Objective 1:

Table _. Initial mass of materials

Mass of empty
pan, mpan (g)
Mass of dry
sawdust, mdry
sawdust (g)
Mass of ethanol,
methanol (g)
Inner surface
area of the pan,

77.61
63.17

35.22

Table _. Raw data and its respective

amount of moisture, Xt
Time,
t
(min)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48

Mass of pan +
wet solids, mtotal
(g)
176
174
172
171
170
169
168
167
166
165
164
164
163
162
161
161
160
160
159
158
158
157
156
156
156

Moisture,
Xt
0.558
0.526
0.494
0.478
0.463
0.447
0.431
0.415
0.399
0.383
0.368
0.368
0.352
0.336
0.320
0.320
0.304
0.304
0.288
0.273
0.273
0.257
0.241
0.241
0.241

51
54
57
60
63
66
69
72
75
78
81
84
87
90
93
96
99
102
105
108
111
114
117
120
123
126
129
132
135
138
141
144
147
150
153
156
159
162
165
168
171
174
177

155
154
153
152
152
152
151
150
150
150
148
148
148
148
147
147
146
146
146
146
145
145
144
144
144
144
144
144
143
143
143
143
143
142
142
142
142
142
142
142
142
141
141

0.225
0.209
0.193
0.178
0.178
0.178
0.162
0.146
0.146
0.146
0.114
0.114
0.114
0.114
0.098
0.098
0.083
0.083
0.083
0.083
0.067
0.067
0.051
0.051
0.051
0.051
0.051
0.051
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.019
0.019
0.019
0.019
0.019
0.019
0.019
0.019
0.003 [X*]
0.003

180
183
186
189
192
195

141
141
141
141
141
141

0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003

The moisture or ethanol mass fraction,

Xt, is calculated by,

Xt=

mtotal (m pan + mdry sawdust )

mdry sawdust

Plotting Xt vs. time,

Figure 1. Moisture vs. time plot

Calculating for the free moisture, X,

X =X t X
where X* is the final moisture content at a value of 0.003.

Table _. Free moisture content and time

t (min)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
51
54
57
60
63
66
69
72
75
78

X
0.554
0.522
0.491
0.475
0.459
0.443
0.427
0.412
0.396
0.380
0.364
0.364
0.348
0.332
0.317
0.317
0.301
0.301
0.285
0.269
0.269
0.253
0.237
0.237
0.237
0.222
0.206
0.190
0.174
0.174
0.174
0.158
0.142
0.142
0.142

81
84
87
90
93
96
99
102
105
108
111
114
117
120
123
126
129
132
135
138
141
144
147
150
153
156
159
162
165
168
171
174
177
180
183
186
189
192
195

0.111
0.111
0.111
0.111
0.095
0.095
0.079
0.079
0.079
0.079
0.063
0.063
0.047
0.047
0.047
0.047
0.047
0.047
0.032
0.032
0.032
0.032
0.032
0.016
0.016
0.016
0.016
0.016
0.016
0.016
0.016
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

Plotting X vs. time,

Figure 2. Free moisture content vs. time plot

Making tangent lines on the curve, we get R or the rate of drying by,

R=

mdry sawdust X

A
t

( )

where A is the inner surface area of the pan and

X
t

Table _. Slope of tangent lines for the rate of drying R

X/t
0.0105
0.0088
0.0077
0.0069
0.0062
0.0052
0.0049
0.0044
0.0043
0.0039
0.0037
0.0034
0.0032
0.0030
0.0028
0.0026
0.0024
0.0023
0.0021
0.0019
0.0017

R
17.993
3
15.067
3
13.309
1
11.873
1
10.711
6
9.0056
8.4789
7.6095
7.3882
6.7183
6.3169
5.8840
5.5624
5.0753
4.8159
4.4973
4.1124
3.8952
3.6131
3.2249
2.8858

Xaverage
0.5150
0.4675
0.4275
0.3900
0.3550
0.3275
0.3000
0.2725
0.2500
0.2300
0.2100
0.1925
0.1775
0.1625
0.1475
0.1350
0.1225
0.1100
0.1000
0.0900
0.0810

is the slope of the tangent lines

0.0016
0.0015
0.0013
0.0011
0.0010
0.0009
0.0009
0.0008
0.0008
0.0007
0.0007
0.0006
0.0006
0.0005
0.0004
0.0004
0.0004
0.0003
0.0002

2.7247
2.5382
2.1592
1.9510
1.7702
1.6027
1.4646
1.3452
1.2923
1.2218
1.1591
1.0227
0.9617
0.8462
0.7685
0.7189
0.6518
0.4683
0.3583

0.0725
0.0640
0.0560
0.0500
0.0440
0.0375
0.0325
0.0295
0.0260
0.0215
0.0185
0.0160
0.0125
0.0095
0.0070
0.0035
0.0010
0.0000
0.0000

Plotting the rate of drying R vs. Xaverage,

Figure 3. Rate of drying vs. free moisture content plot