NGHIEN C U U V A TRAO D D I

T R O N G

E J U A N

C
U Y

N U Q I

T Q M

MoOHimTflm
Phd Giam ddc Trung Tdm KK - KN
TQ nam 2002-2005. dien tich
nudi torn cua Ninh Thuan la 1.580 ha.
trong dd 300 ha tren vung dat cat
Do dien tich nudi khdng ldn nen tap
trung nudi ban tham canh va tham
canh de dat nang suat hieu qua cao.
Nhung day lai la van de khdng ben
vung. thieu on dinh va khd giai quyet
khi mdi trudng d nhiem. dich benh
phat sinh va lay lan tren dien rdng.
Hang nam. vao nhung thang dau nam,
thudng xay ra dich benh lam torn chet
han 100 ha. chu yeu d giai doan tdm
tu 20 den 45 ngay tudi. Dien tich torn
hj benh va chet mdi nam chiem ty le
kha cao. trung binh 20-25% tren tdng
dien tich tha nudi. Nguyen nhan do
mat dp nudi kha day nhung dau tu
thiet b; (may quat nude) va ky thuat
nudi (xu hi nude thai, chat thai chua
triet de, mdi trudng chung trong khu
vpc nudi it dupe quan tam, thuc hien
viec phdng chdng lay lan benh chua
hieu qua) chua tuong xdng; thieu su
quan ly ddng bp ve mua vp tha nudi.
Dd la nhung van de thuc tien, khach
quan can cd giai phap khde phuc va
han che.
ua
nhung
chuyen
tham quan. hoc tap
ky thuat nuoi torn the
Q
cnan
trang a Binh Dinh. Phu
chan
Yen. Trai
Quang Ngai. Quang Tri.
Ben Tre vao nam 2005-2006
va duoc su dong y cua UBND
tinh, su ho trp kinh phi cua
Trung tam Khuyen ngu Quoc
gia (nay la Trung tam Khuyen

To chirc thanh lap to cong dong nuoi torn

nong - Khuyen ngu). Trung tam
Khuyen ngu Ninh Thuan (nay
la Trung tam Khuyen nong Khuyen ngu) trien khai mo hinh
nuoi thu nghiem torn the chan
trang tai vung du an nuoi torn
tren cat thupc xa An Hai huyen
Ninh Phuoc va nhan rong mo
hinh vao nam 2006. Mo hinh
nuoi torn theo hinh thirc quan
ly ciia cong dong cung bat dau
tir do. Nam 2009, thuc hien chii
truong ciia UBND tinh ve viec
phat dpng toan dan tham gia san
xuat gioi, Trung tam Khuyen

Thong Tin
KHOA HOC &CONG NGHE

nong - Khuyen ngu phoi hpp

v oi phong Nong nghiep va Phat
trien nong thon huyen Ninh
Phudc, chinh quyen dia phuang
tiep tuc thanh lap them 8 to cong
dong, trong do co 1 to nuoi torn
o xa An Hai, 2 to 6 xa Phiroc
Dinh, 5 to doan ket khai thac
tren bien tai xa Phuac Diem va
Ca Na. Den nay, tong so to cpng
dong nuoi torn va khai thac thuy
san tren toan tinh la 36 to. rieng
nuoi torn la 22 to.
Tinh cong ddng trong nuoi

NGHIEN C t f U V A TRAO D O I

torn:
- Tinh cong dong nuoi torn
dugc xay dyng tren co so nhtfng
quan he anh em. dong ho. quan
he than thiet, tinh cam gan bo
tren co sd lien hiep ty nguyen
ciia nhung ngudi nuoi torn,
vdi muc dich hoc tap trao doi
kinh nghiem, ho trg nhau ve ky
thuat, giu gin tai san va bao ve
moi truong chung.
- To cpng dong phat huy y
thirc tap the, tinh than chii dong
va sang tao ciia moi ngudi. Nhu
cau ton tai va phat trien trong
san xuat da giup moi ngudi gan
bo, doan ket hon.
Xuat phat tu quan he hang
ngay, trudc het la tinh cam
giua ngudi vdi nguoi, tinh cong
dong duoc ciing co ben chat
trong vu nuoi va qua nhieu vu
nuoi (nhirng the le va giao udc
trong viec sinh hoat. giiip da
lan nhau; nhirng yeu cau quan
ly viing nuoi chung; nhung quy
udc dugc thong nhat trong viec
chon giong, miia vu tha, mat do
nuoi, quan ly tot nguon nude
cap, nude thai, dia diem gom
phai chat thai sau thu hoach).
Tinh cpng dong thong nhat
nhirng nguyen tac hinh thanh
trong viec thong tin thong bao,
xir ly benh dich. Day vira la san
pham cua tinh cpng dong viia la
nhan to de xay dung tinh cong

Thu hoach torn the chan trSng nuoi tren vung dat cat
sy gan bd vdi nhau tren ciing
mot khu vyc nuoi torn, de khai
thac cd hieu qua viing nuoi.
dem lai mot cuoc song thoai
mai. sung tiic hon. Tinh cdng
dong khong nhung gan ket hg
vdi nhau trong san xuat ma cdn
hinh thanh cac mdi quan he ket
nghTa tinh lang nghTa xom, tinh
huynh de. tuong trg giiip do
nhau khi can.
Hoan canh va dieu kien san
xuat mdi lam nang cao hon nira
truyen thdng cong ddng tir xa
xua va the hien nd qua nhieu
hinh thirc sinh hoat, td chirc,
hieu biet va giao tiep lan nhau
rat phong phii va da dang.
Quan ly vung nuoi torn dira
vao cong dong:
Hien nay. viec quan ly moi
trudng viing nudi dua vao cong
dong dang duoc nhieu qudc

dong.

gia d Chau My, Chau A. dac

biet la cac nude Dong Nam A

- Tinh cong ddng cung tao

them mot sire manh mdi trong

nhu Philippines, Indonesia,

Thailand dana trien khai cho

ket qua tdt. 0 Viet Nam, md

hinh quan ly cdng ddng viing
nudi dugc thyc hien kha tdt tai
Ben Tre. Nam 2005. Bd thuy
san da chgn mot so viing nuoi
tdm d Ben Tre lam diem thyc
hien chuang trinh irng dung quy
pham thyc hanh nudi thiiy san
tdt (GAP - Good Aquaculture
Practice). Md hinh nay dam bao
tinh an toan ve sinh thyc pham
cho nguyen lieu che bien xuat
khau. dong thdi duoc phd bien
nhan rdng cho cac viing nudi
ban tham canh, tham canh tren
ca nude.
- Quan ly viing nuoi dya vao
cong dong se co uu the ve kien
thirc va ky nang mang tinh dia
phuong de phat trien mdt chien
luge quan ly cd the dap ling nhu
can va dieu kien ciia chinh cdng
dong.
- Quan ly dya vao cdng ddng
cung duoc hieu la quan ly cd
sy tham gia hoac sy ddng quan
ly, trong dd co to. nhom hoac
nhieu nhdm xa hdi cuns dam

Thong Tin
KHOA HOC &CONG NGHEI

NGHIEN C d U V A TRAO 0 0 1
phan. thda thuan. xac dinh ro
va bao dam viec phan chia mot
each cong bang cac quyen han.
loi ich va trach nhiem doi vai
mot vung nuoi.
Uu diem ciia mo hinh la thuc
hien cac cong doan nuoi torn
tren ca sa lien ket cong dong
se kiem soat cac moi nguy gay
thiet hai kinh te den vung nuoi
de chiing khong xay ra hoac
xay ra d duai muc giai han cho
phep.
Ket qua mo hinh cong dong
se co y nghTa tich cue cho cac
budc tiep theo la ap dung Qui
che quan ly viing nudi. xay dung
ca sd nuoi tdm an toan theo
nguyen ly GAP/CoC (GAP:
Good Aquaculture
Practice
- Qui pham thirc hanh nudi
trdng thuy san tdt: CoC: Code
of Conduct for Responsible
Aquaculture - Qui tac irng xii'
cd trach nhiem trong nuoi trdng
thuy san).
Cac birdc trien khai thanh
lap to cong ddng:
Trong mdt viing nudi bao
gom nhieu td cdng dong, cac
budc hinh thanh nen td cong
ddng nhu sau:
- Budc 1: Trung tam Khuyen
nong - Khuyen ngu phoi hop vdi
UBND xa thdng tin, thdng bao,
to chiic hoi nghi van dong nhan
dan thanh lap to cdng dong.
chon ngudi cd dieu kien. nang
lire thich hop gidi thieu vao ban
trii bi quan K to.

"

- Budc 2: Ban trii bi quan ly

td phdi hop vdi Tram Khuyen
ndng - Khuyen ngu. Ban Quan
ly viing nudi d xa, Chi hdi Nghe
ca, Hdi Ndng dan xay dirng quy
che ciia to cdng ddng.
- Budc 3: Ban trii bi td cdng
dong td chirc van ddng cac hd
nudi tham gia td cdng ddng. Td
chiic hop thao luan Quy che td.
dong gdp, xay dung hoan thien
Quy che vdi nhung dac thii
rieng ciia tirng viing nudi. Chon
thai diem thuan lai td chirc Hdi
nghi thanh lap td cdng ddng.
Trong hoi nghi tiep tuc thao
luan, bd sung di den thong nhat
Quy che. Thdng qua Quy che va
bau td trudng, td pho va thu ky
to cdng ddng.
- Budc 4: tren co sd bien ban
ghi ket qua hoi nghi thanh lap
va quy che da thdng nhat co chu
ky ciia cac thanh vien trong td.
UBND xa phe duyet quy che va
ra quyet dinh cong nhan nhan
sir td cdng dong. Td cdng dong
di vao hoat dong.

la mdt tien trinh xa hdi hgp ly

nhat nham tim kiem tieng noi
chung. su dong thuan. sir cdng
bang v a dan chii trong viec quan
ly viing nudi.
- Quan ly dua vao cdng ddng
can mdt so dieu kien ca ban de
phat trien, do la sir tiep can day
dii cac thdng tin, nang cao nang
lire quan ly, td chirc. duoc su
quan tam ciia chinh quyen va
nganh chii quan, dugc dap ling
cac nhu cau phii hop va hoat
dong trong mdt mdi trudng xa
hoi binh dang khdng cd sir phan
biet doi xii'.
- Quan ly dira vao cdng ddng
la mdt each tiep can phuc tap,
ddi khi dua vao cac ngudn thdng
tin trai ngugc gay nham lan, do
dd can phai kien tri thiet lap lai
trat tir nhu cac budc ban dau.

Tom lai md hinh nudi tdm

dugc td chirc, quan ly theo hinh
thiic tap the, cdng ddng co sir ho
trg cua cac co quan chiic nang
va chinh quyen dia phuang da
nang cao nhan thirc ve cac mdi
Y nghTa cua quan ly cdng nguy nhu dich benh, han che 6
ddng trong nudi tdm:
nhiem mdi trudng, dam bao an
toan ve sinh thuc pham. Nam
- Quan ly dira vao cdng ddng
2009, tha nudi 700 ha, san lugng
la sir tiep can phong phii nhat
torn nudi dat han 7.000 tan,
ddi vdi viec quan ly viing nuoi.
nam 2010, dien tich nuoi tdm
phdi hgp vdi nhieu ddi tac de
(sii, the) tren toan tinh tang len
dat den muc dich cudi ciing ciia
850 ha, trong dd dam Nai cua
viec bao ve moi trudng, dn dinh
huyen Ninh Hai tha nuoi 370
viing nudi, chia se mdt each hgp
ha, cao nhat tir nam 2005 den
ly cac trach nhiem va Igi ich
nay. Day la dau hieu phat trien
lien quan den v iing nudi.
va la niem vui chung cho nganh
- Quan ly dua v ao cdng ddng nong nghiep ciia tinh nha.

Thing Tin
KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE