Chapter 1 ~ Earthquake Characteristics & Vibration Theory SOR Workbook ~ 2012 18C Version OCS een Angular Natural Frequency, @ (radians/second) o=\Kjm —_ butwhere W- mg or [Kg w= we where g = 32.2 fi/sec? = 386.4 in/sec? Linear Natural Frequency, f (Hz, cycles/second) . T° o9 Natural Period, T (seconds) (Period of vibration) Multiple Degree of Freedom (MDOF) Systems When a dynamic analysis is necessary on a multi-story building, the structure is modeled as having lumped masses at each of the floor and roof levels. A two-dimensional analysis on a 3-story building (sce Figure 1.7) will result in three individual mode shapes. Each of the mode shapes has an associated natural period of vibration. The 1 mode, also known as the fundamental mode, has the longest period. Higher mode shapes will have shorter periods. A structure’s actual response to an earthquake becomes very complicated as the number of stories (i.e., ‘mass levels) increases. Consideration of mode shape factors, participation factors, etc. is necessary to determine the structure’s response, Typically, a structure’s predominant response will be in the fundamental (i.¢., 1") mode. 1-10 ‘Steven T. Hiner, MS, SE