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    Freedmans Journal

    Uploaded by

    Annie Hicks
    newspaper

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    FIRST EDITION! How to get a Job as an African- | Black Codes and Jim Crow American Page 2 Laws Page 5 THE FREEDMEN’S JOURNAL VOLUME 1 ISSUE T OCTOBER 26TH, 201% News Briefs PAGE I- Washington Dines atthe White Howse, Annie Hicks PAGE? ‘Getting a Job as an African American, Ura Gupta The Fleeting Life of the Colored Exodus, Abi Kochler New Colleges Established by Affican-Americans, Mira PAGES Haycs Presidency and the End of Reconstruction, Uma Gupta Founding of the NAACP. Joe Friedman PAGE 4 SShareeropping in the Farming ‘Community, Annie Hicks Violent Lynchings Spark Protests, Joe Friedman, PAGE $- Jim Craw Laws, Mira Diamond Book Review: The Souls of Black Folk, Jae Friedman PAGE 6. ‘Obituaries, Abi Kochler PAGE Death of an Opium Eater, Abi Koehler ‘Ads- Annie Hicks, Uma Gupta iamond WASHINGTON DINES AT THE WHI TE HOUSE! Controversy Sparked Across the Nation By Annie Hicks ‘On October Loe, 40, Aftican American activist, leader, and eckcstor, Booker T. Washing was vied 10 18S presi hans Wo ine ih Prosiden The RRoosevuk ant hie family: Mr. Washington was adhe avet by the preside to di + prtcalany ssaes prevailing lack cormmaity. At the ead of tbrie slscwssion, President Rocmovelt was called to rego o sy 38 4 voi vont. This the fit tin istry a Black man fas bose i social gust at the White Hae In tes hoor, rssdnen Race deen asked om public mr, ta eines ‘was the priority. This is significa sp in the direction ef racial equality, Boukae T. Ws slave a freed afr the Chl We. boxcame an igllectal tao, and advo for Alcan Ametican rights, Washington delivers the Alla Exposition Adibess on the 18h of Septseber, IM8S, Ths Bro seu. ot of contest tho Black camrmonity, Wahi bel thst Arca sdinoor, and iid W te tot Beir ecw al ut word, San prised his thers of commendation. de belie a Mack women sboalde't fi sand ‘beic ch and UL nsbad socom the White man's projudicor agin thers. Ot agree his Noli. and thoughe that econwenic uaity would follow Civil ight, which as the palosopy of African American activist, WEB. De Bois way tis speech and his wk Lip From Shoesy soln his place os Back piles President Theodare Rocravelt wa socemod abst winning the following presidetil election. He Gousht thal, i b svoraied for Black equality. fe could win rove votes fom African Ametians. In order o> fewestgate prevalent isues in comminity. he invited Washington over talk. The tbe dinner, rowspapersal over fe couney Bg ck 2 side ae to wheter or mot Roomevet ma the wrong. Souhera newspapers rite spihets shat hadnt boom sed in yarn Thay Revell ‘cheraining Black man, aed acused bin of rot supporting the roccmly pascal Ceo” les, hich were base of of the ‘Washingsom contnast oa Page & THE FREEDMEN’S JOURNAL PAGE 2 VOUIME 1 ISSUE 1 OCTOBER FoTH, 2016 Getting a Job as an African-American - what can we do? By Uma Gupta What can » lsc mando: conyers ‘he law is gait tha? During he Gk Age Bass cam woe sts ha a: his ol doef ews ad grad ow ppt Doe io thee of the Recersracion, Act American reno lange pot at, 2 ‘hey ae openly aac by Wis bat ‘yially and ptclly. The Biggs tack oe he ack The Fleeting Life of the Colored Exodus ly Abt Koanter Following the Ciel War, Bargain “Pap” Singleon led hundkeds of Alias. Ametcars for the South fo sommmuntios in Kinsas ‘Te migration, cslled the “Colored Enoch, ‘asd So te ate R705 19 the early 1880, wth the mnity of migstice happening ie 1879, Singleton. Known asthe “Father af the [Exodas," wa a frmer save holed Aan Americans towne Kaas, ers he tlievsd they cout be tte of tae discretion sed bntilibesof the White south Singleton bleved thet Affican-Anwticans ‘Sdn sd ts he a pu of White saci nd ‘hat they would be beter off cresting. thet cami oppor inthe west The Homestead Act of HEA2 abo offered fonda lana the Aion American Pouess about Singicon's setlemss spread ‘voughout the south attracting hundeets of Ateat-Amercans lle) Exoosters, The ‘te “Exess” cane fiom the Iso prvi of fren fom te Egyptians ‘escibea a the id Tesamest of te ibe ‘Tho Colored Exod beg right afr the ied if ceeonatruetin, wha the U.S alan. Jefe the South Over Gy thous Aan Americans decided 10 migrac to Kansas ia 189 athor than face the inks and Spoon in White wc Sever evar tures three cing 1880's, fut their eventual doling can be satiated to their Lack of somnecion to lla Bs orl nad assess supplies an sine oppor: rice is ie hime of tis ensces.Let's inko w lok at seme of the pstions Blk ron eo she oss ly in th ate 17D the 18008 Alc Americans ed ‘bull the time's greatest aces: the rallye at today they only have oppmtuitcs mo be ‘doormen an soa shone those rans, while te Wit man i the conductor, or gets Wo st ack ane enone the id, Dag Uae reconsnuctioa, it took time and effet for lacs to gui the ight to Bold publi fice, Tesay, at 16 Hin Cw ws presding sro the soumy, Afiean Americans are being rbbed of heiraoies in governmcal, 20d demoted ware renova jos ant bon ‘ier profssans, Even when Ain Amorcns Fighting fw sho US sa the sy saidst the nar en nin, they ae teed “wi ile to wo expec and areal able to ist in he ranks of the army. They are panishod more harsh ae fore oo menial tasks rater tan igh | Forming and agfcuiive remnin the Jpackbooe of the eccoamy, and yet Blacks an fly pts in that nde, [i very rire fo find an Arica American wh ‘own land and at seveney in dt, Tenby tacks se cottmnonly bite te bog old en onset Er During te cattle oman f the 18805, ceombuys wer in high deena rd coms railroad sitions for rampart. Afnican Americans Bold Unt stalls pesentage of ‘comny jbs, vay uname yy Wiles see Mexicans ‘Very few Afficn Americans ae sassesful fn thor caesrs daring the GM Age. Ont of th oughly mon Blocks sing he US, during) the Gilded Age very few ae remembered todiy, Amoogsi the African ‘Amerionn who found sascess tthe Gilded ‘Age ne scholars such as W-E-B Du Bows sd Doar T. Wasbingice as well as boxer Sam Langiond ‘African Arran are limit ifiioe Toston or demoed foe high ems, The Yack of succesful Hacks fom the tim ae swell as racers of racist laws ar evidence of the difculios Blacks face when trying to find jt, veally ea White man sur ‘Two New Colleges Established by African-Americans By Stra Blanco Recealy. ro schools were opened in be South by Atean Americans and forthe ‘can mers ppl Spetman College was founded Apri 1. 1881 in Aalaia. Georgina a Hlac hier ‘dase stn Fr won. Tie bra ‘ets college ss fondo by Sophia B. Packard and Hit ECs, Tey staret theicollage aca al schoo! 2 church asa. The 40 Bsn waren, Spin sea Hare langht Miss Aiea so who were mol fdtomen, Rasksflle. 3 arene ntsc plait, donates money tothe stan, sot ald sere gro: Ny 1 the oles mane "Wn steal had ne eres nd fe biting which wae on a Unien Teng base dang the Civil War call Fost MePhrson, Spelman College airs bachelors depresinseiences. rs, Innguages cconomics,poliical scones. _scology eligron paycholagy. at ‘oskoace University was enblshed by Hooker T Washington ce Puy 4, 1881 ia Tusheose, Alabama. Ts University ws ods single rom nese a chur th aly 0 stdersi the fi lane. I a fprvate school fr beth me an women The Fone sel piney, Dr, Booka T ‘Washington, fase his hee! a ining A fican- American in trades, agri ‘school ae concen indapsndnce. His ‘Sel ws aslo this lt jobs, syle, ecto pnene,s suction woh improve lives af AFcan- Americans inthe South. PAGE 3 THE FREEDMEN’S JOURNAL VOUUME 1 ISSUE 1 Hayes's Presidency Leads to End of Reconstruction By Uma Gupta ‘Weeks ayo-on March 4th, 1877, the American people caw Rotherford B. Hayes rugurated asthe new president of the United States What remained unclear was ‘how he wom the election againet Democrat ‘Samuel! Tilden, Today the process has Been [brought to light. In exchange for political {isvors from Democrats, Hayes promised that 1 president he would witha troops fem the South “The year 1877 marked the end of the reconstruction. Hayes, as his frst act ax ‘Presiden, hal enacted the "Compromise of S77 which instructed for the removal of ederal oops from the South, marking the offical end of the radical seconstruction. IL jewot clear whish politicians were OCTOBER 2oTH. 2016 involved in thie compromise. nor bow lemg it had Been in the making, but its consequences were bold and harsh. This smcant that te rights of Afeican Americans ‘were in jeopardy. Recently eraops had to quell violence ‘sgnins! Hlacksas their righis were called into question, and today, without troops, inc rights wil come ferther into gession. In 1876, the Supreme Const refused to grant Blacks redress in the South. The ‘South is once again fling ito the hands of ex-confederates, and without traps, the goverment has se te stage forthe ise oF White supremacy. Hayes and the [Republicans in office have si they will, do what they canto President Ruther B. Hayes takes military out of Southern states. protect tnd priorice lack rights and suffrage, hough it has become shundanily clear they have po real [Power im the South to preserve the civil rights of Afiican Americans ‘The Founding of DEAR ABBY, ser] world ps the itercy tet ca fied he oll 1 Mira Diam {Gy Even cod ffl he pol axl woul goto the NAACP | toy ‘etree fie Ka Kin Tbe KX tert any “ei etre vmeicmmaie gin Bnskorany Whe tee tips Me gti pel ‘Adana, Goorin my lif is unfair and Lam ‘consid seared hecause ofthe oppression and inequality wards Blacks. Ever cince be tend ofthe Reconsincti eae freedom ave ben aksnaay | eed beable to ‘yoke bu now ats mens. Lam ira: By Jee Friedman "The reed lem race rit af 1906 and 1908 ignited ang expos and rig gered the emotive hat lta the eeming of the NAACP, During 1907 messing, eld leu boca othe cays ison roles aceatr of bolita W/E De Bois and ‘Wiles Mantes Troter had a sre Natisal Negro Custornce, wax eld in ‘New Var City ae February 12,1908 the 1000 anniversary af Abrakar Lincoln's bib. Whites and Black beh tended ‘The delegates sree fo etabich 2 permanent organistion 3 cary ut Sait isa. De Mle he mpmicnics ‘ewruper, the Crise. They sed the (Criss oaprand the message the NAACP statesmen roc tthe semement arte dispute betncen NatttO ston. De Bow deride he and De Beis isson of the NAACP. "lr de ihe ‘en, irexpectie of color ot rve, forthe bight ideas of American demoery, a or rzsonable bu ares aera 23 sin theverighs and elie there ideals” ‘The Sprmgfild racer alamo ‘soother What Litrals because it somed hem hat cial violence was ‘nt exci othe ode Sout The ate “This grup of Wise mca pomoleswslence onthe Black cornmanity which discomrages ws ore standing op fr our Ciriright meek aga, my neighoes sn une Musee for ongmizing's peaceful sit-in na resimrat proteins segregation, Theemen with th Faces covered in White rape shat the poor bay of aay IT yea in fot of bis ‘nether ad fhe’ het of cing ma freedoms bat Srl at if doe omy i gs wil led. What sald Ids? Sincerely, ‘Seared ar alps Dear scared and helps, Toca, ysur problems sem bod, Unfornelychat cay advice can give you is tostayeafe The sia for Africes Americans inthe sooth Gangerous fone mkes2 ‘prongs lll can ll you i tobe paint and at satil Republican fom he naka op tbe injustices her in he south Good lock and nye, ‘Yours ity aby THE FREEDMEN’S JOURNAL PAGE 4 VOUUM! sur Tt OCTOBER 26TH, 2016 Sharecropping Causes Mass Debt in Farming Community By Annie Hicks Afier the thineenth amendment as passed tthe end of the Civil War, more than four million slaves were freed. I ‘was forbidden to educate slaves, 30 they cam to the free world without homes, Sharecropping was formed to give freedmen and their faiies jobs and homes om firs since that's all they knew bow todo after slavery. Sharecropping. began with a landowaer that split their land into many plots, and gave the plats vs poor families to build a Bouse of ant gave thers supplies, lke seeds, rools and animals, to stan farming. Offen, the shareeroppers Would originally signto sive /4to % of their profitto the Landowner fromby selling crops. the landowners would pay for the supplies and take the remaining of the profit foe [By Joe Friedman Lynching is defined as all kinds of violet, unlafal killing. including, burning. rnutilaing, and fatal beatings. Homever the word is mostly commonly associated with banging. When the word lynching is used itis generally describing hate crimes “The statistics-on lynching began being recorded by “Tuskowe institute in 1882 s0 despite the fact that Iyochines secured before 882 thete area’ satstcs fina before 1882, Between 1882-1885 more Whitcs were lynched than Blacks “The mirnbers were 411 Whites and 227 Blacks killed Between 1880 and 1914, the number of Blacks lynched was 2,854 and the number of Whites lynch was 804, At the time, because of haw tnoch smaller the Black population in the U.S, was than the White populating, the rato.of Black to ‘White fynchings is much lange than the statistics make it themselves. They ofien overcharged for ‘equipement, and told the sharecroppers that tools.cost more than they actually di, ‘causing the farmers wo go into an endless ‘debi. “You just ad to take their word.” says Henry Blake. a sharecronper in Arkansas. They wouldn't be ale to pay for the supplies, and were forced to work the next year to pay them off, but would then ‘owe even mare the next year, aed would never beable to pay off their deb, This became similar to the practi because children were forced to tke con thei parents’ debt, and there was no way out. Blake talks to us about his experiences asa sharecropper “When we worked on shares, we coulda’t make nothing, just overalls and something to cat. Half went to the osher man and you would desteoy your half if you weren't caret” he says. Blake expresses his feelings on his employment, by saying. “You could git anything you wanted as Jong as you worked. f you did't ‘male no mioney. that's allright; they ‘would advance you more. But you better not leave him, you better not tty toleave and get caught." He Stated that this mew way of farming ‘was worse than his previous state a a slave, because now he was told he had fessor, but he was trapped seit slavery, was just out of reach. Violent Lynchings Spark Protests appear. One ofthe many brutal lynching stores is that of Allen Brooks. Brooks was on iral whon a white mob ran inio the courtroom and hum him, They brought his Body dow a few blocks and hung him from a symbolic archway on Main sireet in Dallas. During the late 1900s and the early 1900s, Ida. Wells, 2 journalist and oae ofthe founders of the NAACP became ‘one of the biggest ant-Iynching activists, She brought both attention to both te lynching of Blacks tothe attention of the country as well as people all around the ward. She worked with Booker. Washington to lbh’ congress Foe ant-Iynching legisiation but nothing was ever passed which is one of the many Uhm that pished her to be ne of the founding of members of the NAACP. PAGE 5 THE FREEDMEN’S JOURNAL VOLUME 1 ISsuc 1 OCTOBER 26111, 2016 Jim Crow Laws Continue to Degrade Southern Blacks By Mira Diamond prvemment already schools therefore Black have litle help to stop Jim Crow lows wie’ admit she ebelioas chien arwoffeed a worse ching cea pole anced aftr the Souther sales ino the Union diction acini we Reconsraction period © and finshed tying protect oll unes orgy tat, Seven as see a reduce contact Between snd help the newly freed and granffiathers clauses are 2 White, White Blacks and Whites and slaves passed to prevent Affican- supremacists groups such as the Ku Klux Klan earry out lynch mobs. Victims of lymching could be Black manor wornan who ‘went legalize segregation and In 189% the court case Americans from voting, Poll

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