1

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,


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.


.

.
.
(53..- 7..)

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.
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(200-300 ..)
.
,
7-24 . (1 =
28.35 )

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.

, - .
,

.


, .
(14-16 . .)




.


13-17

. ,
-,

.
1820 Lui Clais
,
,
.
Dr.Heinrich Stern


.
,
40,000,000
.
1854 , o
Thomas Graham
,

. 1861
dialysis

,
.
,

.
1913
. John Abel John
Hopkins
,

.
. (, Hirudo
medicinalis) (
),

.
(7.000 daltons),
(50 90 min).
.

, .

,
.

,

.

1924
, Georg Haas
Giessen .
.
1928 ,
.


. 1937
.

Willem Kolf, 1943,

.
.
,
,
.
,
.
20 .
.
16 . 1945

67 11 .
olf
.
1946 Nills
lwall.

,

(ultra-filtration).

Crafoord
1956 Gambro.
To 1960 B.Scribner ,



Washington Seattle .


,
.

,
.

.
,
:

,