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Jurnal Jiwa Prin PDF
A. Matthew Prina, Cleusa P. Ferri, Mariella Guerra, Carol Brayne and Martin Prince
BJP 2011, 199:485-491.
Access the most recent version at DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.110.083915
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http://bjp.rcpsych.org/ on February 7, 2012
Published by The Royal College of Psychiatrists
Study design
Cross-sectional surveys of all residents aged 65 or over (n =
15 021) in 11 catchment areas in 7 countries (China, India, Cuba,
Dominican Republic, Venezuela, Mexico and Peru) were carried
out as part of the baseline phase of the 10/66 Dementia Research
Groups population-based programme. The full protocol has
485
Prina et al
specific to dementia and chronic diseases, health-service usage, disability, care arrangements and caregiver strain.11 All the scales were
translated, back-translated and tested for conceptual uniformity
and acceptability, and finally reviewed by local informants.
Sociodemographics
Version 2.1 of the 10/66 data archive was used for all the analyses,
which were carried out in STATA (version 10.1) for Windows. The
prevalence of GMS/AGECAT Stage I anxiety syndrome was
described and stratified by age and gender and robust 95%
confidence intervals adjusted for household clustering were
reported. The standardised prevalence was also reported, to allow
comparisons to be made across the study sites, after adjustment
for the compositional effects of age, gender and education.
We modelled potential risk factors by using Poisson regression
models, which were fitted for each country and provided mutually
adjusted prevalence ratios. A fixed-effects meta-analysis was used
to combine the countries prevalence ratios, and an estimate of
heterogeneity was provided by the Higgins I2.20
Level of agreement between the GMS/AGECAT diagnoses and
the informant reports were measured by kappa statistics and
reported with their 95% CIs. Spearmans rank correlations of
NPI severity scores on the anxiety item and the AGECAT anxiety
scores were also calculated.
Finally we investigated whether anxiety had an impact on
disability by analysing the distribution of mean WHODAS
disability scores, which were reported with their standard
deviations. Having 15 days or more of disability in the previous
month was defined as severe disability. We then ran Poisson
regression models, adjusted for age, gender, 10/66 dementia and
number of comorbid illnesses in participants with anxiety and
subthreshold anxiety, setting the reference as being free from
anxiety. This analysis was also adjusted for ICD-10 depression
to see whether there was an independent effect of anxiety on
disability scores. Population-attributable prevalence fractions were
calculated within the Poisson regression framework by using the
Stata aflogit command, which also allows adjustment for
confounders. Population-attributable prevalence fractions provide
the proportion of existing severe disability that might be averted if
that exposure was avoided.
486
Statistical analyses
Results
Sample characteristics
A total of 15 021 interviews were carried out. In all sites, women
outnumbered men (62% women) (online Table DS1). A higher
proportion of older people was recorded in South America (in
particular Cuba, Dominican Republic, Peru and Mexico), a sign
that demographic ageing is more advanced. Higher levels of
completed education were registered in the urban areas of all
centres, whereas minimal or low education was common in rural
areas. Food insecurities were relatively common in India (14.1%
in rural v. 20.8% in urban India), rural Peru (13.5%) and
Dominican Republic (12.1%). The number of missing values
was very low (online Table DS1).
Prevalence of anxiety
The prevalence of anxiety estimated by Stage I GMS/AGECAT
diagnoses is shown in Fig. 1. The crude prevalence ranged from
0.2 to 8.9%, where China had the lowest, and Dominican Republic
the highest estimates. Standardisation did not affect the figures
radically: rural China remained the area with the lowest prevalence
(0.1%), whereas urban Peru had the highest with 9.6%. Women
had a higher prevalence of anxiety (both clinical and subclinical
Prevalence of anxiety among older adults in Latin America, India and China
18
Anxiety
16
Prevalence of anxiety, %
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Cuba
Anxiety (%)
95% CI
Dominican
Republic
Peru
(urban)
Peru
(rural)
Venezuela
Mexico
(urban)
Mexico
(rural)
China
(urban)
China
(rural)
India
(urban)
India
(rural)
6.3
8.5
9.6
2.2
8.1
5.7
4.9
0.2
0.1
3.0
0.8
(4.48.3)
(7.110.0)
(6.213.1)
(1.03.4)
(2.210.0)
(4.27.2)
(2.87.0)
(0.20.4)
(0.00.3)
(1.44.5)
(0.21.3)
Fig. 1 Age-, gender- and education-standardised prevalence (95% CI) of Geriatric Mental State Examination/Automated Geriatric
Examination for Computer Assisted Taxonomy (GMS/AGECAT) Stage I anxiety, and percentage of comorbid ICD-10 depression.
487
Prina et al
Table 1 Meta-analysed mutually adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) estimates (95% CI) from a Poisson regression for the independent
effects of age, gender, socioeconomic status, dementia diagnosis and number of physical illnesses on Geriatric Mental State
Examination/Automated Geriatric Examination for Computer Assisted Taxonomy (GMS/AGECAT) anxiety prevalence
Age (5-year
groups)
Location, PR (95% CI)
Cuba
Dominican Republic
Peru
Venezuela
Mexico
India
Chinaa
Meta-analysed estimate,
PR (95% CI)
0.7
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.8
1.0
Male
gender
(0.60.8)
(0.81.0)
(0.71.0)
(0.70.9)
(0.71.0)
(0.81.4)
0.8 (0.80.9)
Married or
cohabiting
Education
0.3 (0.20.5)
0.8 (0.61.2)
0.5 (0.30.8)
0.7 (0.41.0)
0.5 (0.30.8)
0.3 (0.10.6)
0.9
1.0
0.9
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.5 (0.40.6)
(0.71.1)
(0.61.2)
(0.81.1)
(0.81.2)
(0.71.1)
(0.61.4)
0.9
0.9
1.0
0.9
1.1
1.1
(0.81.1)
(0.81.1)
(0.81.1)
(0.81.1)
(0.91.1)
(0.81.5)
Food
insecurity
1.4
2.1
2.1
1.7
1.4
1.7
Physical
illnesses, n
(0.82.5)
(1.52.7)
(1.33.4)
(1.12.7)
(0.72.7)
(0.93.1)
2.1
2.9
2.4
3.4
2.2
1.3
Dementia
diagnosis
(1.62.8)
(2.73.6)
(2.03.1)
(2.64.5)
(1.62.9)
(0.82.2)
0.9 (0.81.0)
1.0 (0.91.1)
1.8 (1.42.1)
12.7 (0.03)
14.3 (0.01)
1.06 (0.96)
3.9 (0.56)
2.4 (0.80)
16.7 (0.006)
Higgins I 2, %
60.6
65.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
69.1
1.1
1.3
1.7
3.0
1.6
2.5
2.3 (2.12.6)
Living in a
rural area
(0.61.9)
(0.91.9)
(1.02.7)
(1.94.7)
(1.02.7)
(1.34.6)
n/a
n/a
0.3 (0.20.6)
n/a
0.6 (0.41.0)
0.2 (0.20.5)
1.5 (1.21.8)
0.3 (0.20.5)
8.1 (0.15)
38.0
4.3 (0.12)
53.8
Table 2
The relationship between anxiety and migrations from rural to urban environments
Participants in urban environment at time of survey
Never
migrated
Participants, n
Resident in rural
environment at age 2060
Resident in rural
environment at age 60
7893
1880
386
73
6.5 (6.07.0)
6.3 (5.37.5)
5.7 (3.68.5)
5.5 (1.513.4)
1.0 (Reference)
0.9 (0.81.0)
0.7 (0.41.1)
1.3 (0.53.1)
Born in rural
environment
a. Adjusted for age, gender, education, marital status, number of assets, food insecurities, number of physical illnesses, 10/66 dementia, ICD-10 depression and country.
Table 3 Concordance between Geriatric Mental State Examination/Automated Geriatric Examination for Computer Assisted
Taxonomy (GMS/AGECAT) and informant report
GMSa prevalence
(95% CI)
NPIb prevalence
(95% CI)
Kappa agreement
(95% CI)
Cuba
4.2 (3.54.9)
19.1 (17.720.5)
38.5 (47/122)
18.2 (509/2793)
0.08 (0.040.11)
Dominican Republic
8.7 (7.49.9)
18.2 (16.519.9)
30.2 (54/179)
17.3 (316/1829)
0.09 (0.040.13)
Peru
7.0 (5.98.2)
14.0 (12.515.6)
24.3 (33/136)
13.3 (238/1795)
0.08 (0.030.13)
Venezuela
7.7 (6.58.9)
12.7 (11.214.2)
24.5 (40/157)
12.1(215/1782)
0.10 (0.050.16)
Mexico
5.1 (4.26.2)
17.4 (15.019.1)
34.6 (36/104)
16.5 (313/1899)
0.09 (0.040.13)
India
2.3 (1.72.9)
6.7 (5.77.9)
22.2 (10/45 )
6.4 (125/1953)
0.08 (0.020.14)
488
Prevalence of anxiety among older adults in Latin America, India and China
Table 4 Distribution of disability scores (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHODAS-II)), by Geriatric
Mental State Examination/Automated Geriatric Examination for Computer Assisted Taxonomy (GMS/AGECAT) anxiety status across
different countries
Severe disability (15 or more disability days in the past month)
Adjusted prevalence ratioa
(95% CI)
Population-attributable prevalence
fraction (95% CI)
n (%)
WHODAS-II score,
mean (s.d.)
n/N (%)
Cuba
No anxiety
Subthreshold anxiety
Anxiety
1689 (57.4)
1131 (38.4)
124 (4.2)
9.4 (17.3)
18.0 (21.9)
25.2 (22.5)
221/1664 (13.3)
256/1115 (23.0)
35/124 (28.2)
1.0 (reference)
1.1 (0.91.3)
1.1 (0.71.8)
4.5 (0.09.9)
2.3 (1.15.5)
Dominican Republic
No anxiety
Subthreshold anxiety
Anxiety
788 (39.2)
1044 (51.9)
179 (8.9)
8.2 (14.4)
19.8 (20.9)
33.2 (23.0)
64/787 (8.1)
184/1041 (17.7)
63/178 (35.4)
1.0 (reference)
1.5 (1.12.0)
2.0 (1.23.2)
18.0 (5.329.0)
12.0 (5.418.2)
Peru
No anxiety
Subthreshold anxiety
Anxiety
941 (48.7)
856 (44.3)
136 (7.0)
9.7 (18.5)
13.2 (18.3)
25.2 (21.9)
206/742 (27.8)
182/649 (28.0)
18/98 (18.4)
1.0 (reference)
0.9 (0.71.2)
0.4 (0.20.8)
Venezuela
No anxiety
Subthreshold anxiety
Anxiety
878 (44.7)
929 (47.3)
158 (8.0)
5.1 (9.5)
13.4 (17.4)
26.8 (24.3)
48/782 (6.1)
109/805 (13.5)
26/134 (19.4)
1.0 (reference)
1.9 (1.42.8)
2.5 (1.35.0)
32.7 (19.843.5)
12.5 (4.220.1)
Mexico
No anxiety
Subthreshold anxiety
Anxiety
1068 (53.3)
831 (41.5)
104 (5.2)
7.3 (14.9)
13.4 (20.1)
20.3 (24.6)
67/1056 (6.3)
114/821 (13.9)
23/104 (22.1)
1.0 (reference)
1.6 (1.22.2)
2.5 (1.44.4)
23.8 (10.635.0)
15.6 (7.423.1)
India
No anxiety
Subthreshold anxiety
Anxiety
1171 (58.4)
787 (39.3)
46 (2.3)
16.3 (17.3)
23.4 (20.4)
29.5 (24.6)
98/1027 (9.5)
147/751 (19.6)
16/39 (41.0)
1.0 (reference)
2.9 (2.33.7)
3.3 (1.95.8)
46.8 (39.253.4)
33.1 (10.055.9)
a. Adjusted for age, gender, number of physical illnesses, 10/66 dementia and ICD-10 depression.
Discussion
Main findings
This work showed that anxiety is a relatively common disorder
among older people, particularly in survey sites in Latin America.
The prevalence estimates of anxiety had a similar range to those
found in high-income countries, with the exception of China
where the prevalence in the older population was negligible.
Two previous studies14,15 conducted in Europe reported anxiety
using the GMS/AGECAT diagnostic system, finding prevalence
estimates of 3.2% and 4.0% in the Dutch and British populations
respectively. This paper showed that India (rural and urban) and
rural Peru had slightly lower estimates (between 0.8 and 3.0%),
whereas the other Latin American sites (Cuba, Dominican
Republic, urban Peru, Venezuela and Mexico) had a slightly higher
prevalence (range: 4.99.6%) than the European studies.
We also found similar anxiety risk factors as those present in
the literature, with gender, socioeconomic determinants and
comorbid physical illnesses being the most important. Women
were reported to have a twofold increase in prevalence of anxiety
compared with men. Genetic and biological factors have been
proposed to account for this variation, in particular relating to
hormones, but also to psychological and social factors.21 It is
possible that women might experience greater stress, associated
with their societal role and that especially in low- and middleincome countries they might have less chance to escape, avoid
and modify a stressful environment. Further research that analyses
the interaction between social environment and gender in
countries with diverse environments (for example, religious,
489
Prina et al
490
Prevalence of anxiety among older adults in Latin America, India and China
Funding
The 10/66 Dementia Research Groups research has been funded by the Wellcome Trust
Health Consequences of Population Change Programme (GR066133 Prevalence phase
in Cuba and Brazil; GR08002 Incidence phase in Peru, Mexico, Argentina, Cuba,
Dominican Republic, Venezuela and China), the World Health Organization (India,
Dominican Republic and China), the US Alzheimers Association (IIRG041286 Peru,
Mexico and Argentina), and FONACIT/ CDCH/ UCV (Venezuela). The Rockefeller Foundation
supported a dissemination meeting at their Bellagio Centre. Alzheimers Disease
International has provided support for networking and infrastructure.
Acknowledgements
This is a secondary analysis of data collected by the 10/66 Dementia Research Group
(www.alz.co.uk/1066). The 10/66 DRG is led by Martin Prince and coordinated by Cleusa
Ferri from Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London. The other principal investigators,
responsible for research governance in each site are Juan Llibre Rodriguez (Cuba), Daisy
Acosta (Dominican Republic), Mariella Guerra (Peru), Aquiles Salas (Venezuela), Ana Luisa
Sosa (Mexico), KS Jacob (Vellore, India), Joseph D Williams (Chennai, India) and Yueqin
Huang (China).
References
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Ma X, Xiang YT, Cai ZJ, Lu JY, Li SR, Xiang YQ, et al. Generalized anxiety
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22 Krupat E, Guild W. Defining the city: the use of objective and subjective
measures for community description. J Soc Issues 1980; 36: 928.
23 Glass DC, Singer JE. Urban Stress: Experiments on Noise and Social
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24 House JS, Umberson D, Landis KR. Structure and processes of social
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25 Fischer C. To Dwell among Friends. University of Chicago Press, 1982.
26 Lee S. Diagnosis postponed: shenjing shuairuo and the transformation
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27 Cheung P. Adult psychiatric epidemiology in China in the 80s. Cult Med
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491
140 (4.8)
11
2417 (82.1)
Food insecurity
Missing values
(2.5)
(22.3)
(33.3)
(24.8)
(17.0)
8
29 (1.0)
1008 (34.3)
1899 (64.7)
8
75
655
979
728
499
Education
None
Minimal
Completed primary
Completed secondary
Tertiary
Missing values
(9.38)
(43.3)
(31.6)
(15.7)
8
(25.9)
(26.9)
(21.8)
(25.5)
7
Number of assets
02
35
67
Missing values
275
1271
928
462
760
789
639
749
Marital status
Never married
Married/cohabiting
Widowed
Divorced/Separated
Missing values
Age, years
6569
7074
7579
580
Missing values
1913 (65.0)
0
2944
Cuba, n (%)
(19.7)
(51.3)
(18.6)
(6.8)
(3.7)
19
(7.0)
(29.4)
(40.4)
(23.3)
15
(26.5)
(25.9)
(19.7)
(27.9)
0
240 (12.1)
22
611 (30.4)
136 (6.8)
951 (47.4)
919 (45.8)
5
392
1022
370
135
73
139
586
806
465
533
520
397
561
1325 (66.0)
2
2011
Dominican
Republic, n (%)
(2.7)
(6.5)
(33.5)
(35.0)
(22.2)
8
(10.6)
(57.2)
(26.8)
(5.5)
10
(27.2)
(25.5)
(21.6)
(25.7)
1
63 (4.6)
16
908 (65.7)
5 (0.4)
61 (4.4)
1315 (95.2)
0
37
90
460
481
305
145
784
367
75
375
352
298
355
888 (64.3)
0
1381
(15.4)
(25.9)
(49.1)
(6.6)
(2.9)
8
(12.3)
(55.9)
(28.5)
(3.3)
1
(32.4)
(25.5)
(18.3)
(23.7)
0
74 (13.5)
5
357 (64.7)
38 (6.9)
343 (62.1)
171 (31.0)
0
84
141
267
36
16
68
308
157
18
179
141
101
131
295 (53.4)
0
552
Rural
Peru, n (%)
Urban
Women
Missing values
Total
Table DS1
(8.1)
(23.1)
(50.1)
(13.8)
(4.8)
40
(9.8)
(48.0)
(28.6)
(13.6)
45
(42.8)
(23.9)
(17.6)
(15.7)
4
111 (6.0)
103
1147 (58.4)
39 (2.0)
9 (0.5)
1917 (97.6)
0
156
445
965
266
93
189
921
549
261
839
469
345
308
1226 (63.5)
33
1965
Venezuela, n (%)
(22.6)
(35.3)
(22.8)
(9.9)
(9.4)
0
(6.3)
(46.9)
(39.4)
(7.5)
0
(24.4)
(32.8)
(20.5)
(22.3)
1
39 (3.9)
4
729 (72.7)
13 (1.3)
150 (15.0)
840 (83.7)
0
227
354
229
99
94
63
470
395
75
245
329
205
223
666 (66.40)
0
1003
Urban
(32.7)
(51.0)
(12.2)
(2.5)
(1.6)
0
(4.2)
(53.8)
(37.1)
(4.8)
1
(29.9)
(25.2)
(22.1)
(22.8)
0
85 (8.6)
7
254 (25.4)
213 (21.3)
518 (51.8)
269 (26.9)
0
327
510
122
25
16
42
538
371
48
299
252
221
228
602 (60.20)
0
1000
Rural
Mexico, n (%)
(20.0)
(13.2)
(26.1)
(28.9)
(11.8)
0
(0.3)
(71.5)
(28.1)
(0.2)
0
(27.2)
(31.2)
(21.9)
(19.7)
0
0
0
1050 (90.5)
0
604 (52.1)
555 (47.9)
1
232
153
303
335
137
3
829
326
2
316
362
254
228
661 (57.0)
0
1160
Urban
(57.8)
(11.4)
(25.8)
(4.5)
(0.5)
0
(2.2)
(58.4)
(39.3)
(0.1)
0
(38.2)
(29.5)
(20.2)
(12.1)
0
12 (1.2)
0
38 (3.8)
15 (1.5)
374 (37.3)
613 (61.2)
0
579
114
259
45
5
22
585
394
1
383
296
202
121
556 (55.49)
0
1002
Rural
China, n (%)
(42.7)
(23.3)
(21.1)
(8.7)
(4.2)
2
(2.1)
(52.2)
(42.5)
(3.2)
3
(41.5)
(31.8)
(14.4)
(12.4)
4
207 (20.8)
10
117 (11.6)
132 (13.2)
620 (61.9)
249 (24.9)
6
428
234
212
87
42
21
523
426
32
415
318
144
124
571 (57.7)
15
1005
Urban
(66.1)
(19.5)
(11.6)
(2.6)
(0.2)
0
(0.5)
(48.1)
(49.7)
(1.6)
0
(33.1)
(35.0)
(17.7)
(14.1)
0
141 (14.1)
0
346 (34.6)
444 (44.4)
512 (51.2)
43 (4.3)
0
660
195
116
26
2
5
481
497
16
331
350
177
141
545 (54.5)
0
999
Rural
India, n (%)
Data supplement
1.3 (0.06.8)
8.0 (3.515.1)
6.0 (3.69.2)
9.1 (6.811.9)
3.3 (0.411.5)
7.0 (3.811.7)
2.0 (0.26.9)
7.6 (4.312.2)
0
0.5 (0.02.7)
0.5 (0.02.9)
0
0.6 (0.03.2)
4.2 (2.07.6)
1.4 (0.05.1)
1.0 (0.13.7)
Peru: rural
Men
Women
Venezuela
Men
Women
Mexico: urban
Men
Women
Mexico: rural
Men
Women
China: urban
Men
Women
China: rural
Men
Women
India: urban
Men
Women
India: rural
Men
Women
3.6 (0.18.9)
9.5 (6.213.7)
Peru: urban
Men
Women
6.4 (3.310.9)
10.5 (7.414.2)
2.2 (0.84.7)
9.0 (6.611.9)
6569 years
1.3 (0.24.6)
1.5 (0.34.4)
0
6.9 (3.711.5)
0
0.6 (0.03.3)
0
0.5 (0.02.7)
3.9 (1.19.6)
4.7 (1.99.4)
5.9 (2.49.7)
5.7 (3.09.7)
1.1 (0.14.0)
10.4 (7.114.5)
1.7 (0.09.2)
2.4 (0.38.4)
3.0 (0.17.6)
13.2 (9.018.4)
4.1 (1.87.9)
8.6 (5.812.2)
1.0 (0.23.0)
5.6 (3.88.0)
7074 years
1.1 (0.06.2)
2.2 (0.37.9)
3.0 (0.410.4)
0
0
0
0
0
2.3 (0.38.0)
4.5 (2.09.5)
3.8 (0.710.7)
10.3 (5.617.0)
8.9 (4.515.3)
8.8 (5.413.4)
0
1.9 (0.010.0)
7.4 (3.214.1)
11.0 (6.916.4)
8.3 (4.214.4)
10.9 (7.415.3)
1.3 (0.33.8)
4.9 (3.07.4)
7579 years
0
2.9 (0.310.2)
0
7.6 (2.516.8)
0
0
0
0
1.9 (0.26.6)
4.9 (1.810.4)
1.2 (0.06.8)
6.3 (2.911.6)
3.4 (0.79.6)
9.3 (5.714.2)
1.4 (0.07.5)
0
6.4 (2.911.8)
10.3 (6.515.1)
8.3 (4.613.5)
10.5 (7.613.9)
1.3 (0.33.7)
3.3 (1.95.2)
580 years
1.4 (0.82.3)
3.2 (2.24.5)
0.2 (0.00.7)
0.2 (0.00.6)
4.4 (3.25.9)
6.0 (4.67.6)
8.0 (6.99.3)
2.5 (1.44.2)
8.8 (7.410.4)
8.9 (7.710.2)
4.2 (3.55.0)
Crude prevalence
(95% CI)
0.8 (0.21.3)
3.0 (1.44.5)
0.1 (0.00.3)
0.2 (0.00.4)
4.9 (2.87.0)
5.7 (4.27.2)
8.1 (6.59.6)
2.2 (1.03.4)
9.6 (6.213.1)
8.5 (7.110.0)
6.3 (4.48.3)
Standardised
prevalencea (95% CI)
37.5
21.3
26.5
21.1
34.6
22.7
46.9
49.4
34.9
Prevalence (95% CI) of Geriatric Mental State Examination/Automated Geriatric Examination for Computer Assisted Taxonomy (GMS/AGECAT) Stage I anxiety by age, gender
Dominican Republic
Men
Women
Cuba
Men
Women
Table DS2
and site
23.8 (18.929.3)
46.0 (41.550.5)
36.7 (29.844.0)
53.2 (47.858.6)
35.7 (26.745.3)
46.4 (40.252.6)
41.8 (30.853.4)
42.0 (32.252.3)
36.2 (30.941.7)
49.9 (45.554.3)
38.3 (26.151.8)
36.8 (29.844.1)
42.2 (32.452.3)
47.7 (40.654.9)
6.3 (2.512.4)
14.2 (9.719.8)
2.1 (0.65.2)
2.1 (0.65.3)
35.3 (28.142.9)
46.2 (39.752.8)
33.1 (25.341.6)
34.4 (27.741.5)
Cuba
Men
Women
Dominican Republic
Men
Women
Peru: urban
Men
Women
Peru: rural
Men
Women
Venezuela
Men
Women
Mexico: urban
Men
Women
Mexico: rural
Men
Women
China: urban
Men
Women
China: rural
Men
Women
India: urban
Men
Women
India: rural
Men
Women
6569 years
37.7 (30.045.8)
37.2 (30.544.4)
38.1 (29.647.2)
39.2 (32.146.5)
3.1 (0.87.6)
4.8 (2.19.3)
7.5 (3.912.6)
12.4 (8.217.8)
36.9 (27.647.0)
45.6 (37.554.0)
33.1 (24.742.3)
41.7 (35.048.7)
46.6 (39.054.2)
52.8 (46.858.7)
46.6 (33.359.8)
45.8 (34.857.1)
35.6 (27.544.4)
48.2 (41.455.0)
44.1 (37.051.4)
53.4 (47.858.9)
23.3 (18.628.6)
41.6 (37.346.1)
7074 years
36.4 (26.447.3)
43.8 (33.354.7)
47.8 (35.460.3)
61.3 (49.472.4)
6.5 (2.114.5)
3.2 (0.97.9)
9.4 (4.816.2)
8.0 (4.113.9)
37.9 (27.749.0)
49.3 (40.558.0)
35.4 (25.047.0)
41.3 (32.650.4)
32.3 (24.141.2)
52.3 (45.459.1)
45.8 (31.460.8)
64.2 (49.876.8)
38.9 (29.648.7)
48.4 (41.155.8)
47.7 (39.056.6)
54.0 (47.860.0)
30.0 (24.036.4)
47.9 (43.052.9)
7579 years
39.7 (28.451.8)
32.4 (21.544.8)
46.2 (32.260.5)
33.3 (22.246.0)
6.5 (1.417.9)
4.0 (0.811.2)
8.3 (3.815.1)
16.8 (10.624.7)
34.0 (25.043.8)
42.6 (33.751.9)
41.3 (30.352.8)
48.3 (39.856.7)
45.5 (34.856.4)
55.9 (48.862.8)
33.3 (22.645.4)
55.9 (42.468.8)
43.3 (34.951.9)
43.0 (36.349.9)
55.6 (47.863.2)
59.4 (54.464.3)
30.5 (24.636.8)
44.2 (39.948.6)
580 years
36.5 (33.539.6)
42.0 (38.945.1)
3.5 (2.44.8)
10.7 (9.012.6)
43.0 (39.946.1)
40.0 (36.943.1)
47.3 (45.049.5)
45.8 (41.650.1)
43.7 (41.046.3)
51.9 (49.754.1)
38.4 (36.740.2)
Crude prevalence
(95% CI)
21.7 (18.824.5)
39.5 (35.943.1)
3.8 (2.15.5)
12.4 (10.114.6)
41.2 (37.145.3)
39.2 (36.042.4)
46.9 (44.249.6)
48.5 (44.252.8)
36.2 (32.140.4)
49.1 (46.551.7)
41.0 (38.243.8)
Standardised prevalence
(95% CI)
Table DS3 Prevalence and 95% CI of stage I Geriatric Mental State Examination/Automated Geriatric Examination for Computer Assisted Taxonomy (GMS/AGECAT) anxiety symptoms which
did not reach diagnostic criteria