Linear Array Antenna Code

N=5;
d=0.5;
theta zero =0;
theta_zero
0;
An=1;
AF=zeros(1,360);
fortheta=1:360
deg2rad(theta)=(theta*pi)/180;
for n=0:N
for
n=0:N1
1
AF(theta)=AF(theta)+
An*exp(j*n*2*pi*d*(cos(deg2rad(theta))cos(theta_zero*pi/180)));
end
AF(theta)=abs(AF(theta));
end
polar(deg2rad,AF);
6 February 2014

Prof. Rizwan Alad, D.D.University, Nadiad.

EffectofnumberofelementsinArray
N=6

N=2

N=10

Array Factor Pattern

A
Array
Factor
F t Pattern
P tt
90

90

120

120

Array Factor Pattern

90
60

60

60
8

1.5
150

150

30

30

150

30
4

0.5
180

180

180

210

210

330

240

210

330
240

330

300

300

240

300

270

270

270
0

-10

-10

-10

-20

-20

-20

-30

-30

-30

-40

-40

-40

-50

-50

-50

-60

-60

-70

-70

-80

-60
-70

-80

-90
-100

-80
80

-90
0

20

40

60

80

6 February 2014

100

10

120

120

140

160

180

-100

-90
0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

-100

Prof. Rizwan Alad, D.D.University, Nadiad.

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Linear Array Antenna Pattern Multiplication

E R = E0 AF

N
cos( cos ) sin
2
2
ER = E0 AF =

sin
sin
2

for theta = 1:1:360

d 2 d( h ) = ((theta*pi)/180;
deg2rad(theta)
h * i)/180
%Element pattern calculation
g(theta) = abs((cos(pi*cos(deg2rad(theta))/2))/sin(deg2rad(theta)));

%array factor calculation

for n=0:N-1
f(theta) = f(theta)+ An*exp(j*n*2*pi*d*(cos(deg2rad(theta))-cos(theta_zero*pi/180))) ;
end
% pattern multiplication
F(th t ) = abs(g(theta)*f(theta));
F(theta)
b ( (th t )*f(th t ))
end
6 February 2014

Prof. Rizwan Alad, D.D.University, Nadiad.

Linear Array Radiation Pattern, N = 4

Element Pattern of Dipole

Array Factor Pattern

Multipliaction Pattern

90

90

90

120

60

120

60

0.8

120

60

0.6
150

150

30

30

150

30

0.4
1

0.2

0 80

180

210

330

210

330

240

240

300

300
270

180

210

330

240

300
270

270

6 February 2014

Prof. Rizwan Alad, D.D.University, Nadiad.

Linear Array
LinearArrayRadiationPattern,N=4
y Radiation Pattern,,N = 4
Element Pattern of Dipole
90

120

Array Factor Pattern

Multipliaction Pattern

90

90

120

60

60

0.6

1.5

150

150

60

0.8

120

150

30

30

30
0.4

0.5

0.2
0 180

180
0

180

210

210

330

210

330

330
240

240

300

300
270

240

300
270

270

6 February 2014

Prof. Rizwan Alad, D.D.University, Nadiad.

SatelliteAntennaPatterns&CoverageZones
Global Beam Waveguide Horn with Reflector
Scanning beams and shaped beams Phased Array Antennas

6 February 2014

Prof. Rizwan Alad, D.D.University, Nadiad.

Adaptive
p
Array
y

Adaptive scheme fully reject the interferers

Adaptiveschemefullyrejecttheinterferers
6 February 2014

Prof. Rizwan Alad, D.D.University, Nadiad.

SmartArrayAntennaAnalogy
Human Analogy

6 February 2014

Electrical Equivalent

Prof. Rizwan Alad, D.D.University, Nadiad.

PhasedArrayAntenna
Changingexcitationsof
arrayelements
Phaseexcitations
B
Beamswitching
it hi
Amplitude
Amplitudeexcitations
excitations
ControlSLL

6 February 2014

Prof. Rizwan Alad, D.D.University, Nadiad.

ComputationalTool
DOA
Broadside

Array
El
Elements
Amplitude
Weights

PhaseShift
Weights

4
4

(T/R)1 (T/R)2

6 February 2014

Combined
Signal

Adaptive
Algorithm

Prof. Rizwan Alad, D.D.University, Nadiad.

10

ActivePhasedArrayAntenna
SmartArrayAntennaConfiguration
Smart
Array Antenna Configuration

T/R
module

Radiating
g
Elements

6 February 2014

Prof. Rizwan Alad, D.D.University, Nadiad.

11

PhasedArrayusedinSat.Com.

Requirements
Electronicbeamscanning
Electronic
beam scanning
Multipleswitchbeam
Adaptivebeams

Specifications
Highgain
Low Side Lobe Level (SLL)
LowSideLobeLevel(SLL)
Shapedbeam

6 February 2014

Prof. Rizwan Alad, D.D.University, Nadiad.

12

SARAntenna

6 February 2014

Prof. Rizwan Alad, D.D.University, Nadiad.

13

Array Synthesis
Radiation pattern is specified and we are asked to find
array excitation
1.
2.
3.
4.

Source amplitude distribution control

Source phase distribution control
Element spacing control
Anyy combination of above

6 February 2014

Prof. Rizwan Alad, D.D.University, Nadiad.

14

Important Parameter for Design

Narrow Beam Width
Low Side Lobe
Decaying minor lobes
Number of method for array synthesis,
1. Schelkunoffs Zero placement method
2. Binomial Arrays
3. Dolph-Chebyshev Arrays

6 February 2014

Prof. Rizwan Alad, D.D.University, Nadiad.

15

Folded Dipole Antenna

6 February 2014

Prof. Rizwan Alad, D.D.University, Nadiad.

16

Folded Dipole Antenna

6 February 2014

Prof. Rizwan Alad, D.D.University, Nadiad.

17