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BasicElements PDF
BasicElements PDF
Programming
Basic Programming Elements
Tiberiu Leia: Software Engineering Java Programming Language Programming Basic Elements
Content
1. Stand alone applications and mini-applications
2. Name and identifiers
3. Java program structure
4. Data types
5. Operators
6. Flow execution control
Tiberiu Leia: Software Engineering Java Programming Language Programming Basic Elements
Tiberiu Leia: Software Engineering Java Programming Language Programming Basic Elements
Applet
A Java program that extends Applet class.
This class doesnt contain main method the program cannot be
launched using Java interpreter.
They are used in Web pages (via HTML file).
Web server
browser (ex. Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox).
Tiberiu Leia: Software Engineering Java Programming Language Programming Basic Elements
abstract do
import
public
try
boolean double
instanceof return
void
break
else
int
short
volatile
byte
extends
interface static
while
case
final
long
super
catch
finally
native
switch
char
float
new
synchronized
class
for
null
this
const
goto
package
throw
continue if
private
throws
default implements protected transient
Keywords
Tiberiu Leia: Software Engineering Java Programming Language Programming Basic Elements
Ex.:
java.awt.BorderLayout
java.lang.System.out.println()
Tiberiu Leia: Software Engineering Java Programming Language Programming Basic Elements
Tiberiu Leia: Software Engineering Java Programming Language Programming Basic Elements
Source files
Code source filename.java
Compiler javac filename.class
Package declaration:
package NumePachet;
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Program example:
/** Program name
* Comments
*/
public class NumeClasaPrincipala
{
/**
* Metoda principala a aplicatiei *
* Se pot transmite parametrii prin tabelul
argumente */
public static void main (String[] args)
{
// Aici se adauga codul programului
System.out.println("Salut! Merge programul!");
}//terminare metoda main
}
Tiberiu Leia: Software Engineering Java Programming Language Programming Basic Elements
de
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Compilation javac
Running
java NumeClasaprincipala
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4. Data Types
Type variabileName;
Variable types in Java:
reference - classes, interfaces, arrays (or null) and
primitive data.
Where are they used?
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Dimension
Minim
8 bii
-128
16 bii
-32768
Integer cu semn
32 bii
Integer cu semn 64 bii
Integer fr semn 16 bii
Float point
32 bii
float
Virgul mobil n
simpl precizie
double Virgul mobil n 64 bii
dubl precizie
int
long
char
32 bii
-2147483648
63
-2
Characters
38
-3.40282347*10
Maxim
+127
32767
2147483648
63
2 -1
Characters
38
3.40282347*10
1.79769313486231
308
1.7976931348623157 570*10
0*10308
false
true
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String data1;
String data2=sir de caractere;
String data3=new String("alt sir");
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Arrays:
int Matrice1[]; //
float Matrice2[][]; //
Matrice2 mat=new float[3][4];
int[] matrice3=new int[5];
mat i matrice3 sunt date de tip referin (reference type).
String[] str= {"unu", "doi", "trei"};
int[] tab= {1, 3, 5, 2, 34};
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5. Operators
1. Assign operator - "=".
add (+=)
subtract (-=)
multiplication (*=)
divide (/=)
modulo (%=)
AND (&=)
OR (|=)
EXCLUSIVE OR (^=)
int x=y=z=25;
a = 3; // atribuie variabilei a valoarea 3
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20
21
Order:
int < long < float < double
4. Relational operators:
equal (==)
different (!=)
greater (>)
smaller (<)
greater or equal (>=)
smaller or equal (<=)
type boolean (true or false).
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5. Logical operators:
- conditional
- boolean -
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6. Bit operators
Operator
=
>
<
<=
>=
==
!=
!
~
?:
&&
||
Operation
Atribuire
Mai mare dect
Mai mic dect
Mai mic sau egal cu
Mai mare sau egal cu
Egal cu
Nu este egal cu
Negaie logic
Negaie logic pe bii
Operatori condiional
I (conditional AND)
SAU (conditional OR)
Tiberiu Leia: Software Engineering Java Programming Language Programming Basic Elements
Example
a=b
a>b
a<b
a <= b
a >= b
a == b
a != b
!a
~a
a ? expr1 : expr2
a && b
a || b
24
++
-+
*
/
%
&
|
^
<<
>>
>>>
+=
Incrementare
Decrementare
Adunare
Scdere
Multiplicare
mprire
Modulo
I pe bii (bitwise AND)
SAU pe bii (bitwise OR)
SAU EXCLUSIV pe bii (XOR)
Deplasare stnga
Deplasare dreapta
Deplasare dreapta cu umplere cu
zero
Atribuie rezultatul adunrii
Tiberiu Leia: Software Engineering Java Programming Language Programming Basic Elements
a++ or ++a
a-- or --a
a+b
a - b or -b
a*b
a/b
a%b
a&b
a|b
a^b
a << b
a >> b
a >>> b
a += b
25
-=
*=
/=
&=
|=
^=
%=
<<=
>>=
>>>=
Tiberiu Leia: Software Engineering Java Programming Language Programming Basic Elements
a -= b
a *= b
a /= b
a &= b
a |= b
a ^= b
a %= b
a <<= b
a >>= b
a >>>= b
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if instructions
1) if (expresie_conditie) instructiune;
2) if (expresie)
{
instructiuni;
}
3) if (expresie) instructiune
else instructiune;
4) if (expresie)
{
instructiuni;
}
else
{
instructiuni;
}
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z = (x < y) ? x : y;
if ((a==true) || (b==false)) { ....}
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switch
switch (test) {
case valoareUnu : rezultatUnu;
break:
case valoareDoi : rezultatDoi;
break;
case valoareTrei : rezultatTrei;
break;
..
default :
rezultatImplicit;
}
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for loop
for (initialization; test; increment) instruction;
or
for (initialization; test; increment) {
instructions;
}
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Example:
int contor=0;
while (contor < 10)
{
System.out.println(In bucla: contor= + contor);
contor++;
}
int i=1;
do {
System.out.println(In bucla: i= + i);
i++;
} while (i<=10);
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if () break label_1;
continue;
.
}//end while
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*
****
***END***
****
*
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