedag Easter Monday } vans i Arbeides dag mai) Labour Day fay Day) | sommeren the sume Nasjonaldagen 7 ma) Constitution Day | hhosten thease Kristi Himmelfartsdag ‘Ascension Day vinteren ee wie Forste pinsedag Whit Sunday mye ‘Annen pinsedag Whit Monday Note the following expressions: a a | ‘Annen juledag (26. december) Boxing Day | om viren, om inthe sprig, in the onsite mre siviren maaan Vocabulary i fjor sommer last summer ites this autumn A gh gio pt skitur togoshiing | St vinter idaing apo wild 1G phokeytebanen togoskating ie plaketur togosledeing terion the taster holdays 33 Months and dates Feltnyta the mountain hut | Steir Get -e0 wclldee Imineden the month februar February ie (oog dat pi fisketur_ to go fishing | datoen thedate mars March fjetivnnel the mountat ake januar January april April viskal dra pA seiltur wwe shall go sailing 96Exercise 29 Translate: 1 2 3 10 u 2 Which season do you prefer? [ike all seasons. In winter we go skiing and skating and sometimes sledging. Last spring we spent the Easter holidays in a ‘mountain hut in Hallingdal, We stayed there from Maundy Thursday till Faster ‘Monday. ‘On the seventeenth of May we celebrated the Norwegian Constitution Day. ‘This summer we went fishing in a mountain ke Gudbrandsdalen. During the past autumn we were walking in the ‘mountains Next summer we shall go sailing in the Oslofird. (What date is it today? It's 6th January, 28th February, 11th March, 21st April, 4th July, 2nd September, 5th October, 3rd November, 27th December. It’s New Year's Day, Good Friday, Ascension Day, ‘Christmas Day, Whit Monday. Vocabulary hotellbaren ahipe Cet, 20 endaen sovnlos 4B sove (soy, sovel) som ensten. hhvaer galt med usivilisert litt tapper A kjempe (et, -e0) du har nok rett skikken S skale Cte, -0) skal! A stamme Get, 0 fra polskipet Norsk Sjofartsmuseum ike Ce,-0) serlig fengslet (2) fliten lage Get, -e0 middagen bondegarden stavikrken Ieikarringen 4H danse (et, -et) folkedansene de regnet dagen for slutt slutt (over) enni ‘musikalen Lskynde Cate, -db seg God fornoyelse! the hotel bar tohope another sleepless tosleep ikea log (it. a stone) what's wrong with uncivilised abit brave tofight I suppose you're right the custom to toast Cheers! to originate from the polar ship Norwegian Maritime Museum tocenjoy particularly the son fascinated (by) the raft to prepare the dinner the farmhouse the stave church the folk dance ensemble to dance the folk dances they called ita day yet ithe musical tohury Have a good time!Pru Hansen Herr McLeod Fru Hansen Herr McLeod Fru Hansen Herr McLeod CONVERSATION Mote i hotellbaren ‘Meeting in the hotel bar God dag, herr McLeod. Hvor har De veert i hele dag? Jeg hiper De ikke har hatt enda ‘en sovnlos natt? Good afternoon, Mr McLeod. Where hve you been all day? I hope you haven't had another sleepless night? Nei, dat I nat har jeg sovet som en sten! Vi stodtidlig opp, og vi har veert sammen med var familie pa Bygday hele dagen. (Oh no! Last might U slept like a Tog! We got up carly, and oe spent the whole day with our family a Bye SSA dere hadde en travel dag? So you've ad a busy day? Ja, det hele begynte med vikingskipene. De skjonner, jeg har aldri vert serlig glad j vikingene Yes, ial started withthe Viking ships. You se, Toe never relly liked the Vikings Hyva er det som er si galt med vikingene? De var kanskje mer usiviliserte og litt galere enn andre mennesker pa den tiden. ‘Men de var tapre og kjempet godt What's (0) orong withthe Vikings? They were periaps more uncivlised and a bit more crazy ‘than other people at that time. But they were brave and fought well De har nok rett. I det minste mi de ha visst hhvordan de skulle bygge skip. Forresten, visste De at den gamle skikken med 4 skile stammer fra vikingene? Fru Hansen. Herr MeLeod Fru Hansen Herr MeLeod Fru Hansen Herr McLeod Fru Hansen Herr MeLeod I suppose yeu'e right. At Teast they must have Ionown how to build ships! By the way, did you Ionow that te old custom of toasting originates from the Vikings? | Nei det visste jeg ikke. Skil for vikingene, herr MeLeod! | No, I dda Cheers to the Vikings, Mr McLeod! Skil for vikingene! To the Vikings! Ni, og hyva mer si dere? Well, ad what else (it. more) did you see? ‘Min bror tok med meg og to av bara til Bygdoynes for 4 se polarskipet ‘Fram’, ‘Kon-Tiki’ og Norsk Sjofartsmuseum. [My brother took me and two ofthe kids to Bygdaynes to se the polar ship ‘Fram’, the “Kon-Tik' end the Norwegian Maritime Museum. Bama Deres likte nok det, ikke sant? \ Your kids enjoyed that, didn't they? Ja, serlig min sonn David var fengslet av ‘Fram’ og ‘Kon-Tiki'-fliten. Yes, especielly my son David rons fascinated by the “Fram and the ‘Kon-THk raft (Og hva med Deres kone og svigerinne? Var de fengslet av 4 vere hjemme og lage middagen? ‘And what about your wife and your sistersin- lao? Were they fascinated by staying at ome preparing the dinner? Nei, de drog pa Folkemuseet for & se pi bondegisdene og den gamle stavkirken. De sa til og med en leikarring som danset de gamle folkedansene. No, they went to the Folk Museum to see the farmbouses and the old stave church. They even ‘sa a‘eikarving’ dancing the traditional folk dances. =,Fru Hansen Herr McLeod Fru Hansen (Og dermed var dagen slutt? And you called ita day? Ja, det trodde jeg! Men den er ikke slutt cennd. Vi har kjopt billetter til en musikal pi Det Norske Teatret i kveld. Unnskyld, jeg mi skynde meg! Adjo! So I thought! But it isn’t over yet. We've bought tickets for a musical at the Norwegian Theatre tonight. Excuse me, I must hurry! Goodbye! Adjo. Og god fornoyelse! Goodbye. And have a good time! Chapter 7 In Chapter 7 you will learn: ‘+ anew tense: the pluperfect 1 how some verbs form the perfect and pluperfect tenses, swith vere, not ha + some frequently used p-epositions (‘in ‘a’ by’, ete) + how to say ‘there is’ and ‘there are’ in Norwegian + the indefinite pronouns’some’, ‘someone’, ‘any’, ‘anyone! and soon ‘+ Iarger numbers and some numerical expressions + how to talk about the weather 34 The pluperfect ‘The pluperfect tense is composed of the past tense of ha “have’ and the past participle ofthe principal verb (compare the perfect tense, sec. 27) ‘Vi hadde vaert pi en fotballkamp. ‘We had been to a football match. De hadde allerede spist middag da vi kom hjem. ‘They had already had dinner when we came home. De hadde sett kampen pi fjemsyn. ‘They had seen the ratch on television. 35 Verbs conjugated with verre “The verb vate ‘be’ traditionally used instead of ha inthe perfect and the pluperfet tense of verbs expressing motion Orehange, sich as 0" komme ‘come’, rene (ound leave’, bli become’, begynne ‘begin’, sovne “fall asleep’ ete: 108Hun er nettopp kommet. She has just arrived. De var allerede reist. They had already left. Han er blitt syk. He has been taken il. But in modern colloquial speech ha is often used even in these cases: Hun har nettopp kommet etc. Vocabulary avoatig seriou) tolewe to get better last Christmas Aforandre et -e0 seg tochange somom aif Exercise 30 Translate: My friend had been seriously il He had left the country. Now he had got better, and he had come home. We had invited him for dinner. Thad not seen him since last Christmas He had not changed. We talked as if nothing had happened. 36 Prepositions Here are some Norwegian prepositions. Among them are some of the most frequently used words in the Norwegian language: 104 pa on/at over over under under foran in front of bak behind vedsidenav —nextto til to/till fra from aw of/by for for mot against/ towards for before etter after ‘mellom between ‘ten without med with: ved at om in/about/ round innen—_within/ before ‘The translations of the prepositions given above indicate only their basic meanings. Study the examples below; we shall give further details on their use later in the course (secs 57, 58, 64): ibyen pabordet over traerne under sengen foran huset ‘bak skapet ved siden av Radhuset til Oslo fra London Kongen av Norge for deg mot vinden for jul etter sommerferien mellom regnskurene uten sukker ‘med melk ved vinduet om to mineder innen et ir in the town ‘onthe table ‘over the trees ‘under the bed {in front of the house behind the cupboard next to the City Hall 10. Oslo ‘from London the King of Norway for you against the wind ‘before Christmas after the summer holidays between the showers without sugar swith milk at the window intwo monhs within a year 10537 Det er (‘there is’) Det (or der) is used with the verb er (or alternatively finmes) to express the English ‘there is’ and ‘there are’ Det er (or Det finnes) blomster pi bordet. ‘There are flowers on the table. Det er (or Det fines) melk i "There is milk in the fridge. eskapet. Vocabulary statuen the statue Stet the Palace postkassen theleter box viptaaciadet themnperetiet ia pany tomet The marketplace Evende ate, -40tlbake —toreturm brillene the spectacles wanskeligheten the dificlty me samc relsesyken tye a miler, the meal teateret, the theatre A ligge (8, ligget) tobe situated cniveritet tiemivadly Exercise 31 Translate: 1 There's a statue in front of the Palace. 2 Then’s a leter box at the comer. ‘There's a supermarket next to the station. ‘There are plenty of flowers in the marketplace. 106 haben a Narn Custis 6 tad stayed there fr January tl Apri | 7 Thad eure o London bee aster 8 Canyouread wit your peace? | 9 Only wth ret icy 10 ke o av sorting for my tl as. 11 Dowtent ewe (heb | 12 Thenew hae ison end he unveriy. 38 Indefinite pronouns Here are some useful indefinite pronouns. They are used either alone or in combination with nouns. Some of these pronouns have diferent forms according to gender and/or number: rnoen (common sing.) some(one), any(one) noe (neuter sing.) some(thing), any(thing) soen (plural) some,any ingen (common sing.) no, no one, none inte, ikke noe (neuter sing.) no, nothing ingen, ikke noen (plurd) m0 (en) annen (common sing.) another (et) annet (neuter sing.) another andre (plural) other, others all (common sing.) all alt (neuter sing.) all, everything alle (plural) all (of them), everyone ‘enthver) (common sing _each, every, everyone (ebhvert (neuter sing.) each, every 107Note also: ingenting nothing allting everything en, man one, you, people, they mange many Examples: Noen ma gjore det Someone must do it Har dere noe i rosa? Have you anything in pink? Ingen var til stede. ‘No one was there, Det var ingenting igen. There was nothing let. Vihadde ikke noe annet valg. ‘We had no other choice En annen gang, under andre omstendigheter, ‘Another time, under other circumstances. Han hadde mistet alle pengene (sine). Hee had lost all his money. Alle var til stede. All of them were present. Det var ikke verdt alt strevet. It wasn’t worth all the trouble, Enhver idiot vet det. Every fool knows that. De koster 10 kroner hver. ‘They cost 10 kroner each, Jeg nyter hvert oyeblikk, Tenjoy every moment Man (or En) skulle tro det. ‘One (or You, We) should believe that. [Note that ltt (a litle) is often used (with a noun) instead of noe: Jeg kjopte noen polser, ltt ost og litt frukt. Thought some sausages, some cheese and some fruit. Vocabulary elle te, 10) cocount tik Bch Exercise 32 Translate: 1 Does anyone here speak English? 2 Have you any good oranges? 3. They are all good, but some of them are better than the others Something is better than nething You can't have everything, He had counted every hour, every minute. She asked each of them, ‘They say that he has been very rich 39 More about numbers Study the following numbers: 100 (et hundre 200 tohundre 101 (et hundre og en 255. tohundre og 110 (et hundre og ti femogfemti 150 (ett) hundre og femti 300 tre hundre 1091000. (et tusen 1000000 en million 1150 etttusen et 2.000000 to millioner Ihundre og femti 1000000000. en milliard 2.000 to tusen 2.000 000.000. to milliarder NOTE: When counting, hundre and tusen take no plural ending: to hundre, to tusen etc. Used as nouns, however, they appear inthe plural form: tusener og atter tusener “thousands and thousands’. Note the following collectives and ordinal expressions: et par acouple —éngang once. etdusin adozen —toganger__—_ twice et snes a score treganger three times Exercise 33 Compete the following, writing the ansioers in ful: 2) 150-+100 a) 748 12= b) 260 +140 ) 450 x 125 = 9310 +57 3570x6830 40 The weather 110 For obvious reasons the weather is a popular topic of conversation in Norway, ast isin England. Here are some useful expressions: Hvordan er varet i dag? What's the weather like today? Det er pent vee. The weather's fine. Det er dirlig vaer. The weather's bad Deter solskinn. The sun's shining, Deter varmt. It's warm. Det regner. Its raining Det sner (or sno. I's snowing, Det bliser. It’s windy. Det er tiket. It's fogey. Deter kaldt. It's col. Det tiner (or tor. It’s thawing, Tes How would you describe the weather in Norwegian in the {following situations? Exercise 34 1 Lets go swimming, 2. Let's stay at home. 3. Youneed a raincoat. 4 We're going to havea white Christmas. 5 Hold on to your hat! 6 Dueto poor visibility you can easily get lost. 7 think you should take a warm overcoat 8 It's springtime. | Vocabulary tld vere for ttlendingen the foreigner Eplanlegge (lag) toplan as atte Feitte Cet eb sepmed —tomarry under igen during the war men the chance Poenget the point Nor fartoo ing fee Eimeste Cet <0) tomesier iiatenmetcmte,-mp tase msprikkurset the language course anstrengelsen the effort pA tre maneder in three months berbar portable kassettspilleren the cassette player anledningen (til) the opportunity (to) bindet the tape Asa (slo, slit av toswitch off fjernsynet the television midti in the middle of sipeoperaen ‘the soap opera A studere (te, -) tostudy A reagere (te, -t) to react usosial tunsociable ‘oppforselen the behaviour forsticlsesfull understanding. 4 fortelle tate, tal) totell planen the plan like interessert just as interested Conversation Norsk pi tre mineder Norwegian in three months Herr Hansen De snakker meget godt norsk til & vere utlending, fru McLeod. Fora foreigner you speak Norwegian very well, Mrs McLeod. Fru McLeod Det er hyggelig av Dem 4 si det, herr Hansen. De skjonner, min mann og jeg hadde planlagt denne turen i lang tid for vi kom til Norge. 1s very kind of you to say 80, Mr Hansen. You ‘see, before coming to Norway my husband and I +a been planning this tour for quite a long time, | Fru McLeod Herr Hansen Fru MeLeod Herr Hansen Fru McLeod Jeg forstar det. Men min nabo giftet seg, ‘med en engelsk pike under krigen, og selv tyve dr senere hadde hun ikke laert 4 snakke norsk s4 godt som De gjor. Tse, But my neigibour married an English girl during the war, and even fwenty years later she Ihadn’t learnt to speak Norwegian as well as you do! Kanskje De aldri hadde gitt henne en sjanse? ‘Maye you'd never given her a chance? Jeg tror De har et poeng der, fru McLeod. ‘Vi nordmenn eraltfor ivrige etter & vise at vvi mestrer Deres sprik. think you've gota point there, Mrs McLeod. We Norwegians are fa too enger to show that re ‘master your language. Vihadde hort det. Derfor bestemte vi oss for 4 kjope et norsk sprakkurs og gjore et alvorlig forsok pi & lare spriket pi tre maneder. So we'd heard, That's why we decided to buy a ‘Norwegian languege course and to make a serious effort to lean the ‘anguage in three months. Men hvordan larte dere de norske rene og ‘ene og y’ene? Var det ikke svaert vanskelig? But how did you Iara the Norwegian rs and 05 ‘anu y's? Wasn't that very difficult? Jo, men vi kjopte hver vir baerbare kassett- spiller. Og si ofte som vi hadde anledning, til det - fra tidlig om morgenen til sent om kvelden — Iyttet vi til ydbindene som var laget tl sprikkurset. Vi slo til og med av {jernsynet midti sipeoperaen for 4 studere norsk! Yes, but each of us Bought a portable cassette player. And as often as oe had the opportunity to 113Herr Hansen | Fru McLeod Herr Hansen Fru McLeod 14 do so ~ from early inthe morning til late at night — we listened fo the tapes made forthe language course. We even switched off the television in the ‘middle of soap operas to study Norwegian! ‘Men hvordan reagerte Deres familie og, venner pi en sé ‘usosial’ oppforsel? ‘But how did your fui and your friends react to ‘such ‘unsociable' behaviour? Naja, de var forstielsesfulle, Men vi hadde naturligyis fortalt dem om vire planer, Will, they were understanding. But of course we had told them about our plans. Dere hadde altsd ingen problemer? So you had no problems? Vart eneste problem var finne kassett- spilleme nar vi trengte dem. Vire barn var like interessert som vi i & late norsk! ‘Our only problem was to find the cassette players when we needed them. Our children were just as interested in learning Norwegian as re were! Chapter 8 ‘This chapter covers: «+ three ways of talking about the future + reflexive verbs (such as ‘to enjoy oneself’) * the relative pronoun som, which translates ‘who’, ‘whom, ‘which’ and ‘that’ + ow to say ‘as. as + how to join words and sentences using co-ordinating, conjunctions: ‘and’, ‘but’, and so on 41 The future tense ‘Norwegian has three ways of expressing what we plan to do cor what is going to happen in the future. They are by using a) the present tense ofthe principal verb (replacing the future tense or the continuous present in English) Noen mennesker tviler pé at flyplassen noen gang, blir ferdig. Some people doubt thatthe airport will ever be finished. ‘Kommer du i morgen? Are you coming tomorrow? ) the expression kommer til & ‘Den kommer til § bli altfor dys. I's going to be too expensive © the auxiliaries skal or vil and the infinitive of the Principal verb: Jeg tror ikke de vil fullfore den. don't think they will go through with it. 115Etter planen skal flypassen vaere ferdig i 1995. ‘According to the plan, the airport isto be finished in 1995. In principle there is little difference between Norwegian and English in their ways of expressing the future. But as we have already mentioned, the English auxiliaries ‘shall’ and ‘ill’ cannot automatically be translated by skal and vil. Note that the basic meaning of skal is that something is due to happen according to a decision or a plan: Etter planen skal flypassen varre ferdig i 1995. Vilis used to express what is going to happen (pure future): Flypassen vil bli (or kommer til 4 bli) for dyr. But it can also express desire or will: Jeg vil komme. I want to come’ Vocabulary avatute Cet, -e0 tofinish atbeidet fhe woik etterph afterwards ferdig ready, ished ‘om fem minutter in five minutes A gjore gjorde, gjord) to dosome shopping. noen innkjop derfra from there hydrofoilen the hydrofoil ‘moro fan ikke .. for not .. till 116 Exercise 35 ‘Translate: 1 First I shall finish my work. 2. Afterwards we shall have dinner. 3. The dinner will be ready in half an hour. oa 42 Reflexive verbs am going to do some shopping. | From there we shall go by hydrofoil to Bergen. Te will be fun! ‘We won't be back till Sunday. 4 5 6 Tomorrow we shall go by plane to Stavanger. 7 8 ° A glede segto enjoy ones sa reflexive verb (ie. the fection is aried out by the subject on itself). Reflexive verbs fr conjugate as follows is Ly eer (By se ow {a i wee} or [ree Past iense: Jeg gledet meg, etc. enjoyed myself, et. Perfect tense: Jeg har gledet meg, etc. have enjoyed myself, tc ‘The reflexive pronoun seg is used in the 3rd person singular and plural. In the Ist and 2nd person singular and plural we use the object form of the personal pronouns (meg, deg, 058, dere). (See sec. 19.) Reflexive verbs are much more common in Norwegian than in English, Here are some examples: tositdown A sette ose lo goto bed, legge seg, u7Ahvile seg torest A hygge (et, -et) tchave a good time Asteekke seg tostretch 4 slanke Cet -eb seg teslim Aboye seg to submit, to bend down ‘vitte Get) segmed to get id of Ake pi seg to get dressed overtlodig superfluous, excess A bekymre seg toworry a A skynde seg tohury 7 z Morlove seg toget engaged Exercise 36 A pifte seg to get married Askille seg to get divorced A. Conjugate inthe present tense: Aundre seg towonder Jeg setter meg (Jeg setter meg, du setter. ete) B Translate 1 When do you go to bed? 2 Usually we go to bed at half past eleven, 3. Thelitle children go to bed at half past seven. 4 In the morning we would all like to rest a Compare: longer. Note that meg selv (deg selv, seg selv etc.) is only used for emphasis: Jeg vasker meg, I wash myself/I get washed. Jeg vasker meg selv. [wash myself (ie. Ido it mysell). Jeg vasker klzeme selv. [wash the clothes myself Butye havea act off yok tn tine ‘Kjenn deg selv! Know yourself! 6 We wash and dress in a hurry. 7 Only on Sundays can we have a good time at the Study the following examples: Cal cursinds Hian [Mr Olsen] bad henne om & vekke seg [Mr Olsen] I. 8 ; 4 excess kilos! Se eit cinnmsvare 8 _Wedon’t need to slim to getri of excess kik Han [Mr Olsen] bad henne om & vekke ham [Mr Hansen] = ee 4 ! KL 8. He asked her to call him at 8 o lock. 5 43 The relative pronoun [Note thatthe reflexive pronoun seg must be used when ee ee Sans ne fadeereglns do ale an pe ee rete abet ee ls ea ‘Vocabulary different English pronouns ‘who, ‘whom’, ‘which’ and ‘that’: ee alae ee to goto bed Damen som vil kjope huset, er nettopp kemmet. Homme tom tommed fot towark a a Ns a eee ae Hine eee ber cole rece oe ti at 118 19Disse fjelltoppene, som er de hoyeste i Norge, heter Galdhopiggen og Glittertind. ‘These mountain tops, which are the highest in Norway, are called Galdhapiggen and Glitertin. Jeg har kjopt bokene (som) du bad om. Thave bought the books (that) you asked for. ‘AS you can see from the second and the last examples above, the relative pronoun can sometimes be left out ifit is not the ‘subject of the elative clause. This also happens in English, Hvis is the genitive form of som, buti little used except in traditional) written language Mannen hvis bil var blittstllet, meldte tyveriet til polities, The man whose car had been stolen reported the theft to the police, ‘The less formal version would be: Mannen som bilen var Diittstalet fra. Note that som is also used in combination with other ‘Pronouns, as in den som, det som, hva som, alt som, Den som gjorde det, ma betale for det. Whoever did it must pay for it. Det (som) du sa, var sant, ‘What you said was true. Ha som enn hender, ‘Whatever happens, All det (som) du gjorde, var riktig. Everything you did was right. Vocabulary I morgen this morning Iyden stiket thenowe Svekke Get -e8 agen to wake somebody up gene ente-nd toknow avingten the paper boy orpenaviten ene caer meee atey : i Tete torn Lmiccateatoy gotten | nah ‘eee Taques a Exercise 37 Danslate: From my window Iw a boy (whom) I knew 1 This morning Ihearda nose which woke me up. | very wel 3 Itwas the paper boy who brought the morning Paper. 4 took the newspaper, which was lying inside 5. The paper that I was ‘eading had (lit. brought) a report on a bank robbery, the front door. | © Then my wife, who usually gets up first, came to have breakfast with me, 7 She sat down at the breakfast table, and I told her ‘what I had read in the newspaper | 8 The bank whose money was stolen was (situated) just next to the station,44 More about comparison 122 ‘The English comparison ‘as... as’ is expressed by like ... som or liksi... som or si... som: Hun er like (or liksa) flink som sin bror. ‘She is as clever as her brother. Disse veiene er ikke si bratte som veiene pi Vestlandet, ‘These roads aren't as steep as the roads in Western Norway. ‘Kom og besok meg si ofte (som) du kan. ‘Come and see me as often as you can. In the last sentence som can be omitted, Some comparative forms can be used without any explicit ‘comparison being made at all: ‘en yngre dame a youngish (lit. younger) lady cen eldre mann an elderly (lit. older) man ilengre tid for quite a long time cen storre sum penger a considerable sum of money cet mindre uhell a minor accident fen bedre middag, a (very) good dinner Some superlatives are used in a similar way to express a (fairly) high degree: sed den storste fomoyelse with the greatest of pleasure hans minete onske hislightest wish ihoyeste grad in the highest degree i den beste hensikt from the best of motives Vocabulary Lngem cross-country skiing stalim Slalom utfortrenn) dlownhil (skiing) popalae pores Eines tong Kyten theca Kreditkortet the rei card lett, gjere readily 4 godta (tok tat) toaccept middelaldrende middle-aged A hoppe Cet, -ct) tojump sierdet the fence Tettheten the ease mistanken the suspicion Exercise 38 Translate: 1 Cross-country skiing is as exciting as slalom and downhill. 2. Mountain tours are as popular as cruises along, the coast. ‘This room is not as comfortable as the cther one. You can stay as long as you want. Credit cards are not as readily accepted in Norway as in the USA and Canada. 6 Anelderly lady is not as old as an old lady but she is older than a middle-aged lady. 7 He jumped over the fence with the grestest ease. 8 Noone had the slightest suspicion. 45 Co-ordinating conjunctions ‘The so-called co-ordinating conjunctions ~ og ‘and’, men “but, ec. - are used to connect words and sentences. They can express the following: Connection be 0g both and 123,Alternatives = | either ... or Exercise 39 1 ' pes im 6 tected Ntare td because 3 This room overlooks the park, while the other one | 4 Ill take this one, because [like peace and quiet. gutt og pike boy and girl bide han og hun both he and she . enten den store eller den lille either the big one or the small one = vverken for langsomt eller for fort neither too slowly nor too fast ‘You can either take a train or fly. fattig, men stolt poor but proud ‘Vocabulary } En lo, mens den andre grit. inmbydelsen the invitation One laughed, while the other cred jer dear } Jeg gikk ikke, for jeg var forkjolet. geet: ae inlaw i T didn’t go because Thad a cold. Bee i deilig, lovely | ‘Mcetve dtakke for don't mention it {it nothing to thank for) Vocabulary ire (40-0 pt to wonder Abi tote bli) med tojoin pent, fint nice akkurat ni just now | noksa,ganske faily Theve Cee) focash sentralt central reisesjekken the traveller's cheque nattktubben the nightelab teisebyret the travel agency badstuen the sauna opplysningene (pl) the information svommebassenget the swimming pool feden the peace A giubsiktover to overlook roen the quiet Avende(dte,-d0) mot toface resten therest fred og r0 peace and quiet ete Get 20 to tease vidunderlig wonderful {ha thadde, hat) lyst (GD) would love to) | Aili cgav gt to forgive koppen thecup nydelig delicious 124 125eplekaken the apple tart ahente Get, -e) to pick up passe Cet,-et) pasom to keep a close watch on (lit, en smed ‘watch like a blacksmith) (ee | Conversation ‘Anthony McLeod Ja, men akkurat ni er Janice i banken for & heve noen reisesjekker. Og etterpa skal hun til reisebyriet for & hente billettene til Hurtigruten og for 4 fa flere opplysninger om turen vir til Nord-Norge ineste uke. Yes, but ust now Janice is inthe bank cash- ing some trevellers' cheques. And aftr that she's going tothe travel agency to cllect our tikes forthe Coastal Express and to get Innbydelse til en fottur i Nordmarka some more information abot our tour to Invitation to a walking tour in Nordmarka [Norther Noro next eek 1 iri McLeod Men det tarda ikke hele dagent Sti McLeod Hei Anthony Detter Si. : Dur td ate a day Hello, Anthony! This is Sir ltl ‘Anthony McLeod Hei, kjere svigerinne. Takk fri gar, Anthony McLeod Jeg vt dt men tera jog mote sam dere ser Norge Det area en Seas ae Thnow, but after that I'm to meet Janice in Hell, dear sister-in-law! Thank you for Pe se ices comgnand dir stony sou i in Narn 0 uh oa ‘lovey day! fcLeod _Jeg forstir. Og etter det skal dere spise Siri McLeod Ikke noe &takke for Det var sé hyggelig ee eae eee aere sk teoie 2 {ha dee. Vi lure pi om dere hadde ist nance ie tcc a ine vat pee tt Tse, And after that yo hve bunch, ad eee re after that youl be 30 red that youl need Don't mention it! I as so nce having yo. sere alt fa eat of tata We rwordered if you'd ike tin ws for a stl in Nondmara today? Anthony MeLeod tke ert me, Sir, Det x ikke deta te vi ikke onsker ise ditt vidunderlige Anthony MeLeod_S& hygaelig av dere Siri. Men i dag har earba ect da. Vi bar veldig vi det altfor travel. evant 7 How nce of you, Sr. But td wre Stop teasing me, Sr! 1s not that we don't too busy. ‘want to see your wonderful Nordmark, you Sisi MeLeod Travel dere? Men dere ero pi ferie, Jone. We'd ove to! Ake sant? . on : Siri McLeod Tilgi meg, Anthony, Ha med i morgen, Busy, you? But you're on holiday, - re * wd oe Forgive me, Anthony. What about fomorre ther? - 126 wzAnthony McLeod Det er fint! That wil be fine! SiriMcLeod OK, da. Og veers snill 4 si til Janice at etter fotturen skal hun f4 en deilig kopp te 0g en nydelig eplekake pi Holmenkollen hotell. OK, then. And please tll Janice that after the walk shel get a nice cup of tn aid @

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