Loads On A 2DFrame PDF

Loadcases on a 2DFrame
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In this topic load cases will be inserted on the 2D steel Frame.

The input of this frame was shown in a previous example, made in the chapter 'different kind of structures'.
At first, the attached file 2D frame.esa is opened and afterwards load cases will be inputted on this frame.
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First the 2D Frame example will be opened.
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Following load cases will be made:

1. Self Weight
2. Permanent load
3. Variable load
Select Load cases, combinations
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Double-click on load cases
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The first load case is the Self Weight

You can give each load case a name.
This name is used for a unique identification of the load case.
In this example the name stays on LC1.
You can give each load case a description.
The description may add some information about the load case.
This load case will get the description Self Weight.
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The load case "Action type" can be set to:

Permanent: specifies the permanent loads
Variable: specifies the variable loads
The Self Weight is a Permanent load.
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The load group sorts load cases by load groups.

This will be explained more in detail at the exercise concerning "Combinations".
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The load type parameters for a permanent load are:

1. Self weight
Specifies the load case where only self-weight of the structure can be defined.
2. Standard
Specifies the load case where any load can be defined.
3. Primary effects
This load case is used when the primary effects are calculated.
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The Direction tells the program the direction in which the generated self-weight is acting.
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Click the New button to add a new load case.
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The Name of this load case is LC2.
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It is a permanent load case.
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Permanent load case
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The load type is Standard
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Click the New button to insert the third load case (variable load case)
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Name: LC3
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This option has to be changed into Variable
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Select Variable
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The load type is static.
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For variable loads a Specification can be chosen:

Standard
Defines a general static load case. Any load can be defined in such a load case
Temperature
Defines a load case for thermal loads
Select Standard to continue
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For static standard loads, the duration of the load impact can be specified:
Long:
Is used to determine a long-term creep loadcase for the TDA calculation of concrete structures
and also for the check of timber structures
Medium:
Is used for check of timber structures
Short:
Default type
Also for the check of timber structures
Instantaneous:
Is used for check of timber structures
Select Short to continue
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It is possible to specify that some particular load case may be included into a combination of load cases ONLY if another
specific load case is included.
The item Master load case tells the program that a particular load case is bound to another load case - to the Master load
case.
In this example, there is no other variable load case, so it is not possible to select a Master load case
Select None to continue
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Click the Close button
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The load cases are created. With the function "load" a load can be inserted for each load case.
Double-click Load
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On top of the Load menu, you can choose between all the load cases.
Let's first take a look at the Self weight.
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Select LC1 - Self Weight
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It is not possible to insert any load for the load case "Self Weight". The self weight will be calculated by the program itself.
All possibilities are grey except Not calculated internal forces.
With this option, you can insert on any member the distribution of internal forces along the 1D member. The input internal
forces can either overwrite the calculated results or can be added to them.
Let's take a look at the next load case.
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In this load case a line force will be inserted on the top beam.
Double-click on Line force - on beam
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You can give each load a name.
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Direction specifies the base direction of the load.

The direction may further specified by the Angle item.
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The load may be a force load or a self weight.

Select Force to continue
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Angle specifies the angle by which the load is rotated from its basic direction.
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A load may be either constant along the 1D member or linearly variable (trapezoidal).
Select Uniform to continue.
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Value specifies the size of the load.

In this example it is 1kN/m.
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Load above joint can be used for checking joints in concrete.
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System defines the co-ordinate system in which the load is applied.

Select LCS to continue
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For local co-ordinate system (LCS), the location can only be Length.
However, for loads defined in the global co-ordinate system (GCS), also Projection may be selected.
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The load can be on the total beam or only an one or more spans.
Select full to continue.
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Position x1 defines the position of the load beginning on the 1D member.

Position x2 defines the position of the load end on the 1D member.
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The Co-ordinate definition specifies the direction of the position. It may be absolute or relative.
Choose for Rela to continue
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The option Origin tells where the origin for the position co-ordinate measurement is.
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Click OK to insert the line force
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Select the member to put the line force on

Select this member
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Press Esc to finish this function.
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Press Esc again to deselect the selected line load
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REMARK
When changing the Project level to Advanced more options will appear in the Line force menu.
This menu is shown below.
The new options are indicated.

You can click on each indicated option for more information or you can simply
continue.
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BOTTOM FLANGE
Bottom flange defines the distribution of load on a built-in 1D member. This option is only meaningful for line loads applied
on Build-in-beams.
When activating this option, a Q-factor has to be specified. This factor enables the user to define the distribution of the
load along the bottom flange. The Q-factor defines the out-of-balance factor as shown below and will taken into account in
the steel code check.
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continue.
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ECCENTRICITIES
ez [m] specifies the eccentricity in the Z-direction.

When inserting a line force on a beam in a 3D structure, also the option ey [m] will appear.
This option specifies the eccentricity in the Y-direction.
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continue.
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Now the load of the variable load case will be inserted.
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Select LC3 - Variable
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A point force on a beam will be inserted.

Double-click on beam
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Most of the options are the same as for a line load on a beam.
Position x
defines the position of the load on the 1D member.
In this example, the position is at 0,000. The point force will be placed at the beginning of the beam.
Repeat (n)
defines the number of forces acting on the 1D member. If the number is greater than 1, the forces are distributed
uniformly over the 1D member.
Click to continue
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Click OK to insert a point force of 1kN at the beginning of the beam.
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Select this member to insert the point force
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Press Esc to end this function
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Now this load is still selected.

In the properties window the properties of this load can be changed.
Click to continue.
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The Repeat value can be adapted to 3.
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Now three (=n) point forces are on the beam
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Now the position of the first point force will be adapted
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The coord. definition is defined as Relative, so a position x of 0,5 corresponds with the middle of the beam. The first
point force is at the middle of the beam.
The distance between the point forces is 0,1 (also relative) and defined by Delta x.
Click on the cross at the right above to end this example
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Loads On A 2DFrame PDF

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Loadcases on a 2DFrame

In this topic load cases will be inserted on the 2D steel Frame.

First the 2D Frame example will be opened.

Following load cases will be made:

Double-click on load cases

The first load case is the Self Weight

The load case "Action type" can be set to:

The load group sorts load cases by load groups.

The load type parameters for a permanent load are:

Click the New button to add a new load case.

The Name of this load case is LC2.

It is a permanent load case.

Permanent load case

The load type is Standard

This option has to be changed into Variable

The load type is static.

For variable loads a Specification can be chosen:

Select Standard to continue

Select Short to continue

Select None to continue

Click the Close button

Select LC1 - Self Weight

You can give each load a name.

Direction specifies the base direction of the load.

The load may be a force load or a self weight.

Value specifies the size of the load.

Load above joint can be used for checking joints in concrete.

System defines the co-ordinate system in which the load is applied.

Position x1 defines the position of the load beginning on the 1D member.

Click OK to insert the line force

Select the member to put the line force on

Press Esc to finish this function.

Press Esc again to deselect the selected line load

This menu is shown below.

The new options are indicated.

The new options are indicated.

ez [m] specifies the eccentricity in the Z-direction.

The new options are indicated.

Now the load of the variable load case will be inserted.

Select LC3 - Variable

A point force on a beam will be inserted.

Click OK to insert a point force of 1kN at the beginning of the beam.

Select this member to insert the point force

Press Esc to end this function

Now this load is still selected.

The Repeat value can be adapted to 3.

Now three (=n) point forces are on the beam

Now the position of the first point force will be adapted

Click on the cross at the right above to end this example

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