Odin 1S 44/18 & 48/24 THE UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AERO3250 AERODYNAMICS 2 & MECH3211 FLUID MECHANICS 2 November 2003 Time allowed: Two hours TOTAL NUMBER OF QUESTIONS - 4 ANSWER ANY 3 QUESTIONS THE QUESTIONS ARE OF EQUAL VALUE THIS EXAM BOOK MAY BE RETAINED BY THE CANDIDATE44/18 8 48/24 Semester 2 Page 1 of 6 1 (a) 25m%/s flow occurs ina 6 m wide rectangular channel which has Man- nings n= 0.017 and bottom slope Sy = 0.001. Obtain the following. (i) Flow depth. (i) Flow character i (iv) Describe the flow behaviour upstream, through and downstream of acontraction with width smaller than that obtained above. Channel width required to produce critical fow in a contraction. Describe in words the fundamental difference between supercritical and subcritical channel flow. (b) A rectangular channel 6 1m wide carrying 11.3 m*/s per unit width has, an abrupt change in bottom slope leading to a hydraulic jump. What is the height of the hydraulic jump. What energy is lost in the jump. 2 (a) Tests on a centrifugal pump showed that at the design dischange of 0.03m*/s of water at 15°C a net positive suction head of 3m was required to pre- vent, cavitation. Determine the maximum elevation of this pump above the water level in a sump from which it is required to pump 0.03m°/s of water at 15°C if cavitation is to be avoided at this discharge. Length of 100mm ID galvanised steel suction 0m (regardless of the elevation of the pump). O1kPa. Neglect minor losses in the suetion Atmospheric pressure Assume a pipe friction factor f =44/18 & 48/24 Semester 2 Page 2 of 6 (b) The pump in the sketch below is to deliver 110 litres/s to the outlet at elevation 165m and 220 litres/s to the upper reservoir. Calculate pump power and required diameter of the 300m pipe. Elevations are in metres. f= ee Et 150 (c) Deseribe at least four steps that can be taken to mitigate against cavita- tion in a pumping system, 3 (a) A (streamlined) trout 0.25m long with a surface area of 0.02m? can supply O.4W of power for swimming. How fast upstream (relative to the bottom) can the fish swim in a turbulent river fowing at Ims™! (b) Sketch the streamlines for the flow of air at standard temperature and Pressure over @ smooth cylinder with diameter 0.1m and free stream velocity U = 0.0001m/s. On a plot sketch the pressure distribution against angle around the cylinder surface from the leading edge point to the trailing edge point. (c) Sketch the streamlines for the time average flow of water at standard temperature and pressure over a smooth cylinder with diameter 0.1m and free stream velocity U = 0.6m/s. On a plot sketch the pressure distribution against angle around the cylinder surface from the leading edge point to the trailing edge point44/18 & 48/24 Semester 2 Page 3 of 6 (d) Calculate the drag for each of cases (b) and (c) and estimate the compo- nents of skin friction and form drag in each case and discuss the respec- tive values. How could the drag for the bigh Reynolds number flow be reduced; give reasons. 100 10 4 Air enters a converging-diverging diffuser with a Mach number of 2.8, static pressure pi of 100 kPa and a static temperature of 200 C. For the flow situation shown, find exit velocity, exit static pressure and exit stagnation pressure. 0.50 m244/18 8 48/24 Semester 2 Page 4 of 6 ‘The following information may be of assistance: Density of water = 998kg/m°, air =1.21 kg/m! Volume of sphere = 4 Kinematic viscosity of water = 10-®m?/s Air = 1.5 x 10-m?/s, k= 14, R=287 5 Gravitational acceleration = 9.8m/s? Vapour pressure of water = 2.1KPa 1.46 074 Oy = Fags laminar), To (eared), Chu, ~ ™ ms © (transition) 2 daisy 7 =1/2 [ J+ 8Fr - 4] R=A/P Cp, = Sh ‘ ar “ 2 v fate ¥ (7) P= mem Baysste UP, UEP pitta = bt het Hy tH 29” pg Potion ene araee alanrge 5. (%)" x 2S Q= AR Cea 7) Enin = 5UeM/18 © 48/24 Semester 2 Page 5 of 6 TABLE 8.1 Correlations for a One-Dimensional, Ientropic Flow of Perfect Air = 1a) A & a a Wl a Pa Pa i ° a 1.00000 1.00000 “90000 0.05 1592 + o9s82s 0.99675 0159950 010 5.8218 039303 0.99502 0.39800 015 3.9103 oss441 0.98864 0.39552 020 2.9635 097250 0.98027 0.98206 025 2.4027 0.95745 0.96942 0.98765 2.3005 030 2.0351 0.83947 0.85636 0.98232 tanto 035 1.7760 osta77 oai2e 037608 6336 0.80 45801 0.89562 0.82428 0.36899 4201 045 1.4487 0.87027 0.80552 0.36108 4.2607 050 13398 84302 0.8517 0.95238 112957 055 1.2550 oats 0.35342 0.94295 1.02174 0.60 14882 0.78400 0.84045 0.93284 oats 065 121356 0.75283 ost6aa 0.92208 0.85483 070 1.08437 0.72082 0.79158 ost07s = O78896 075 4.06242 0.68857 0.76603 o.ssee8 073155, 0.80 1103823 0.65602 9.74000 0.88652 058110 85, 1.02067 0.62351 o71361 087374 0.63640 030 1.00886 059126 0.68704 0.86058 0.59650 095 1.00214 0.85946 .ssoa4 0.88710 0.56066 1.90 1.00000 052828 0.63394 0.83333 0.52828 195 1.00202 0.48787 0.60765 01933 0.49888 110 4.00783 0.46835 ossi6s 0.80515 0.47206 145 101746 0.43983 0.55616 0.73083 0.46751 120 1.03044 0.81238 os3it4 0.77640 0.42483 125 1.04676 0.38606 0.50670 076190 40st 130 06631 0.36092 oagze 074738 036404 135 4.08804 0.33657 0.45980 0.73287 036697 140 11149 o3taz 0.43742 0.71839 0.35036 145 14440 028272 o.tsst 0.70387, 0.33486 150 1.1782 027240 0.58965 0.32039 135 12115 0.25325 0.67545 030685 160 1250 0.23527 0.66138 02564 155 12922 0.21839 0.64746 0.28221 170 1376 0.20259 031969 0.63372 0.27038 175 13865 0.18782 0.30287 o.2016 0.26082 1.80 1.4390 o.r7408 ©-28682 1.60680 0.25004 135 14952 0.16120 027153 0.59365 ozete2 490 15555 0.14824 025699 058072 023211 1295 16183 0.13813 024317 0.56802 0.22367 2.00 1.6875 0.12780 0.23005 0.55556 0.21567 205 1.7600 011823 0.21760 0.54333 020808 210 113369 0.10935 020580 0.53135 020087 25 istas 0.10113 0.19463 051962 0.19403 220 20050, 0.09352 0.18405 0.50813 0.18751 225 2.0964 o.0e68 = 0.17404 0.49689 0.18130 230 21931» 0.07997 o-16a58 48581 0.17539 235 22953 0.07396 0.15564 047517 0.16875 240 24031 0.06840 0.14720 0.45463 0.16437 245 25168, 0.06327 o.13922 0.4544 0.15823 2.50 26367 0.05853 0.13169 0.4444e 0.15432 255 27630 oosais —O.tase 0.43463 0.14963 260 2.8960, 005012 O1787 0.517 0.14513 265 3.0359, 0.04639 04154 0.41569 014083 270 3.1830 0.00295 0.10557 0.40688 0.13671 275 3.3376 0.03977 0.09994 0.38801 0.13276 2.80 3.5001 0.03685 0.09462 0.38941 0.12897 25 36707 o.o3a1s 0.08362 0.38102 0.12534 230 3.8498 0.03165 o.08a68 0378s. O.t2185 295 4.0376 0.02935, 0.08043 0.35490 0.11850 Saat (Gantnsedon rent page)44/18 & 48/24 Semester 2 Page 6 of 6 ‘TABLE 8.1 (continuea) Beet Coe a B . ™ a bo Pa m Pa 300 aise «on —~«OTEB oar OnNS27 350 é7ae oats ozs 08802 40 10719 Conese 002766 o23e0 = C0705 45016562 Boose, 001745 39802 oosr23 5.00 25.000 189(10) 0.01134 0.16667 0.04725, 6.00 53.189 633( 10)" 0.00519 0.12195, 0.03368, $00 1oates——2aattoy* 0.00264, Ong2ss 02516 8.00 190.109, 402(10)-* 0.00141 0.07246, 0.01947 Soo davies avattoy? "ooo .s814 0.01550 10.00 535.5 236(10)7_ 0,000495 0.04762 0.01263 © es ° ° ° a TABLE 8.3 Correlation of Flow Properties Across a Normal Shock Wave as a Function Cf the Upstream Mach Number for Ait, = 14 a i Be a 7 2 Pu A qh Pa We Tames Fanon ao0c0 0000000008 19. a5 14992888 Haas ase a i cee gen eine oe tm teat 13183 ate am Oizee 125 agtzes = tssz_ nantes o.s06 Ve Shatse tomo Vier aes ans 13 thes tse Nose tae Sisera a ei em tae ae oissi3 Vi Ghasse = baee tne Vee oiseas 150 oot nase tsa 13am oss te cao ee eae oss te Gees = Beant Ean? aan Sasez0 1 cesSeg = Sose Sse aaa Orsas lo comes sees ater tases (7 ames aang, 2781 tasa6 i testa Sse tate pe oer iamee cen aed ee tot coseete cee ass ineea 200 osrm35 13875 Be Otay td iio ete Vyroa Bis ade its tae ousios ius Oaree ies tase saa 22s asaoss pots =——tg014 aos 33 aaah Some 3aaa oe531 23 Oaaaet 30 User tetas 3a Obaane Sans Zuaa oso iS Gtr sas oust ots aso esta 332375 ougea ohne 338 Hae sos ie taser Saas hae acon a Games Sion Eset aise ih ae Sisco 3 ass 275 apie aera (23966 oagsaa bo teeny Seas Hise ‘Sag ie Gaaeo sos ioer 37300 350 Gastse ayas Lesa o35773 iss Gamat Sewe = See Saar 300 oasis aast 26790 32834 3 Wars ae oaiass ito Gasuse ‘Se dates, Stans as Gases fans rer st73 Sc Gta Sooo ‘So fotze foo abate 5203 7aan oases Sao Baerae Er Soisss boo Bsus ike Ser ose Soo 83000 Sea gees S98 1000 Oars? 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