Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Coimbra

Departamento de Engenharia Eletrotcnica

ERASMUS MUNDUS MASTER COURSE IN SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION
AND ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS (EMMC-STEPS)
POWER SYSTEMS

I qf

V qf

Three-phase Fault

V oq

(1)

Z f Z qq

V oq

Z qq

V kf V ok Z kq

V oq

(2)

Z f Z qq
V oq

kq

Z f Z qq

(3)

Line-to-ground Fault
V oq
f
I sq

Z
qq Z qq Z 0 qq 3 Z f

f
V sq

V oq
Z qq Z qq Z 0qq 3 Z f

1
1

(4)

3 Z f Z qq Z 0qq

Z qq

Z 0qq

(5)

V ok
V oq

V f 0
sk
0 Z qq Z qq Z 0qq 3 Z f

Z kq

Z kq

Z 0kq

k q

(6)

Line-to-line Fault
1
V oq
f
1
I sq

Z

qq Z qq Z f
0

f
V sq

(7)

Z f Z qq

Z qq
Z qq Z qq Z f

V oq

V ok
Z kq
V oq

f
V 0
Z kq
sk
Z

Z
qq
qq
f
0

(8)

k q

(9)

EMMCSTEPS

Power Systems

Double-Line-to-Ground Fault
A Z qq Z f

Z qq Z 0qq 2 Z f

3 Z g Z qq Z f

Z 0qq Z f

3Z g

Z
Z 0qq 2 Z f 3 Z g
o qq

V
q
f
I sq
Z 0qq Z f 3 Z g

Z qq Z f

(10)

Z Z qq Z 0qq 2 Z f 3 Z g Z qq Z f Z 0qq Z f 3 Z g
o f

V
q
f
V sq

Z qq Z 0qq Z f 3 Z g

Z 0qq Z qq Z f

(11)

Z
Z qq Z 0qq 2 Z f 3 Z g
V ok
o kq

V f 0 q

Z kq Z 0qq Z f 3 Z g
sk
A

Z 0kq Z qq Z f

k q

(12)

Bolted Double Line-to-Ground Fault

f
I sq

V qo
Z qq Z qq Z qq Z 0qq Z qq Z 0qq

Z qq Z 0qq

Z 0qq

Z qq

(13)

Z qq Z 0qq
V qo

V sqf
Z qq Z 0qq

Z
qq Z qq Z qq Z 0 qq Z qq Z 0 qq

Z qq Z 0qq

V ko

V qo
V f 0
sk Z
qq Z qq Z qq Z 0 qq Z qq Z 0 qq
0

(14)

Z kq Z qq Z 0qq

Z kq Z 0qq

Z
Z
0 kq qq

kq

(15)

Current in the line connecting buses m and n

z line m n

f
I

0
s line m n

0
z line m n
0

z 0 line m n
0

V sfm V sfn

(16)

Phase voltages and currents

V

f
pq

1 1
1
2
f

1 V sq

2 1

f
I pq

1 1
1
2
f

1 I sq

2 1