Exercise-4

Percentage on SPSS exam

From the above plot, it is known that the distribution of a variable doesnt match the given distribution.
Therefore percentage of spss exam is not normally distributed.

Computer literacy

From the above plot, it is known that the distribution of a variable mostly matches the given distribution.
Therefore percentage of Computer literacy is normally distributed.

Percentage of lectures attended

From the above plot, it is known that the distribution of a variable mostly matches the given distribution.
Therefore percentage of Percentage of Lecture attended is normally distributed.

Percentage of lectures Numeracy

From the above plot, it is known that the distribution of a variable mostly doesnt matche the given
distribution. Therefore percentage of Percentage of Lecture numeracy is not normally distributed.

Histogram

From the above plot, it is known that the distribution normally distributed.

From the above plot, it is known that the distribution normally distributed.

From the above plot, it is known that the distribution normally distributed.

From the above plot, it is known that the distribution is negatively skewed.

Statistics

Percentage

Computer

Percentage of

Numerac

on

literacy

lectures

SPSS

exam
N

attended

Valid

100

100

100

100

Missing

Mean

58.10

50.71

59.765

4.85

Std. Error of Mean

2.132

.826

2.1685

.271

Median

60.00

51.50

62.000

4.00

Mode

72

54

48.5

Std. Deviation

21.316

8.260

21.6848

2.706

Variance

454.354

68.228

470.230

7.321

Skewness

-.107

-.174

-.422

.961

Std. Error of Skewness

.241

.241

.241

.241

Kurtosis

-1.105

.364

-.179

.946

Std. Error of Kurtosis

.478

.478

.478

.478

Range

84

46

92.0

13

Minimum

15

27

8.0

Maximum

99

73

100.0

14

25

38.00

45.25

46.125

3.00

50

60.00

51.50

62.000

4.00

75

75.00

56.00

74.875

7.00

Percentiles

a. Multiple modes exist. The smallest value is shown

1] Percentage on SPSS exam

Skewness
Z= Skewness/ Std. Error of Skewness = -.107/.241= -0.443
Kurtosis
Z= Kurtosis= Std. Error of Kurtosis = -1.105/.478= -2.312
Therefore both Skewness and Kurtosis should lie within 1.96. From above calculation Kurtosis doesnt
lie within limit. So Percentage on SPSS exam is not normally distributed.
2] Computer literacy
Skewness z= - 0.72
Kurtosis z= +0.76
From above calculation both lie within limit. So 9Computer literacy normally distributed.
3] Percentage of lectures attended
Skewness z= -1.75
Kurtosis z= +0.37
From above calculation both lie within limit. So Percentage of lectures attended normally distributed.
4] Numeracy
Skewness z= +3.98
Kurtosis z= +1.97
From above calculation both doesnt lie within limit. So Numeracy is not normally distributed.

Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnova

Percentage

on

SPSS

Shapiro-Wilk

Statistic

df

Sig.

Statistic

df

Sig.

.102

100

.012

.961

100

.005

.095

100

.027

.987

100

.441

exam
Computer literacy
Percentage

of

lectures

.064

100

.200

.977

100

.077

.153

100

.000

.924

100

.000

attended
Numeracy

*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.

a. Lilliefors Significance Correction

From above table:

Null hypothesis(Ho): Given distribution and standard normal distribution is equal.
Alternate hypothesis(Ha): Given distribution and standard normal distribution is not equal.
Percentage on SPSS exam: Significance level is more than 0.05. So Accept Null hypothesis and Reject Alternate
hypothesis.
Computer literacy: Significance level is more than 0.05. So Accept Null hypothesis and Reject Alternate
hypothesis.
Percentage of lectures attended: Significance level is more than 0.05. So Accept Null hypothesis and Reject
Alternate hypothesis.
Numeracy: Significance level is less than 0.05. So Reject Null hypothesis and Accept Alternate hypothesis.