Tp ch A CHT, lot A, s 299, 3-4/2007, tr.

25-30

CC CU TRC HNH THI B NAM CN SN

NG VN BT1, C MINH HONG 2, NG TH KIM CHI1, NGUYN QUC
HNG1,
2
NGUYN TH ANH TH , L CHI MAI3, NGUYN KHC C1
1

Trng i hc M - a cht; 2Cng ty Thm d Khai thc Du kh; 3Vin Du

kh Vit Nam

Tm tt: B Nam Cn Sn l mt trong nhng bn trng c tim nng du

kh ln thm lc a Nam Vit Nam. B c hnh thnh do qu trnh tch
gin bin ng v va chm ca mng -u vi mng n-c vi lp ph
Kainozoi dy. Trn c s phn tch cu trc ca mng v c im a cht
ca lp ph Kainozoi, cc tc gi phn chia 5 n v cu trc hnh thi
ca b nh sau: 1. Nng a lu i Hng, 2. Vng st trung tm, 3. Nng
dng bc Hng, 4. Nng dng khi ng nam, 5. Nng phn d Ty - ty bc.
Cc cu trc hnh thi phn cch vi nhau bi cc h thng t gy. Phn
tch cu trc hnh thi cho php cc tc gi nhn xt b Nam Cn Sn c xu
hng bin dng theo phng ng bc - ty nam ng bc, sang phng
kinh tuyn pha ty v ty nam.

Nam Cn Sn l mt bn trng
ln c din tch khong gn
100.000 km2, nm thm lc a
Nam Vit Nam. Cng vi b Cu Long,
Nam Cn Sn l mt trong nhng b c
tim nng du kh. gp phn lm sng t
cu trc a cht v lch s tin ho ca b,
trong bi bo ny cc tc gi cp n cc
cu trc hnh thi ca b. Khi nim cu trc
hnh thi l mt khi nim c V. P.
Gerasimov a vo trong vn liu a cht a mo t nhng nm 40 ca th k trc
ch cc cu trc a cht th hin trc tip trn
a hnh hin ti, hay ni mt cch khc l a
hnh hin ti phn nh cu trc a cht thnh
to nn chng. Vic phn tch cc cu trc hnh
thi cho php chng ta xc nh mi quan h
gia a hnh vi cu trc a cht, t c th
xc nh cc cu trc thun li tch t du kh.
Trc khi nghin cu chi tit cc cu trc hnh
thi, chng ta cng xem xt v tr ca b Nam
Cn Sn trn bnh kin trc khu vc.

I. V TR KIN TO CA B NAM
CN SN
B Nam Cn Sn b gii hn v pha bc
bi i nng Phan Rang, ngn cch vi b
Ph Khnh pha ty bc bi i nng Cn
Sn, ngn cch vi b Cu Long pha ty
v pha nam bi i nng Khorat-Natuna.
Ranh gii pha ng, ng nam ca b c
gii hn bi n nghing Lt - Vng
My v b Trng Sa, pha ng nam l b
Vng My.
V tr kin to ca b Nam Cn Sn c
th hin trn Hnh 1. Trn s ny, chng
ta thy rt r b nm trn kiu v chuyn
tip gia cc min v lc a v kiu v i
dng.
Min v lc a bao gm cc a khi
Inosini v Ty Borneo vi cc ai un np
Hercyni mun Thi Lan - Malaysia, cc ai
pluton Mesozoi mun ra lc a ng .
Cc cu trc ny u chu tc ng mnh
ca qu trnh hot ho magma-kin to trong
25

Mesozoi-Kainozoi, nh cc vng chng

Mesozoi c thnh to. ai xm nhp
pluton Mesozoi mun ra lc a ng
nh hng trc tip n c trng cu trc,
thnh phn mng ca cc b Kainozoi trn
thm lc a, trong c b Nam Cn Sn.
Trong giai on Kainozoi, thm lc a Vit
Nam b chi phi bi 2 trng kin to c
bn: trng kin to Himalaya v trng
kin to Bin ng. Trng kin to

Himalaya c c trng bi qu trnh nn

p ty bc v cng gin ty nam, to nn
cc cu trc to tia, ko tch. Trng kin
to Bin ng c c trng bi qu trnh
tch gin theo phng ng bc - ty nam.
B Nam Cn Sn hnh thnh v pht trin
trn mng ca a khi Inosini, b chi phi
bi hai trng kin to nu trn to nn
cc cu trc bc cao khc nhau, va b phn
ct dc v phn ct ngang.

Hnh 1. V tr b Nam Cn Sn trn thm lc a Vit Nam

i nng Cn Sn l mt phc np li
pht trin ko di theo phng ng bc.
pha ty nam, i nng ny gn lin vi i
nng Khorat-Natuna, nh cao v l ra o
Cn Sn. i nng ny ch yu cu to bi
cc xm nhp v phun tro thuc ai
pluton ra lc a ng c tui Mesozoi
mun. Cn lu rng, i nng KhoratNatuna l mt b phn ca lc a Sunda c,
ko di theo phng ty bc - ng nam t
Thi Lan qua ty nam Vit Nam v xung
n o Sunda ca Inonesia. i nng
Phan Rang l mt b phn ca a khi
Inosini b st ln theo qu trnh st ln ca

thm lc a Vit Nam. i ny c cu

to ch yu bi cc xm nhp, phun tro,
trm tch phun tro c tui Mesozoi giamun. Nh vy, min v chuyn tip y
thc cht l min v lc a b thoi ho v
nhn chm trong Kainozoi.
II. CC CU TRC HNH THI B
NAM CN SN
Hin nay, cha c mt cng trnh nghin
cu no cp chi tit v cu trc hnh thi
ca b Nam Cn Sn*. Nguyn Trng Tn
[2], trong lun n Tin s v cc by du kh
ca b v C Minh Hong [1], trong lun n

* 26
Trong quyn a cht v Ti nguyn du kh Vit Nam ca Tp on Du kh Vit Nam do Nguyn
Hip ch bin, Nxb. KH&KT, 2007, Nguyn Giao v Nguyn Trng Tn c bi B trm tch Nam Cn
Sn v ti nguyn du kh: 317-361 m bn c c th tham kho thm (BBT).

Tin s v tng lc nguyn cha du kh tui

Miocen, mi ch dng li mc phn
chia cc n v cu trc ca b da theo
nhng c im v cu trc a cht.
Trong cng trnh nghin cu ny,
ng trn quan im cu trc hnh
thi ca V.P. Gerasimov [2], cc tc gi
cp n vic phn chia chi tit cc cu trc
hnh thi ca b, gp phn vo vic nghin
cu a ng lc v c ch hnh thnh cc b
trn thm lc a Vit Nam. Phi khng nh
rng, vic phn chia cc cu trc hnh thi
cn phi da trn nhng tiu ch nht nh,
trc ht phi da
trn hai yu t c
bn l c im a
hnh v cu trc a
cht. B Nam Cn
Sn hin nay
c cc trm tch
Kainozoi lp y vi
dy kh ln. a
hnh y bin, vi
su trn di 100
m, to thnh mt b
khp kn, t phn d.
V vy, nu s dng
c im a hnh
hin ti phn tch
cu trc hnh thi th
khng phn nh
c ni dung, bn
cht ca cc cu
trc. khc phc
iu ny, cc tc gi
chn a hnh ca
b mt mng trc
Kainozoi ca b lm
tiu ch quan trng
phn tch. Trong
cc bn v b mt
bt chnh hp
c thnh lp theo
cc ti liu a vt l
th b mt mng th hin mc phn d r
rt nht.

S phn d a hnh ca a hnh mng

lin quan cht ch vi a ng lc ca khu
vc trong Kainozoi. Tiu ch cu trc y
Hnh 2. Cc cu trc hnh thi b Nam Cn Sn
c da trn khng nhng cu trc mng
m cn da vo cu trc ca cc lp ph
Kainozoi, dy v c im bin dng ca
chng. Tn gi ca cc kiu cu trc hnh
thi c th gn vi a danh hoc v tr khu
vc. Ranh gii ca cc kiu cu trc hnh
thi thng trng vi ranh gii ca cc h
thng t gy, m s th hin ca chng trn

a hnh b mt mng l nhng vch dc

ng, c s thay i su rt nhanh. Da
trn nhng tiu ch trn, cc cu trc hnh
27

thi ca b Nam Cn Sn c th c phn

chia nh sau (Hnh 2).
1. Cu trc nng a lu i Hng
y l cu trc hnh thi nm ng bc
ca b, ko di theo phng ng bc - ty
nam, c ngn cch bi khi nng Cn
Sn pha ng bc bng mt i st su
n 6000-8000 m. i st ny chnh l biu
hin trc tip ca t gy ty bc i Hng.
Cng i v pha nam, t gy ny c xu
hng chy theo phng v tuyn, lm cho
a ly cng c m rng. Cnh ng nam
ca cu trc hnh thi cng c gii hn
bi h thng t gy chy theo phng ng
bc - ty nam, th hin trn a hnh l mt
vch dc t su 10.000 n 13.000 m.
Hai h thng t gy ny lm cho a lu
c hnh thi bt i xng. Cu trc hnh thi
c bt u t cu to nng a phng
ng bc ca vng, ni t ging khoan 4B1X. Ti y mng nh cao n su 2000
m. i v pha ng nam, mng tip tc ln
chm n su 3000 m ( ging khoan
04A-1X); 3200-3400 m ( ging khoan H1; H-3 thuc l 05-1) v 5000-6000 m (
pha ng bc ca l 11-1). Nh vy b mt
mng trc Kainozoi hon ton trng vi
cu trc nng i Hng, ni ang khai thc
m du kh quan trng ca b Nam Cn
Sn. Cu trc hnh thi cn b x dch bi
hng lot cc h thng t gy tr c phng
kinh tuyn. Lp ph Kainozoi y ch yu
l cc trm tch lc nguyn c tui Miocen
sm-gia, vi Miocen gia v trn cng
l trm tch Miocen mun - t.
2. Vng st Trung tm
y l mt vng st chim din tch ln
trung tm v pha ng ca b Nam Cn
Sn, chim ton b din tch ca l 05-3,
mt t ca l 05-2 pha ng v l 11-2
pha ty. Vng st ko di theo phng
ng bc - ty nam, trng vi phng
chung ca b trm tch Kainozoi nguyn
sinh Nam Cn Sn. Tuy vy, v mt hnh
thi, vng Trung tm c hnh dng rt phc
28

tp, b thu hp din tch phn gia do khi

nng pha ng nam ca b nh cao. Khi
nng ny chia vng thnh hai phn. Phn
pha bc c din tch trng vi phn pha
bc ca l 05-3, c gii hn bi ng
ng su 14.000 m ca mng. ng ng
su ny to cho phn nam ca vng c dng
bu dc, m trc di chy theo phng ty
bc - ng nam. Nh vy, c th nhn xt
rng, vng Trung tm c xu hng chuyn
trc ln chm t phng v tuyn pha bc
sang phng ty bc - ng nam pha
nam. Vng st Trung tm c c trng
bi qu trnh kin to st ln mnh t
su 1400 m ven ra n 14.000 m trung
tm. Graien st ln y c th t ti
500-1000 m. Trng c lp y bi cc
trm tch Oligocen di cng vi c trng
thnh phn phc tp v dy ln. Khng
loi tr kh nng c mt cc thnh to
Eocen trung tm ca vng. Phn trung
tm ca vng, tuy chiu su ln, nhng tn
ti mt s cu trc nng bc cao, c kch
thc khng ln nh cu to Th tinh, Mc
tinh, Thin ng. l cc cu trc kiu a
lu c tim nng cha du kh. Cc thnh
to Kainozoi y c kh nng b phc tp
ho bi cc thnh to magma hnh nm, cc
ai mch.
3. Cu trc nng dng bc Hng
Cu trc hnh thi ny nm pha nam
ca b Nam Cn Sn trn phm vi din tch
ca cc l 12E, 12W v chy theo phng
ng bc - ty nam. Cnh ng nam ca
cu trc ny c gii hn bi h thng t
gy Hng, to thnh vch dc ng vi
su ca mng v tr t 1000 m b st n
trn 6000 m. Pha bc ca cu trc hnh thi
b gii hn bi t gy chy theo phng v
tuyn, ngn cch vi cu trc hnh thi nng
Ty Bc. t gy ny nm pha nam ca
ging khoan 12C-1X. Tnh nng dng bc
ca cu trc hnh thi c th hin r nt
trn su hin ti ca b mt mng. Phn
nh cao nht ca mng n su 1000 m
nm trn cu to Hng (ti v tr ging

khoan Hng-1X). T y mng h thp dn

v pha ty bc trn nhng su khc
nhau. C th ghi nhn ba bc ca mng
cc su 3000-3200 m; 3800-4200 m v
6000 m. Cc bc ny u lin quan cht ch
n cc cnh st ca h thng t gy chy
theo phng ng bc - ty nam. T y c
th suy on c c ly dch trt thng
ng ca chng t ti hng vi trm m.
Trn a hnh mt mng cc bc ny to
thnh nhng trng bt i xng song song,
ko di. Cc trng c su ln thng
nm pha ty bc.
4. Cu trc nng dng khi ng nam
Cu trc hnh thi nng dng khi phn
b ng nam b, trn phm vi l 06; 06-1,
b gii hn pha ty bi t gy Da, pha
bc l t gy chy theo phng v tuyn,
gn trng vi v 7o50. Ti y, a hnh
mng c nng cao nht ti su 3400
m ging khoan 06-D-1X. Khc vi cc
cu trc hnh thi nu trn, cu trc ny
c c trng l b chia ct thnh tng khi
bi cc h thng t gy chy theo phng
kinh tuyn v v tuyn. Kch thc ca
mi khi t khong hng chc kilomet
vung. Khu vc ty bc b st ln mnh
nht v chuyn tip dn xung vng Trung
tm. Nhn chung trn ton b b, cu trc
hnh thi ny b chia ct, ph hu mnh
nht. Pha ty ca cu trc l khi nng
Da, ni c mng nh cao n su 4200
m. Khi nng ny c din tch khong 400
km2 nng ln nh l mt cu to c lp.
5. Cu trc nng phn d Ty-Ty bc
Cu trc hnh thi ny nm pha ty v
ty bc ca b, trn cc l 27, 28, 29 v na
pha ty ca cc l 19, 20, 21, 22. Chng b
gii hn bi t gy Sng ng Nai pha
ng v t gy Sng Hu pha ty. Cu
trc chy theo phng hu nh l kinh
tuyn. c gii hn pha bc bi khi
nng Cn Sn, ni a hnh mng nng cao
gn 300 m, cu trc hnh thi c phng
thay i r rt so vi khi nng ny. c

trng phn d ca cu trc c th hin

trn a hnh mng l nhng di st dng
bc t ty sang ng, t t gy Sng Hu
sang t gy Sng ng Nai, ni mng c
su t 1500 n 3000 m. Nh vy, cu
trc c c trng bi s st nghing v
pha ng do kt qu hot ng t gy
khi tng pht trin theo phng bc nam
to nn. Bn cnh , tnh phn d cn c
th hin bi cc trng hp su n 30004000 m ca b mt mng, chy theo
phng ng bc - ty nam. Pha ty ca
t gy Sng Hu, ni tip xc vi khi
nng Khorat-Natuna, a hnh mng tng
i n nh, pht trin nh l mt n
nghing, nghing dn v pha ng. Bn
cnh nhng h thng t gy chy theo
phng kinh tuyn, ti y cn gp nhng
h thng t gy chy theo phng ng
bc - ty nam. Cc h thng t gy ny
u b x dch bi h thng t gy theo
phng kinh tuyn vi c li ti hng trm
m. iu chng t h thng t gy
phng kinh tuyn l nhng t gy tr.
Chiu dy ca trm tch Kainozoi y t
ti 5000 m.
T vic phn tch cu trc hnh thi trn
c th nhn xt l cc cu trc hnh thi
b Nam Cn Sn c phng cu trc khc
nhau. pha ng, ng bc ca b, cu
trc a lu i Hng, vng st Trung tm
u c phng ng bc - ty nam. pha
ty v pha nam cc cu trc hnh thi c
phng kinh tuyn. gc ng nam ca
b, trn cu trc nng khi tng ng nam
cc khi cng c xu hng chy theo
phng ng bc - ty nam. Cc cu trc
hnh thi ny cng b khng ch bi nhng
h thng t gy c phng khc nhau:
phng ng bc - ty nam v phng
kinh tuyn bc-nam. Nh vy, trn bnh
cu trc hin ti, b Nam Cn Sn c xu
hng thay i phng cu trc t ng
bc - ty nam sang bc-nam. y l mt
vn cn c tip tc nghin cu trn c
s phn tch a ng lc khu vc.
29

T nhng kt qu nghin cu trn, c

th rt ra mt s kt lun sau y:
1. B Nam Cn Sn hnh thnh v pht
trin trn min v lc a b thoi ho v
nhn chm trong Kainozoi. B hnh thnh
trn mng ca a khi Inosini, b chi phi
bi hai trng kin to khu vc l cc
trng kin to Himalaya v Bin ng.
2. B c phn chia thnh nm n v
cu trc hnh thi: nng a lu i Hng;
vng st Trung tm; nng dng bc Hng;
nng dng khi ng nam v cu trc hnh
thi nng phn d Ty - Ty bc. Cc cu
trc hnh thi k trn b khng ch bi cc
t gy c phng khc nhau: t gy ty
bc i Hng, ty bc vng st Trung tm
c phng ng bc - ty nam, t gy
Sng Hu, Sng ng Nai, Hng c
phng kinh tuyn.
3. Cc cu trc hnh thi v cc h thng
t gy lm cho bnh cu trc ca b

Nam Cn Sn c xu hng bin dng t

phng ng bc - ty nam pha ng bc
sang phng kinh tuyn pha ty v nam.
Bi bo c hon thnh vi s h tr
ca Chng trnh Nghin cu c bn, ti
mang m s 7.145.06.
VN LIU
1. C Minh Hong, 2005. c im
a cht cc thnh to lc nguyn cha
du kh tui Miocen b Nam Cn Sn.
Tm tt lun n TS a cht. i hc Ma cht, H Ni.
2. Nguyn Trng Tn, 1996. Cu trc v
lch s a cht cc vm nng a phng
ca trm tch Kainozoi b Nam Cn Sn v
trin vng du kh. Tm tt lun n TS Khoa
hc a l - a cht. i hc M-a cht,
H Ni.
3. Gerasimov V.P., 1947. Cu trc hnh
thi v hnh thi iu khc ca Tri t. Nxb
Nauka, Moskva (ting Nga).

SUMMARY
Morphological structures of the Nam Cn Sn Basin
ng Vn Bt, C Minh Hong, Ng Th Kim Chi, Nguyn Quc Hng,
Nguyn Th Anh Th, L Chi Mai, Nguyn Khc c
The Nam Cn Sn Basin is one of the basins potentially containing natural oil and gas
in the Vit Nam continental shelf. This basin was formed as the result of the process of
separation of the East Sea and the collision between Eurasia and Indian-Australian plates
covered by a thick Cenozoic layer. Based on the analysis of the foundation construction
and the geological features of the Cenozoic beds, the authors have divided the basin into 5
morphological structures as follows: 1- i Hng Horst, 2- Central Depression, 3- Hng
en-echelon Uplift, 4- South-East block-like Uplift and 5- West-Northwest differentiated
Uplift. These morphological structures are separated by fault systems. Based on the
morphological structural analysis, the authors show that the Nam Cn Sn Basin has a
tendency of deformation along northeast-southwest trend in the north-east and
longitudinal in the west and south.

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31