INSTRUCTOR’S SOLUTIONS MANUAL INTRODUCTION to ELECTRODYNAMICS Third Edition David J. GriffithsAuthor: David Griffiths Date: September 1, 2014 fe Page d, Prob. 115 (bj: last expreswien should real y+ 2243, © Poge 4, Prob. L106; nt the boginsting, insert the following figure 1 ea NT 4 4 Page 8, Prob. 1.26: Lut line shomld read From Prob. 118: Wx vq — —Hwek 4 Dey stole WiC x va) — ft -fins) + £25) 4 fo x a ” M fe 46s 2 Daye 8, Prob 1.97, in the dedi schaunane y! tor *, Page 8, Prob. 1.2 minus sign). wart fir 3 (Wy), Sd nw, ned edunn J ines 25 the rmember inv the bene shone be -12 (insert + Page 9, Prob. 11, tine 2: change Qe! to 224) Gest Hue of part (e): iusert comme betwoen d& and 2 2 Peay 19, Pros 1.30, Tine Se reer reefer com 8. Page 1M Prob, L42(c}y last line: insert & alter 1d, Prob, 146(b): el or te # Page 14, Pith, 148, second lines of J: cher th intesral Geena oe la FR Fix Use per firnit- on ther as Tw es ev "Rte = as (er) (2 ir (ne + 08) + dae Page 18, Prob, 14M), lime Ae ir ee box, chiang© Page ry Page 17, Prob. 1 Penh, 1A (h), Hat integrations Scomstan® bund be Ua 2), 8 first expression in (4): inert a0 da = sin ed fe Page 17, Prob, Late Salution shin rene a fallow Problem 1.55 (rasa 0; dreds ath yo vedl = (22) dy at ved 0. (ra; 2 2 ty de dey; go vod = (y24) dy + (3y-+ 2) dz = y(2~ Qu) dp — (hy 2 — 2yl Qatar wie 24] Mu 1 (vag? a Bedy = t myth; dem dy 0 2:20 wed (yt ope foa-foe- TF] Mecarhile, Stoke! thereom says fv dl = f(W2 —a:]a psoudosealar charges sign under inversion of coordinates Problem 111 (a) Vs = 20k + By" 9 e427 (Uy = Daye + atytet y+ date (JVs = efsinyln 28 + of cosylns§ bet sing (1/2) Problem 112 {a) Wh = 1Ol(2y — Gz ~ 18) & + [2x - By +28) 9]. Vi = 0 at summit, 50. 0 } ay — 15 oy + 84 r= -2 ‘Top is [Smiles north, 2 mails wast, of South Hadley (0) Putting in z= -2, y =3: Aw 10(-12-12-36-436-464+ 12) = [208] () Putting in 2 = 1,y = 1: Vh= 10|(2— 6 — 18) R+ (2-8 +28) §] = 1o{-225 + 229) = 220-8 +9) [Wh| = 220% = [311 fefmile} direction: [northwest4 CHAPTER 1, VECTOR ANALYSIS Problem 1.18 = (a-2)R+-— WIS +e-2)8 8= Ve -2P + VP + G-eP. (a) V8) = Elle + wv) + (2-2) 84+ 2094 208 = Ae 2) R42 y—y H+ e— 2d = Be. (VG) = Kile—2F +o -w + e—2F bas POV e+ Rode =-Aocfae— 28 -h0-ba@ - 919 - b0mHe- 298 =- (Hie 2) 8+ v9 + (2 2)8] = 0 = (fy (©) et Problem W= +y cos +2 cing; multiply by sing: Psing = +y singcos.g + 2 sin® g. =v sin @ + 2 cos; multiply by cos 9: Fons # = —y sin écos + = cos" 6. (sin? ¢ + cos? ¢) = 2. Likewise, Foos¢ — Fsing = y. sing; 2 = sing; $F =cosd. Therefore =Ha+ HGS = + cosa Ply + sin XV) page = sin dV fy +05 6(V J): } so o/ wamionm ata er. ed EG) + K(Oes*) +f (-22) = 2240-2 = 0. (Vv = Alay) + Rvs) + Pare) = yt 2s + Oe. (Vv. = £4) + Pry + 24) + £ve! Problem L16 vere LA RR (a) = B [ett tot ts [et et tt] g [at et eed] = (7H +2(-3/2)0~ Hae £07} + yl-3/290)~ tat OF + 2(-3/2)0-Fae = =a at ty +) = ‘This conclusion is surprising, because, from the diagram, vector field is obviously diverging away from the ‘origin. How, then, can V-¥ O everywhere except at the origin, but at the corigin our calculation is no good, since r = 0, and the expression for v blows up. In fact, Vv is infinite at ‘that one point, and zero elsewhere, as we shall see in Sect. 1.5. Problem LI? +(28) + (20) 2 +4. 3, meme, +einds,: 7, = — singe, +eosduy. em Se cosgt Be win = (SEG + ae) cosh + (Seg + He GE) sind. Vee rele in Prob. 1.26 = (Bis con Ss sing) com (3 cons + Be tng) ing. Shaan anes Be onto (Rs SR) es (Be Be — (9p nina + cone) sind + (Bp ang + Be cone) cane. Sa Sha 5 Be = Ba con? 4 BH sin dean + Me sin cong + Be sn? b+ Ge sin? d— Be ain goons 05 @— Be sin peong + Se cos? = 94 (cost 3+ sin? d) + $e (bin? + cas!) = Se 4 Be, Problem 1.18 a ofacne wu-|2 £ £ |-s0-seres029 00-0 -ararae rare ages? -27r ky # (by Yew =| oa de |= 8(0-2y) + 9(0~ Sz) +8(0 — 2) = [By t — Be Ff - re. | xp Que are een eva, vera] ~— £ B | = xtaz— 25) 4 9(0-0) + #(2y— 29) = [2] yt (@ry +27) ye Problem 1.19 Vw yR +aH; Orv = yeR+ eeF + aysy or v = (Sx7z — 2k +35 + (x? = Sxz7) B, or v = (sin #) (cosh y) & — (cosz)(sinh y) $5 etc. Problem 120 (i) Vere) = Mpa a + Yel 5g + Mad a = (pf + oft) a+ (FG + oft) 9+ (FH + 98t) 2 =f (e+ e+ Be) +o(Har Bos He) = seV0) + oCVs). ced (A,B, - Ad eee = ALB.) + § (AeBy - Ay Br) Tn gate sts Ane — Be ni Aye — 8, = Be (he — Be) + 5 ( - dey (Me ~)— 4, (8-H) ~A, (Of ~ OB) ~ Ae (SB - Be) = BV KA)-A(PXB). aed (0) Voc (PA) = (gst — Mead + (Aad — Bad) 5 (gad — Shed g = (UPR + Ah TBR ANd) 8+ (+ AGE — 18 — AB)? + (198 + Ay hp ~ AE) =5((- os) a+ (ie — Be) 9 + (Ae - Me) a] ~ [(4oSh —AcSh) 8+ (AeSk — AUB) 9 + (ABE An BE) A] SS(VKA)—AXx (WS). ged Problem 1.21 (0) (AV) B = (Ants + Ay Bf + Ante) n+ (Ae + VRP + Asie) § + (Ante + Ay AB +A). ASAELLL. Let's just do the 2 component. le $ (eh +0h +8) ee6 CHAPTER 1. VECTOR ANALYSIS {eghscticgept| eye itp] =o -Arteel} BEE- A (et tay? bast) = EE 8 et ete) = LEB) Same goes for the other components, Henee: (c) (vaF) (Ps +302" tet) (ey 4 Dye + 3x28) # (yt +09 +328) 4 30:2 (2 + 209-408) — 22x (08+ 295 4328) (aty + 32424) & + (622% — Aaya) 9 + (az*2 — Gee) (a? (y +42?) #4 Bez Timo: (Opa eee ea eS fend ao (i) [V(A-B)), = 2(4. Be + AyBy +458) = 8408, + 4,88 + ep, + a, - + Shen, + Aye [AX(VxB)], = Ay(VXB), = A7XB)y = Ay( Zt — 2Be) — (882 — IBKC AN], = Bele — Hh) — Bal hfe ~ Hr) (A-¥)B], = (422 + Ae ae = ASB + Ay Be + A, 8B [(B-W)A], = Beas + By the + Bee So [Ax xB) + Bx(WxA) (AV)B+B-U)AL, = Ay BBs = A, Ofe = Affe + A, Of + B,8s a — 5 Ofe + Boe +A pn AMP Ba + A, 8B + By Ae + By’ = B. Aa Bis + By (S93 ~ YE + pine af) 1% +B a(— Sp + fe + Ope ) + As (— Ge 4 SB + Oh) = [V(A-B)], (same for y and 3) (vi) [Wx(AxBY, = RlAXB) — FAXB), = BAD, AyBe) ~ &(AcBe - AgB,) = ap, + Acip - Sup, - A, Ops = Ye, — A, Me 4 aD, + ABE ((B-V}A — (A-V)B + ACY-B) - B(V-A)}y rete Ae fe — A, Be — eee = B, Me + As(-4 + oft + Bb) + Bal’ oi + Ay(— Hf) a (= ek (8) =[¥x(AXB)], (same for y and z) bg ee ate Pula = Ulos+ Aisres+ LUI = ET gy HS = jh [o(zees sto + Wa) - ‘ibe fers ba)] = SYS, ged paseo eee fie, 2B Te) (ABA AR)] ET, at VAs)[¥xtAlg)], = (Asta) — £tAy/a) sr gar (Aft 48) (Game for y and 2). qed = RlGr2) + H(zy) + #(—22* — Gy?) Hldxz) + EOay) + Bi-22? — 04?) = 62 + 92 +0 = Ie Ved = & (£14) - $20) +5 (£(e) - Gs) +4 (L@v) - P)) <0; BWA) =O VB = &( 210) — E(-2e)) +9 (Gu) - R(O)) +8 (R(-22) — LeOy)) = -5% ACV xB) = -15 V(ARB) 5 B(WXA) —A-(¥ xB) = 0 ~ (152) = 152. 4 (b) AB = Sey — dzy = —2y ; W(AB) = U(-2y) = 88 (-2y) + 92 (20) = 98-29 op le zy 3 ao AX(T XB) = 10p) + $(52); Bx(WxA) = 0 (AWB = (2 + 20h + 328) (90 R— 229) = RUBY) + 9-28) (B-V)A = (suf — 272) (aR + 299 + 322) = R(3u) +9142) Ax xB) + Bx(VxA}+ (AVIB + (BPA S -lOyk + 3g + Gy ~ 22H + 39K — Ary — —yR—2y = (AB) (6) Vx(AxB) = & (5 (—2e* — Gy") — (Gay) + ¥ (s(Gz2) — (20 - Gy*)) +8 (E(0en) — H (6x2) = 8(=12y = Sy) + $(Gx + 4x) + #(0) = Dy K+ Wy VA = £(e) + By) + 2002) = 1424326, VB = 2(ay) + B(-22) =0 (B-V)A = (A-V)B + A(-B) ~ BUV-A) = By X — Arg ~ Gy k + 2H — By K+ L2rH = ~My + rH Vx (AXB). f Problem 1.28 (ay Se = Sh =0 > [WT = 2 -1 + [Wn = -3% = -Ssinesingsinz | -wr, £4 =-97, + [Feo] = Fe = Vay = 62 ) [Wy 28 4629. 0» Vn =08 CHAPTER I. VECTOR ANALYSIS Problem 1.26 Fx(Vt) = & § [=e Bd) +9 abe — aKa) + 81 aEty — ate) = 0, by Le me In Prob. L11(b), Uf = 2zys" 8 4 SeiyPetf 4 days, 0 * $ 2 & om, Fe agit gobbst ashi actyts? +94 Bett Broblem 1.28 {a} (0,0,0) —+ (1,0,0). 2:01, (1,00) — (1,1, 0). WO Le (2, 1,0) — (Ld, 1). 12:09 hat Total: [val = (1/3) +041 = [475 J lidl=dstjv-dl=yhds =0;f¥-d=0. Ayal = dy $5 vl = Qye dy = Qydys J ved = fp 2y dy = y?|h = 1. Asal = de Q;y dl = Pde; fv -dl = J) 27 de = (27 /3)]h = 1/3. aayP23) +.2(2-Baytet (b) (0,00) + (0, oy (0,0, 1) + (0,1, (0,141) (141, Hf 504%, Total: fv -dl = 0+1+(0/8) = [478.] (hes yar :0 6 Myde = dy = deyv lm x3 dr + Qyzdy + yds = 2 de De dt 2 de = dod, [vedl = fj 4x? de = (4z"/3)ip = [478.] (d) fwd = (4/3) - (4/3) = [0 Problem 1.29 ay 09 Le = Oda = drdyay-da = let — 3)drdy = —Sydedy; fv -da = —3 fo de fe vdy = —8{2(9)2 8) = —8(2)(2) = [12.] tn Bx. 1.7 we got 20, for the same boundary Iine (the square in the 2y- plane), so the answer is [nd:] the surface integral does not depend only on the boundary line. The total flux for the cube is 20 + 1: Problem 1.30 [Pdr = fs%dzdyds. You can do the integrals in any order—here itis simplest to save 2 for last: felf f+) pg ‘The sloping surface is 2 +y-+2 = 1, sothe x integral is [0~ -y-2 For agiven 2, y ranges from 0 to 1 = 2,80 the y integral is fj" —y- 2) dy = [(1—=)y— wane = (1-2)? -[(1-2)"/2] = (1-2/2 =Tip) =14442=7; Ma) =0. + [T(b)— Ta) =7. = (Be + dy) + (4a + D2°}F + (Gye?) WT -dl = (20 + Ay)ds + (Ax + 22°) dy + (6ye" de (0) Segment 1: x Segment 2: Segment 3: = 0. WT-dl = {j{Q2)dz = 2|, =1 0, dem ds = 0 [VTA = fO08) |, dz = dy = 0. [Td = J ; | geraers (b) Segment 1:2 =dy=0. fra = a fhe Segment 2: y 2) Segment 3: 2:0-+1, y=2=1, guaeoperang (a? +4a)[,=1+4=5. () 20-91, yaa, saa, dy = drds = 2edz. UT dl = (Qe t elds + (Ai + 2a hd + (Gea Qeds = (IOs + hehe pvr. 1 Problem 1.32 e+ 14a"hde = (Ga + 224)|, = 54 2= Vey ay te $3e S00v}de = fly + 22432) de dyds = ff{fply +22 +32) do} dy ds PS [y+ taht B2"]2 = My +22) 46 Uday +42 + 6yay} de Sp [v7 + ae + Bp], = 4 + 24s + 6) = 8 + 16 = fO(G2+ 16)de = (42? + 162))3 = 16 +32 = [FS Numbering the surfaces as in Fig. 1.29: (0 da = dyde8,2 =2. veda = Yydyde. fueda = [[2ydyde = 27h = 8. (i) da = —dy de, 2 = 0. v-da = 0. fv-da = 0. (ii) da = drdz§,y = 2. veda = drdrdz. fv Foy =0. veda = 0, [veda = 0, 2, veda = Grde dy, [via = 24, 0. veda =0. = [fardeds = 16. Vxv = £0 2y) + HO — 32) + 80 - 2) = -2yk— Bop = wa da = dyd2, if we agree that the path integral shall run counterclockwise. So (Wrev}eda = -2y yds.19 CHAPTER 1. VECTOR ANALYSIS Woawpeta = {E-Bay} de | Sov = 2-27 = — ld dey ade (a2 g) EE -(6-8+ 9 =EF ‘Meanwhile, v-dl = (xy)dx + (2y2)dy + (Szx}dz. There are three segments. y S| NY TH O.y:092. ful =0. , te = dy, y 22-9 0. wil = Dz ata = Ley ~ 2y"bdy = ~ (2y? - Bh dy =0; 2:2-+0. vel =0. fv-dl=0. So fv. =- 6-3-9 a By Corollary 1, f(WXv}-da should equal , VXv = (424 ~ 2a)k + 224, = yds, 2 = 1; 9.4: 0-91. (Wrvpada = a? ~ Bldpds; JUV vam = fp (42? ~2)dz = (fe = 22) = §-2=-F (7 x¥)-da = 0, (Y xv)-da = 0, ‘SOF xv)-aa 4 (a) Use the produet rule Vx{JA) = (WA) Ax (9): [1exa)-tn= [oxy dnt flax con) dam firm a+ [rxeon da. ged. (U used Stokes” thearem in the last step.) (b) Use the product rile V-(A x B) = B-(VxA) — A-(V xB): i (xan = [oA xBydrs fA (Wm) de = f(a wm) ans [A (xB ar a (Lused the divergence theorem in the last step.)u Problem 1.36 |r = fa? ey? += Problem 1a? ‘There are many ways to do this aue—probably Ube most iuminating way is to work it out by trigonometry from Fig, 1.36. ‘The mast systematic approach is to study the expression: oom" (Serta) B= ta" (8) RLY P+ eh = rsinfomdd + rsinBsingy + reoshe I Lomly vary r slightly, then dr = L(r}dr is a short vector pointing in the dircetion of increase In r. To make x aunit vector, I must divide by its length. Thos: ind cose sind sin 9 + cond; [$E[? = sin” 8 con? d+ sin? Bin” G+ cns*@ = 1. =reordroags + renadsin g 9 — rsindd; [85 |? =r? cos? A cost dtr" cos" Asin” + 17 sin™@ in Gsin dx + rsin@ cos py; ||" = rPain® Asin + 2? sin? dcos? @ = r° sin? Sind corga + ansngp > cose cna ccs OR+ensOanoy - sinde, sind +008 69. in? @eos 88+ sin’ sin oF + sind cos cost Peas + cos @siniy — sin asl, Add these: (1) sin@t +cos6O =+e08d8+sin oy; 2) § = =singk +oas 87 Multiply (1) by eos, (2) by sin @, and subtract: Ka sindamdé Hees Pocsdd —eindd. Multiply (2) by sin, (2) by cos, and add: Ja sindan ph pendula gO 4 ce sin@eos #cos@X | sind'cas@sind ¥ + cost #2. sin Ocos dcos p% + sinras# sind § — sin? 8, Subsract those: 2 = conor ~ sino G.2 CHAPTER 1. VECTOR ANALYSIS Problem 1.38 fa) Sov = eB (Pr) = Ade = de [OV-,}de = fldr)(e? sind dr de) = (4) [Petar [5 sind [37dp = (4) (4) (2)(20) —[aeR® Jvaeiia = fr?B)r? sin 8 dB dd F) = rf sin @ dB [2° dé = 4 RY (Note: at surface of sphere r= FR.) tb) Pova = def (2) = 0 J¥rda = J (SF) (r? sin@da dee) = fain eae dg = [Ae] ‘They don’t agrec! The point is that this divergence is zero except at the origin, where it blows up, so our talculation of f(a) is correct. The right antwer is 4 Problem 139 El reo) + hy A lainersind) + aby Ate sine.cosg) sin (—sin g) [09 ovldr = [U5 c0s0— sin d) 1? sin Bde dd ds = Jor? de {ef [ 5" (S089 — sin §) dd] sind h2x(5 cos) = (#) (LOm] Jif sin Pca , al = [aR ‘Two surfaces—one the hemisphere: da = R? sin dédd# r= Ry @:0— 2m, 0:04 f. Jveda = flr cos8)F? sind dé dg = RY [5 cin Bcosdd® J2" dé = R® (2) (2x) = RP other the Hat bottom: da = (dr)(rsin@ dé){+8) = rairdé 6 (here @ = §). 710+ R, Syeda ye de fo" db = 2! Total: [veda = nh! 4 eR) = Oak. ¢ * Problem 1.40 | Wr = (cos + = 949) = Ag (?*leae + sinBeos6)) + shy fy (sind(—sind + cost casd)) + sohy fj (~sind) = B2rlcosd + sinBeos) + agl—2sinBeosd + cos? Beas —sin? Pens) — - ens ~ 0066] yalral2sin@ fos 4 + 2sin® # caso ~ 2sin 8 fos + cos? Bas — sin’ zaizs [(sin" # + cos? #) cos cos ¢] =, +[Fiso Check: #6088 = 2, rinBoosd Gradient Theorem: J? Vt (b) — ta) Segment 1: 0 = 51 6 =0, r: 0-42. dl =dré; Otedl = (coed + sinBoasd}dr = (0+ 1)dr = dr. [Viel = J dr = 2 Segment £6 = §. r= 2, 0:04 45. dl=rsindded = 2dee, ‘Veedl = (sin 9)(2d9) = —Dsingdg. [Ved = — [F dain geld = Deon gi = in Cartesian coordinates 1 = 2+ 2. Obviously, Laplacian is zero,13 (-sind + c08#cos}(2 d#) = —2sin 8 a. 2sin# dd = Deossl = 2. 5 ' le t(b) = ta Doe. fT [201 + 0)) = (0()] = 2. Problem 1.41 From Fig, 142,[8= casi +sind ‘Multiply first by coag, second by sin @, and subtract: Seach — Bsind = cos GR + cospsin df + sin? AR ~ sin pcos dF casa — sin 6d. ‘Multiply first, by sin 4, second by cos ¢, and add: sin bt + cong fs 2 = 2 S{sin? 6 + cos? ¢) Asin + doosd =singeosd& +siu® A9 — sindoos 68 +cos" dF = Flsin” 4 + con? 4) =F. So|f =singd + cosgg. Problem 142 a - ” (a) Vor sin d cos ¢) + (32) sin? g) +8 nt +3 = A tsin?d + cos? 6 +3 =| (0) J(V-v)dr = Jis)edodgds = 8 [2 ods fF dp fe de = 3(2) (§) (5) = [40x] Meanwhile, the surface integral has five parts: 2adedd = Wadeds. [vida —Sesdsdo eda ssingcos¢dads =0. fv-da =0. -ssin@cospdsdz = 0, [va = 0. froat: s = 2, da = sdp dea; voda = s(2 + ain” g)edp ds = 4(2-+ sin” gdp de. AE (2 sin? gaa J8 dz = (A)lx + $115) = 25, Se + 25e =40n. (28 (4) ~ fi esim Geos 6) 8 + (¥E (st+ sin #)) - La) & +4 (Blot aingeong) — g (ol? +sin?))) 8 = 15 fp sds [F do = 15m, 0. 26 ain 6 cos 6 — 8 Zain groosd) Problem 1.43, (a) 8(3") = 2(3) = 1 = 27 - 6 = 1 = [20 (b) cose = (=) i} (@) In(—2 +3) = Im Problem 1.44 (@ (22+ 3)}(2)a2 = f+) = (b) By Eq. 1.94, (1 = 2) = 8(2=1),s014342=[6]uu CHAPTER 1. VECTOR ANALYSIS (e) [2,928 ite + Pde = (4) b= (4 [1 ia> dO act, Problem 1.45 (a) J, Fle) [a ghb(e)] de = 2 HIT, — J Ge Fle) dle) de ‘The first term is zero, since: d(x) = 0 at £00; f(z f(x) = ah + Mf aah +f. So the integral is — J, (xff + f) 6(2) dr = 0 J(0) = -7(0) =~ [%, flz}#le) de. So, 2 4(z) =—Alz). ged th) (, Heydeae = s(x e(e) (7, — J, Lee )de = (00) — o° Fede = f(s) — (F (00) — #0) = £(0) = J, Hz)s(2) dz. So ff = Sz). ged Problem 146 Check: foliar = 9 fete—e)drma. v itz). (€) Evidently p(x) = Ad(r — R). To-determine the constant A, we require Q= Jade = [AS(r - Ryanr*dr = AdeR. Sods Sy. [alr) Problem 1.4? (a) at tan +a? = [Bat] (b) fle — by He) =P = (+2) =[F] (c) 2 = 2549.44 = 38 > 86 = 6, wo is outside , so the integral is [7670-] (a) (e- (28 + 2y 4-28))? = (18 +05 + (198)? and hence the integral is e-(d — ©) = (3,2, 1} Problom 148 First mothod: use Bq. 1.99 10 urite J = fev" (and4e)) dr = axe = [in] Second method: integrating: by parts (use Ez, 1.59), ix = ferent see Bat V(e~") = fherantacs fork tanoanase te fectaree® fanedas = tin (eI + te = tn (eH) = te H+ F042 (P)=[0} v= ¥xF = of ctee Nate1b ‘Fy is 8 gradient; Py isa curl] [Ba 4 (zt +y? +27)] would do (Ps = Vy). For Ai,-we want (2 - 924) = (9% — 3) = 0; GB ~ Be mat Ay =F, Ap = Ay = 0 would do it (F, = VxAn). (But these are not nique) 29 & He tear ay So Fy can be written us the gradient of a scalar (Py = VUs) and as the curl of a vector (Fs ="¥XAs). In does the job. Por the vector potential, we have Rea + PF yy) +2 (2-2) =0 24, _ Sd ye, which suggests As = date + flasehs Ay = — fe? + olen) Se Hoe mugen as = bee hea a= feat #2) te ay, wo “A, = Ley + kly.2); As = fay? 4 Uz.) Putting this all together: [A, (eaain, not unique). Serum a iguanas (OG: Vx (Eq, 144 — uel of gradient is always zero), (a) 3 (ec): $F edi = (WE) de (2 bh RR )Fedl~ [2 Peds [Pedi fF: [ras [pa (b) = (ch_same as (c) = (b), only in reverse; (c) = (a): same as (a)= (6) (Ba. 1.57-Stokes’ theorem). =fP- = 0,50 H(WoeW] = 0 (Eq 146—divergence of curl is always zera). 0 (Bq. 1.56-—divergence theorem}. F-da=0, 50 [eden f Pa (ote: sign. change because for $F da, dais outward, whereas for surface II it is émwar) (b) = (c}: same as fc) = (b), in rovers; (&)-+ (a): same as (a)=+ (€) Problem 1.52 In Prob. 1.15 we found that W-v, = 0; in Prob. 1.18 we found that Wxv. =0. So- [v, can be written as the gradiont of a scalar ¥q ean be written as the curl of a vector. (a) (0): $F da (e)3 (bh fpF-da— fj, Pala (2) To find & () Saws tavet se) (2) = (zy + 27) () B= 2pi6 ‘CHAPTER 1. VECTOR ANALYSIS Feom (1) & (8) we get Hf = 2ye + f= ys + oly) t= vie + yet + oly), 90H = Dey +2? + BE = ry + 2 (from (2)) => § = 0, We may as well pick 9 = 0; then [F = zy?+ p27. (b) Tofind W: 2 — Me fs te sete, BME tee, Pick W, = 0, them Lae =W, =~ 2 f(y.2) 222 3 Wy = 2% + oly, 2). ). May as well pick f= 9 = 0. ry - PPh ee Check? VxW=| eh - & & (x) +9 (B22*) +8 (222). O. —wls —3etet You can add any gradient (Vt} to W without changing its curl, so this answer is far from unique. Some ‘other sokutions: W222 t= 2729; W = (Qeye + 2s") t+ 2p; W a ayzk~ ata§ + do (y- 32" Frobelm 18 1.0 ge Z iene eee vv = FE 6 emo) + ew (sin eond) = Lg (-r4condsind) = Sar om + 1 contr? cond + Le (=r? onBeoed) = POO isin + cond — cond = trond. we [one [torconsyrt sovscinar-a fos Poetinss fu (3) @) RR. ¥ dam (RE co08) (I sin dada). [rana [oewoe fae ()Q)— Surface consists of four parts (1) Curved: da = A sin dl déwv (2) def: da (8) Back: da =r drddd: $= 0. v-da = (r¥con@ain) (rd de} = 0. f'¥-da =o. é. (-1?castsin d) (rdrd) = =r? cosd dr dd, [rie foe [ota-—(ix)on- (i) Bottoms da = resin dr dp, 8 = n/2. vida = (r?coeg) (rdrds) (ba). So f(Fxw) da = (b— a}. vid = (oy 8+ bop) - (dak + dy§ 4 ded) = ay de + bedy; x? +y? = RY = Be de-+ Ipdy =0, 20 dy = —(2/y)da, So v- dl = ays + be(—2/y) de A For the “upper” semicircle, y= yRF—a?, a0 v- dt = EP" ay, ieee [Sate {ortsin (2) - +n | S04 Caw al} = tte — 9 (aa) - ain H(449) = ta 8) (-F - F) R a i n = gARa— bysin“*(2/R)| caer = rR-0). [And the same for the lower semicircle (y changes sign, but the limits on the integral are reversed) so if ‘FRib— a). ¥ Problem 1.55 ae de de e041. vedl= (y+ 3z}dy = yay. fran foun} (2) 2=0; 22-24; de = Dey, yo 90. vedl = (y+ Sx) dy + Ode = yay — 12dy = ly — 12) dy, [va fir-ma-- (5-2) Grey a0; dee dy=0; 2240 v= 6ds; 4 F -p+ ‘fea18 CHAPTER 1. VECTOR ANALYSIS: Total: fv-dt= b- 2402-12 =[0 Meanwhile, Stokes’ thereom says § v-dl'= J(W xy) -da. Here da = dy de, a0 all we need is (Vw) = F 16) — Blyt 92) =0. Thoreiore [(WXv) «da =0. ¢ vd = (Pees? 8) (dr) = 0. fv dl = 0. (2) r= 1, 6 = § 620-942. ved = (Sr)(rsind dd) = Sal. Svaes faa. Iso = hy, dr ‘cos?@ 4+ sin? 6 ae ee ee la 2a) 2-0) ‘Therefore 1 * Faia Tota: frame Ss Stokes' theorem says this should equal [(Wx)-da L : 8 Pe Otc. vow = hg [pleineaey — 2 tet [acvay (eos?) = jut] é +t [jetcrremesine) -§ (ovsto)] é 1 Fain! = Seotet- 08, (1) Back foce: dn = =r de dig; (Vx¥)-da= 0. (WV xv) sda =o (2) Bottom: da = =rsin# dr dp; (W xv) da = Grsin ddr dd, # [Srecad}# + 2[-6rjd-+ far cosdsin# + 2rcastsingl »80 (Vx) da = Orde dg(0) Left aide: x =a 5 de = — da; y= 0 Therefore fed = 0, (2) Bottom: ds =0. Therefore fv -dl = 0. (3) Back: 2=0~ dys dr = =1/2dy; yi2a 0. fyedi= Folge Meanwhile, VXv = 3,50 {C7 xv) - da is the proj fF Problem 1.58 ie ar a ag (sin Or? cas vw B (rien) + 2 5 (ante cone) + yarpag tm) ar = 4afang+ 29 sint a) = 2°. (sin! 0+ cos 8 ~ sin? = Lee sin 9) = 25 (pin? + cos*# ~ sin? #) “i ete, Sane a : sin20)"* [= 7) (e®sin@deaodd) = Joa fovenfar- (n°) (2) [+ a : wrt (ott) <2 (oat) - a] [one Surface consists of two parts: (1) The ice cream: r= R$ 0 Br; 6:0 —-a/6; da = Asin Od0 dpa; vd = (R¥ sind) (RY sinddadd) = ‘Rt sin? 9d de De A 7 nil _ an ~ foo] Velv xe) = e-(Vxv) —v-{Wxe} =e -(Wxv}. (Note: Wxe = 0, since ¢ ix constant) Meanwhile vector Identity (1) says da -(v x ¢) = e+ (da x v) = -e (x da). Thus fie: (Vx) dr = — fe-(v xa). Take € outside, and again let « be, #, @ then: fre ot [ovrnar=— fv xda. aed (o} Let w = TWU in divergence theaceea: ['V-(TVU) de = [TV da. Product cule #(5) + V-(PVU) = TU(U) = (VU) KUT) = PVE 4 (WU) + (VT). Therefore [crv (90-97) ae = [Tw do. ed (4) Rewrite (e) with Tee Us [(UV?T + (VT) (VU) dr = [(UPT)-da, Subtract this from (c}, noting that the (VU) (VT) terms: cancel: fevie-ov'r) are fru -ovry-a ed (c} Stoke's theorem: (Vw) -da = fv-dl. Let y =P. By Product Rule #7} VX(T) = TCV Xe) ~ x (VT) = cx (WT) (since c is constant). Therefore, ~ fe x (UT) -da = f Teal. Use-vector indentity {1 to rowrive tho first corm (e x (WF)) da = e.(WT x da). So - fo: (UT xda) = fe-Tel. Pull e outside, Ail let ©. 3h, and & ta proves fra. ot Problem 187 (a) da = A’ sin# dd cp f. Let the surface be the northern hemisphere, ‘The & and components clearly integrate ‘te zero, and the # component of f is cos, s0 [vrwane nef resintotdnay = 2eR?& [sn Box da = anf (b) Let T= 1 in Prob. 1.60(a). Then V= 0,0 $da=0. god. (c) This follows from (b). Por suppose a, # aaj then if you put ther together to make a closed surface, fdam mo #0. (a) For ane such triangle, da = }(r x dl) (since rx dl isthe area of the parallelogram, and the dizection is Oe aucenal wince mintacdaeaadargsreda (c} Lot T = c-r, and use product rule #4: VT = Vle-r) = ex (Vxr)+(e- Vy. But Vxr = 0, and (e-Vhe= (eaih Hoek reap ek +78 = 28) meek oF + cod =e. So Prob. 1606) cays fran flcnan-fovmrdn-[eniaanex fues-enecaxe el Problem 102 ty ve 1 1 12 = )=aaRt For a sphere of radius R: veda = [(}F)-(RPsinfddddé) = R J sin Oa dé = An. | 8 So di S(vdr = 1149 (anos aree) = (For) (sie 9 40 da) = 42. ent check theorem checks. [Evidently there is no delta function at the origin. 10 18 w= aa {except for n = —2, for which we already know (Eq, 1.99) that the divergence is 4n5%(r)). (2) Geometrically, it should be zero. Likewise, the curl in the spherical coordinates obviously gives ‘To be certain there ix no lurking delta function here, we integrate over a sphere of radius K, using Prob. L60(b): IV x(e"#} = 0, then (Wxv)dr = 0 2 fy xda. But v = r"F and da = FP sin8 dé doF are both in the # directions, so v x dam 0, ¥ vx itn (09) = Fin tay [neeChapter 2 Electrostatics Problem 2.1 (=) (Zero. (0) | = gic | where ls the distance fom center to each numeral. points foward the mising Explanation: by superposition, this is equivalent to (a), with an extra —9 at 6 o’clock- torclve it miro, the net force is that of —g only, (@ [aw ince Ube Force af all (| Gog | Pointing toward the missing g. Same reason as (b). Note, however, that if you explained (b) as «8 cancellation in pairs of opposite charges (1 o'clock against 7 o'clock; ? against 8, etc.), with one unpaired q doing the job, then you'll need a different explanation for (dl) Problem 2.2 E (a) “Horizontal” components cancel. Net vertical field is: E, = 32 2,8 cosd, 1 2az ‘ Heres? = 2? 4 (2)? : cod = se a of “ meer E When 2 22 d you're so far away it just looks like a single charge 2g; the field oole@ should reduce to E = lz 488. And it does (just set d +0 in the forenula) (b) This time the “vertical” components cancel, leaving = 7 =F From far away, (2 >> d), the field goes like E = q4- 92, which, as we shall see, is the field of a dipole. (If we st d ~» 0, we get E = 0, as is appropriate; to the extent that this configuration looks like a single point charge from far away, the net charge is zero, so E+ 0.) 22 -an'[-zr]|, at | vn) Gore) Far: % B you expert it to look like a point change g = AL: E> gi; A¥2. Tl checks, for with 2 2» L the & Frovlom 2.4 7 From Ex. 2.1, with L$ and > 4/2? + (3)* (distance from center of edge to P), field of one edge is: da ‘There are 4 sides, and we want vertical components only, so multiply by 4cos = 4% Das 7 prt teseend res gee Problem 25 “Horizontal” components cancel, leaving: E {JS e088) & I Here, a? = 5? + 2%, cos = § (both constants), while [dl = 2xr. So a, Be B eaiaeait Froblem 26 ‘Break It into rings of radius r, and thickness dr, and use Prob. 2.5 to express the field of each ring, ‘Tatal charge of a ring is o-2nr-dr = A-2rr, 80 A= adr is the “line charge” of each ring, Bring = E a a 1 (adr}Oers ai sf 5 ode (te Freee ye Be een eres n= att — eera CHAPTER 2, ELECTROSTATICS Problem 2.7 = E is clearly in the 2 direction. Fram the diagram, dy = oda = a? sin 94d P42? Rr 0088, py 1 [aR sin6 dB gts — Ross) brea (RT + a7 — 2Recosdy™ 1 a, ["__{e—Revas) sind = are 0 feta (Rt) is see Integral can ba done by partial freetions—or look: It up. Jeb = 2x rs Lec u=cond c= —sind thf Tre (at thew i iL u-R Pp 1 ane ((z-R)_(-z-R) ~ ato |S yarpeemm| ee Fem FoR For z > R (outside the sphere), B; = 2-484 ‘According to Prob, 2.7, all shells interier to the point (ist. at smaller r) contribute as though their charge ‘were concentrated at the center, while all extertor shells contribute nothing. Therefore: where Qin: is the total charge interior to the point, Outside the sphere, all the charge is T B= ee Tnside the sphere, ony that fraction of the total which is interior ta the point counts: fer -ipe Provan 35 (1) 9 = co VE = codes (r2 -kr*) = coh et(b) By Gauss's laws: Cane = £0 $ E+ da = eg(k RON 4n By direct integrate jade = fo (Geoke®)(4er2dr) = 20mcok fr reek he, ‘Think of this cube as one of 8 surrounding the charge, Each of the 24 squares which make up the surfuee ‘of this larger cube gets the sume flux as every ather ane, sc: Gouseian surface: Fuside: EB -da = Bre") = 2Q.y = 0 > G) }—+ Gaussian surface: Outside: E(4xr?) = (As in Prob. 2.7) (ada?) Problem 2.12 {arp So Since Quor = fri%p, B= 7A, fhe (a0 in Prob. 2.8) Problem 213 Gaussian surface Co JE dus E-2r9.1= 1Qp¢= LM. So eee) Fj tense Be 2 i Problem 2.14 Gaussian surface § B-da = E- der? b Sods = 2 Ike\(F sin 8 ae dae) Aha (Cdr = Meh thes, T kre» ‘CHAPTER 2, ELECTROSTATICS Problem 215 () Que = 0, £0 [B= 0. (ii) § E+ de = E(anr*) J Ae? sin @ a ded phi é {E| Problem 2.16 0} (L__)— Ganesion surface f B= da = ee oy z tet fBidas B-2ee-l= LQue = kpna%l, ‘Gaussian surfuce (i) aes Ean (ity fEsda=E-2ns-t E=0. T EI a t ‘s Problem 217 On the x2 plane B= 0 by symmetry. Set up a Gaussian “pillbox” with one face in this plane and the other at 9 Gaussian pillbor — f B-da = E lac = Aye; (for [yl < d). Qa7 Qenc = Lede = Bm Pay (for y > a). Froblem 218 From Prob, 2.12, the field inside the positive sphere is E, = glory, where r. is the vector from the positive cealer ta the point in question. Likewise, the field of the negative sphere is — gr. So the tatal field is But (sce diagram) ry =r Problem 2.19 VxE Bee | dou Ii x (3) oe (since p depends oa e', not x) =0 tine Vx($) =0, tom rk 160, ‘Problem 220 ae 23°59 (QQ) YxE, = li A | =k - 2y) +900 - 32) + 8(0- 2)) #0, ty 2yz S22] 0; is an impossible electrostatic ficld. (2) VxE; = k(R(22 —22) + 0-0) + 2024 — 24) = 80 E; is a possible electrostatic field. Ley's go by the indicated path: E-dl = (yd + (2zy + 2*)dy + Qyede)ie 0; dy = de = 0, B-dl= ay? de = 0. he = oy Ode =de= 0. Be dl = k(Qey + ?)dy = Akzo dy Lig B dl = Bkxo vy Step HT: x = x9, y = yo, 220 29; de28 CHAPTER 2. ELECTROSTATICS Ee dl = Qhyzdz = Bhypz dz. Spay Boal = 2yok [22 2 de = byes. ‘ ssh — J E-dl = —k(zoud + vorg), or | Viz,y, 2) = —Alay? + we*). V (0,0, 20 Cheek: 9° V=t| ftw? sys?) 84 gh lzw?sys?) 9+ Bay 2492 DA] ky? ts (ayes?) 94 Frobiem 231 Outside the sphere (r > A): B= ae. V(r) = = JS Bedl Inside the aphore (¢ <8): B= glare Sofore> Re Vie) =— (age) a= weal) =|Zoh, When > R, OV = 72-2 (2) When r <.R, VV = och (3- me) t Problem 2.22 E = ;, 24 (Prob, 2.13), In this case we cannot set the reference point at oo, since the charge itself hea (-#6) t= ~ ah ati so B= WV = gari’ extends ta\o0, Let's set it at ¢ VO) = = (eB) a= (in this form it is clear why @ = co would be no good—likewise the other “natural” point, a = 0.) PY = — aah (ln (5 Problem Ba V0) = - [LBM =- fe =A (-t-m(t)-14 B= Problem 2.24 Using Eq. 2.22 and the fields from Prob, 2.16: V(t) —V (0) =—JPE-dl=—- ff E-d- (2 B-a= =~ (6) She mat =| -2 (12m (2v= fi Ae Inge + VERA se CV = shy [SARE = Agnew (VTE Tneach ease, by symmetry $i ails (EEE). WE= a0) Cpe te ey) mma (agrees with Prob me - 25 (ater vee - coe} = shy gates (AE a = ienerat (agrees with Ex, 21) (B= {hogkets—1}2= Zb-yeale (agroes with Prob. 26). the right-hand charge in {a) is ~g, then [=O], whieh, naively, suggests E = VV = 0, in contradiction with the answer to Prob. 2.2. ‘The point is that we only know V an the 2 aris, and from this we cannot bape to compute E, = =8£ or Ey = —9L. That was OK in part (a), because we knew from symmetry that E,= £, = 0. But now E points in the z direction, so knowing V on the z axis ia insufficient to determine E. Problem 20 os 1 ih (a @ar’ aro 1 oh aah (OF) 8 Rayan ae (whore r= af V3) Rera=y ae /, vo- 2 [™ (=) ds, wheres = yh at — Whe dro 1 care ar Vasa £_ | fieae a Vin+ Sintaynree vin +26 Vai] ve 0 vie ‘ h [a + Fyincans-avin— vin) — 0 ~ 5 ancan Vn) vo see lin ame Vn) ~ tah vis] 2heo -2n(E4)-2 = (2208 fo \2- 8) > ee 2|¥ ta) — V(b) = # [x tnd vai]30 CHAPTER 2. ELECTROSTATICS Problom 2.27 : Cut the eylinder into slabs, as shown in the Figure, and use result of Prob. 2.25c, with zz and o -» pdz: sa v= ele (VOTH 2) de 2b [eVIT ER ates VPA) — aL eee a afc +4) foe 4) VT oie LED nc} (Nate: — (2+ 4 + ee re a4 siete zo byes (s-4)% WC ACT») él fs (008) «fre (4) | Problem 2.28 ‘Orient axes so P is om = axis . Vee span. {He pi consave, r= anor, Le) caitie {ASSESS Yo = aha I SSRs | I" ao = 2, Se ereettierems £ (ve ea = Dra coed) f= 2 (Ve ea pare - Vea) dite bone Bee Hla Bute pS eee) ’ Prem 220 VV m gg U(S)dr = gh; Sole MVE) dr (since p is a function of r', not x) ag fale’ N48 — eer = — hole). Problem 2.30. (a) Bx, 24: Eynom = 36,8) Eneiow ~ 2688 (A always pointing up}; Exnove — Ebetow = ZA. Ex, 2.6 At cach surface, B= 0 one side and B= £ other side, so AE Prob. 2.11: Bau = SBF = £8; By, =0; 00 AE Outside: E+ da = E(ra} = LQene = Lari = E= £48 = £8 (at surface). Inside: Qane = 0,90 B= 0. AE = £8 ¥ (6) Vio = ASE = A (at surface); Vin = EE ; 50 Vout = Vine Be = - Ee Problem 2. (at surface); 20 =0 j 20 Sen — Oe a (Vag De = Wy =v =| Qo) =0, Wy =32 CHAPTER 2. ELECTROSTATICS Problem 2.92 (a) We =} feVdr. From Prob. 2.21 (or Prob. 2.28): V = gf fa fF — Bae Were, (mare one = PR a * 5e0 (b) W = $f B%dr. Outside (7 > A) B= gh; St faside (F<) B= gh ihre ar { [- saoraren [GY axran} Miva ME} ata (aa) - (c) W = G[ g,VE dat f, Bdr), where V is large enough to enclose all the charge, but otherwise arbitrary, Let's use a sphere of radius a> R. Here V wo (f(b) (ays) Pmeases ees [ aaa . 2 {ator a gant wear? (+) epL, t (lige Ai > ay tos comebnson fd ih ein (A) oe scene a Sh lal (cic (88 1) pik up the sak. Problem 2.38 aw = uv = a(;42) 3, (q= charge on sphere of radius r). fs Lafp= a (q= total charge on sphere). te eta pe fede oe, (4 dra thap= Sent = Se (yi ore) (9) = sheeie Ey Problem 2.34 )W=Gf ed Be ld (a), E: SH (r> bso Mim ais Wem wef: Bim aed par BBs = (bz) GF. (r > 0), and hence JE “Badr = = (qdg) oS" dbertdr = ah. a (; Ded hb) ¥(0) = — 0 B= db = — f(g Ede — JP (ddr — PGA Se - JplO)de = (6) [2,7] (the charge “drains off"); V(0) = — fS,(0)dr — J (adaz ds) dr — fy lO)ar Px) 1 d+ ao 8) | Bou = #, | where r= vector from center of large sphere, OlR= aH, Ey = Sh, | where: rq (rj) is the vector from center of cavity a (8) (a) [Zero. {6} oa changes (but not o4 or oy); Bywuiae changes (but not Ey ar Ey}; force on gy and ge still nero. Problem 2.37 Between the plates, E ; outside the plates £ = 2 fe = Qed So « a =F Page =F aa ~ [Zo Blan 758 Inside, B = 0; outside, E = gi, St; Tete Fy = [hada = fle) tah cond P snd dds = shady) "24 fe sn ooaeeae = 1-(8,)* (Pin? fg” = at (4)- CHAPTER 2, ELECTROSTATICS Problem 2.39 Say the eharge on the inner cylinder ia Q, for a longeh L. ‘The field in given by Gause's low: JE-da= B-2ns-L= 1 Que = LQ E = 7.2714. Potential difference between the cylinders is ; ae dane 1,--_9_ 2 As set up here, a is at the higher potential, so V = V(a) — V(b) = 5&7 In (2) C= § = BAF, wo capacitance per unit length Problem 2.49 {a) W = (force) x (distance) = (pressure) x (area)x (distance) = Pet Ae. (0) W = (cory per ant whume)(decret in volume) = (cf) (Ae). Same a (a), confirming thatthe energy lot eal 1 hn perk done Probiom 3.41 From Prob. 24, the field at height x above the center of a square loop (side a) is has Dacinaeidnay = Here + of (s0e figure), and we integrate over a from 0 to & 1 ada pa glen lanier ie oy ——— “as | RaaeRTD sete) a+ 0a (infinite plane): £ = 24 [ten~'{oo)= f] = 3E (f= §) = ob. 52> a (point charge): Let f(2)=tan~' VIF — 4, and expand as a Taylor cories: He) = 10) + 2f'0)+ 22°F") +Here f(0) = tan“"(1) — F = | Retheny hg 7 sates #0 00) = fu grt et 4 Oe Ths (ince 4h = 21), Be 28 (js) = eh =a Problem 2.42 rowvrnan (Si (8) -nbad (Ot)} snap 2° sna] = lA ~ Basing) Tas From Prob, 2.12 the field inside a uniformly charged sphere is: El = ghz rr. So the force per unit volume tat = p= (p95) (aeSpn)t = 3 (ais)"t, and the force in the = direction om dr is: 2 dF, = farm 5 (3) eos (r? sin@d dB dd). ‘The total force on the “northern” hemisphere is: [rsr=2(cSe)" [Sea f” cnssnses fay ~£ Ge) (4) (3 io lo ok rah [en meh da = Qn? sin 9, = RY + RY — 27? cost = 2R(1 — cose). tw ftson| _ Lefer) ft? _singd? ot aie nie Lo iaoed es =O, oR oR oR Fag 98 Fare Vita Vern =| SET 0 Problem 2.45 Ficst let's determine the electric field inside and outside the sphere, using Gauss’ law: ake! fr 2R), a fda = gin? B= Qear = [oar = Jone sind dB de = ant [Par . ( Sega36 CHAPTER 2, ELECTROSTATICS SoE= tre (r A). resfeveasaeSf Gl wee3 (3) ore $C) {fee seh (Fe EG) Method Ht: wet [ovdr a 248) Forr< A, vine- [eas [" (25)e- f (B)a--d {2 (- yes 3-5) =a5("-3) wef" te [z (m-Z)) are = BE (we-je)ar ef Re 1E) a ee (8 | ee Ko 4 aT J” 26 Tea Problem 246 wane aad (SE) a= na (ener aL Leora Beg WHE = cA (0-14 Ar) We (Se) eT (eC + e))}. But We (S) = 4x6 (r) (Eq. 1.90), and MEL + Ar}s#(r) = &(r) (Eq. 1.88). Meanwhile, (e+ An) SEE (EM —de AL + Ar) FEMA = a ¥ So f+ W (e- (1+ Ar)) = Be, and | p 4 fixate) —*. ‘| a= fede soa te [oeer—at [tet «ed (trate ("rome But [p° re-*dr = fy 90 Q= rea (1- § Probiem 2.47 (a) Potential of +. is Vj. = —;2-In (), where sy is distance from A,. (Prob. 2.22) Potential of -\ is V- = -+52~in (#2), where 9 is distance from A.+ Total Now 5). = yg a)Fra7, and ( near Vlas) = a2 In (VEEES = (b) Equipotentinis are given by (ESTES = elteo¥/4 a km constant, That is: Pt toy +a 42? = AG? — Day bat pti ta? — oy (yao)? +2? = RY, ory? +27 + (9 = a yf- R= = - a = 329 5 or, in terms of Vee Sag wee erred Re aWR1 Problem 2.48 Pride the oqupotensins are rcs, with w= (| a(t) ea ewmnncia oat aan = aR S ie VG +0! FH, 20 ee om Tre | 28) = yh — 1) + 2?(e — 1) 4 0? ( — 1) = Day (k + 1) = 0, oF 0. The equation for a circle, with center at (i, 0) and radims Ji, is FP) ~ ann = 0. RMA 4 omBreevo/2 Gaal — gael acorn (7 >) (a) VV = ~2 (Eq, 2.24), 50 (b) gl = frne? > (2) p= Apde ; $f = op ff = [Ape =? (constant). (Note: p, henoe also I, is negative.)38 CHAPTER 2. ELECTROSTATICS 4 =-y/li = pa V1) where 3 = — af i 115 negatives 3s postive peso {e) Multiply by V"= 4 ve gyn hg [vtev’ =p [vv ay+ By? = 200°" 4 san But (0) = V"(0) = 0 (cathode is at potential zero, and fleld at cathode is zero), so the constant 8 vero, and 4BVE ¢ = 2VBVE = vay = 2/8 de, w= [de> 374 = 26/8 x + constant. Iv But V(0) = 0, 60 this constant is also zero. ("era ("2 (BER) Innere of Yo insted of 2): | ¥(2) = Vo (5)°"] (oe gra Without space-charge, V would increase linearly: V(z) = Vo (3)- 1-20 _[__teal a =| eae (Ber =| rare (3)"*.) VO = EVBia, 20 Va) = ev a one = cba (00d) = Vo = (ga) at 3 v9 = Spear P= Beg, po Mwsytys — HV, where Problem 248 B= aCe] (b) [Wes] The field of a point charge:at the origin is radial and aymmetric, 36 XE =O, and. hence this is also true (by euperposition) for any collection of charges @ ve-faan-hof 5 (14m -anfs (+g)ere- 2 {f3 (a)39 a Now [reo dr = 22% - bf de — exactly right to kill the last term, Therefore 4 LAU alr R i (1 + 3) e = {-ea" (Qu ¢ tl ven8f( {e} Does the resule in (d) hold for a nonspherical surface? Suppose we amake 4 "dent" in the sphere—pushing a patch (aren J? sin @ aids) from radius # out to radius S (area S* sind? d# do). a fenin= gE {& (14 2) eomstanvanae- 2, (148) 7 anesran mae leose- (8m Win ( + 3) ae (+ err] anoanae So the change in fr [¥ dr exactly compensates for the change in {IE -ua, and we get 4 for the total using the dented sphere, just as we did with the perfect sphere. AAny closed surface ean be built up by successive Aistrtios ofthe sphere, so the result holds for all shapes. By superposition, if there are many charges inside, fe total is 2Qmc- Charges outside do not comtribute (in the argument above we found that G> for this vwiume fi2-da+ 2 [V dr = 0—and, again, the sum is not changed by distortions of the surfaee, as long. as q remains outside). So the new “Gauss's Law” olds for any charge configuration. {f) In diferential form, “Gauss law" reads: L L vey [pant or, putting it all In terms of B: See B= DV, diva ys *Pobsows equation”: —9°V + Lv =40 CHAPTER 2, ELECTROSTATICS ‘The same charge density would be compatible (a5 far as Causs's law is concerned) with E = ay9, for Instance, or E = ($)r, etc. ‘The paint is that Ganss’s law (and VXE = @) by themselves da not determine the field like any differential equations, they must be supplemented by appropriate boandary conditions. Ordinarily, these are so “obvious” that we impose them almost subconsciously ("E: must. go to zero. far from the source charges"|—or we appeal to symmetry to resolve the ambiguity ("the field must. be the same—in magnitude—on both sides of an infinite plane of surface charge"). But im this case there arc no natural boundary conditions, and no persuasive symmetry conditions, to fix the answer. The question “What is the electric field produced by a uniform charge density filling all of space?" is simply dl-posed: it does not give us sufficient information to devertnine tbe anawer. (Ineidentally, it wou't help to appeal to Coulomb's law (B= 74; Johar) —the integral is hopelessly indefinite, in this ease.) Problem 251 ‘Compare Newton's law of universal gravitation to Coulomb's law: mama Lae F. act) aeegirtdt Evidently ah + G and q-» m. The gravitational energy of a sphere (translating: Prob, 2.32) is therefore Now, @ = 6.67 x 10-8 N an?/kg?, and for the sun M = 1.99 x 10 kg, R = 6.96 x LO" m, oo the sun's gravitational energy is W = 2.38% 10" J. At the current rate, this energy would be dissipated in a time 7 49 = [187 10 yara] oH = RBZ IO" _ 5.90 ss = [Tar 1 armProblem 2.52 First eliminate 2, using the formula for the ellipsoid: ‘elesiimco u : ‘Tah Feat) + MHI) +1 — (etfs) — Gy) Now (for parts (4) and (b]) sot c+ 0, “squashing” the ellipsoid down to an ellipse in the xy plane: 8 1 (0) = Fab T= ala GIDE - (Imultipied by 2 to count both surfuces.) Rand let r= Ye F¥ lotr) {a} For the circular disk, set a {) For the ribbon, let Q/f teh Let . and then take the limit 6 + 00: = iF +2, making an ellipsoid of revolution: 1 en te 1 withe = Tod Vaan The charge on a ring of wide de is dy =o2er ds, where ds = Vda" +o = dai + (arjde eat Ee nod = Le SE ak Jafar + ATA. Thos Naw ne) = Mf =r @ s7ata| 2, (mater Sead PTT Vee = gL (Comsat so cl @Chapter 3 Special Techniques Problem 3.1 ‘The argument is exactly the same as in Sect. 3.1.4, except tha git BoERetR-R-a) BR, VF GR = (R- 2), If there is nore than one charge instead of (z — 2). Hence View = inside the sphere, the average potential due to interior charges is charges is Veenters 80 Vie = Veemer + Siig. Problem 3.2 ‘A stable equilibrium is a point of local minimum in the potential energy. Here the potential energy is gV’ Bat we know that Laplace's equation allows no local minima for V. What looks like a minimum, in the figure, must in fact be a saddle point, and the box “leaks” through the conter of euch face. Problem 33 Laplace's equation in spherical coordinates, for V dependent only on r, reads: and the average due to exterior ina FR py te fs) go ot oe ve ge ( $) =090 Fe =e loonstant) = Fo = St Esample: potential of a uniformly charged sphere. Tn eglindrical coordinaves: V2V = 14 cee = (Vecinesh Example: potential of a long wire. Problem 34 Same as proof of second uniqueness theorem, up to the equation f,VsEs-da = — f,(Es)*dr, But on cench surface, either Vy = 0 {if V is specified on the surface), or else Bj, = 0 (if $% = —E., is specified). So fylEa? =0, and hence Ey = qed Problem 3.5 Putting U = Va into Green's identity: [1eo Mee wr] d= f wed Boe ON Ly fs So [ Eldr -f ViEss-da, and the rest is the saune as before. ay, 9? 2 vy y=-2+ a She 42Problem 3.6 Place image charges +29 at 2 = —d and —g at z = —Sd, Total force on +9 is ie dh ahaa peed 57 36. VTE = Teco. Therefore =£ enw. ‘Therefore: vir, 1 fa.@\_ 1 a 1 ire (+5)- 2 (yas Fat — Braces games| ‘Clearly, when r = R, V + 0, (om —coR (Ea. 249). In this case, BL = SY at the point + = R. Therefore, a) = eo (&) {oJlet tat ara“ — ta con) ire eo avons) } ror = {+e ateemey eco) 4 40a) (2 scat) + 5 (RP + (ra/y ~ ara cost) A ( ae oe 7 [p—acue- = Lew +04 ~anaconay-*” [Re -acane— $ + acon] e =f at 2 302 pe teas =f oda = GSR? ~ ot) f(a? +a? — na con8y-*? re sino dds = drone | Larsen] + f¢- |e ee 2a Roos a eres But a> A (ele q would be inside), 10 VF pa? = Ta A tet — Re ee a R)-ta =4 = yt “lets (crease) Pest [a raat Se -Rad CHAPTER 3, SPECIAL TECHNIQUES (cl The foree on q, due to the sphere, is the same as the force of the image charge q/, to wit: a 1 tke ery ‘To bring q in from infinity to a, chen, we do- work fk ‘deg 2a? = R2) er [i “hoi ware Pa as Problem 8 Place a second image charge, q’, at the center of the sphere; thie wil not alter the Tact that the aphere is an ermiotenig lhut merely increase that potential from zeta ta Vp fg” = dveaVeh al center of ephore For a neutral sphere, q+ @" Life ae a(S ag ba) _ g(-Ry/a) Aen a7(a — 5) dre {@) Tmage problem: A above, ~A below, Potential was found in Prob. 2.47: = Vit) = GX tals fos) = GA tne a8) D A : pone lara "pte Gat OV see OY _ OV r hoc. Hoge OY = OY eralusted at 2= 0. a 1 1 ow) = -og, (peur +®- prac -Biat- ata} ele re Pee ‘Check: Total charge induced on a strip of width I parallel to the y axis oe = Ppa Bor IE, = “AL Therefore Ajyg = —A, as it should be."Problem 3.10 The image configuration is as shown a 1 1 aes) = #{ feast ese farartos ee 1 1 Veryse-ote fea tote te For this to work, [@ must be and integer divisor of 160°.] Thus 180°, 90°, 60°, 45°, ote., are OK, but 10 thers. It works for 45%, say, with the Charger af shown. (Note the strategy: to make the x axis an cquipotential (V = 0), sou place the image charge (1) in the sellction point, To raske the 45° line an equipotential, you place charge (2) at the image point. ‘Bur that screws up the 2 axis, 20 you must now insert image (3) to © Balance (2). Moreover, to make the 48* line V = 0 you also need (4), ‘a balance (1), But now, ta restore the 2 axis to V = 0 you need (3) to balance (4), and s0 01 sy wor for 8 “The reason this doesn't work for arbitrary angles isthat you are even 130" ln ae No wot ually forced to place an image charge within the original region of ron ‘nderest, andl that's not allowed—all images must go outside the re- 2 ‘Gin, oF you're no longer dealing with the same problems at all} soy ie denen’ Problem S11 2, (erate 2 = yy? = q ar |v = ey [SEED | enero o? = yn? - A? > [a = va From Prob, 2.47 (with po +d): tn | rege [tere a? = ae A> [a A 4s acoth(2neo¥o/A)= | ca coon (22506) [po ae {SRG Ta fata § = enn (2), o [a= Problem 3.12 2 [vata sinfwry/d ey (Ba. 3.84 V(ry) = 30 Cae" sin(nsp/a) (Eq. 3.30), where Cy = _ [Me for 0 D = 0, (ti}-> B= —A, (it) > ka ls an ineeger mubtiple of x: Vez.y) = Ac (ere — sin(umy/a) = (2AC) sinh (naa fa) sin(ney/a). But 24C) is a constant, and the most general linear combination of separable solutions consistent with (i), (i), (ays V(ea) = 5G, shina) sin ya). Mtremains to determine the coeficients C, s0 us to fit houndary condition (Iv): LCesinn(andfa) sin(ury/a) = Voy). Fourier’s trick + Cy slab (ind Ja) = : z Cn = STabaaE la} fi Vols) alatrory/a) dy. Vola) sin{aay ja) dy.48 CHAPTER 3. SPECIAL TECHNIQUES 2 _ a 0, if niseven, () Ca = [atenbfay ~ sana *{ B, itn is odd. } Problem, Same format as Ex. 3.5, only the boundary conditions are: @ V=0 when Gi) V=0 when z=a, (i) V=0 when (iv) V0 when () Vs when (vi) Ve% when ‘This time we want sinusoidal functions in z and y, exponential in =: X(2) = Asin(ke) + Bens(kz), ¥(y) = Csin{ly) + Deos(ly), 2(2) = BVT 4 Ge-vPFPs, Gt B= 0; (i> k= r/o; (i) D =O; (lv) l= me /a; (> B+G =0. Therefore 2 (2) = 2Esinh(ey/n? + mz fa). Putting this all together, and combining the constants, we have: Vée,n.2) = 3 35 Cum snare) sina) sinh (n YE ws/0)- Th remains to evaluate the constants Crm, by imposing boundary condition (vi): = TE [Cam stah(e VF Fase fe shay) According to ap. 8.50 and 8.5 Cnmann (VaR) = (2)'vs f famine) animate day ifn oF mis even, Fon Hf both are odd.Problem 3.16 Ale) = sao Soe ee Set? [et —y? +22 fe") 22] = 4 (2-1) fe -1 + a29)] = FE Met- 1 (oe 0) = jee (Ge -1) + (2-1) 105) = Fleet 24 50! ~ ae) = 3 (102? 62) =| fet Fe, We need to show that Fy(ens8) satisties sag (sro) = tee vr, wisn =s, where Pcond) = } cond (Seon? #— 8) =F [sino (6 cas? #8) + con 0(A00s6(—sine)] = find (Sean? 2 — 8 + 20078) = ~}sin0 (Seas? 1). a (me) = 3S [aint a(S cos?o ~1)] = ~$ [2sin Peost (5 cos?@ — 1) + sin* #(—10.cos0 sind] = —3sine coat [5 cos! ¢ — 1 — Saints] Beast [Scos? -1 - 6 (1 = eos"¢)] = -3.c088 (1000s* # - 6} = -84- fosd (Sees? 3) = HL DAL, ed 1 frcevreyas = fer} Ge 22) ao oF (ot 24, = Jot Froblem 3.17 = {e) Fnside: V(r. 8) = 37 Aur"P(con8) (Eq. 3.66) where ae Ga | vicenr(cor@) ano ao (Eq. 3.69). Tn tis ease ¥5(8) = Vo comes outside the integral, Aq Syn | ewmenew,50 CHAPTER 3. SPECIAL TECHNIQUES But P,(coad) = 1, 90 the integral can be written a(t ite }- V (p48) = Aar® Paco The potential is constant thrrughout the sphere. Outside Vir,8) = > Pip rcoss) (Eq. 372), whore fa J evcnenicoo sneer -{? i ‘Therefore Plugging this into the general form: a = SED gH francs anea (En, 373) 2 = B4+D puny | inode [ % EHO & Satan, | Rlonasinade = { Ye, mea ‘Therefore |V(rs8) = Vo | fue. equals Vo at r=, then falls off ike 2) (b) East (os), forr sR (Eq. 3.78) Yeas Sp ; Pi Mleost), torre R (Bq 279) where B= RA, (Bq. 3.81) and oy(8)Filcoat) sin 8d (Eq. 3:84) Tar 0, eee “Grat weaem [ Aomnsine a ~ Se te ‘Thereforet aL ‘Note: in terms of the total charge Q = 4xio0, V (re) = Tage: 2k Bie Vo(0) = boos(30) = k [4e0e" ¢ —Io06@) = k[aPs(cose) + JF; (cos 8). {Liinow that acy 3°¢ order palynomial can be expressed as a linear combination of the first four Legendre polyoomins; in this case, since the polynomial is add, T only need F, and Fy.) seas @—aean8 = a [} (Geaste -a0048)] +8600 = onto (0 ~ Jo) coos, steps date? Vite) = B er(coe) —P (cos. 5 EArt (con), forr R (Ea 37) A= GAY [roermcosersine as (Ea. 8.69) ; = ee {j[rccennen ears | mcee.nenn sata} 3 TAT 5 key f, 2 2 e1 = FEY fasta — tata) = Fp Bin Saul = {EE IIET ) to onternin V(r) Fe rteost) + SEetPtooss) =~ [6% rea -3(3) Aces] i § {8(f) $j [sense — aeons) - 3(5) cone} -+] (6) ~ £ Econo {4 (5) [senete - a} -32 CHAPTER 3. SPECIAL TECHNIQUES (Gor F< R). Meanwhile, B; = 4,8) (Eq. 3.81—this follows froen the continuity of V at £2). Therefore _ J SRRYS, T= ‘ m= {Shibls tat} Gombe) [s(2) Pyteoss) (2) avo] | (for r > R). Finally, using Eq. 3.83: o8) = ey S(at+ AeA Ai(cosé) = « [94iF + TAA) & = of (-)ae7( Se) we] =| orocee + sar oune) -# ~ cond + $ (sen @- acot)] 24 cond l-B + 28+ 5 cos? #— 28-3] ok = [th cove [140 xe #93). Problem S15 Use Eq. 383: o(8) = ca 3 “(21+1) Auk?! Fi (0058). But Eq. 3.09 anys: Ay = BE [ vitsrntcont)sin ace. Putting them together: (8) = $8, 5*(2+ 1)°C1 (coe), with Ch [voteuneoss) sino at. od ‘ Problem 3.20 Set V = 0 on tho equatorial plane, far from the sphere. Then the potential is the same as Ex. 2.8 plus the potential of a uniformly charged spherical shell33. Problem 3.21 (Vee) = Z)ere-] a oe Sa prTAi (e008) (r > R), 9 Vir,0) = & zaPd) = La 9 Since r > Rin this rogion, Yoo? = rT (RJR =+ pagan = Hari + }. 0 flor r >). (9 Vir) = Soar (cond) (¢ < 2). In the northern bemispere, O<8 < x/2 & Sher, 6,0) = 5 A! = Scr Rin in eg, VERE = RTE TTRR = w+ Sein ict] The & o dg? At Ler Zleeig-ige. Be “Ga Comparing tke powers: Ay = 3-R, Ai = ~ Z[R-rr toot) + gePatooes) +], (for r < R, northern hemisphore). SE nF) coras Ff) Cowes . Tn the southern hemisphere we'll have to go for @ = m, wsing Pe(—1) = (—1}', Vira) = (1a! = Z[varR--. =cy (E put an overbar on A; to distinguish it from the northern Aj) Ay = +(0/2¢0), Aa = An, Ay = Ag. Sor & [Perricone = Frteons) +.) [+ (Rewer F(Z) Gorey... CHAPTER 3, SPECIAL TECHNIQUES ‘The only difference is the sign of Ay (for r R). 1a evy aay ta ie) + oe for solutions of the form V(s,¢) = S(s)S(¢)}: lgd (as 1 oe led (188) + Ast on 5 ly by * and divide by V = 3@: 1hb PE (-E)+ rae ~° the first term involves # only, and the second ¢ only, each is a constant: 4/93 ee sa(@) = Oy, FEE Cy wth y= 0.6 CHAPTER &, SPECIAL TECHNIQUES Now G2 must be negative (else we Ket exponentials for &, which do not return to their original vatue—ss geometrically they must— when ¢ is increased by 2x). -e, men Sb e wom Acts Bats ‘Moreover, since (d+ 2x) = dh(g), k must be an integer: &=0,1,2.3,... (negative Invegers are just repeats, but k= 0 must be included, since & = A [a constant) is OK). 4 (EE) <2 can bended by 30% rad nh CG fd ernie sch ee ag, (net) = nae (07) a = PS n= ak, Bridenily the gencral solution is S(3) = Gt + Ds“, unless k = 0, in which case we have only ene solution toa second-anes equation—namely, S = constant. So we must treat k = 0 separately. One solution ronstant—but what's the other? Go back to the differential equation far $, and put in = (e a ( 8) as dsc ds az) 20s ot = constant = C+ F = eds CS 3S = Clns + D (another constant) So the second solution in this cnse is Ins. (How about ? That too reduces to.a single solution, # = A, in the Cave ho, What th end ston hee? Waly puting =O ue the aguan: &2 at 8 5 8s coma = B= 3 Bone e+ But a term of the form 59 ts unacceptable, since it docs mot return to its in by 2r.] Conclusion: The gesetal solution with cylindrical symmetry is al value when ¢ is augmented V(e,6) = 0p + byline + 5° [ot (ay cositg +b, sink) + 27* (ep eoniky + dy sin] mi Yes: the potential of a line charge goos like Ins, which is included. Problem 8.34 ching V = Oon the ys plane, with Eoin thew direction, wehave(Eq.3.74}: when s =, —Eys.c0sd, for 4 K. anid a4 = cy = 0 except for k Evidently dg = fy = by = de = Vie.8) = (ms +2) cone. (p01 = 2 In Eq. 3.95) the approximate potential is 1 ket Ve)= Foes | (Quadrupole) Problem 337 p= (Sqa ~ ga)#-+ (240 - 24(—a)) 9 = 29a, Therefore a Pe VS ire 2a F = Yacosd, so (Dipote.) Problem 3.28 (a) By symmetry, p is clearly in the x direction: p= pa; p= [pdr o> J zeda. = ol [eaoaoiwnni sneatas 20 | tence = ants (224) eR zi Perea —(-1]= (b) (Dipole)50 ‘This is also the exact potential. Conclusion: all multiple moments of this distribution (except the dipala) are exactly vero. vblen 8.80 Using Eq. 8.94 wit 1iis/ay" EFL (G) neo: for +, we let # + 180° + 8, a0 cos + — cos: E (gare Het (BY tesco race 2 (2) rte. a last while Penn) = eee 2a ‘ atl eostg- =| 1 View gets (gp) Polcose) = TE gag eas’ # ~ Seos0) =| Fae Se 00=Ea] Wp= [ean] ave (Seos" @ —3eos@) 0) =e] Gip=[oae) i) v=) oe cay (feo Eq. 1.64, 9-8 = sin B sind). (1@=[B) Ge) p ‘Frotiem S37 (a) This point is at r =a, @= 3, ¢= 0,80 B= mF FE. | F=qe= aegis Fae gee. Freee |b) Here r= 0, 6 = 0,90 B= Ps (2h * reat * (ol V = a[¥ (0.0.0) ~ V(o,0,0)] [osf0) — cos (5)] = =f, Feta! Problem 3.32 Q==9) £0 Venom = ead = _LMt0HH Therefore Teg PE oth 90 Vio = ESBS. Theta (2csat ined) | reas (24°34).60 CHAPTER 3. SPECIAL TECHNIQUES Problem 3.33 p= (pf)? +(p-6)8 = peasee 2pcas#® + psin®O. So Ba. 3.1 Problem 8.34 psind 6 (Fig. 3.96). So 3(p- 28 — Eq. 3.103. 7 ¢ " ar where A= eo ge Multiply by w= Sr: ‘This integral ean alsa be integrated directly. Let 2 = w?s.de = Dudu. [Bren f tren veri BM, ‘Therefore Ya |e apioen =| Problem 3.35 : 7 ‘The image configuration is shown in. the figure; the positive image change farces cancel in pairs, ‘The net force of the negative image charges ix: cry 1 1 F = Gat laghae meatca mac 1 1 L “lay fa+ap Gove } H 1 i wei (lacap terae tenaet|-[3 1 1 +37” Garey DN atog # (same as for only one plane— When a -+ co (ie. @ > =) only the Jy term survives: F = Eq. 312). When 2 = 0/2, -# {leapt meet eer] -|61 Problem 3.368 Following Prob. 2.47, we place image line charges ~A at y = b and +4 at y= —b (here y is the horizontal si, = vertical). Since the configuration is azimuthally symmetric, ¥(r,6) = 57> (ae! es *) Fi(cos 8). r>k Ay =O forall since V+ 0 at 0. Therefore V(r,6) = Jo Fe Fi(con8) exrcb Vins = ZC (Ce!+ Pk) meee). exes Vint) ate We need to determine By, C},Dy, and Vp. Te do this, invoke boundary conditlans as follow: (I) V is 1 at a, (i) V is continuous at b, (ii) A x 1 (a) at b SD prt) = (atte gy) Accom: gt = cal + pe [B= M+ Ba] OD Gal + Bi no, treo, | G4 = Ve, itt=o; {LP (2) into (1) gives Br = BIC, — aC, 160, By = bCy + aVo — aC. Therefore: Bea (PG, 140, | cy) By = (b~ a}Cy + aly ao, 120, V5 Sacks (2) AS 23 (at+ dis ) Pi{cosé) = Vo; 3 Dai-W+ yigehlese) - (cw +3, 5) Piloost) = Zn tooo, $0 dp, - (cw +=$22) =0, i121;e CHAPTER 3. SPECIAL TECHNIQUES 4 DR ICP + + D0; (1+ NB) — Dy) = - HC. mung + (6 Cr+ Z(B - Di) =k. Therefore Plug (2) and (1") into (3): Por 1 £0 orl: (yO) Geeta ru G =o, CIRC HG, =o, (241)6 <0 > 6 =0. ‘Therefore (1!) and (2) [Bi = Gi= Oy = Ofer > 1. Pelt Ge oP aC +e] = G+ 20 = & > [= HBei] Di = 0’ > D, 1/0; | Hy = (8 a) Cy | Bi = (8 — 0°) b/ Sto For [= 0: By—Dy = 0-9 Ly = Dy = (0=a)Cp +a¥e = aVy—aCe, 80 1Cy = 0 = [Cy = 0; Da = aly = Be. (F 2b [V(r 6) = Ey sedis a & Conctusion: [vino =, (b)ei(8) = ~e0 © 8 ag (oa fevda= Manat = Problem 3.38 ‘Use multipole expansion (Eq. 3.95): pdr + Adz = Jaspers v2 4\- Me wa f trem g as, ‘The integral is tant nel at @ Faas 2) 2 Prato f eras = Legos) Patcose) for n even, zero for n add. ‘Therefore Qi 1 ws vet © [AG eu). Problem 3.39 ‘Use separation of variables in cylindrical coordinates (Prob, 3.23): ¥ (0.8) = a + OsIns + 5° [etfax cos + be sini) +2*(cy cosh + de simi]. &63 SR: V(5.8) = EE, slay cosh + bysin ke) (Ins and s°* blow up at «= 0); > R: V(e6) = DE, eAlepoos kd + dy sin ks) (Ins and s* blow up as s+ 00). {Wo may as well pick constants so V + O as s + 00, and henes ag = 0.) Continuity at s = R => ER ay cos keh + by sinks) = SRM cy 005 bp + de sinks), 20 cy = Fay, de = Re. Eq. 2.96 says: $| ~ EY) = Le, Therefore ne 0 abr leveanhy + cso th ~ SO RRA cose + Oy sn) = oofey (xc p< Ir) ouria’s trick: multiply by (cos¢6) dé and integrate from 0 to-2n, using Later nis rtsiner= {2/4 ececn, } [ tenteotese= 0 few pconteds = { Oe at } he sin tp T hn = 2 [jonas fone] = 2 {se uliply by (sintd) dé and integra using ]'sin kd sin bp { eee } a oo | f. Te oof _eosis)™ | costé|**| _ a0 Una = 3 [fonrse— fa] ss {-34 +e} -ge - Deas tx) 0, ifliseven } pf 0, ifs even ; = (esi, iiseat }*8 | Soo/eaR, ittisead } of) panto oe wiom 340 1S Pylooad Ue Eq, 896 inthe form Ve) gt 5 FT: I “tytn a fen Se emt [2s (GI = 28 fn G) m2] 8, neo l= ; AN renee (Monopole)64 CHAPTER 3. SPECIAL TECHNIQUES + feameninaenn {(2)'a( k { (2) inte) = sint—2y] ~ © cost) = Sento} =e, aay = 7 ee Tt fron HE) Sone] ips) © eos hook je con (2) de =n { Bem ax (2)"facos(a) + acost—m)] Mz) = TA AT Ving) Problem 541 (Quadrupate.) (a) The average field due to a point charge q at r is 1 1 Eon = Tray | Ea whore E = 7 $4, 1 Boe = real) tee | PF (Here ¥ is the source point, dr ts the ld point, 20 gos trom rto dr.) The ld at due to nif chev the sre Bs =f dried he nce pi nd ah Bl i, 90.8 goes from dr to r, and hence carries the opposite sign. So with p = ~g/ ({w I), the two expressions agrec: Eye = Ey- (b) From Prob, 2.12: ioe iat? meal (c) If there are many charges inside the sphere, Big is the sum of the individual averages, and py is the sum. of the individual dipole moments. 80 Ewe = =7—Pos. qed (4) The same argument, arly with g placed at r outside the spore, gives Meet L LEERY) 5 (deta atv due to uniformly charged sphere) = —\_ =, Ew = tre neo65 But this is precisely the field produced by q (at x) at the center of the sphere. So the average field (aver tbe sphere) due to a point charge outnide the sphere is the same as the fleld that same charge produces at the center, And by superposition, this holds for any collection of exterior charges. Problem 3. fa) a 4ip Bay = Grepps (esos + sin 86) = 72 { [eosélsin 8 cos: ‘eos = gp Pecsepns cough + sin Bsn dy + cont + sin Aloo 8 cos 8 + coat in 9 — sina) = [stentenstesintatiny te a vi Egy dr =f cet (akg) [3 sneomo(cos + sings) + (on?e 1) 2] Pinder dd dp, ro 1 =R) ind dé = 0, so the & and F terms drop out, and [ di= 2x, 50 3 Baw = gauss (GE) = [te J trcato-)sinvao . Bridently [Eve =0)] which contradicts the result of Prob. 8.41. [Note, however, that the r integral, Wows up, since Inr > 99 a8 7 -+ 0. If, as suggested, we truncate the r integral at r = ¢, then itis fin the # integral gives Eve = 0.) (b) We want E within the esphere to be a delta function: E = A5*{r), with A selected so that the average ‘felis consistent with the general theorem in Prob, 3.41: dr, and A » Ba = Tp my y/o = Ge” Greg 7 A= yy ate hence Problem 3. @ “iv CV a)de. But V- (9M) = (FH) (V1) +H CF89), 90 ref ecivindr [vc = fiw) dae 2 f vinnde. the surface intogral is over a huge sphere “at infinity”, where V4 and Va -+ 0. SF = 2 | vipadr. By soe argument, with Land reer, 1= 2 [ vypdr. So f Vipnde = f Vier dr. ged «66 CHAPTER 3. SPECIAL TECHNIQUES uy { Bttninn Qa = farnde =O n= have = 0s Vn Te Situation (2): Qa = J, pdr =0; Qu = f,ordr = Q; Von & View os ia L,prde + Vas fyonde = Van } {Vapi dr = Via J, pi dr + Van J, pdr = Vag. (2} Situation (1): actual. Situation (2): right plate at Va, left plate at V =0, no charge at = v0 v0 sha J Yierde = VQ + Van + Vi Ore But Yi, sid Qu 9,00 fVipedr me [Var de = Vs Vines + nQne ¥ But i, =0Q,, fn = Vay Qe, = Qa, and Ve, = Volz/d). So 0 = Vo(r/dlq + VoQ2, and hence Situation (1: actual, Situation (8): left. plate at Vo, right plate at V = 0, no charge at 2. [Mirade = But Vag = Vo (1-5), 80 [Yams = Visi + Vanes + Vin = Vos + 0a, +0 Qi = ~alt - afd), (b} Situation (1): actual. Situation (2): inner sphere at Vp, outer sphere at zero, no charge at r. [ Yiente = VrQaa + ¥en + Va But Vi, = Vy =0, Gr = So JVimdr =0, [Verde = Vines + Var + BQhs Oat aten +0. But Vig bs the pote ad +B = ap, and V(@) = 0 > A+ BPS ~a¥a/(o— 0); B(2-}) =¥o = Bos! 3 B air in configuration 2: V(r] = A+ B/r, with V(a) = Vo = A+ Bja = Vos or ), or BA+ B = 0. Subtract: (b—a)A = —aly + A= Vol — a). So V(r) = ity (# - 1). Therefore aute-+ og (2-2)or Now let Situation (2) be: inner sphere at zero, outer at Ho, no charge at rs [Yimdrmom [Yamir= VizQay + VixQn, + Vine, = 0-4 9V5, + Q4%- ‘This time ieplaystyteV (r) = A Ms Win = Gites (1-8). Therre, gts (1-2) +Qr—0 farm -g% (1-2). Problem “se a 9 7 Miu = Sa But Yi =Per =r cose’ = with (a) =0 A+ Béa=0; V(t) =e + A+ B/b= Ve, 80 a Pa bE Bite par! i Tetiity = Dts = (? imareerct 7 Px(cos@)pdr’ (the m= 2 term in Eq, 3.95), a, tra = ee for all four charges, Qex [3(a/2)? ~(v2a/2)"] (q Recause s = 0 for all four charges, Qse = —(v'%a/2)*(q~q~q +g} =O and Qer = Qye This leaves only Quy = Qua = 3[($) (3) 0+ (3) (-$) + (-$) ($)-0 + 9) (-$) q = ea) ® By ‘Be 80 [bee — d)(rs —d;) — (f -€)%4y) adr (Ill drop the primes, for simplicity.) [ [pry - 0] nar 36 [ ryder — aay f rnar + 34a, f oar +24- f xpdrsy = by ose = Oyj ~ Bdapg + dypi) + BdidjQ + 28g p~ SQ. Soifp = and @=0 then Oy =@i;. ged (@) Ba, 3.95 with m= a: % ba = ge = fe }PA(cost"pdr!;Pi(cos8) = 3 (Seos* 8 — Seasd) Define the “octopole moment” as Qua = / (Sefer, — Pri + Fides + rhdy) ole ddrcy CHAPTER 3. SPECIAL TECHNIQUES 4 = Visa traced, 4 = Vesa +Bracose, 4 = Va sR Ibe, tq = WAT Frbeosd. ~ 7 sxpnting ain Bx 220 (2-2) a Boon oe wa a tot 6 tim, ( 2) Bost (here we want 6 € 1, because b= H/o, Bq, 316) aR = 2h oe. bag = Hy (64.18, vino Set Ey = -3 \iold in the vicinity of the sphere produced by +g): (agrees with Eq. 3.76), Problem ‘The boundary conditions are () V0 when y= (i) V= Ve when, (ii) ¥ =O when z= 8, (iv) Vs Owhen = —b 20 X(2) = Are B, ¥(y) = Cy D. solution is V(2,y) = Cy + D. Pick PX fda? = PY dy? Go back to Eq, 3.26 and examine the case k = 0, and hence the k But this configuration is symmetric in =, so D=0, C= Via, and subtract off this part: val +Pleab ‘The remainuter (V(2,3)) satisfies boundary conditions similar to Ex. 3.4: (@) P=0when y= 0, fi when y= a, —Va(u/a) when Va(u/a) when =‘(The point of peeling off Vi(y/a) was to recover (ti), on which the constraint k= nn/a depends.) ‘The solution (Following Bx, 3.4) is (en) = 5 Ga coshines/e)sinloory/o), = nt remains to ft condition (Ul): ¥(byu) = J Gp cosh nmb/a)sin(nry/a) = —Vo(u/a). Invoke Fourien’s trick: Ecocntinie f° sone steno = [ysis $Cxcosb(nxbfa) = -# if ” yoinfnnp/a) dy. oS RET [()*ssunmfa - (22) connnsi] Me (a Me)" = eosh(nnbfa) (5) one) = ne cosh ental V(x) ‘Problem 3.48 (a) Using Prob. 3.14b (with b =a): V(ey) $86 > sinhine/a sino /e) * 24, nesinbGne) e ay nm cosh{nasrja) sin(nxy/a) ea) = re ta) eek = tly seins) Se 2G inhi)” 4 [° ecnrdy = 82% 9 ay ff sintnnrin at But A -singniry/a) dy = Bove 1 aN tes =| ine © Ena = = pt conan) = [have not found a way to sum thés series analytically. Mathematics gives the numerical value 0.0866434, ‘whlch ageees precisely with In 2/8]0 CHAPTER 3. SPECIAL TECHNIQUES Using Prob. 9.47 (with 6 = o/2}: LN ed 2 cash (rine /a}sin(nay/a) Vea =v [Es By CUremleslabnenye) a |: 2 nar) (~1)" cosh(nxz/a) cosnmyfa) ote) = Stl = -oe[ 4 250 (32) Ciemeslabemtorte| wpb 25 gatas) th [say tela) cosh(nn 2) “2 “* a= [Poets te [omen] Bas [7 cocers late = shoes = 2 sinninn 2) nae zi aa [-- ety aera) ~ois fie ty Coren) ~al (Again, 1 have not found a way to sumn this series analytically, The numerical value is -0.612111, which agrees with the expected value (In2— #)/4] {b) From Prob. 3.23: V(s\0) 20+ bons + 5 (ne hx) feu cos( led) + ch sin(h)]. In the interior (3 < » tg and 6, nuit be zcro (Ins and 1/s blow up at the origin). Symmetry => dy = 0. So V(a,8) = ao + 3 aga costko). At the surface: V(R.A) = Tea con( ty) = Ve, if —afhcge a, 0, otherwise. Fourier's trick: multiply by cos(E'g) and integrate from —m to n: Vasin(ay/h'| = (Vo/Esin( be), if #0, oi4 coh) cost’) d= Vo f : cana =f oer . ~e or [2, [ 0, itkex cater ae ={ 3 ar, ifk=Bo 2a = ViR/2 = do = Va/4; Rank = (2Ko/K) sin(ke /4) = ay = (2Vo/ wk A) siatkx/4) (4 # 0}; hence vind) =m] E+? Using Eq. 2.49, and noting that in this ease = —ée 5 etd) = 45 eV SOL att conta] = 2S att conte) a & -2 oR We want the net (line) charge on the segment opposite to Vo (— < 6 < -Bx/4 and 3/4 <6 < x): = fot =2R [algae = LM F sin A= fotenas ref, toda = SA Sintra)” colt) do = dale F sincempay [2MAS)/ ] < _ Seale SS sinh /4) sin( Br /4) at stenro [SPT] --Se Ee =0. 1m ‘Quek! What went wrong? The problem is that the series S7(1/A) is divergent, so the “subtenction” oe — oo issuspect. One way to avoid this is to go bock to V(s,d), calculate co(@V/@s) at # yt, and save the limitn CHAPTER 3. SPECIAL TECHNIQUES 2+ R until the end ea ae i 2a Ca bas oath) 2a 3 at anes oi) (where 2 = aff 1 at the end). Ma} = olde) Radd = 22% 5° 1st ger /4) sinfhe/4) 13) =) Problem oe Feear (eos + sin #4). mg | Naw consider the pendulum: F = —mga~T#, where T — mgcos@ = mv#/I and (by conservation of energy) mgteos } = (1/2}mu® = v? = 2glcosd (assuming it started from rest at ¢ = 80°, as stipulated). But cos = ~ e088, s0 7 —-mp(~cas8) + (m/l)(—2gl coed) = ~3mg cos8, and hence F = —mg(cos® & — sin#6) + 3ing cos 8 # =1p(teusd # + sin 8B). ‘This total force is such ax to keep the pendulum om a circular are, and it is identical to the force on q in the field of a dipole, with mg 4 gp/-tteyl’. Evidently g also executes semicircular motion, as though it were on & tether of fixed length IChapter 4 Electrostatic Fields in Matter eT 00/10-2 = $x 10F, Table 4.1: a/Aeg = 0.66 x 10%, so. = 4 (4.85 x 10-199(0.66 10-8) = aE = ed > d= a8, ¥ 10H (5 26 108) /{1,6 % 10°) = 2.20. 107m, To ionize, say d= R. Then R=ak/e=aVfer + ¥ = Resta = (0.5 x 10"!8){1.6 x 10° )( 10-9) (7.34 x 10-4) [108 Ve mm 42 Fit find the fed, at radius r, using Gauss law: [sda = L Qene, ot = zHzrQene: Fe ey Psest) ]aaftcere (1425 +25)] [Bote Quae(r =) 00) = q.] So the field of the electron cloud is E. = gz [ -erie (1+25428)] ‘The will be shifted from r =0 to the point d where By = E (the external field) vara" (428 98)] fing in powers of (d/a): eet 1-(2)+ vena meme (i428 428) = ieee 8) ante oe Bm4 CHAPTER 4. ELECTROSTATIC FIBLDS IN MATTER Lg (ify 1 —; Sa aeh (3s) - aaa = goer (Cate) [Not so different from the uniform sphere model of Ex. 4.1 (sce Eq. 4.2). Note that this result. predicts Aca = fat = 9 (0-5 x 10-1)” = 0.09 x 10-8%m?, compared with an experimental value (Table 4.1) af 0.66 x 10-°°:m3. Ironically the “classical” formula (Eq. 4.2) is slightly closer to the empirical value } Problem 4.3 Ar, Blectete field (by Gauss's Law): f Eda = £ (Ar?) = 2 Qege = 4 ff AFAnP AF, or B= * ‘This “internal” field balances the external field E when nucleus is “off-center” an amount E_ = d= VteqB/A. So the induced dipole moment is p= ed = 2eyeqJAVE. Evidently [p is proportional to £1? For Eq, 1 to hol Ta the weak-field limit, B must he proportional to r, for small r, which means that p ‘must go-to a constant (not zero) at the origin: (nor infinite). Problem 14 AF Induced dipole moment of atom: p = aE = f ) the ig, (attractive). Problem © Fiald of py at po (# = #/2 in Eq. 3.103): Ex = 22 6 (points down). ‘Torque on pas Nz = pa * Bi = pa: sin 90° = pak = (points into the page). Field of ps at ps (= 7 in Eq, 3108): Ba = 2245 (28) (points to the right). Torque om pus Ni = Ba =| PEE (pots ino the page) Problem (a) Use image dipole as shown in Fig. (a). Rodraw, placing p; at the origin, Fig. (b). B= gairgp ond tsinbdl: p= pomde + psindd, —- ‘tren(az)® ¢ a iste [cossingd + 2in cost @)] Pisin @.cos 8 la “2 = Frataaye (8) Coat of the page) [reser e + sind} x (ease + sine6)] b)(out of the page). ‘But sin 8 cos @ = (1/2) sin28, #0 reo (0025) For 0 < @.< n/2, N tends to rotaia p counterclockwise: for 2/2 < 6-< x, N rotates p clockwise. Thus the able ofientation is perpendicular to the sarface—either tor b Problem 4.7 z Say the field ia uniform and points in the y dieeetion. First slide p in from infinity along the z axis—this takes tio work, since F is 1 dl. {2 (IF E is not uniform, slide p in along a trajectory 4 the field.) Naw i rotate (counterclockwise) into final position. The torque exerted by Eis N= pxE = pEsin6a. The torque we exert is N = pé'sin® clockwise, and d® is counterclockwise, so the net work done by ws is nepatice: E (—cost)|* , = —pEE (cost - cos §) = —pEcos# = —p-E. god 30 (p2-f)}. ged wg lPs Liag_g skt pF tk Treg? Greg Gey PE OC Reet ana (5 "by tds) Gea ae - eles rena) lteter Qe 3. 3r(p-r} ee ene | wt [ede + [p }= 5 [5- Feet my +r] = 2 [8 -*8 F La 16 a | OE = Gaps BP (P18) = gees BAD #98. (Thin from Eq, 3.104; tho minus sens are because x points toward p, in this problem.) | T ee Fedb=| 2 SB OF Pl as you would expect from Newton's third fb) Fore < R, B= gi pr (Prob. 2.12), s0 Forr > R, same as if all charge at conter; but Ques = (KIR)(4rR*) + (~3k) ($F) = 0, so.76 CHAPTER 4. ELECTROSTATIC FIELDS IN MATTER Problom 4.11 m= 0; op = Ps P points away from). =P (plus sign at one end—the one P points toward: rainus sign at the other—the one (i) L >a. Then the ends look like point charges, and the whole thing is like « physical dipole, af length 1 and charge Prat. See Fig. (a). (ii) L< a. Then it’s like acireular parallel plate capacitor. Field is nearly uniform inside; nonuniform field” at theedges. See Fig. (b). (Wi) La, See Fig. (e), (a) Like a dipole () Liko a pafallel plate capacitor o Problem 4.12 v= gh / Star =P. (5, fAar}. Bur the verm in curly brackets is precisely the field of a uniformly charged sphere, divided by p. ‘The integral was done explicitly in Prob. 2.7 and 2.8: = TEP cosd etn oom, Tor] © R $0 V(r8) = 1 (4/3)°Rp he a. Problem 4.14 Total charge on the dielectric 4 Qua = foada + f,,pydr = theocem says P -da =f, V-P dr, 90 Qege = 0. aed Problem 4.15 waa-ve--22 (at) --$, gapan{tEtrMh terri f,P da ~ f,.0-Pdr. But the divergence Far -P-fm-k/a (ser ma), Ont Barca Gea, Fort > 4, Qexe = 6 (Prob. 4.14), so [E=O. ) (4a?) +f (GB) dnt Pdr = Aka — dxk{r — a) = dr; 90 [E= —(R cor (b) f Deda =Q;,..=0>D everywhere. D = toE + P = 0 = Em (—1fe0)P, 80 B= 0 (for 0);| [B= -(E/ear)® (fora EB Fra cr [D = ¢.] (Note: D = 0 inside the metal plate.) (This i true in both slabs; D poiats down. =e => E=a/ey in slab 1, B= o/ey in slab 2. But ¢ = et, 50.6; = 2a; €2 = $e. [Et = o/2e0)] (yD Be B (6) P= axeB, 90 P = caxed (cate) = (ete) 05 Xe ee 19 P= (I= ee (i) V = Bye + Bye = (00 /60q)(3 +4) = [Toalbea. a p,| or = + at bottom of lab () =a), |{ oy = + Ph at bottom of lab @) = 0/8, (©) m= 05) Oy) =P, at top of slab (1) =—o/2; | || 0) = —Py at top of slab (2) = —o//. total surface Charge above: o — (6/2) = e/2, (0 Instat { (at duran ehge Bow: 0/05 78) (o/3) —2 = ~e/2, | PE = aay sl arcane iw oe) Ct) CO. = MPV 3g total surface charge teow: (0/3) ~o = ~20/3. d re tn tab: { Problem 410 ‘With no dielectric, Co = Ata/d (Bq, 2.54), In configuration (a). with +o an upper plate, —@ on lower, D = g between the plates. B= fea (in air) and = ae (in dielectric). 80 V = £4 + G. _% 9 aa (2) See 68-44 (sie) [=e 1s configuration (b), with potential difference V: E = V/d, so a = col = coV (in alt). iP= eyye8 = eox,V fd (in dielectric), 20 op = —e5xeVid (at top surface of dielectric). hae = FGV Jd = 0 +05 = 97 = CGX.V fel, 90-7 = EGY (1+ Xe)/d = eae /d (on top plate above dielectric). Qi 1a ama Vey Leer) [Op Pap ledterd) 0 $00, > Ca] the « axis points down: i 0) = E D m @ (top surface) J oy (tap plate) @ar want wane (a) dielectric || yy ® a (fb) air x ‘F (ieft) To) dielectric eae Te aE oe SE rahe) Problem 420 [Deda = Qj... + Barr? = phar? + D = lor = EB = (pr/Be)f, for r < R; Dane? = pink? = D = (pi? Sr? => B= (pi /Sear?) F, for r > R. = pie pe ven fran 2 finn Ss 22 Problem 4.21 Let @ be the charge on a length é of the inner conductor. a ster Poet a) _@ fd-d = Dint-gs0= 2, o= pe wescn, B= pay bared [es £ (ee) #+f 68)*-s8a oC) 2G): v a £ * ve" inte7al + (fe pine) Problem 4.22 Same method as Ex, 4.7: solve Laplace's equation for Via(s, 9) (# a), subject to the boundary conditions O We = Mp tere, é (a) eh = co ate=a, (ii) Vout 4 En en foe #3 a. Trum Prob, 3:28 (invoking boundary condition (ii) i. Valsso) = So atlay con hb + bys kd), ‘Vauels, 6) = —Bos cond +S" s™*(ce cosikd + de sin kd). Fa r=80 CHAPTER 4. ELECTROSTATIC FIELDS IN MATTER (Celiminated the constant terms by setting V = 0.on the yz plane} Condition (f) says Vat ag cos kp + by sinks) = —Eyscosg + Ya“ "ey cosks + dj sin kg), while (1) says er J kat “* (ay cosk + be sinks) = —Eo cosd— J ha™*""(cy coské + de sim ep). Evidently by = dy = 0 for all A, ay O unless & = 1, whereas for k= 1, an) = ~Eyat ante, era, = —Fo— a Fey. Solving for a1, Bs Beep = Oey Mall Tay yt Ta BVin and hence Eia(s, St ‘As in the spherical case (Ex. 4.7), the field inside is uniform. + xe/2h Problem 4.23 a es - = 2% Po = eoxeEa) BE, = Fer? e yee Pi = coxeEr 3 Yam Bam +B +E + [ ite ole 7 ‘The geometric serles ean be summed explicitly: which agrees with Bq. 4.49. (Curiously, this method formally requires that xe < 3 (else the infinite series diverges), yet the result is subject to no such restriction, since we can also get it by the method of Ex. 4.7,] Problem 4.24 r == Eo,| Potentials: Vou(r.@) = —Kor cost + 3: Pr A (cos @), (r> bh {cn = L(aet + Fir) Ptcose), (aera Vater) = 0, ( ~Eabeosd + SF Alco) = F(a + Pi) rca w@ = 6D [as 1p] Blcose = coud ~ S7+ gr Palose): ti) = Aw F Port #1 =0 > B= aA, isi o Se eg onrnre nia _— [raw eo tene 2A a af = m= meet (phy) ome ate aH 2 AaB a0. Fert: @ nh B te Ab SE By - Eqh? = A,2 (8 -a°) ; w stub Ma) nal = ~2B) ~ Bal? = ees (08 +203) So -3E§" = A, [2(8 — 0") +e, (8 +204)]; Ar wae ~aE 2 Ye.) = a —eppieette tam ("~) & 3B a Bie) = ~Wa =e ea {+ er) sae ( Problem 4.25 ‘There are four charges involved: (3) q, (i) polarization charge surrounding g, (ii) surface charge (a) on ‘the top surface of the lower dielectric, (iv) surface charge (o;) om the lower surface of the upper dielectric. ‘In view of Eq. 4.99, the bound dp = OC. /(1+ x2), 80 the total (point) charge at (0, 0,4) is uaat op = afl + XL) = aft. As in Bx. 4.8, e oh Go = ox la a a Fe #4) (here oy = P-l = +P, = coxeEs): - es ee Oa = [es Xe # (here oy = ~P, = ~cax’Bs)- Solve for ay, 04: first divide by xe and x, (respectively) and subtract: Lt os ga [%+ 2 ey Ireteant 7 SOM ae ala CHAPTER 4. ELECTROSTATIC FIELDS IN MATTER Plug this into (a) and solve for op, using ¢. = 1+ xi: x1 adje. * ieee pay Kell +X) Pte + xi), so] = = ad Xe i feral ito sera AA a ade ca a actly BA a ae eee SS MY ae ey eS Oe FA) Gy ef | aay a Fe + IT ‘The total baund surface charge is 9; = 4 +04 = battpanttctcon (which vanishes, as it should, when x, = xe). ‘The total bound charge is (compare Eq. 4.51): eceak ale, % s ver= gf eee ‘gegeval ess 28) a 4 Meanwhile, since: = +a ! Fr for = <0). Problem 4.28 From Ex. 455 0, (rb) w= fanaa i Pon if ahead (hah 2 {4(2) - Etrin@-i)-4Problem 4.27 Using Bg. 4.55: W = f E*dr, From Ex. 4:2 and Eq, 3.108, ars, ( R) ie pya 2r P*R -e- Bg) PR Be waa”= 3() [lhe + sia 6) vingaraods = HEEL [assent naaoae far = PE (cues (3) MRP! (4) _ dent = NS Ge)- “ae — Bee This is the correct electrostatic energy of the configuration, but it is not the “total work necessary Lo asseruble the system," because it leaves out the snechanical energy involved in polarizing the molecules. Using Eq, 458: Wo= 3 SD-Edr For < RD = eoB, x0 this contribution is the same as before fer V = PA In(bja), Of port: D= BL > B= BV Q= ht MEA) = eeAh — A+ AE = Aer — 1)h4 8) = Alyeh +0), whore £36 cho total height. Gn Fa Much + 9 v= 2xinfefay = VEG = pv tie } ne Kv? ax(i? ~ a?) gh. PAE — a )g inte) eo = 2xto The net upward force is given by Eq, 4.64: The gravitational force dawn is F = mg“4 CHAPTER 4. ELECTROSTATIC FIELDS IN MATTER Problem 4.29 (@) Eq. 4.5 + F: = (pa VIEL Eq. 3.103 > E, = ro] - #. Therefore v e mer’ troy 4 Ey afi & . ron BRS (3) aR olf Baa me ‘To caleulate Fy, put py at the origin, pointing im the r direction then pr 6 at -r8, and it points in the -9 direction. So FL = (m-'V)E2 = ‘we need By as a function of z, y, and 2, ed [Miata Sein sa oh een, From Eq. 3.104 Ey = n= 2 [tebe srreee eee 2 [psa gt ae pan izes Gaye aye ing Geer ey a ay? +8) F— aye (-are—wy9—a:0)} oy - OE = = pa oe ) — Spry BY lao Area ‘tear ‘These results are consistent with Newion’s third law: F, = —Py (b) From page 165, Nz = (pz x Bx) + (rx Fz). The first term was calculated in Prob. 4.5; the second we get from fa), using ® = rf = BP uF = iro) x (2274) = 2HP Bis Pe By = P(A), nc By = Org) x (ZAP a) = BE, oN = ZR a, “This is equal and oppasite to the torque on pi due to pa, with respect to the oenter af pa (see Prob. 4.5) Problem 4.30 Net force is [to the right | (sce diagram). Note that the field lines must bulge to the right, as shown, because Bis perpendicular t the surface af eaeh conductor. fF :85. Problem 4.31 Pa br= kek + y 9 +28) = py = -0-P ‘Total volume bound charge: [Qu = —3ka?. 9, = Pe. At top surface, ft 4/2; 50 05 = ka/2. Clearly, [ap = ka/2]on all six surfaces, ‘Total surface bound charge: [Qaur = 6(ka/2)@" = Ska, | Total bound charge is vero. Ri+1+1) Pete ess ee a Nelo a fPeta~ Cig 2D = oS E watreas|P sank = WFP a oe (gt meow = PG (8) “(iy i= Pel ae eR X Gurr = os(tnR2 ‘The compensating negative charge is atthe center: yom [rien BE fener =a, a Problem 4.33 EF is continuous (Eq, 4.29); D, is continuous (Eq. 4.26, with ay = 0). So Ey Ey By,» and hence Ea, Dy, = Dyy > tis nic and 2 is dicloetric, tands,/ tan#, = €3/eo > 1 and the field lines bend owoyfrom the normal. This is the opposite of light rays, so a convex “ons* would defeews the field lines. Problem 4.34 Ta view of Eq, 4.99, the net dipole moment at the center is p= p— pH-p = yh Potential produced by p! (at the center) and oy (at M2). Use separation of variables: We want tke Outside: Vie,8) = 35 FE Aicors) (Bq. 3:72) is Faside: V(r.) = aoe + So Air!Ai(cosé) (Eqs. 3.66,3.102) jon Ake, or By= RHA, (21) WV oomiruous at => eae FO Rag th, ob Bim alg tA Dit + np ilone) + eae Disk A fooet) = - Lay wae {ge BR + DAR Hew} 1 i = -bp es) toxB#) = x zloxE#)86. CHAPTER 4. ELECTROSTATIC FIELDS IN MATTER AUER Ua 2 ola! 8 Uh of — (214 AIRY = tA! = Ay = 0 #1) eae = 1 2p mau Ax (“agate th) Bg 2 ARO wFran 4+ ee ‘efoage "al 2A tinge Anale =the B= oe [iy eo ee = Greg BBe,(S+ xe) Greg hey(e, +2) = rege, |) * Te #2) | deeper 2 ving) = (22) (35) (2m). Meanwhile for r < R, V(r,0) = me = magus 4 Boone el) | elo dal Problem 4.35 «E)) and Vy (Ey = ~'0V4, Dy = cB), define Vy m 1-4 ven two solutions, Vi (and Ex = ~'VVi, Di (Bs = B:—E;, Dy =D; — Dy). Sy ¥-(VaDa) dr = f-VaD3 -da = 0, (Ys =0 on 5), 0 f(V¥s)-Dadr + [ ¥s(V-Ds) dr =0, But VD; = V-D2 — VD: = py ~ ay = 0, and VW = V¥i ~ V¥i = -Ea +B; = ~Ey, 0 J Ey-Dadr =0, But De = Dy = Dy = cBa ~ cB, = Bs, 40 fie Ba)*dr = 0. But ¢ > 0, 96 Es =O, 30 Vy — Vi = constant. But | at surface, Vy = Vi, a0 Vy = Vj everywhere. ged ‘Prubleav4805 Gavia DO! See SOP “aah somes e ce aut shi ss {s) Proposed potential: |¥(+) = Va. [21 so, then in which cane B = cone in the rion # <0. (P = Ofors 0, ofcourse.) Then oy = coxe¥oe te) =|— EY | ote: & points on of dielectric =» fi = ~#) This oy is on the surface at r = R The flat surface 7 = carvies no bound charge, since fi = #4 #. Nor is there any volume bound charge (Eq. 4.39). If V is to have the required spherical symmetry, the net charge must be uniform: Oro R? = Qror = AneoRVs (since Vo = Qrar/4meo!), 20 au = coVo/ R. Therefore ~ | Gaal R), on northern hemisphere °F * | feoVa/R)(1 + xe), an southern hemisphere {(b) By construction, oe tao] Reis uniform (on the northern hemisphere oy = 0, a7 = ea¥o/R; on the southern hemisphere 2 = —cax.Vo/H, 90 07 = e¥o/R). The potential of a uniformly charged sphere is fp at r= R, V +0 at oo} are:met, (6) Since everything is consistent, and the bowndary conditions (V Prob. 4.35 guarantees that this is the solution.a (a) Figure (b) works the same way, but Fig. (a) does not: an the flat surface, P is net perpendicular to Ay, 40 we'd get bound charge on this surface, spoiling the symmetry. Problem 4.37 2 7 x Eq © == &, Since the sphore is tiny, this is essentially constant, and hence P= ae (EX 47, = a iy ig Ben (E817) v= f(r) (st) $a) r= (eta) GY OB) of ren (ic) se GREE] Problem 1.38 ‘The density of atoms is N= prategr. The macroscopic field Eis Eyep + Exige, where Rais is the average fied over the sphere due to the atom itself. PHoEue > P= NaBwe fAccually, it is the fleld at the center, not the average over the sphere, that belongs here, but the twa are in fact equal, as we found in Prob, 341d.) Now (lq. 3.105), 80 Se and hence Foran ideal gas, N = Avagadro’s number/22.4 liters = (6.02 * 10*#)/(22.4 x 10~*) (27 x 10 )(4xe0 x 10-"°) Beg = 3.4 x 10%, where i is the mumber listed in Table 4.1 H 9 = 0.67, 2.7 «10, Najeo = agreement is quite good. Ar B= 164,83 CHAPTER 4. ELECTROSTATIC FIELDS IN MATTER Problem (a) [eke WT ae (EYRE MT (uf) — UPS =) ar 5 To = He du kTe—¥/ Z of feneBIAT gS BINT] 4 [peer yen PI + (ERT )ePSMT) é SE Ee =PBiNT — gpBTEF RIT 4 gv Mt ‘ AD —pE ee = ~ pb otk (2). ' P= Nip}; p= (peos8)B = (P -E\ B/E) = —(u) (BYE); P= = PN, 2 = pEfAT. Thon y = cothz—1/x. Ass +O. 0, a0 the graph starts at the origin, with an intial slope of 1/8. As x'—> co, 9 -¥ coth(oc) = 1 so the graph oes asymptotically to y = 1 (se0 Figure) 1 eek P ix proportional ta F, and | xe 1x 10" Cm; WV a males = For water at 20° = 299K, p = alae earn * colar N= (6.0 x 10) x (g) » (10") = 0.33 2 10%; xe = gre SHE trey = [12] Table 4.2 gives an ‘experimental value of 79, so it's pretty fur off. For water vapor at 100" = 373K, treated ax an ideal gas, “SUm* = (22.4 x 10-*) x (38 } = 2.85 x 107% mn? MF (b) Forsmall 2, y 42,90 f= £5 or Ps BPE = eax, 60% 10 wy Cad xc Y(O.1 10-2) - Nm Sep rpre = a1 Xe= Wee See aT “ETI “Table 4.2 gives 5:9 x 10-2, so thie time the agroement ix quite good.