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Bi tp 1: M hnh Cournot
C nh c quyn 2 hng cnh tranh vi nhau, sn xut sn phm ging
nhau v bit ng cu th trng l P = 45 Q. Trong Q tng sn lng
ca 2 hng( Q = Q1 + Q2), gi s 2 hng c hm chi ph cn bin bng
khng.
a. Tm hm phn ng ca mi hng ti a ha li nhun?
b. Mi hng sn xut bao nhiu khi gi th trng l bao nhiu?
c. Gi nh 2 hng c th cu kt vi nhau v chp nhn li nhun nh
nhau, khi sn lng mi hng t c bao nhiu?
d. V th minh ha.
Li gii:
MAX th MRi = MC
Tng doanh thu ca hng 1: TR1 = P. Q1 = (45 Q) Q1
TR1 =[45 (Q1 + Q1 )]Q1= 45Q1 Q21 Q1 Q2
Doanh thu bin ca hng 1: MR1 = 45 2Q1 Q2
a.
xut ti MR = MC
Tng doanh thu ca hng : TR = P. Q = (45 Q) Q
= 45Q Q2
Doanh thu bin ca hng : MR = 45 2Q
V MC = 0 => MR = 0 45 2Q = 0 2Q = 45 => Q = 22,5
Mi kt hp (Q1+ Q2) l ti a ha li nhun
ng (Q1 + Q2) l ng hp ng
Nu 2 hng chp nhn li nhun l nh nhau th mi hng sn xut 1 na
sn lng: Q1,2 = Q/2 = Q1 + Q2 = 22,5/2 = 11,25 Q1 = Q2 = 11,25
Khi gi th trng s l: P = 45 Q
= 45 22,5 = 22,5 P = 22,5
d.
th
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Q1
ng phn ng
ca hng 2
45
ng hp ng
Cn bng Cournot
22,5
ng phn ng
ca hng 1
15
11,25
11,25 15
22,5
45
Q2
Bi tp 2: M hnh Stackelberg
ng cu th trng c cho bi P = 45 Q. Trong Q l tng sn
lng ca c hai hng(Q = Q1 + Q2), gi nh hng 1 t sn lng trc v
gi nh c chi ph cn bin ca hng bng khng.
a. Tm hm phn ng ca hng 2 ti a ha li nhun?
b. Mi hng sn xut bao nhiu khi gi th trng l bao nhiu?
c. V th minh ha.
Li gii:
a. Hng 1 t sn lng trc, hng 2 quan st sn lng ca hng 1 ra
quyt nh, hng 2 ra quyt nh sau hng 1 coi sn lng hng 1 l c nh,
do MAX th MR2 = MC ng phn ng ca hng 2 chnh l
ng phn ng Cournot ca hng 2: Q2 = 22,5 0,5Q1
b. Hng 1 chn mc sn lng Q1 ti MR1 = MC
Tng doanh thu ca hng 1: TR1 = P. Q1 = (45 Q) Q1
TR1 = [45 (Q1 + Q2 )]Q1 = 45Q1 Q21 Q1 Q2
= 45Q1 Q21 Q1 (22,5 0,5Q1)
= 22,5Q1 0,5Q21
Doanh thu bin ca hng 1: MR1 = 22,5 Q1
Do MC = 0 => MR1 = 0 22,5 Q1 = 0
Sn lng ca hng 1: Q1 = 22,5
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Q1
ng phn ng
ca hng 2
45
22,5
11,25
22,5
Q2
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b. V th minh ha.
Li gii:
a. ti a ha li nhun mi hng la chn quyt nh sn xut trn c s
P
45
P = 45 - Q
MC
4,5
0
40,25
45
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ng phn ng
ca hng 2
Cn bng cu kt
Cn bng Nash
ng phn ng
ca hng 1
3,75
3,75
P2
Bi tp 5: Cartel
Mt nh c quyn tp on gm 2 hng nh vi hm cu th trng nh
sau: P = 12 Q, cc hng ny sn xut vi hm chi ph bnh qun tng ng
l: ATC1 = 2 + Q1, ATC2 = 1 + Q2
a. Xc lp hm chi ph cn bin ca nh c quyn tp on ny nu nh
nh c quyn s dng ti u nh my ca mnh.
b. Mc sn lng v gi bn ti u ca c tp on(cartel) bng bao nhiu?
c. ti thiu ha chi ph ca c tp on th sn lng ca mi hng nh
l bao nhiu?
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P
12
MC1=2+2Q1
MC2=1+2Q2
8,5
MCT =
1+2Q (Q0,5)
1,5+Q (Q>0,5)
5
MR
2
1
0 0,5 1,5 2
3,5
12
Bi tp t lm
Mt Cartel c 2 thnh vin vi cc ng chi ph cn bin tng ng l:
MC1 = 15 + Q1, MC2 = 20 + Q2
Cu v sn phm ca cartel l P = 150 Q
a. Tm ng chi ph cn bin tng cng cho cartel
b. Tm mc sn lng v gi bn ti a ha li nhun cho cartel
c. ti thiu ha chi ph cho mc sn lng trn, cartel phi phn chia sn
lng cho cc thnh vin nh th no?
d. Minh ha cc kt qu trn.
Bi tp 6: M hnh ch o gi
Th trng sn phm X c ng cu D: P = 120 Q. bao gm 1 hng ln
gi vai tr ch o gi vi hm TCL = 10Q + 0,5Q2 v nhiu doanh nghip
nh vi ng cung tng ng: P = 0,25QN
a.
Xc nh ng cu ca hng ln DL
b.
Gi bn, sn lng v li nhun ca hng ln l
bao nhiu?
c.
Tnh gi v sn lng ca cc hng nh?
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d.
Li gii:
a. Xc nh ng cu ca hng ln DL
im chn trn ng cu ca hng ln DL c xc nh ti MCN = P
P = 120 Q; MCN = 0,25Q 0,25Q = 120 Q => Q = 96
=> P = 120 96 = 24
=> P = 24
ng cu ca hng ln DL:
QL = QT QN
(0 < Q < 120 )
PT = 120 Q => QT = 120 P; P = 0,25QN => QN = 4P
QL = (120 P) (4P) = 120 5P
QL = 120 5P
(0 P < 24)
PL = 24 0,2Q
(0 < Q 120)
b. Gi bn, sn lng v li nhun ca hng ln:
MAX ti MRL = MCL ;
PL = 24 0,2Q => MRL = 24 0,4Q
TCL = 10Q + 0,5Q2 => MCL = 10 + Q
MRL = MCL 24 0,4Q = 10 + Q => QL = 10
PL = 24 0,2Q = 24 0,2.10 = 22 => PL = 22
L = TR TC
TR = P.Q = 22. 10 = 220
TC = 10Q + 0,5Q2 = 10.10 + 0,5.102 = 150
L = 220 150 = 70
L = 70
c.
Gi v sn lng ca cc hng nh:
PN = PL PN = 22; P = MCN 22 = 0,25QN => QN = 88
Hoc QN = QT QL; QT = 120 P = 120 22 = 98
QN = 98 10 = 88
d. th
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P
120
DT
MCL
65
MCN
24
22
10
DL
10
55 60 88
96 98
120
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QT QN
(3,5 < P < 11,75) (0 < Q < 165 )
QT = 200 10P; MCN = 3,5 + 0,1QN => QN = 10P 35
QL = (200 10P) (10P 35) => QL = 235 20P PL= 11,75 0,05Q
QL = 200 10P
(0 < P 3,5)
235 20P (3,5 < P < 11,75)
PL = 20 0,1Q
(165 Q 200)
11,75 0,05Q
(0 < Q < 165 )
b. Xc nh sn lng v gi bn ca hng ln
MCL = MRL ; MCL = 2 + 0,02Q
MRL = 20 0,2Q
(165 Q 200)
11,75 0,1Q
(0 < Q < 165)
2 + 0,02Q = 20 0,2Q => Q = 81,82 => loi v (165 Q 200)
11,75 0,1Q => QL = 81,25
(0 < Q < 165 )
PL = 11,75 0,05.QL PL = 11,75 0,05.81,25 PL = 7,6875
QL = 235 20P = 235 20.7,6875
QL = 81,25
c.
Phn chia sn lng cho hng nh
P = MCN => 7,6875 = 3,5 + 0,1QN => QN = 41,875
Hoc QN = QT QL = 123,125 81,25 = 41,875
d. th
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P
20
MCN
11,75
7,687
5
MCL
DL
3,5
2
0
41,875
81,25
82,5
200
Q
MRL
123,125
165
Bi tp 8: Bi tp tng hp
Mt nh c quyn c tng chi ph l TC = 5 + 25Q . Cu v sn phm ca
nh c quyn ny l P = 125 Q. Trong gi v chi ph tnh bng trm
nghn ng, sn lng tnh bng nghn n v.
a. Gi v sn lng nh c quyn ti a ho li nhun l bao nhiu?
Tnh li nhun ti a m hng ny thu c?
b. Gi s th trng sn phm ny xut hin thm mt hng th 2 hon ton
ging hng 1 tham gia vo th trng v cnh tranh vi nhau th gi, sn
lng ca th trng l bao nhiu? mi hng s thu c li nhun l bao
nhiu?
c. Nu cc hng hnh ng theo li khng hp tc th cn bng Cournot
gi s l bao nhiu? Li nhun ca mi hng l bao nhiu?
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P
125
MR
75
D
MC
25
50
62,5
125
b.
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TR1 = (125 Q1 Q2)Q1 = 125Q1 Q21 Q2Q1 => MR1 = 125 2Q1 Q2
TC1 = 5 + 25Q1 => MC1 = 25
125 2Q1 Q2 = 25 => Q1 = 50 0,5Q2 (1)
2 ti MR2 = MC2
=> Q2 = 50 0,5Q1
(2)
th cu b
P
125
DT
MC
25
th cu c
0
125
Q1
100
Q
ng phn ng
ca hng 2
100
Cn bng Cournot
ng phn ng
ca hng 1
50
33,3
33,3
50
100
Q2
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25
50
Q2
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