Chapter 10: Biotechnology

10.1 Cloning and Genetic Engineering

What is biotechnology?
What are some common applications of biotechnology?

Manipulating Genetic Material

_____ Nucleic Acid Structure
macromolecules, precipitate with

A. Break open the cell, destroy undesired

alcohol

_____ Isolation of Nucleic Acids

regions of DNA for further

B. Rapidly increases the number of copies of specific

analysis

_____ Gel Electrophoresis

bonds between

C. Consists of two complementary strands linked by hydrogen

the paired bases

_____ Polymerase Chain Reaction

D. Separates DNA molecules based on size and charge

Molecular Cloning
Choose the correct description (options a-f) for each of the numbers in the diagram below
_____ 1.
_____ 2.
_____ 3.

_____ 4.
_____ 5.

_____ 6.
a. The DNA fragments and plasmid DNA are mixed together with DNA ligase
b. A restriction enzyme cuts a specific base sequence in the DNA
c. The DNA fragments have sticky ends
d. Recombinant plasmids are formed
e. The plasmid DNA has sticky ends
f. A restriction enzyme cuts the same sequence in plasmid DNA

Reproductive Cloning
Number the following steps in the correct chronological sequence. Use the figure from the
textbook as well as the image here.
_______ Another micropipette punctures the egg
______ A new micropipette containing the cell
from a donor animal, enters the egg at the puncture site
______ The sheep egg (+ donor nucleus) is
exposed to an electric current causing the foreign cell to fuse with
and empty its nucleus into the cytoplasm of the
egg. The egg begins to divide, and an embryo
forms.
______ The donor animals cell is delivered to a region between the
cytoplasm and the plasma membrane of the
sheep egg
_______ A sheep egg is held in place by suction through a
micropipette
_______ The DNA is sucked out of the sheep egg

Genetic Engineering
Define each of the following
Genetic engineering
Genetically modified organism
Transgenic
Reverse genetics