Complications

Coronary heart disease

Peripheral vascular
disease
Nephropathy(kidney
dysfunction)

Neuropathy(nerve
dysfunction)
Vision problems
Myocardial infarction
Signs & Symptoms
Decreases or loss of
sensation in legs and feet,
tingling and pain in feet
and legs, decrease in
vision, chest pain that
radiates to back or jaw.
Nursing
Assessments
Monitor pts. feet for
wounds
Vital signs Q4hr
Accu check
Monitor for s/s of
hyper/hypoglycemia
Monitor for decreased
sensation or numbness
and tingling
Monitor hydration status
Monitor urine for ketones

Labs, Diagnostics Tests and

Procedures
Glycosylated hemoglobin HbA1C
Fasting plasma glucose
Oral glucose tolerance
Urine test for ketones

Medical
Treatment/Pharmacolog
y
Oral ant diabetics
Insulin
Beta blockers

Pathophysiology
High blood glucose resulting from problems
with insulin secretion, insulin action, or
both
Signs & Symptomspolyuria(frequent urination,
polydipsia(excessive thirst),
polyphagia(excessive eating), headaches,
increased rate and depth of respirations,
low K levels,
Nursing Problems / Nursing
Diagnosis
Ineffective renal tissue perfusion
Risk for infection r/t increase healing time
Risk for injury related to hyperglycemia
Imbalanced nutrition
Knowledge deficit

Nursing
Interventions
Monitor diet
Provide water
Administer insulin and oral
medications
Provide O2 as needed

Teaching & Discharge

Planning
Stress importance of diet
and exercise
Inform pt. about taking
meds daily and as
prescribed.