Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources

Goldberg, Vicki. The Power of Photography | Cover Image. The Power of Photography,
Abbeville Press,

This image shows the effect photography and how it has the power to change lives. It will be used
in our project to represent the effect that Lewis Hine had on thousands of children's lives.

The History Place - Child Labor in America: Investigative Photos of Lewis Hine. The
History Place - Child Labor in America: Investigative Photos of Lewis Hine.

This primary source is a series of pictures taken by Lewis Hine. They were once used to
help social reform by displaying the awful conditions in the factories and are still used for
that reason today. This source will be used in our research paper and documentary to explain
who Lewis Hine was and how he helped the child laborers.

Lewis Hine (1864-1940). Child in Carolina Cotton Mill, 1908. Print made by Hine
Foundation of The Photo League. Gelatin silver print on Masonite, 10-1/2 x 13-1/2 in.
Collection, The Museum of Modern Art, New York; Purchase.

This image shows a girl standing alone in a factory between rows of machines. This image will be
used in our research paper and documentary to show the tight spaces that children were
forced to work in.

Lewis Hine: The Littlest Laborers. The Reel Foto:

This article contains many pictures that are of child laborers. It is a primary source that shows the
awful conditions that they were put through just to help their families when they were poor.
In the pictures, the children are barefoot, dirty, and they look very unhappy. This source will
be used in our documentary to show how badly children were treated.

Lewis W. Hine. Lewis Hine / Biography &Amp; Images - Atget Photography.com / Videos
Books &Amp; Quotes, www.atgetphotography.com/The-Photographers/Lewis-Hine.html.

This is a series of photos of child laborers. It is a primary source that is used in our project
to show the conditions of the factories, how unkempt the children were, and how Lewis
Hine used his powerful photographs to change history.

Manuel, the Young Shrimp-Picker, Five Years Old, and a Mountain of Child-Labor Oyster
Shells behind Him. He Worked Last Year. Understands Not a Word of English. Dunbar,

Lopez, Dukate Company. Location: Biloxi, Mississippi. The Library of Congress,

www.loc.gov/item/ncl2004002656/pp/.

This picture is a primary source that shows a five year old boy that does not speak any English
standing on top of a mountain of oyster shells. This source will be used in our project to
explain how badly the innocent children were treated and how the effects of Lewis Hines
pictures helped social reform.

Shorpy.com. Shorpy.com, www.shorpy.com/lewis-hine-photos.

This is a primary source and it is a collection of photos taken by Lewis Hine. It shows the
facilities and conditions of the places that the children were forced to work in. It will be
used in our project to help give an idea of the conditions for the children.

"Smithsonian Source." Smithsonian Source. Smithsonian Institution, 2007.

This quote is a primary source and is from a business owner who believes that he should and does
treat his workers exactly how he treats his machinery. This quote was used in our research
paper and our documentary to show the conditions of child labor and how their bosses
treated them.

Somavia, Juan. "Resources for Speakers, Global Issues, Africa, Ageing, Agriculture, Aids,
Atomic Energy, Children, Climate Change, Culture, Decolonization, Demining,
Development, Disabilities, Disarmament, Environment, Food, Governance, Humanitarian,
Refugees, Women." UN News Center. UN.

This primary source is a quote about child laborers and how they deserved much more than what
they were being put through. This will be used in our project to show the views of others
while child labor was happening.

Secondary Sources

By convention, the Prints and Photographs Division has come to refer to these as. About
This Collection - National Child Labor Committee Collection. The Library of Congress,
www.loc.gov/collections/national-child-labor-committee/about-this-collection/.

This secondary source is about Lewis Hines partnership with the National Child Labor Committee
and also explains how the NCLC used his photographs to investigate child labor and social
reforms. This article will be used in our project to explain how Lewis Hine helped the
NCLC and what they did with the information that he provided them.

Cade, DL. Lewis Hine's Photography and The End of Child Labor in the United States.
PetaPixel. petapixel.com/2013/09/07/lewis-hines-photography-end-child-labor-unitedstates/.

This article explains how Hines photographs led to child labor being outlawed. It will be
used in our project to show the effects of Hines work and how he used his camera to expose
social injustice.

Denzer, Kiko. "The Documentary Imagination Of Lewis Hine." History Today

38.8

(1988): 49. MasterFILE Premier.

This article discusses the achievements of Lewis Hine. It also explores how he became the
father of documentary photography and used this in his investigation of child labor using
photography. This will be used in our documentary to explain the benefits of documentary
photography.

Dreier, Peter. "The Radical Images of Lewis Hine, Documentary Photographer." The Huffington
Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com

This article explains how Lewis Hines mentor Frank Manny influenced his way of life and his
choice to become a documentary photographer. It will be used in our project to provide
background information on Hine and his education.

Finkel, Ken. Mother Jones and the Fight Against Child Labor in Kensingtons Textile
Mills. PhillyHistory Blog, 21 Sept. 2014,
www.phillyhistory.org/blog/index.php/2014/05/mother-jones-and-the-fight-against-childlabor-in-kensingtons-textile-mills/.

This article provides an image of child laborers on strike. Children wanted to go to school and not
be forced to endure horrible factory conditions for extreme work hours. This will be used in
our project as a representation of how children felt about working and the terrible
conditions.

Goldberg, Vicki. "A Career That Moved from Man to Machine." The New York Times.

This is a newspaper article in the New York Times that tells who Lewis Hine was and how he
helped reform the society by taking pictures. Also, it tells about how the Brooklyn Museum
of Art helped to put him in the spotlight to help put his work out to the public. This source
will be used in our research paper and documentary to explain how he got his work out to
spread the word to people.

Gutman, Judith Mara. "LEWIS HINE'S LAST LEGACY." The New York Times.
The New York Times.

This article looks into Hines reason for taking the type of documentary photographs that he took. It
will be used in our project to answer the question of why did Hine take this stand and use
photography to make a difference.

"Hine, Lewis (Lewis Wickes Hine)." The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Columbia
University Press, 2016. Kids InfoBits, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?
p=ITKE&sw=w&u=scschools&v=2.1&id=GALE
%7CA69208873&it=r&asid=f69bd436fcd548df39f200d61a1e9a33.

This source is a secondary source that tells about Lewis Hines life and how he came about to be a
documentary photographer. It explains what he did that made him want to help children and
how he made an impact on society. This will be used in our project to explain how he made
an impact and what he did to make a change in our world.

"Lewis Hine Photos Revisited." American History 47.6 (2013): 9. History Reference Center.

This source is a secondary source about how Lewis Hine took pictures to help reform in the
Industrial Revolution. It will be used in our project to explain the effects of his photography
and how he came about doing it.

"Lewis Wickes Hine." Encyclopedia of World Biography, vol. 28, Gale, 2008. Biography in
Context.
http://ic.galegroup.com.scsl.idm.oclc.org/ic/bic1/BiographiesDetailsPage/BiographiesDetail
sWindow?
disableHighlighting=false&displayGroupName=Biographies&currPage=&scanId=&query=
&source=&prodId=BIC1&search_within_results=&p=BIC1&mode=view&catId=&u=scsch
ools&limiter=&displayquery=&displayGroups=&contentModules=&action=e&sortBy=&documentId=GALE
%7CK1631009057&windowstate=normal&activityType=&failOverType=&commentary=

This is a secondary source that explains the conditions that child laborers had to work in. Also, it
tells how Lewis Hine worked to make things right for them and how he impacted our world
today. This will be used in our project to explain the actions he took and how he impacted
our world with his gift.

"Lewis Wickes Hine." Merriam Webster's Biographical Dictionary. Springfield, MA: MerriamWebster, 1995. Biography in Context.

This secondary source is a small biography about Lewis Hine and his life and includes birth and
death dates, his nationality and occupation, and a brief summary of his life. This will be
used in our research paper and documentary to explain his background and how he came to
take a stand.

Lewis W. Hine (American, 1874 - 1940) (Getty Museum). The J. Paul Getty in Los Angeles,
www.getty.edu/art/collection/artists/1566/lewis-w-hine-american-1874-1940/.

This article is a secondary source about Lewis Hine working with the National Child Labor
Committee to show what needed to be corrected in society. This information will be used in
our documentary and research paper to explain who he worked with to get his ideas out to
the people.

Lusted, Marcia Amidon. "The power of pictures: How Lewis Hine changed children's lives."
Appleseeds Apr. 2013: 14+. Kids InfoBits.

This article tells how Lewis Hine, a social reformer, used his photographs as a powerful tool to end
child labor. This will be used in our research paper and documentary to show how powerful
his photographs were and how he turned his job into a way to help and change the society.

Michael Herring. Child Labor in U.S. History. - The Child Labor Education Project,
www.continuetolearn.uiowa.edu/laborctr/child_labor/about/us_history.html.

This secondary source explains the background of child labor and why children were preferred over
adults. Also, it includes a timeline to show when laws were formed and when labor unions

struck. This source will be used in our project to explain the basis of child labor and when
important events happened.

Photographs of Lewis Hine: Documentation of Child Labor." National Archives and Records
Administration. National Archives and Records Administration.
https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/hine-photos

This is a secondary source explaining child labor and how Lewis Hine took pictures of the working
children and the conditions they went through. This article was used in our research paper
and in our documentary to explain child labor and how Lewis Hine helped the children.

Smith-Shank, Deborah L. Lewis Hine and His Photo Stories: Visual Culture and Social Reform.

This article looks into why the country needed a social reform. It will be used in our project to
describe the problems of child labor and the actions taken to end it.

Work Accidents and the Law (1910). Explore PA History, Historical Markers, Pittsburgh
http://explorepahistory.com/hmarker.php?markerId=1-A-3EF

This website provided information on the Charities and the Commons study, The Pittsburgh Survey.
This was one of Hines first projects that inspired his future works of photographing social
injustice. It will be used in our project to explore Hines life and jobs.