C6.Địa tần các bể trầm tích Kainozoi VN PDF

Chng
a tang cac
be tram tch
Kainozoi
Viet Nam
Chng 6. a tang cac be tram tch Kainozoi them luc a Viet Nam
Tram tch Kainozoi phan bo rong rai tren them luc a va at lien Viet Nam. Phan ln
chung tap trung trong cac be tram tch, co ni day tren 10.000 m. Nghien cu a tang tram
tch Kainozoi trong thi gian qua gan lien vi qua trnh tm kiem - tham do dau kh va a co
nhng ket qua ang khch le.
Cho en nay sau hn na the ky, cong tac tm kiem - tham do dau kh a trai khap tren cac
be tram tch Kainozoi them luc a Viet Nam. Mot khoi lng khong lo cac tai lieu a chat
- a vat ly a c thu thap. Hang chuc van km tuyen a chan a c x ly. Hang tram
gieng khoan a co ket qua phan tch. Nhieu bao cao ve tram tch, co sinh, carota va a chan
a tang cung vi hang loat cac bao cao tong hp cua cac c quan nghien cu, cac cong ty
trong va ngoai nc nh Lien oan a chat 36, Vien Dau kh Viet Nam, Cong ty TOTAL, BP,
SHELL, FINA, MOBIL, UNOCAL, VIETSOVPETRO, JVPC, IDEMITSU, PETRONAS..v.v...
Hau het cac bao cao eu e cap en kha canh a tang, song mc o nghien cu cua tng
bao cao co net khac nhau. Nhng ket qua o a c cac tac gia Golovenok V.K - Le Van
Chan (1960 - 1970), Paluxtovich - Nguyen Ngoc C (1971), Vu Van Nhi (1975) Sevostianov
(1977), Pham Hong Que (1981), Nguyen Giao (1982), Le Van C (1982), J. Moris (1993),
C. Sladen (1997) Ngo Thng San (1981, 1987), Le nh Tham (1992), o Bat - Phan Huy
Quynh (1985, 1993, 2002)... nghien cu tong hp va trnh bay tren cac bang 6.1, 6.2, 6.3,
6.4.
ac biet ket qua nghien cu gan ay nhat a c o Bat, Phan Huy Quynh, Ngo Xuan
Vinh, Phan Giang Long va Nguyen Quy Hung tong hp vao nam 2002, c xem la tai lieu
a tang s dung pho bien trong tm kiem tham do dau kh cac be tram tch Kainozoi them
luc a va at lien Viet Nam ca ve phng phap nghien cu va ket qua at c.
1. Phng phap nghien cu
Nghien cu a tang thc chat la phan
cac tram tch b phu, khong trc tiep quan
chia cac n v a tang va oi sanh chung
sat c, cac gieng khoan xa nhau, ty le
vi nhau. C s e giai quyet nhiem vu nay
mau loi rat han che v.v... nen e xay dng
chu yeu c da theo Quy pham ve a
cot a tang tong hp cua tng gieng khoan,
tang Viet Nam - 1994 va Hng dan a
tng vung, tng be tram tch va lien ket vi
tang quoc te - 1993, 2000.
khu vc phu can chung toi a phoi hp s
Do ac iem cua vung nghien cu la
dung cac phng phap nghien cu thach

139
a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam
a tang, sinh a tang, carota va a chan
hp trong chuyen e nay se cho bc tranh
a tang, nham khac phuc iem yeu va bo
toan canh a tang tram tch e Tam them
xung cac the manh cho nhau gia phng
luc a va at lien Viet Nam.
phap nay va phng phap khac trong
2. a tang cac be tram tch e Tam
nghien cu a tang. Viec tong hp nay se

tuan theo cac nguyen tac chu yeu sau:
2.1. Be Song Hong
Cac phan chia thach a tang la n v
a. Mien vong Ha Noi - Vnh Bac Bo
c ban. ac iem cua chung c xac
(BAC BE SONG HONG)
nh bang cac tai lieu tram tch, co sinh
(Hnh 6.1)
va carota.
PALEOGEN
Tuoi cua cac n v a tang da theo
Eocen
tai lieu co sinh
He tang Phu Tien (E2 pt)
Ranh gii cua cac n v a tang thng

c xac nh theo tai lieu carota, con
Mat cat chuan c Pham Hong Que
ac trng cua cac mat bat chnh hp,
mo ta tai GK.104 Phu Tien-Hng Yen t
cac n v a tang thng da theo cac
o sau 3.544 m en 3.860 m va at ten la
tai lieu a chan.
iep Xuan Hoa (1981) bao gom cat ket,
Lien ket a tang gia cac vung da
set bot ket mau nau tm, mau xam xen cac
theo tuoi tram tch c xac nh theo
lp cuoi ket co o hat rat khac nhau t vai
tai lieu co sinh va theo doi cac tap a
cm en vai chuc cm. Thanh phan hat cuoi
chan a tang mang tnh khu vc.
thng la ryolit, thach anh, a phien ket
Ket qua nghien cu a tang tram tch
tinh va quarzit. Cat ket co thanh phan a
e Tam cua cac nha a chat trong va
khoang, o mai tron va chon loc kem, nhieu
ngoai nc trong thi gian qua c tong
hat thach anh, calcit b gam mon, xi mang
Hnh 6.1. a tang tong hp Bac be Song Hong
140
Bang 6.1. Khai quat phan chia a tang mien vong Ha Noi va Bac be Song Hong
calcit-sericit. Bot ket ran chac thng mau
mong trc e Tam. Tuy nhien, no ch
tm cha sericit va oxyt sat. Tren cung la
c theo doi tot vung vnh Bac Bo. Tap
lp cuoi ket hon tap mau tm, mau o xen
a chan nay co cac phan xa bien o cao,
cac a phien set vi nhieu vet trt lang
tan so thap, o lien tuc t trung bnh en
bong. Be day cua he tang tai gieng khoan
kem mien vong Ha Noi va chuyen sang
nay at 316 m. Nam 1982 trong cac cong
dang phan xa song song, o lien tuc tot
trnh nghien cu tong hp cac tac gia o
vnh Bac Bo.
Bat, Phan Huy Quynh a oi thanh iep
Tuoi Eocen cua he tang c xac
Phu Tien, con Le Van C (1982) oi thanh
nh da theo cac dang bao t phan hoa,
he tang Phu Tien theo a danh huyen Phu
ac biet la Trudopollis va Ephedripites.
Tien (Hng Yen), ni gieng khoan 104 a
Nguyen ch Dy (1981) va Pham Quang
phat hien ra he tang. ngoai khi vnh Bac
Trung (1998) cho rang chung co tuoi Creta-
Bo, he tang Phu Tien a c phat hien
Paleogen, co nhieu kha nang la Eocen. Tuy
GK. 107-PA-1X (3.050-3.535 m) vi cuoi
nhien, da vao quan he nam di cac tram
san ket co kch thc nho, thanh phan chu
tch Oligocen (he tang nh Cao), nen xep
yeu la cac manh a granit va a bien chat
he tang Phu Tien vao Eocen. He tang c
xen vi cat ket, set ket mau xam, mau nau
thanh tao trong moi trng sn tch - song
co cac mat trt hoac b phan phien manh.
ho. o la cac tram tch lap ay cac a hao
Cac a ke tren b bien oi th sinh manh.
sut lun nhanh, dien phan bo hep.

Oligocen
Be day he tang ay khoang 485 m.
He tang nh Cao (E3 c)
Tren cac mat cat a chan, he tang Phu

Tien c the hien bang tap a chan nam
He tang mang ten xa nh Cao (Phu
ngang phu bat chnh hp ngay tren mat a
Tien-Hng Yen), ni at GK. 104 a m

141
ra mat cat chuan cua he tang. Tai ay, t
tang nh Cao va Phu Tien. cac gieng
o sau 2.396 en 3.544 m, mat cat chu yeu
khoan 203, 81, 204, 200, 106 cac tram tch
gom cat ket mau xam sang, xam sam oi
b vo nhau va doc ng en 800 vi chieu
cho pht tm, xen cac lp kep cuoi ket dang
gieng khoan.
puing, san ket chuyen len cac lp bot ket,
Trong he tang nh Cao mi ch tm
set ket mau xam, xam en, ran chac xen t
thay cac vet in la thc vat, bao t phan hoa,
lp cuoi san ket. Cac ng cong o a vat
Diatomeae, Pediatrum va ong vat nc
ly gieng khoan phan d ro vi gia tr ien
ngot.
Tuoi Oligocen cua phc he noi tren da
tr suat cao. Be day cua he tang mat cat
theo: Cicatricosisporites dorogensis (LAD
nay la 1.148 m.
trong Oligocen muon), Lycopodiumsporites
He tang nh Cao phat trien manh
(ch
trong
Oligocen),
ong Quan, Thai Thuy, Tien Hai va vnh
neogenicus
Bac Bo, bao gom cat ket xam sang, sang
Gothanopollis bassensis (ch co trong
xam, hat nho en va, t hat tho, oi khi
Oligocen muon), Florschuetzia trilobata
gap cuoi ket, san ket co o la tron trung
(FAD trong Eocen/Oligocen).
bnh en tot. a gan ket chac bang xi mang
Hoa thach ong vat than mem nc ngot
carbonat, set va oxyt sat. Cat ket oi khi
Viviparus kch thc nho. Tuy hoa thach
cha glauconit (GK.104-QN-1X, 107-PA-
nay co khoang phan bo a tang rat rong
1X). Set ket xam sang, xam sam co cac mat
(Creta-Neogen), nhng rat co y ngha trong
trt lang bong, oi cho co cac thau knh
viec anh dau oi vi tram tch Oligocen
than hoac cac lp kep mong set voi, cha
mien vong Ha Noi, nen c dung e nhan
hoa thach ong vat. Chieu day he tang thay
biet he tang nh Cao la Cac lp cha
oi t 300-1.148m.
Viviparus nho.
ieu ang lu y la cac tap bot ket va
He tang nh Cao thanh tao trong moi
set ket mau xam en pho bien trung
trng am ho - aluvi. He tang nam khong
ong Quan va vnh Bac Bo cha lng vat
chnh hp tren he tang Phu Tien.
chat hu c mc o trung bnh (0,54%wt).
NEOGEN
Chung c xem la a me sinh dau be
Miocen di
He tang Phong Chau (N11 pch)
Song Hong.
Tren mat cat a chan, he tang nh Cao
Nam 1972 Paluxtovich va Nguyen
ac trng bang cac phan xa manh, bien o
Ngoc C a mo ta mat cat tram tch c
cao, o lien tuc trung bnh, nam xien, gian
m ra t 1.820-3.000m gieng khoan 100
oan xam thc the hien cac tram tch vun
xa Phong Chau-Thai Bnh va at ten la he
tho chan nui hay aluvi. Phan di cua mat
tang Phong Chau, ni gieng khoan a c
cat co cac phan xa khong lien tuc, bien o
thi cong. Mat cat tram tch ac trng bang
trung bnh. ac biet con nhan thay phan
s xen ke lien tuc gia nhng lp cat ket
ay cua tap c the hien bang cac mat ke
hat va, hat nho mau xam trang, xam luc
ap, mot pha, o lien tuc kem, bien o cao.
nhat gan ket ran chac vi nhng lp cat bot
ay chnh la mat bat chnh hp gia cac he
ket phan lp rat mong t c mm en cm

142
tao thanh cac cau tao dang mat, thau knh,
khong chnh hp tren he tang nh Cao va
gn song va c goi la cac a dang soc.
cac a co hn.
Cat ket co xi mang chu yeu la carbonat vi
Miocen gia
ham lng cao (25%). Khoang vat phu gom
He tang Phu C (N12 pc)
He tang Phu C c Golovenok V.
nhieu glauconit va pyrit. Be day cua he
K., Le Van Chan (1966) mo ta lan au tai
tang tai gieng khoan nay at ti 1.180 m.

He tang Phong Chau phan bo chu yeu
GK. 2 (960 -1.180 m) tren cau tao Phu C
trong dai Khoai Chau - Tien Hai (GK. 100)
mien vong Ha Noi. Tuy nhien, khi o cha
va phat trien ra vnh Bac Bo (GK. 103-
gap c phan ay cua he tang va mat cat
TH) vi s xen ke gia cac lp cat ket, cat
c mo ta bao gom cac tram tch ac trng
bot ket va set ket cha dau vet than hoac
bang tnh chu ky ro ret vi cac lp cat ket
nhng lp kep a voi mong (GK. 103-TH,
hat va, cat bot ket phan lp mong (dang
103-HOL). Cat ket mau xam en xam sam,
song, thau knh, phan lp xien), bot ket, set
hat nho en va, t hat tho, chon loc trung
ket cau tao khoi cha nhieu hoa thach thc
bnh en tot, xi mang carbonat, t set. Set
vat, dau vet ong vat an bun, trung lo va
ket mau xam sang en xam sam va nau
cac va than lignit. Cat ket co thanh phan t
o nhat, phan lp song song, ln song,
khoang, o la chon va mai tron tot, khoang
vi thanh phan chu yeu la kaolinit va ilit.
vat phu ngoai turmalin, zircon, oi ni gap
Be day cua he tang thay oi t 400 en
glauconit va granat la nhng khoang vat
1400m.
khong thay trong he tang Phong Chau.
Tren cac mat cat a chan, he tang
Sau nay, Phan Huy Quynh, o Bat
Phong Chau c the hien bang cac tap
(1983) va Le Van C (1985) khi xem xet
phan xa song song, o lien tuc tot, vi the
lai toan bo cac mat cat cua he tang Phu C
nam bien tien tren cac khoi nang ngoai
tai cac gieng khoan sau xuyen qua toan bo
khi vnh Bac Bo. mien vong Ha Noi,
he tang (GK. 100, 101, 102, 204) va quan
cac phan xa co bien o cao, gom 1-2 pha
he cua chung vi he tang Phong Chau nam
phan xa manh co the lien quan en cac lp
di, theo quan iem ve nhp va chu ky
set than.
tram tch a chia he tang Phu C thanh 3
Tren c s phan tch cac dang hoa
phan, moi phan la mot nhp tram tch bao
thach bao t phan hoa thu thap c Phan
gom cat ket, bot ket, set ket co cha than
Huy Quynh, o Bat (1985, 1993, 1995) a
va hoa thach thc vat. Mot vai ni gap
xac lap c phc he Betula-Alnipollenites
trung lo va than mem nc l.

He tang Phu C phat trien rong khap
va i Florschuetzia levipoli tuoi Miocen
mien vong Ha Noi, co be day mong
sm.
He tang Phong Chau c thanh tao
vung ong Quan va phat trien manh vnh
trong moi trng ong bang chau tho (GK.
Bac Bo vi thanh phan tram tch gom cat
104) co xen nhieu pha bien (GK. 100) vi
ket, set bot ket, than va oi ni gap cac
cac tram tch bien tang len ro ret t mien
lp mong carbonat. Cat ket co mau xam
vong Ha Noi ra vnh Bac Bo. He tang nam
sang en xam luc nhat, thng hat nho en

143
He tang Tien Hng (N13 th)
va, oi khi hat tho (GK.104-QN), chon loc

trung bnh en tot, pho bien cau tao phan
He tang Tien Hng c Golovenok
lp mong, thau knh, ln song, oi khi
V. K., Le Van Chan (1966) at theo ten
dang khoi cha nhieu ket hach siderit, oi
a phng, ni mat cat chuan cua he tang
ni co glauconit (cac GK. 100, 102, 110,
c m ra t 250-1.010m gieng khoan
104, 204, 107-PA ). Cat ket co xi mang gan
4 Tien Hng-Thai Bnh, bao gom cac tram
ket nhieu carbonat, t set. Set bot ket xam
tch co tnh phan nhp ro rang vi cac nhp
sang en xam sam, cha rat t carbonat, t
bat au bang san ket, cat ket chuyen len
vun thc vat va than (GK. 103-TH) co t lp
bot ket, set ket, set than va nhieu va than
a carbonat mong (GK. 103-TH, 107-PA).
lignit, vi be day phan tho thng ln hn
Be day chung cua he tang thay oi t 1.500
phan mn. So lng nhp thay c trong
en 2.000 m
he tang len ti 15-18 nhp. Cat ket, san
ieu ang lu y la set ket cua he tang
ket thng gan ket yeu hoac cha gan ket,
thng co tong ham lng vat chat hu c
cha nhieu granat, cac hat co o la chon
bang 0,86%wt, at tieu chuan cua a me
va mai tron kem. Trong phan di cua he
sinh dau va thc te a co phat hien dau va
tang, cac lp thng b nen chat hn va gap
condensat trong he tang Phu C mien
cat ket xam trang cha ket hach siderit, xi
vong Ha Noi
mang carbonat. Be day cua he tang trong
Tren mat cat a chan, he tang Phu C
gieng khoan nay la 760 m.
c the hien bang cac pha song phan xa
Thc te viec xac nh ranh gii gia he
co dang song song hay hon on, bien o
tang Tien Hng va he tang Phu C nam
ln, tan so cao, thng lien quan en cac
di thng gap nhieu kho khan do co s
tap cha than. Ranh gii cua he tang vi
thay oi tng a nh a neu tren. Phan
he tang Phong Chau nam di co ac trng
Huy Quynh, o Bat (1985) a phat hien
song gom 1 en 2 pha phan xa manh, bien
phan di cua he tang mot tap cat ket rat
o cao, o lien tuc tot.
ran chac mau xam cha cac vet in la thc
Tuoi Miocen gia cua cac phc he hoa
vat phan bo tng oi rong trong cac gieng
thach c xac nh theo Florschuetzia
khoan mien vong Ha Noi, a coi ay la
trilobata vi Fl. semilobata va theo
dau hieu chuyen sang giai oan tram tch
Globorotalia mayeri, theo Orbulina universa
luc a sau he tang Phu C va ay cua tap
(N9)
cat ket nay co the coi la ranh gii di cua
He tang Phu C c hnh thanh trong
he tang Tien Hng.
moi trng ong bang chau tho co xen cac
He tang Tien Hng co mat trong hau
pha bien chuyen dan sang chau tho, chau
het cac gieng khoan mien vong Ha Noi
tho ngap nc - tien chau tho, theo hng
va ngoai khi vnh Bac Bo vi thanh phan
tang dan ra vnh Bac Bo.
chu yeu la cat ket, phan tren thng la
He tang Phu C nam chnh hp tren he
cat ket hat tho va san soi ket, set ket, bot
tang Phong Chau.
ket, xen cac va than lignit. Mc o cha
Miocen tren
than giam i ro ret do tram tch tam giac

144
chau ngap nc, vi tnh bien tang theo
Hng chu yeu la ong bang chau tho, xen
hng tien ra vnh Bac Bo. Cac lp cat
nhng pha bien ven b (trung ong Quan)
ket phan lp day en dang khoi, mau xam
va tam giac chau ngap nc phat trien theo
nhat, m uc hoac xam xanh, hat nho en
hng i ra vnh Bac Bo.
tho, o chon loc trung bnh en kem, cha
Pliocen
hoa thach ong vat va vun than, gan ket
He tang Vnh Bao (N2 vb)
trung bnh en kem bang xi mang carbonat
Nam bat chnh hp tren tram tch
va set. Set bot ket mau xam luc nhat, xam
Miocen, he tang Vnh Bao anh dau giai
sang co cho xam nau, xam en (GK.104,
oan phat trien cuoi cung cua tram tch e
102-HD) cha vun than va cac hoa thach,
Tam trong mien vong Ha Noi - vnh Bac
oi khi co glauconit, pyrit (GK.100, 103-
Bo thuoc be Song Hong. Tai mat cat trong
TH). Be day cua he tang thay oi trong
GK.3 Vnh Bao, Hai Phong t 240-510m,
khoang 760-3.000 m.
co the chia he tang Vnh Bao lam 2 phan:
Tren mat cat a chan, he tang Tien
phan di chu yeu la cat, hat mn mau
Hng c bieu hien bang tap a chan co
xam, vang chanh, phan lp day, co o la
o phan lp kem va phan xa yeu, truc ong
chon tot, oi ni co nhng thau knh hay
pha ngan, bien o cao, uon nep va co nhieu
lp kep cuoi, san hat nho xen ke; phan tren
lp co bieu hien cua than. He tang Tien
co thanh phan bot tang dan. Be day chung
Hng tiep xuc vi he tang Phu C nam
cua he tang tai gieng khoan nay at khoang
di bang mat bat chnh hp co dau hieu
270 m. Trong a gap nhieu hoa thach ong
bien lui i nang cao, vi 2 pha phan xa
vat bien nh than mem, san ho, trung lo.

He tang Vnh Bao a c phat hien
manh khong lien tuc.

Hoa thach tm thay trong he tang Tien
trong tat ca cac gieng khoan; t GK.3 (ven
Hng gom cac vet in la co thc vat, bao t
bien) tien vao at lien tnh luc a cua tram
phan hoa, trung lo va Nannoplankton, ac
tch tang len, va he tang mang ac iem
biet co mot phc he ac trng gom Quercus
chau tho cha than (GK.2, Phu C). Ngc
lobbii, Ziziphus thay trong mot lp cat ket
lai, tien ra pha bien tram tch mang tnh
hat va day khoang 10 m, gap trong phan
them luc a ro: cat b ri xam sang en
ln cac gieng khoan lay mau mien vong
xam sam, hat nho en va, oi khi tho en
Ha Noi. Lp cat ket nay con thay nhieu
rat tho, chon loc trung bnh en tot xen vi
ni tren mien Bac Viet Nam nh Tam Cha
set mau xam, xam xanh, mem, cha mica,
(Na Dng, Lang Sn), Bach Long V,
nhieu pyrit, glauconit va phong phu cac
Trnh Quan (Phu Tho).
manh vo ong vat bien, thay tat ca cac
Tuoi Miocen muon cua he tang c xac
gieng khoan (GK.104-QN, 103-TH, 107-
nh theo phc he bao t phan Dacrydium
PA). He tang Vnh Bao co chieu day t 200
Ilex Quercus Florschuetzia trilobata
en 500 m va tang dan ra bien.

Tren mat cat a chan, he tang c
Acrostichum va Stenochlaena, cung nh
the hien bang cac phan xa song song hoac
phc he trung lo Pseudorotalia-Ammonia.
gan song song, nam ngang, tan so cao, bien
Moi trng tram tch cua he tang Tien

145
He tang Bach Tr (E3 bt)
o trung bnh, o lien tuc tot. phan ay

cua he tang, ni tiep xuc vi he tang Tien
Cac tram tch luc nguyen phu tren
Hng, thay mat bat chnh hp ro t cac mat
mong trc e Tam va nam lot ay trung
gian oan bao mon mien vong Ha Noi
Hue va a hao Quang Ngai a c mot
en cac dang bien tien phan trung tam
so tac gia goi la loat Hue (J. Moris, 1993;
vnh Bac Bo.
E. Lamers, 1993) hay Loat a Nang (o
Tuoi cua he tang c xac nh la

Pliocen
da
c Nguyen Ngoc s dung e at ten cho
bulloides
tram tch e T (1983). Do vay mat cat ac
(N5-N20), Globigerina nepenthes (N14-
trng cua he tang m ra tai gieng khoan
N19), Globigerinoides ruber (N18-N23),
Bach Tr (GK.112-BT) ni Le nh Tham
Globigerinoides conglobatus (N18-N23),
a mo ta, c o Bat at ten la He tang
theo
trong
trung
khoang
lo
N18-N20
Bat, 1993). Tuy nhien trc o ten Hue a
Globigerina
va phc he bao t phan hoa Liquidambar-
Bach Tr (2001). Tai ay, t o sau 3.667m
Dacrydium vi s co mat cua Florschuetzia
en 3.936 m he tang phu khong chnh hp
levipoli, Fl. Meridionalis.
tren a dolomit tuoi evon. Mat cat gom
He tang Vnh Bao chu yeu hnh thanh
chu yeu la set bot ket xen cac tap cat ket
trong moi trng them bien, rieng khu vc
hat nho en va mau xam, xam nau va t
ra TB va TN cua mien vong Ha Noi tram
lp kep mong than. a set rat ran chac,
tch tch tu trong ieu kien ong bang chau
phan lp mong en trung bnh mau xam,
tho co anh hng cua bien.
xam sam, cha cac manh vun than hoac
b. Trung Hue - a hao Quang Ngai
vat chat hu c. Cat ket hat nho en trung
(NAM BE SONG HONG)
bnh, ban goc canh en ban tron canh, chon
(Hnh 6.2)
loc trung bnh en tot, mau xam sang, xam
PALEOGEN
nau nhat gan ket ran chac bang xi mang
Oligocen
set, carbonat. Be day chung cua he tang la
Hnh 6.2. a tang tong hp Nam be Song Hong
146
Bang 6.2. Khai quat phan chia a tang Nam be Song Hong
269 m. ay la tram tch c thanh tao
trung bnh con a luy Tri Ton, tram tch
trong moi trng aluvi, am ho va ong
nay rat mong, chu yeu ton tai mot vai
bang chau tho.
lom a phng nho, ac trng bi cac phan
Phat trien xuong pha Nam, lo 114
xa hon on, tan so thap lien quan chu yeu
(GK.114-KT) he tang co thanh phan cat ket
en tnh luc a cua tram tch. ang lu y
nhieu hn va xen cac lp set ket. Chuyen
tai khu vc khoan 114-KT mac du a phat
sang a hao Quang Ngai, tai cac lo 118 va
hien thay cac hoa thach nh tuoi tram tch
119 gap nhng lp a luc nguyen tng oi
la Oligocen, nhng tren mat cat a chan
day (>200 m) chu yeu gom cat ket hat va,
khong the hien ac iem va rat kho lien he
tho, en rat tho hoac oi khi gap san va
vao cac tram tch tuoi nay. ay la van e
cuoi ket, xen t lp set bot ket va nhng va
can phai nghien cu chi tiet hn.
than (GK.118-CVX). Trong cat ket, hat vun
Tuoi Oligocen cua he tang nay c
thng ban goc canh en ban tron canh, o
xac nh theo s xuat hien cuoi cung
la chon va mai tron kem en trung bnh,
(LAD) cua Cicatricosisporites dorogensis,
gan ket chac bang xi mang set-carbonat.
Lycopodiumsporites
Be day cua he tang thay oi trong khoang
Verrutricolporites
100-300 m. Cac tram tch nay hnh thanh
Gothanipolis va theo s xuat hien au tien
trong ieu kien non boi tch, ong bang tam
(FAD) cua Florschuetzia trilobata
neogenicus,
pachydermus,
NEOGEN
giac chau ven bien anh hng cua cac dong
Miocen di
chay.
He tang Song Hng (N11 sh)
Theo tai lieu a chan, he tang Bach Tr

tng ng vi tap a chan gom cac phan
He tang Song Hng c Le nh
xa khong lien tuc, bien o cao, tan so thap
Tham mo ta va at ten cho cac tram tch
en trung bnh phan di chuyen len tren
luc nguyen tuoi Miocen phat trien trong
phan xa kha lien tuc, bien o cao, tan so
trung Hue - a hao Quang Ngai. Tuy nhien

147
nhng nghien cu tong hp ve sau a da
howardii, Crassoretitriletes nanhaiensis,
vao ac iem tram tch e gii han khoi
cac i trung lo N5-N8 vi Praeorbulina,
lng cua he tang ch gom cac tram tch luc
Catapxydrax va cac i Nannoplankton
nguyen, a voi va dolomit hnh thanh trong
NN2-NN4
Miocen sm.
Helicosphaera ampliaperta, cung vi cac
He tang phan bo kha rong rai trong
vi
Discoaster
druggii,
dang Dinoflagellata: Cribroperidinium, va
trung Hue va a hao Quang Ngai. Theo
Apteodinium.
tai lieu khoan mat cat chuan (GK.112-
Moi trng tram tch cua he tang Song
BT) tai trung Hue, he tang chu yeu gom
Hng chu yeu thuoc vung ong bang ven
set bot ket mau xam, xam sang, xam nau
bien va them bien.
ran chac cha voi, vun than va oi khi vo
Miocen gia
trung lo, xen cac lp cat ket rat mong, mau
He tang Tri Ton (N12 tt)
xam sang; ac biet thnh thoang co xen ke
Tang a voi phan bo tren a luy Tri
cac lp kep a voi, nhat la phan tren cua
Ton a c mot so tac gia mo ta la loat
mat cat (trong khoang 2.437-2.925 m) vi
Tri Ton (part.): J.Moris (1993), loat a
be day at ti 25 m. Ve pha Nam cac tram
Nang (part.): BP (1991) hay he tang a
tch luc nguyen xen a voi tng t cung
Nang (part.): C.Sladen, Hoang Ngoc ang
thay phat trien trong a hao Quang Ngai.
(1997) va Phan Trung ien, (2000), nhng
Con tren a luy Tri Ton, he tang lai chu
a danh nay a c Saurin (1952) s dung
yeu la a voi va dolomit (GK.118-CVX,
e mo ta he tang cat vang tuoi Pleistocen
119-CH); a co mau xam nhat, xam xanh
pho bien mien duyen hai Trung Trung Bo,
va ran chac; chung thng lien quan en
do o chung toi chon ten i nang Tri Ton
cac tram tch them bien, nhng rat t di tch
e at ten lai he tang nay. Mat cat chuan
sinh vat, ty le dolomit tang dan theo chieu
c chon gieng khoan 119-CH t o sau
sau.
1.454-2.165 m, bao gom thuan a voi mau
Be day cua he tang Song Hng theo
xam sang, vang, xam nau, xam sam cha
tai lieu khoan thay oi t 100 en 1.230 m,
rong tao, trung lo kch thc ln va san ho.
con theo tai lieu a chan co the day hn.
a co kien truc t hat vi tinh, hat nho en
Tap a chan tng ng vi he tang Song
an tinh, t ni tai ket tinh; cau truc thng
Hng gom cac lp phan xa kha eu, song
dang khoi, t phan lp, vi ac tnh o rong
o lien tuc giam, oi cho co phan xa mang
va o tham rat tot. Chung co o cng trung
ac trng cua tram tch ong bang ven bien
bnh, oi cho ran chac. Be day cua he tang
xen cac va than?, con cac phan xa lien
gieng khoan nay la 711 m.
quan en a voi va dolomit thng khong
Phat trien xuong trung Hue va a hao
lien tuc va trang. He tang nam khong chnh
Quang Ngai, he tang Tri Ton chuyen sang
hp tren he tang Bach Tr.
tram tch luc nguyen, trong o set bot ket

tang
chiem u the, xen t cat ket. Chung co mau
c xac nh theo s phong phu cua
xam, xam sang, cha voi, gan ket trung
Echiperiporites
bnh en cng. Be day cua he tang thay oi
Tuoi
Miocen
sm
estelae,
cua
he
Magnastriatites
148
trong khoang 300-1.000 m. Cac tram tch
khoi. Bot ket mau xam, xam sam, nau,
tren thuoc tng bien nong, ven b.
phan lp day en dang khoi, xi mang la set
Tren mat cat a chan, he tang c
va carbonat. Cat ket mau xam trang, xam
ac trng bang song a chan phan xa song
nau, hat thng mn, ban tron canh, o la
song, bien o cao oi vi cac tap a voi
chon t va en tot. Thanh phan hat chu
a luy Tri Ton, con trung Hue va a hao
yeu la thach anh, xi mang la set, carbonat.
Quang Ngai thng thay song co bien o
a voi cac lp kep mong mau xam sang,
ln, tan so cao the hien cac a luc nguyen.
xam vang, cng va en chac, dang khoi,
Tn hieu a chan thay oi t Tay sang
co cho day 0,5-2 m (GK.120-CS) cha set
ong, lien quan en tram tch moi trng
bot va phong phu ong vat bien. Be day
them va sn them kha ro.
cua he tang gieng khoan nay la 664m.
He tang Tri Ton nam chnh hp tren
He tang Quang Ngai phat trien tng
he tang Song Hng. Cac tram tch cua he
oi eu khap toan vung trung, co chieu day
tang c thanh tao trong moi trng bien
thay oi trong khoang 500-800 m.
nong, them bien va ong bang ven bien.
Tren mat cat a chan, ay la tap a
He tang c xep vao Miocen gia da
chan co cac phan xa song song, o lien tuc
vao hoa thach co sinh. ang lu y la cac
tot, bien o trung bnh en ln, tan so cao.
phc he co sinh trong khu vc co s khac
Moi trng thanh tao cua he tang thay oi
biet: phc he Miogypsina-Lepidocyclina,
t ong bang chau tho en bien ven b,
Orbulina universa vi cac tao khong xac
bien sau. Quan he vi he tang Tri Ton c
nh ch tm thay trong a voi cac gieng
the hien la mat bat chnh hp bien tien vi
khoan tren lo 118-121, trong khi bao t
hai pha phan xa manh khong lien tuc va co
phan hoa va Nannoplankton tm thay trong
gian oan bao mon gan cac t gay ln.
tram tch luc nguyen trung Hue va a
S phong phu cua Dacrydium va FAD
hao Quang Ngai.
cua Stenochlaena laurifolia cung vi
Trong a voi thuoc cac lo 118, 119 a
LAD cua Fl. trilobata giup xac nh tuoi
phat hien c cac va kh co ham lng
Miocen muon. Them vao o, cac Foram
kh CO2 cao.
va cac Nannoplankton thuoc cac i tuoi

Miocen tren
Miocen muon cung a c xac nh theo
He tang Quang Ngai (N1 qn)
Discoaster quinqueramus (NN10-NN11)
Mat cat chuan cua he tang Quang Ngai
He tang Quang Ngai thanh tao trong
c Le nh Tham mo ta tren c s tai
moi trng ong bang ven bien, bien nong,
lieu GK. 119-CH nam ngay ven ra a hao
them luc a va bien sau.
Quang Ngai, t o sau 790 m en 1.454 m.
Pliocen
Tai ay, he tang bao gom chu yeu la set ket
He tang Bien ong (N2 b)
xen ke cac lp mong bot ket, cat ket va t
Ten Bien ong at cho he tang nay da
a voi, cha vat chat than, pyrit, glauconit.
vao s lien ket cac tram tch phat trien tren
Set ket mau t xam sang en xam sam, o
toan bo them luc a Viet Nam Bien ong
cng trung bnh, oi cho ran chac, dang
trong Pliocen c Le Van C phat hien va

149
mo ta au tien (1982) cac be Cu Long

va Nam Con Sn la iep Bien ong.
Khu vc Nam be Song Hong mat cat ac
trng cho he tang c chon tai GK. 114KT t o sau 759 en 1.084 m. He tang co
thanh phan chu yeu la set, bot ket xam, t
set voi mau xam sang en xam o, mem b
va cat b ri, mau xam en xam sam, hat
mn en trung bnh, o la chon trung bnh,
ban sac canh en tron canh, thanh phan hat
chu yeu la thach anh, cha cac o voi. Trong
set ket va cat co nhieu vo hoa thach trung
lo, than mem, reu ong vat, vv Be day
cua he tang gieng khoan nay at 325 m.
He tang Bien ong phu kn toan khu
vc Nam be Song Hong. Nhn chung, mat
cat cac ni co net tng t vi mat cat ac
trng cua he tang mo ta ben tren, the hien
mot giai oan phat trien tram tch giong
nhau trong khu vc nay.
Mat cat a chan cua he tang de dang
lien he vi khu vc pha Bac (vnh Bac Bo)
va pha Nam (cac be Phu Khanh, Cu Long,
Nam Con Sn). o la cac tap phan xa song
song hoac gan song song, nam ngang, bien

o ln, o lien tuc tot, lien quan en cac
tram tch set, bot cua vung bien nong en
bien sau. ay cua tap nay thay ro mat
gian oan bao mon va the nam dang bien
tien lien quan en mat bat chnh hp gia
cac he tang Bien ong va Quang Ngai.
Tuoi cua tram tch c xac nh theo
hoa thach bao t phan hoa thuoc phc he
Dacrydium- Florschuetzia meridionalis va
hoa thach trung lo kha phong phu va gom
cac loai cua Pseudorotalia, Asterorotalia,
Gobigerinoides.
ruber
(N18-N23),
Gl. obliquus (N17-N21), Globorotalia
margaritae (N18-N20) cung nh hoa thanh
Nannoplankton Ceratholithus rugosus,
Cyclococcolithus formosus, Discoaster
argutus, Discoaster broweri, Calcidiscus
macintyrei, Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica
thuoc cac i NN12-NN15 tuoi Pliocen.
Moi trng tram tch cua he tang Bien
ong khu vc nay thuoc tng bien nong
en sau, lien quan en s phat trien cua
them luc a Bien ong.
Hnh 6.3. a tang tong hp be T chnh - Vung May
150
He tang Phuc Tan (N13 pht)
2.3. Be T Chnh Vung May
Bao gom a voi am tieu, va dang nen
T Chnh - Vung May la be tram tch
mau trang co nhieu hang hoc phat trien,
nc sau mi c nghien cu s bo tren
v..v.. cat bot set cha cac bao t phan
c s tai lieu a chan khu vc- Hien v tr
Florschuetzia meridionalis Antocerisporites,
cua be trong cau truc chung con nhieu van
va
e cha ro. Trong khu vc co duy nhat mot
cac
Foram
ln
Lepidocyclina,
Miogypsina.
gieng khoan ( PV-94) i cao T Chnh.
Pliocen
Tren c s tai lieu gieng khoan nay o Bat
va Ngo Xuan Vinh (2000) a nghien cu
He tang Bien ong bao gom cat bot set
va xay dng cot a tang tong hp cua be
b ri, a voi am tieu san ho, a voi sinh
nh sau (Hnh 6.3):
vat dang khoi mau trang cha phong phu
Mong trc e Tam la cac a ryolit,
cac vun sinh vat, san ho tao trung lo...
andesit va a b bien oi va nt ne manh.

PALEOGEN
2.3. Be Cu Long
He tang Vung May (E3?)
(Hnh 6.4)
Tram tch he tang Vung May (E3?) gom
PALEOGEN
cac a luc nguyen cat ket, set ket ran chac
Eocen
co cac manh vun than phu bat chnh hp
He tang Ca Coi (E2 cc)
tren mong trc e Tam.
Mat cat chuan cua he tang Ca Coi c
NEOGEN
xac lap tai gieng khoan Cu Long 1, xa Ca
Miocen di
Coi, Huyen Tra Cu, tnh Tra Vinh ong
Tram tch Miocen di: Do mat cat cua
bang Nam Bo trong khoang o sau 1.220-
gieng khoan nam i cao T Chnh nen
2.100m (Nguyen Giao 1982).
cha gap c cac tram tch cu the. Chung
He tang chu yeu gom cac a vun tho
ch c d bao theo tai lieu a chan co
mau xam trang, nau o, o tm, nh cuoi
ton tai cac trung sau, a hao hep va c
ket, san ket, cat ket hat va va tho en
ac trng bang cac tap cat - set xen ke hnh
rat tho cha cuoi san va t lp set ket. Cac
thanh trong ieu kien ong bang chau tho
tram tch nay nam bat chnh hp tren mong
hoac bien ven b.
la a phun trao (andesit va tuf andesit) co
Miocen gia
tuoi trc Kainozoi.
He tang T Chnh (N12 tc)
Phan di cua he tang T Chnh chu
Cuoi ket, san ket va cat ket thng co
yeu la cac tram tch luc nguyen cuoi, cat,
cau tao dang khoi hoac phan lp rat day,
bot, set ket va cac lp than chuyen len
o la chon kem. Thanh phan chnh cua
phan tren la a voi am tieu va dang nen
cuoi va san la cac a phun trao (andesit, tuf
mau trang trang xam cha Florschuetzia
andesit, dacit, ryolit), a bien chat (quarzit,
trilobata, F. meridionalis va cac Foram ln
a phien mica), a voi va t manh granitoid.
Lepidocyclina, Miogypsina.
ay la cac tram tch thanh tao trong moi
Miocen tren
trng luc a (deluvi, proluvi, aluvi..) trong

151
Hnh 6.4. a tang tong hp be Cu Long
ieu kien nang lng cao cua thi ky au
nam di no. Theo tai lieu a chan, he
sut lun, tach gian hnh thanh cac a hao,
tang Ca Coi phu bat chnh hp tren cac
do vay dien phan bo cua chung chac chan
thanh tao trc e Tam. Be day he tang
ch gii han sn cua mot so ho sut sau
vung ca Song Hau khoang 1.000 m,
cua be Cu Long. Be day cua he tang tai
trung tam cua be co the day hn. He tang
gieng khoan Cu Long la 880 m.
ch phan bo han che trong cac lom sut sau
Nhn chung mat cat a chan t at lien
nen cac gieng khoan t khi bat gap. Cac di
ra pha ong cua be gom 2 phan: phan tren
tch co sinh ngheo nan, ch co bao t phan,
co phan xa hon on hoac dang vom, bien
tao thanh phc he Trudopollis - Plicapollis.
o cao, tan so thap, o lien tuc kem en
Hien phc he nay mi tm thay khoan
tot; phan di phan xa khong phan d, lon
Cu Long 1 (trong khoang 1.255-2.100
xon, bien o cao, tan so thap, o lien tuc
m), gom Cicatricosisporites, ac biet co
kem, tram tch aluvi - am ho.
Trudopollis va Plicapollis la nhng dang
Tai mot so ni, nh cau tao Soi cung
nh tuoi Eocen cho tram tch cha chung.
phat hien mot tap cuoi ket, san ket va cat
Oligocen di
ket hat tho dang khoi day ti 339 m phu bat
He tang Tra Cu (E31 tc)
chnh hp trc tiep tren a mong granitoid
He tang Tra Cu c xac lap tai gieng
tuoi Jura. Cuoi san ket co o la chon va
khoan CL-1 thuoc xa Ca Coi, huyen Tra
mai tron kem, tuy nhien chung co o gan
Cu, tnh Tra Vinh (Nguyen Giao 1982; Le
ket tot hn do nam o sau ln hn va
Van C 1982). Tai ay, trong khoang o
thanh phan cuoi san chu yeu gom granitoid
sau 1.082-1.220 m. He tang Tra Cu ac
co thanh phan gan tng t cac a mong
trng bang s xen ke gia cat, soi ket vi

152
Bang 6.3. Khai quat phan chia a tang be Cu Long
nhng lp bot set cha cuoi, san, soi. Hat
He tang Tra Cu hnh thanh trong cac
cuoi san co thanh phan thach hoc khac
ieu kien moi trng tram tch khac nhau
nhau, chu yeu la andesit va granit. Be
t sn tch, lu tch, boi tch, song, kenh
day cua he tang gieng khoan CL-1 at
lach en am ho, vung vnh.
138 m.
He tang Tra Cu co be day thay oi t
Vao vung trung tam be Cu Long, thanh
100 en 500 m cac vom nang, con cac
phan tram tch cua he tang Tra Cu mn dan
trung a hao at ti tren 1.000 m. Theo tai
va luc au chung c xep vao phan di
lieu a chan, he tang c the hien bang
cua he tang Tra Tan. Chung phan ln la
tap a chan E, tng ng vi phan di tap
cac lp set ket giau vat chat hu c, set ket
a chan nay va co ac iem phan d t, o
cha nhieu vun thc vat va set ket cha
lien tuc kem, bien o kha ln, tan so thap,
than (chiem khoang 60-90% mat cat) oi
khong co quy luat phan lp, thng phu bat
khi co cac lp than mau en, tng oi ran
chnh hp trc tiep tren cac a mong.
chac. Phan ln a set b bien oi th sinh
Tai lieu co sinh trong he tang rat
va nen ep manh thanh a phien set mau
ngheo nan; mi ch phat hien thay t bao
xam sam, xam luc hoac xam nau, xen vi
t phan hoa la Magnastriatites howardi,
cac lp mong bot ket va cat ket, oi khi co
Verrucatosporites, Triletes, Pinuspollenites,
cac lp set voi. Thanh phan cua tap set ket
Oculopollis tuoi Eocen - Oligocen, xac nh
nay gom kaolinit, ilit va clorit, nhieu ni
theo Oculopollis (LAD trong Eocen muon)
phu trc tiep len mong (vom trung tam mo
va Magnastriatites howardi (FAD trong
Bach Ho, Rang ong) va ong vai tro la
Eocen muon). Tuy nhien, da tren quan he
mot tang chan tot mang tnh a phng cho
a tang nam tren he tang Ca Coi (Eocen),
cac va cha dau trong a mong mo Bach
he tang Tra Cu c coi la co tuoi Oligocen
Ho, N Rong, Rang ong, S T en v.v.
sm. He tang nam khong chnh hp co ni

153
tren he tang Ca Coi, co ni tren a mong.
khu vc, ac biet la t phan trung tam cua
Oligocen gia - tren
be keo dai ve pha B, ni anh hng cua
He tang Tra Tan (E32-3 tt)
moi trng bien ngay mot tang len. Trong
He tang Tra Tan lan au tien c mo
khi o, ty le cat chiem u the, xen ke set,
ta tai gieng khoan 15A-IX at tren cau tao
bot thuoc moi trng boi tch, song, ong
Tra Tan khoang o sau 2.535 - 3.038 m
bang chau tho gap tng oi pho bien tai
(Ngo Thng San 1981). Tai ay, tram tch
i nang trung tam (cau tao Bach Ho va
chu yeu bao gom cat ket hat nho en va
N Rong) va phan ln lo 16, 17 ra pha
mau xam trang, xi mang carbonat, chuyen
Tay va phan TB cua be.
dan len tren co nhieu lp bot ket, set ket
Nhn chung, he tang Tra Tan co be day
mau nau va en, xen cac lp mong than, co
quan sat theo gieng khoan thay oi t 400
cho cha glauconit. a bien oi giai oan
en 800 m, con cac ni trung co the at
catagen muon. ng cong a vat ly ien
en 1.500 m. Tren mat cat a chan, he
co ien tr suat rat cao phan di va thap
tang ac trng bang tap a chan ma phan
phan tren; con ng gamma th ngc
di la nhng vung phan xa gan nh trang,
lai. Be day cua he tang gieng khoan nay
bien o thap vi tan so trung bnh en cao,
at 503 m.
con pha tren phan xa co bien o lien tuc
He tang Tra Tan phan bo rong rai hn
tot, tan so trung bnh, bien o kha, phan lp
so vi he tang Tra Cu va co be day thay
tot. Phan pha Tay, cac lo 16, 17 tap a
oi kha manh cac vung khac nhau cua
chan co phan xa song song, bien o va en
be. Nhn chung, co le vao thi ky thanh tao
manh, o lien tuc trung bnh en tot, tan so
he tang nay a hnh co cua mong trc e
thap. Phan trung tam co phan xa song song,
Tam t nhieu a c san bang hn so vi
phan ky, vang mat cac i nang (nh
thi ky trc. Trong ieu kien co a ly nh
mo Rong), van toc lp at 3.100-3.600 m/s,
vay, mat cat he tang Tra Tan co s xen ke
ty le cat/set thap, ng ien tr suat cao.
gia set ket (chiem 40-70% mat cat, ac
Cac ac trng tren phan anh cac tram tch
biet la cac lo phan B cua be), bot ket,
am ho.
cat ket va nhieu ni thay xuat hien cac
Tuoi
Oligocen
gia-muon
cua
he tang Tra Tan c xac nh theo
lp a phun trao co thanh phan khac nhau.

He tang Tra Tan c tao thanh trong
Cicatricosisporites,
Verrutricolporites
pachydermus va Florschuetzia trilobata.
ieu kien moi trng khong giong nhau

gia cac khu vc; t ieu kien song boi
ac biet he tang cha nhieu vat lieu
tch, ong bang chau tho, am lay - vung
hu c dang sapropel vo nh hnh, dang
vnh en xen ke cac pha bien nong. Thanh
vat lieu hu c sinh thanh trong ieu kien
phan tram tch chu yeu la set giau vat
ho thieu oxy. Tnh chat nay Morley goi
chat hu c va cac tan tch thc vat thuoc
la tng sapropel trong khi phan tch
tng am ho, am lay vung vnh chu anh
cac gieng khoan tren lo 15. Ngoai ra con
hng cua bien cac mc o khac nhau,
gap nhieu Tao nc ngot nh Pediastrum,
phat trien tng oi rong rai trong hau het
Bosidinia.
154
He tang Bach Ho co be day thay oi t
He tang Tra Tan nam chnh hp tren he
400 en hn 800 m. Tren mat cat a chan,
tang Tra Cu.

NEOGEN
pha trung tam he tang Bach Ho tng
Miocen di
ng vi tap a chan ac trng bi cac phan
He tang Bach Ho (N11 bh)
xa co dang song song, bien o trung bnh,
Mat cat chuan cua he tang Bach Ho
o lien tuc kem, the hien moi trng ong
c mo ta tai gieng khoan BH1, t o
bang ven b, bien nong, nang lng trung
sau 2.037 en 2.960 m (Ngo Thng San
bnh en cao, ty le cat set thap, phan lp
1981). Mat cat gom 2 phan: phan di chu
mong. ng gamma thay oi t thap en
yeu la set ket, cat ket phan lp mong mau
cao, ien tr suat mc o trung bnh.
xam en, xam xanh, chuyen len tren ham
phan pha Tay tap a chan co phan xa lon
lng cat ket tang dan va xen cac lp bot
xon en song song, bien o trung bnh en
ket mau xam en nau. Phan tren chu yeu
kha, o lien tuc kem en trung bnh, tan so
la set ket mau xam nau chuyen dan len set
trung bnh en cao, bieu hien s thay oi
ket mau xam xanh, ong nhat, cha hoa
tng tho dan ve pha Tay.
thach ong vat bien thuoc nhom Rotalia
Hoa thach tng oi phong phu bao
nen goi la set Rotalia (chu yeu la Ammonia
gom bao t phan hoa, nannoplankton va
kch thc 1/10 mm). Be day cua he tang
trung lo thuoc cac phc he va i sau:
gieng khoan BH1 at 923 m.
- Magnastriatites howardi, Florschuetzia
Quan sat trong toan khu vc cho thay
levipoli,
Rotalia,
Pediastrum
va
Dinoflagellata:
he tang Bach Ho phat trien kha rong khap.
Botryococcus,
Phan di gom cat ket kch thc hat khac
Cribroperidinum, Apteodinium, a nh tuoi
nhau xen ke bot ket va set ket, oi ni co
Miocen sm cho he tang.
cha vun than hnh thanh trong moi trng
cac
He tang Bach Ho nam khong chnh hp
aluvi en ong bang chau tho ngap nc
tren he tang Tra Tan.
trong ieu kien nang lng thay oi kha
Miocen gia
manh t vung nay en vung khac. Phan
He tang Con Sn (N12 cs)
tren hau het moi ni phat trien set ket
He tang Con Sn c mo ta lan au
tng oi sach, cha nhieu hoa thach bien
tien tai gieng khoan 15B-1X tren cau tao
nong Rotalia xen ke cac lp bot ket, t lp
Song Ba t o sau 1583 en 2248 m (Ngo
cat ket hat nho, mau xam luc cha nhieu
Thng San 1981), gom cat ket thach anh,
glauconit. Nhn chung he tang c thanh
hat nho la chu yeu co xen 1-2 lp hat tho
tao trong moi trng bien, bien nong co
o la chon t trung bnh en kem, xi mang
xu hng tang dan khi i t ra TN cua be
la set va t carbonat, phan tren co xen t
(lo 16, 17, ra TN cau tao Rong) qua phan
lp set va bot ket mau nau, mau xam va
trung tam en khu vc pha B be (cac lo
thau knh than. Be day chung at 665 m.
01 va 15).
He tang Con Sn phan bo tng oi
Toan bo tram tch Miocen di he tang
khap trong toan be Cu Long, hnh thanh
Bach Ho phan anh mot qua trnh bien tien.
trong ieu kien moi trng thay oi t

155
He tang Con Sn nam chnh hp tren
song, ong bang chau tho (cac lo 16, 17 va
he tang Bach Ho.
TN Rong) en, am lay ven bien va bien
Miocen tren
nong (lo 9, 1, 2, 15-1, 15-2). Tnh chat bien
He tang ong Nai (N13 n)
tang dan khi i t pha di len.

Phan di cua he tang chu yeu gom cat
Mat cat chuan cua he tang ong Nai
ket hat t nho en tho oi khi cha cuoi va
c xac lap tai gieng khoan 15G-1X tren
san (gieng khoan 17-, R-4, R-6, Soi-1,
cau tao ong Nai, ni he tang mang ten
15-G), mau xam, xam trang, phan lp day
(Ngo Thng San 1981). Tai ay t o sau
ti dang khoi, o chon loc va mai tron thay
650 en 1.330 m mat cat gom nhng lp cat
oi t trung bnh en kem. Cat ket thng
ket hat nho en va, cat san ket, chuyen
cha cac manh vun trung lo va oi khi
dan len la cat ket xen bot ket, set ket va
co glauconit cung nhieu cac vun than. a
than. Co ni cat ket cha pyrit va glauconit.
gan ket yeu ti b ri bang xi mang set va
ng cong a vat ly gieng khoan phan d
carbonat. Phan tren chuyen dan sang cat
ro, the hien thanh phan hat tho la chu yeu.
ket hat mn, hat nho xen ke cac lp set ket,
Be day cua he tang gieng khoan nay la
set cha voi hoac oi khi la cac lp a voi
680 m.
mong mau xam xanh en xam luc, nau o,
He tang ong Nai co mat trong toan be
vang nau loang lo (gieng khoan Soi-1, 15-
Cu Long, bao gom cac tram tch c hnh
G, Rong-6), cac lp set cha than, cac thau
thanh trong moi trng song, ong bang
knh hoac cac lp than mong mau en.
chau tho, am lay ven bien. Tram tch ang
He tang Con Sn co be day thay oi
giai oan thanh a sm; a mi ch c
t 660 en 1.000 m. Tren mat cat a chan
gan ket yeu hoac con b ri va de tan vun.
quan sat thay cac phan xa song song, bien
He tang co the phan thanh hai phan chnh:
o ln, o lien tuc tot, tan so cao. phan
Phan di gom chu yeu la cac tram tch
pha ong cac phan xa co o lien tuc kem
hat tho nh cat hat va en tho lan san,
hn, bien o ln hn, tan so trung bnh ac
soi oi khi cha cuoi, phan lp day hoac
trng cho tram tch am lay, ong bang ven
dang khoi, o chon loc va mai tron trung
bien, nang lng cao, ty le cat/set trung
bnh en kem, thng cha nhieu manh
bnh en cao. Cat ket co xu hng hat mn
vun hoa thach ong vat, pyrit va oi khi co
hng len tren. ng gamma va ien tr
glauconit. Chuyen len tren la cat - cat ket
suat thng co gia tr trung bnh. Trong he
chu yeu la hat nho, mau xam, xam sang,
tang Con Sn a phat hien c bao t
xam pht nau, bot - bot ket, set - set ket
phan hoa va cac hoa thach bien nh trung
xen ke nhng va than lignit hoac set cha
lo va Nannoplankton gom: Florschuetzia
phong phu cac di tch thc vat hoa than.
meridionalis, Lepidocyclina (Tf2), Orbulina
Than gap kha pho bien tai cac gieng khoan
universa (N9), Calcidiscus marcintyrei ( N4-
thuoc cac lo 15, 16 va mot so ni khac.
NN19) nh tuoi tram tch Miocen gia.
Phan tren la cac a hat mn, gom cat
Moi trng tram tch cua he tang chuyen
hat nho, bot va set co mau khac nhau cha
tiep t tam giac chau en bien nong.
nhieu hoa thach ong vat.

156
Be day he tang ong Nai thay oi t
hnh thanh chu yeu trong moi trng bien
500 en 700 m va c the hien tren mot
nong va tram tch con b ri. Mat cat cua
tap a chan chu yeu co o phan xa song
he tang chu yeu gom cat thach anh mau
song, bien o cao, o lien tuc tot, tan so
xam, xam sang, xam luc hoac xam pht
cao phan anh tram tch ven b pha Tay,
nau, hat t va en tho, xen ke t lp set,
bien nong pha Bac, nang lng cao en
bot. Cat phan lp day hoac dang khoi, hat
thap, ty le cat/set cao en trung bnh. Cac
vun co o chon loc va mai tron trung bnh
lp co xu the hat mn hng len tren, ng
en tot, thng cha nhieu manh vun hoa
gamma va ien tr suat gia tr thap. Tren
thach ong vat bien, pyrit, oi khi co cac
mat cat a chan cac ng phan xa cho
manh vun than. Be day cua he tang thay
thay he tang ong Nai nam bat chnh hp
oi t 400 en 700m.
len he tang Con Sn theo kieu phu chm
Tren mat cat a chan no rat de nhan
bien tien vi 2 pha phan xa khong lien
biet bang ac trng la phan xa song song,
tuc.
o lien tuc tot, bien o trung bnh en
Khac vi he tang Con Sn, trong he
cao, tan so cao. Van toc lp at khoang
tang ong Nai a phat hien nhieu hoa
1.500-2.000m/s. Cac ac trng tren phan
thach trung lo, Nannoplankton va bao t
anh tng them bien nang lng cao, ty le
phan hoa. Dau hieu xac nh tuoi Miocen
cat/set cao, phan lp tot. ng gamma va
muon cua he tang theo bao t phan hoa la
ien tr suat co gia tr cao, xu the hat mn
FAD cua bao t Stenochlaena laurifolia,
hng len tren. Mat bat chnh hp gia he
cung vi s phong phu cac dang khac, nh
tang Bien ong va he tang ong Nai the
Florschuetzia levipoli, Fl. Meridionalis,
hien ro theo kieu phu chm bien tien vi 2
Rhizophora, Carya, Pinus, Dacrydium,
pha phan xa manh, bien o ln.
Acrostichum va Trung lo Neogloboquadrina

acostaensis
(N16),
Nanno
Trong cac lp tram tch cua he tang
Discoater
Bien ong a phat hien phong phu hoa
quinqueramus (NN11).
thach gom cac bao t phan Dacrydium,
Pliocen
Stenochlaena laurifolia va cac Foram
Sphaeroidinella subdehiscens (N19), Nanno
He tang c mo ta lan au tai gieng
Discoaster intercalcaris (NN12) a nh
khoan 15G-1X, trong khoang 250-650m co
tuoi Pliocen cho tram tch cua he tang.
the chia lam 2 phan phan di ac trng
2.4. Be Nam Con Sn
bang cat thach anh tho, xam trang cha

nhieu hoa thach trung lo thuoc nhom
(Hnh 6.5)
Operculina. Phan tren chu yeu la set,
PALEOGEN
bot phong phu trung lo a dang va
Oligocen
Nannoplankton. Be day cua he tang gieng
He tang Cau (E3 c)
He tang Cau lan au tien c mo ta
khoan nay la 400 m.

He tang Bien ong phat trien rong
chi tiet tai gieng khoan Da-IX (lo 12) t
khap trong vung, vi ac iem chung la
o sau 3.680 en 4.038 m va at ten la Cau

157
Hnh 6.5. a tang tong hp be Nam Con Sn
(Le Van C 1982). Tai gieng khoan Da-
phan Tay lo 04 cu, phan ln lo 10, 28, 29 va
IX mat cat ac trng cua he tang bao gom
cac lo khac pha T-TN cua be). Mat cat
chu yeu la cat ket mau xam xen cac lp set
ay u c tong hp co the chia thanh 3
ket, bot ket mau nau. Cat ket thach anh hat
phan chnh nh di ay.

Phan di cha nhieu cat ket t hat mn
tho en mn, o la chon kem, xi mang set,
en tho, oi khi rat tho hoac san ket, cat
carbonat. Be day chung at 358 m.

He tang Cau co the xem tng ng
ket cha cuoi, san va cuoi ket (gieng khoan
vi cac he tang Bawah, Keras, Gabus (Agip
21S: 3.920-3.925 m; gieng khoan 06-HDB:
1980) thuoc trung ong Natuna pha Nam
3.848-3.851 m), mau xam sang, xam pht
cua be Nam Con Sn. He tang vang mat
nau hoac nau o, tm o, phan lp day hoac
trong phan ln cac i nang (mo ai Hung,
dang khoi, xen ke mot khoi lng nho cac
Bang 6.4. Khai quat phan chia a tang be Nam Con Sn
L vn C
1982
Ng Thng San
1981
Agip 1980
N22
bin
ng
bin
ng
N21
N2
Bt
1993-2002
cu long
N2
N 19-N20
N2
N 13
tf 2
N 13
N 12
tf1
N1 2
Vng tu
N1 1
Da
N1 1
Da
N 11
Da
E3
Tr tn
E3
cau
E3
cau
N2
N 13
nam
cn
sn
N1 3
thng
thng
N1 2
mng
cu
nam
cn
sn
N 12
mng
cu
E 3N 1 1
158
lp bot ket hoac set ket mau xam ti xam
Cac hoa thach nh tuoi Oligocen trong
tro, nau o, hong (gieng khoan 21S) cha
he tang thuoc phc he Cicatricosisporites-
cac manh vun than hoac cac lp kep than.
Mayeripollis, Florschuetzia trilobata va
Giong nh be Cu Long, mot so gieng
Tao nc ngot Pediastrum, Bosedinia.
khoan cung a phat hien c s co mat
He tang Cau c thanh tao trong ieu
cua cac lp a phun trao xen ke (andesit,
kien moi trng thay oi nhanh gia cac
basalt cac gieng khoan 12W Hong Hac
khu vc gom lu tch, tram tch song, quat
va Hai Au, 11-1-CDP va 12C-IX), diabas
boi tch, ong bang chau tho xen ke tram
(gieng khoan 20-PH-IX).
tch am ho.
He tang Cau phu khong chnh hp tren
Phan gia co thanh phan hat mn chiem
cac a mong trc e Tam.
u the gom cac tap set ket phan lp day

en dang khoi mau xam sam ti xam tro,
NEOGEN
xam en xen ke t bot ket, cat ket hat t
Miocen di
mn en tho mau xam sang, xam xam oi
He tang Da (N11 d)
khi pht nau o hoac tm o (gieng khoan
Mat cat chuan cua he tang Da c
21S), kha giau voi va vat chat hu c cung
xac lap gieng khoan Da-1X (Ngo
cac lp set ket cha than.
Thng San 1981). Tai ay, t o sau 2.852
Phan tren gom tap xen ke cat ket hat
en 3.680 m mat cat bao gom set ket mau
nho en va, mau xam tro, xam sang oi
en, bot ket mau xam cung vi cat ket hat
cho co cha glauconit, trung lo (gieng
nho va thau knh than lignit. Phan gia cua
khoan 12C, Da) va bot ket, set ket mau
he tang cha nhieu cat ket hn, vi o chon
xam tro en xam xanh hoac nau o (gieng
loc trung bnh ti tot, oi ni cha glauconit,
khoan 21S).
pyrit, xi mang set va carbonat. Be day cua

he tang gieng khoan nay la 828 m.
Be day tram tch, ac iem phan tap noi

tren cung nh cac ac tnh cua moi tap thay
Phan bo rong rai trong vung, he tang
oi nhieu gia cac lo trong be. Chang han
Da chu yeu gom cat ket, bot ket mau xam
gieng khoan 06-HDB vang mat cac tram
sang, xam luc xen ke vi set ket mau xam,
tch phan tren, hoac mc o cha than tang
xam en en xam xanh, cac lp set cha
len rat nhieu trong cac gieng khoan thuoc
voi, set giau vat chat hu c hoac co cha
cau tao Thanh Long.
cac lp than mong. oi khi co nhng lp a
Tren cac mat cat a chan he tang Cau
voi mong cha nhieu hat vun hoac a voi
phan pha Tay the hien cac phan xa dang
mau trang xen ke trong he tang. Ty le cat/
lon xon, vang mat tram tch tren dien rong.
set trong toan bo mat cat gan tng ng
Pha ong co cac ng phan xa song
nhau, tuy nhien i ve pha ong cua be (lo
song, bien o thap en trung bnh dan dan
5, 6) ty le a hat mn co xu hng tang dan
chuyen sang phan xa khong lien tuc, bien
len. Ngc lai, phan ra pha Tay cua be
o thay oi, nang lng cao, ty le cat/set
(lo 10, 11-1, 11-2, 28 va 29) ty le cat ket
cao, phan lp day. Cat hat mn hng len
tang hn nhieu so vi cac a hat mn, va tai
tren, co mat cac lp than va set than.
o moi trng tam giac chau co anh hng

159
ang ke. Tram tch trong toan khu vc co
Qua trnh nghien cu trong nhng nam
xu hng mn dan pha tren cua mat cat
gan ay (1995-2001) cho thay co mot thc
va tnh chat bien cung tang len ro ret t
te la rat kho vach ranh gii gia cac lp
phan ra B-TB, N-TN vao trung tam va ve
tram tch luc nguyen cua hai he tang Thong
pha ong cua be.
va Mang Cau nh Le Van C (1982) a
Nhn chung cac lp cua he tang Da
phan chia au tien. Do vay, gan ay hau het
co cac ng cong ien tr suat va gamma
cac nha a chat, cac cong ty trong va ngoai
phan d tot. Phan lp trung bnh ti day, ty
nc khi nghien cu a tang noi rieng, va
le cat/set thng cao (55-80%). Tram tch
a chat be Nam Con Sn noi chung, a
hat mn co xu the chu yeu hng len tren.
xem mat cat nay nh mot phan v a tang
Tram tch c thanh tao chu yeu trong
tng ng vi cac he tang Thong va Mang
ieu kien nang lng cao va giam dan len
Cau khong tach ri.
phan tren cua he tang.
Mat cat ac trng cua he tang Thong
Tren mat cat a chan, he tang Da c
- Mang Cau c mo ta gieng khoan
the hien bang tap a chan co ac trng
Da IX trong khoang o sau t 2.170 en
chu yeu la cac phan xa song song, bien o
2.852 m bao gom phan di chu yeu la cat
trung bnh, o lien tuc kem. phan pha
ket cha glauconit va xi mang carbonat xen
ong mat cat co the chia thanh hai phan,
nhng lp mong set ket, set voi, chuyen
phan di co phan xa song song, o lien
len phan tren la s xen ke gia tram tch
tuc kem, phan tren cung co phan xa song
luc nguyen va a voi. a voi la cac tap day
song, nhng o lien tuc tot, bien o trung
mau xam trang. Be day cua he tang gieng
bnh en cao.
khoan nay at 682 m.
He tang Da co be day thay oi t 100m
Cac tram tch luc nguyen, luc nguyen
en hn 1.000 m.
cha voi phat trien manh khi i dan ve pha
Hoa thach trong he tang Da tng
ra Bac (cac lo 10, 11-1, ) va pha Tay - Tay
oi phong phu gom bao t phan hoa,
Nam (cac lo 20, 21, 22, 28, 29) cua be, bao
trung lo va Nannoplankton. Chung c
gom chu yeu cat bot ket va set ket, set voi
phan ra i Florchuetzia levipoli; i cc
xen ke cac thau knh hoac nhng lp a voi
thnh Magnastriatites howardi va cac i
mong. Cac lp tram tch luc nguyen nay
Praeorbulina (N7-N8), Miogypsina (TF1),
moi ni thng cha nhieu glauconit, cac
Helicosphaera ampliapera (NN4) la cac
hoa thach ong vat bien, ac biet la nhieu
dang ac trng cho tram tch Miocen sm.
trung lo.
Cac tram tch cua he tang Da phat
a carbonat phat trien kha rong rai tai
trien trong moi trng chau tho en bien
cac vung nang trung tam be, va ac biet
nong.
tai cac lo thuoc phan pha ong cua be
He tang Da nam khong chnh hp tren
(cac lo 04 va 05). a co mau trang, trang
he tang Cau.
sa, dang khoi cha phong phu san ho va

Miocen gia
cac hoa thach ong vat khac c thanh
He tang Thong - Mang Cau (N1 t-mc)
tao trong moi trng bien m cua them
160
luc a, bao gom a voi am tieu (tai cac
yeu la ong bang chau tho en ra trc
phan nho cao cac lo 04-A, Ma, 05-TL-
chau tho, con pha ong chu yeu la bien
Bac, 06-LT va 06-L) va cac lp a voi
nong.
He tang Thong - Mang Cau nam chnh
dang them phat trien tai nhng phan sn
hp tren he tang Da.
thap cua cac i nang (cac lo 05-TL-B-1X,

12A v.v...). Ngoai ra, trong tap a carbonat
Miocen tren
cung gap xen ke cac lp a voi dolomit
He tang Nam Con Sn (N13 ncs)
hoac dolomit dang hat nho do ket qua cua
He tang Nam Con Sn mang ten cua be
qua trnh dolomit hoa mot phan hoac hoan
tram tch (Le Van C 1982). Mat cat ac
toan cua ca 2 loai a voi ke tren.. Ngoai
trng tai gieng khoan Da-IX, t 1.868-
ac iem khac biet ve cac i co sinh th
2.170m, gom cat ket hat mn, xam trang
mc o dolomit hoa va tai ket tinh la iem
xen cac lp bot ket, set ket giau carbonat
khac biet duy nhat ve mat thach hoc e co
va cac lp a voi. Cac tram tch nay cha
the phan biet c gia cac tap a carbonat
nhieu hoa thach sinh vat bien (Trung lo).
cua he tang Thong - Mang Cau vi he tang
Be day cua he tang mat cat nay la 302
Nam Con Sn nam tren.
m.
Tren ng cong a vat ly gieng khoan
Phan bo rong rai trong be, he tang Nam
cung de dang quan sat thay s thay oi va
Con Sn co s bien oi tng a manh me
phan bo cua cac tram tch luc nguyen va
gia cac khu vc khac nhau cua be. ra
carbonat. Ty le cat/set dao ong t 40 en
pha Bac (cac lo 10, 11-1) va pha T-TN
65%. o hat chu yeu co xu the tho dan
(cac lo 20, 21, 22, 28 v.v...) tram tch chu
len pha tren. ng ien tr suat co gia
yeu la luc nguyen gom set ket, set voi mau
tr thay oi manh (2-20 ohm.m) va cao hn
xam luc en xam xanh, gan ket yeu cung
pha ong. ac iem nay cung thay ro
cac lp cat bot ket cha voi oi khi gap mot
tren mat cat a chan cua he tang Thong
so thau knh hoac nhng lp a voi mong
- Mang Cau: phan pha ong cac ng
cha nhieu manh vun luc nguyen. Cat ket
phan xa song song, o lien tuc tot, bien o
ay hat t nho en va gap nhieu trong
trung bnh en cao ac trng cho tram tch
cac gieng khoan 10-BM, 11-1-CC, 20-PH,
carbonat bien nong, con phan pha Tay la
o la chon va mai tron tot, cha hoa thach
cac phan xa song song, bien o trung bnh,
ong vat bien va glauconit, co o gan ket
o lien tuc tot lien quan en cac tram tch
trung bnh bi xi mang carbonat co ty le cao.
luc nguyen them bien.
cac lo pha trung tam ni at cac gieng
Hoa thach phong phu ac trng cho tram
khoan Da-IX, 2X, 12A, lo 05-1, lo 04-3
tch Miocen gia va thuoc i Florschuetzia
v.v... mat cat gom cac tram tch carbonat
meridionalis; cac i Orbulina universa (N9),
va luc nguyen xen ke nhau kha ro ret. Tai
Globorotalia foshi (N12), Lepidocyclina
mot so vung nang pha -N (theo cac
(Tf2-Tf3) va i Discoater kugleri (NN7),
gieng khoan 05-TLB, 06-LT, 06-L v.v...)
Discoater hamatus (NN9).
a carbonat lai chiem hau het trong mat cat

cua he tang.
Moi trng tram tch pha Tay chu

161
He tang Nam Con Sn co be day 200-
phu hoa thach bien. Phan di mat cat co
600 m va nam bat chnh hp tren he tang
xen cac lp mong cat - cat ket, bot hoac
Thong - Mang Cau vi cac song a chan
cat cha set ( cac lo 10, 11-1 va 12). Tai
the hien di dang cat lp va phu noc cac
cac vung nang nam pha ong lo 06 a
a carbonat Thong - Mang Cau vi phan xa
carbonat am tieu phat trien mot cach lien
bien o cao. Tren mat cat a chan the hien
tuc cho en ay bien hien nay.
ro vi cac phan xa song song, o lien tuc
He tang Bien ong bao gom cac tram
trung bnh en tot, bien o trung bnh, tan
tch them va ac trng bang tap a chan
so cao ac trng cho tram tch them va co
co song phan xa song song, o lien tuc kem
cac tap a voi phan ong cua be.
en trung bnh, bien o cao. phan pha
Hoa thach a nh tuoi Miocen muon
ong quan sat thay cac tap nem lan the
cho he tang thuoc cac i Florschuetzia
hien s phat trien cua tram tch them, sn
meridionalis,
laurifolia,
them. Cac tap tram tch lan dan ra pha
Neogloboquadrrina acostaensis (N16-N18),
trung tam Bien ong, phan anh sn luc
Lepidocyclina (Tf3), Discoater quiqueramus
a chuyen dan t Tay sang ong.
Stenochlaena
(NN11)
Trong he tang Bien ong a phat hien
Cac ac iem tram tch va co sinh ke
phong phu hoa thach nh tuoi tram tch la
tren cho thay he tang Nam Con Sn c
Pliocen gom Dacrydium, Pseudorotalia-
hnh thanh trong moi trng bien nong
Asterorotalia, Sphaeroidinellopsis dehisces
thuoc i trong cua them khu vc pha
(N19) va Discoarter asymmetricus (NN14),
Tay, con thuoc i gia - ngoai them khu
Discoarter broweri (NN18)
vc pha ong.
ac iem tram tch va co sinh cua he
Pliocen
tang Bien ong cho thay moi trng tram
tch la bien nong them trong phan pha
Trong be Nam Con Sn, mat cat ac
Tay, en them ngoai chu yeu phan pha
trng cua he tang quan sat c tai gieng
ong cua be. lien quan en t bien tien
khoan 12A-IX t o sau 600 en 1.900 m,
Pliocen trong toan khu vc Bien ong. He
bao gom chu yeu la cat, bot, set mau xam,
tang nam bat chnh hp tren he tang Nam
xam trang, vang nhat, cha nhieu glauconit
Con Sn.
va hoa thach ong vat bien nh trung lo,
2.5. Be Malay - Tho Chu
than mem, reu ong vat v.v, vi be day
(THEM LUC A TAY NAM VIET NAM)
khoang 1.300 m.
(Hnh 6.6)
He tang Bien ong phat trien rong

khap tren toan khu vc va co be day rat
PALEOGEN
ln, ac biet tai cac lo thuoc pha ong cua
Oligocen
be (>1.500 m). a cua he tang chu yeu la
He tang Kim Long (E3 kl)
set - set ket, set voi mau xam trang, xam
Ten cua he tang c c at theo ten
xanh en xam luc, b ri hoac gan ket
gieng khoan Kim Long -1X (o Bat 2002).
yeu, cha nhieu glauconit, pyrit va phong
Tai gieng khoan nay mat cat chuan t o

162
Hnh 6.6. a tang tong hp be Malay - Tho Chu
sau 3.140 en 3.534 m chu yeu gom set ket
cua cac qua trnh bien oi th sinh t giai
mau xam, xam nau cha bot, xen cac lp
oan catagen sm (cho cac a nam o
cat ket hat mn en va, oi khi hat tho, co
sau <2.700 m) en giai oan catagen gia-
ni kep cac lp than. Be day cua he tang
muon (oi vi a nam o sau 2.700-3.350
gieng khoan nay la 394 m. Tuy nhien, do
m) va catagen muon (cho cac a nam sau
cha khoan en mong nen cha xac nh
hn 3.350 m).
c nhng lp c s cua he tang cung nh
He tang Kim Long phan bo chu yeu
be day thc cua no.
trong cac a hao va sn cua cac cau tao
Cac mat cat cua he tang trong be chu
vi chieu day thay oi t 500 en 1.000 m,
yeu gom set ket xen ke vi nhng lp
va thng b cac t gay co hng B-TN
mong bot ket, cat ket va cac lp than, oi
va BN khong che. Tren mat cat a chan,
cho co cac lp a carbonat mau trang, cng
cac pha song phan xa cua he tang c
chac dang vi hat (52-CV-2X; 50-TV-1X).
the hien bang tap a chan co o phan xa
Tai mot so vung nang ( cac gieng khoan
khong lien tuc, bien o tng oi cao. i
51-MH, 46-CN, 46-KM) trong phan di
vao trung tam cua be cac phan xa phan lp
cua mat cat ty le cat ket vi kch thc hat
song song yeu, o lien tuc va en tot va
khac nhau tang rat nhieu so vi cac khu vc
bien o tng oi cao.
khac. Phan ln cac tram tch ke tren c
Hoa thach trong he tang ngheo
thanh tao trong ieu kien moi trng ong
nan, ch co bao t phan thuoc i
bang chau tho en ho - am lay va phan
Florschuetzia trilobata va mot vai dang
tren cua mat cat co chu anh hng cua cac
khac nh Cicatricosisporites dorogensis,
yeu to bien.
Magnatriatites
howardii,
Mayeripollis
Do b chon vui cac o sau khac nhau
nahakoteris v.v... la nhng dang thng thay
nen tram tch cua he tang chu tac ong
trong Oligocen. Tuy nhien qua phan tch

163
kiem tra mot so mau tai cac gieng khoan
sau hn 2.800 m (cac gieng khoan B-KL,
50-CM, 51-MH, 46-NC a khong thay lai
B-AQ, 52-CV v.v...).
nhng dang nay, v the tuoi Oligocen cua
Ty le cat/set trong toan he tang mc
he tang can phai quan tam nghien cu
trung bnh, o hat cua cat ket co xu the
them. Moi trung tram tch cua he tang la
mn dan len tren. ng gamma va ien
am ho.
tr suat co gia tr trung bnh en cao. Quan
He tang Kim Long nam khong chnh
sat tren tai lieu a chan thay he tang phat
hp tren a mong.
trien rong rai, co chieu sau thay oi t 900
NEOGEN
en 1.500 m, tng ng vi tap a chan
Miocen di
gom cac phan xa song song, phan di co
He tang Ngoc Hien (N11 nh)
o lien tuc trung bnh en yeu va bien o
He tang Ngoc Hien c mo ta tai
nho, con phan tren o lien tuc va bien o
gieng khoan Ngoc Hien (GK.46-NH-1X),
ln hn. He tang phu khong chnh hp tren
t o sau 1.750 en 2.526 m (o Bat 2002).
he tang Kim Long.
Tai ay chu yeu gom cat ket xen ke set
Tuoi Miocen sm c xac nh theo
ket phan di chuyen dan len tren la set
cac phc he co sinh a c phat hien trong
ket xen ke cac lp mong cat ket va cac lp
he tang gom: Magnastriatites howardi
than. Be day cua he tang gieng khoan
- Echiperiporites estaela, Florschuetzia
nay la 776 m.
levipoli,
Discoarter
drugii
(NN2),
Helicosphaera ampliaperta (NN4).
Nhn chung trong toan vung, mat cat

cua he tang chu yeu gom set ket, set ket
Miocen gia
cha t voi, set ket cha than, cac lp than
He tang am Di (N12 d)
xen ke cac lp mong bot ket, cat ket. oi
He tang am Di c thanh lap va
khi co cac lp a voi dang vi hat hoac a
lay ten theo gieng khoan am Di tai lo 46
voi cha nhieu manh vun luc nguyen mau
(o Bat 2002). Mat cat chuan cua he tang
trang, xam trang cng chac (cac gieng
t 1.000-1.465m chu yeu gom cac lp cat
khoan 46-CN, 46-NH, 50-TV, v.v...). He
ket mau xam sang, hat nho en trung bnh,
tang c thanh tao chu yeu trong ieu
cha voi hoac cac lp set voi mong xen cac
kien moi trng phan di cua ong bang
lp set ket xam trang, xam xanh cung mot
chau tho ngap nc vi s phong phu cua
vai lp than. Be day cua he tang gieng
cac lp than bun, xen ke cac pha bien nong,
khoan nay la 465 m.
bien ven b bieu hien cua s co mat mc
He tang am Di phan bo rong rai
o khac nhau cua glauconit, cac hoa thach
trong be, ngoai nhng tram tch luc nguyen
trung lo va nhieu dang ong vat bien khac.
a mo ta tren, oi khi co ca nhng lp
Mc o anh hung cua cac yeu to bien
mong dolomit hoac a voi vi hat cha cac
tang dan len ro ret phan tren cua mat cat.
manh vun a luc nguyen mau xam trang
a cua he tang mi b bien oi th sinh
en nau vang (gieng khoan 46-NH va 46-
giai oan catagen sm en au giai oan
KM). Cac tram tch nay c thanh tao chu
catagen muon oi vi cac tram tch nam
yeu trong ieu kien moi trng tam giac

164
chau ngap nc ven bien chu anh hng
nay at 407 m.
rat manh hoac xen ke nhieu giai oan bien
Cac mat cat khac cua he tang gom
nong, bien ven b. Chung mi b bien oi
nhieu set - set ket xam sang, xam luc, xam
th sinh giai oan catagen sm vi ac
xanh ti xam nau, mem, b xen ke vi mot
tnh set ket va cat ket gan ket yeu vi xi
ty le t hn cac lp bot - bot ket va cat -
mang set hoac gan ket trung bnh vi xi
cat ket (cat ket gap nhieu trong cac gieng
mang carbonat.
khoan 51-MH-1X va 46-DD-1X). Cat ket
Theo doi tren ng cong a vat ly
mau xam nhat en xam trang, xam pht
gieng khoan, ty le cat/set thng trung bnh
nau gan ket yeu hoac con b ri, phan ln
en cao. Cat co xu the tho dan len pha tren
la cat ket hat nho oi cho hat va en tho
la chu yeu.
(gieng khoan 51-MH va 50-CM), ban goc
He tang am Di phat trien trong toan
canh en ban tron canh, o la chon trung
be vi be day thay oi 300-1200 m va c
bnh en tot. Tram tch thng cha phong
phan anh kha tot bang tai lieu a chan,
phu hoa thach bien (ac biet la trung lo),
c ac trng bang cac phan xa song
oi khi co cha glauconit (gieng khoan 51-
song, o lien tuc va en tot, bien o trung
MH, 46-PT v.v...). oi khi cung co mat cac
bnh en ln, tan so cao. Phan di co o
lp mong dolomit va a voi vi hat (gieng
lien tuc kem hn va oi ni the hien trng
khoan 50-TV, B-KL v.v...). Set cha than
song hon hp.
va cac va than thng xuat hien phan
Tuoi cua he tang c xac nh bang cac
di cua mat cat. Nhn chung ty le cat/set
tap hp co sinh thuoc phc he Florschuetzia
thap, cat thng co xu the hat tho phat trien
meridionalis - Fl. levipoli; i Orbulina
phan tren.
universa (N9), Globorotalia fohsi (N12),
Tren mat cat a chan he tang Minh Hai
Discoarter kuglerii (NN7) va Discoarter
c ac trng bang tap a chan co ac
hamatus (NN9).
iem la cac phan xa song song, o lien tuc
ac iem tram tch va co sinh neu tren
kem, bien o va tan so trung bnh phan anh
chng to he tang am Di c hnh thanh
tng am lay ven bien. Phan ay ni tiep
trong moi trng tam giac chau chu nhieu
xuc vi he tang am Di thay kieu phu
anh hng cua bien nong ven b. He tang
vat bien lui the hien quan he bat chnh hp
nam chnh hp tren he tang Ngoc Hien.
gia hai he tang. Be day cua he tang thay
Miocen tren
oi t 30 en 500 m.
He tang Minh Hai (N mh)
Trong he tang a phat hien bao t phan
3
1
He tang Minh Hai (o Bat 2002) c
hoa, trung lo va hoa thach Nannoplankton
mo ta tai gieng khoan Minh Hai (51-MH-
thuoc
1X). Tai ay t o sau 690 en 1.097 m
Stenochlaena laurifolia - Anthocerisporites;
mat cat chu yeu gom set ket xam xanh,
i Neogboquadrina acostaensis (N16-N18);
xam sang xen cac lp cat ket hat mn en
va i Discoarter quiqueramus, Discoarter
tho mau xam sang, m uc va xen t than
bergreni (NN10-NN11), nh tuoi Miocen
lignit. Be day cua he tang gieng khoan
muon cho tram tch cua he tang.

165
phc
he
Fl.
meridionalis
bi cac ai dng va he cac cung ao, nui
He tang Minh Hai c thanh tao trong
la khac nhau.
moi trng bien nong chu nhieu anh hng
Hau het cac be tram tch e Tam them
cua nguon luc a. He tang nam khong
luc a Viet Nam eu co mot lch s phat
chnh hp tren he tang am Di.

Pliocen
trien a chat tng t vi cac be khac
ong Nam A lien quan en qua trnh hnh
He tang Bien ong gap be Ma Lay -
thanh va phat trien cua Bien ong t Eocen
Tho Chu, gan lien vi qua trnh hnh thanh
en ngay nay. Cac be e Tam nay c
them luc a Bien ong nh a c e cap
lap ay bi cac tram tch am ho, chau tho,
trong cac be neu tren. ay, he tang c
bien them, bien m (Hnh 6.7) do qua
ac trng bang set, bot mau xam, xam xanh
trnh phat trien chung chu anh hng cua
mem deo xen cac lp cat b ri, chu yeu hat
cac bien co a chat khac nhau.
nho, oi cho hat va en tho, ban goc canh,
Nghien cu chi tiet thanh phan tram
ban tron canh, chon loc tot cha nhieu hoa
tch, co sinh... cua cac be neu tren, lien he
thach ong vat bien (trung lo, than mem,
vi a tang tram tch e Tam trong toan
reu ong vat v.v...). Mat cat he tang Bien
khu vc, co the nhan thay rang tram tch
ong cac vung khac nhau cua be, t vung
e Tam phat trien khu vc Bien ong
ngoai ra vao vung trung tam co the lien he
co nhieu net tng ong. Nhng iem o
kha de dang vi nhau, cung nh vi cac be
c coi la cac tieu chuan c ban lam c
lan can qua tai lieu a chan. Trong be Ma
s e lien ket a tang tram tch e Tam
Lay - Tho Chu he tang c anh dau bang
them luc a Viet Nam va khu vc Bien
tap a chan c ac trng bang cac phan
ong. Chung a c thong ke trong bang
xa song song co o lien tuc, bien o va toc
Cac tieu chuan lien ket a tang tram tch
o trung bnh en cao. He tang nay phu bat
e Tam them luc a Viet Nam va khu vc
chnh hp tren he tang Minh Hai .
Bien ong (Bang 6.5).
He tang Bien ong phan bo rong
cac nc trong khu vc nay, cac thanh
khap trong be va co be day tng oi on
tao tram tch e Tam phat trien kha rong
nh khoang 400-600 m. Hoa thach thu
rai ca at lien va them luc a. Chung la
thap c thuoc phc he Dacrydium;
oi tng quan trong cua a chat dau kh
va i Pseudorotalia-Asterorotalia, i
nen nhieu be c nghien cu chi tiet ve
Sphaeroidinella deshicens (N19-N21); va
a tang. Thang a tang e Tam co u cac
i Discoarter, Helicosphaera (NN12-
phan v a tang t Oligocen en Pliocen.
NN15).
mot so be co cac phan v Paleogen va

Eocen.
3. Lien ket a tang tram tch e Tam
S o lien ket gia chung c the hien
them luc a Viet Nam
tren s o lien ket a tang tram tch e

Tam them luc a Viet Nam va khu vc
Tren bnh o cau truc, Bien ong nh
Bien ong (Hnh 6.8).
mot phc be ln sau cung phc tap, phan
Theo s o nay th thang a tang e
ngoai cung cua Bien ong c bao quanh

166
Tam Trung Quoc c chia ra nhieu phan
Hoang Hai (Yellow Sea) va them pha
v a phng vi cac tng tram tch va
ong, trong Miocen van phat trien rong rai
cau tao mat cat khac nhau. Phan thap cua
cac thanh tao ong bang ngap nc va am
thang (Paleogen, Eocen) hau het cac be
lay ven bien. Trong cac mc a tang khac
la cac thanh tao luc a (song, ho) va luc
nhau ay co mot so hoa thach ac trng
a ven bien. Rat t ni a co yeu to bien
phat trien pho bien ca cac be e Tam
trong Eocen nh them luc a Bien ong
cua Viet Nam va cac nc khac nen mot so
Trung Quoc. Yeu to bien tang len bat au
trng hp viec lien ket khu vc co nhieu
t Oligocen. a tang Neogen gom chu yeu
thuan li.
cac thanh tao cua tng bien khac nhau.
Philippin va Indonesia, cac phan v
Tuy nhien, mot be nh Subei - Nam
phan thap cua thang a tang e Tam co
Hnh 6.7. a tang tram tch e Tam them luc a Viet Nam va khu vc bien ong
167
Bang 6.5. Cac tieu chuan lien ket a tang tram tch e Tam them luc a Viet Nam
168
Hnh 6.8. S o lien ket a tang tram tch e Tam them luc a Viet Nam va khu vc bien ong
169
ni vang mat, ac biet la Paleogen, co ni
No co nhieu net gan vi cau tao cua cac
vang mat ca Eocen va Oligocen di. Trong
mat cat Bac be Song Hong va Cu Long
khi o, cac tram tch bien phat trien manh
ve tng a co a ly va hoa thach bao t
t Oligocen va lien tuc cho ti e T. Ngay
phan hoa.
trong Oligocen a gap cac tng bien sau t
Nhng bc tranh a tang cua cac be
them ngoai en sn luc a. Trong Miocen
a tao nen s lien ket tong hp gia chung
phat trien rong rai tng carbonat tng t
vi nhau cung nh gia chung vi cac vung
nh Nam be Song Hong, T Chnh - Vung
phu can. Chnh chung a cho ta khai niem
May cua Viet Nam. Pliocen co cho la bien
ve s hnh thanh va phat trien cua tram tch
sau, co cho la bien nong. Hoa thach phong
e Tam, mot qua trnh gan lien vi s phat
phu cho phep phan chia chi tiet cac mat cat
trien cua a chat them luc a Viet Nam
va lien ket a tang a phng va khu vc
noi rieng va khu vc Bien ong noi chung.
thuan li.
Qua trnh a dang va thu v nay co the c
Thang a tang e Tam Malaysia
khai quat theo ba giai oan sau:
cung tng t vi Indonesia va Philippin,
3.1. Giai oan trc tao rift
cac phan v di cung cua thang a tang
(Thi ky trc khi hnh thanh cac be
e Tam (Paleogen, Eocen va ca phan thap
tram tch e Tam).
cua Oligocen mot so be eu vang mat,
Cac tram tch trc e Tam a c
nhng khac biet vi chung la cac thanh tao
phat hien rai rac trong cac gieng khoan, con
carbonat bien nong xa b kem phat trien.
tram tch Paleocen hau nh cha phat hien
Trong khi o cac thanh tao bien sau lai rat
thay them luc a Viet Nam. Tuy nhien
phat trien va phat trien lien tuc ti e T.
lien he vi a chat khu vc va cac tai lieu
Tren c s phong phu hoa thach bien, thang

a tang e Tam Malaysia trong nhieu
a vat ly co the khong loai tr s ton tai rat
trng hp c phan chia kha chi tiet theo
han che cac tram tch Paleocen vi chieu
thang a tang i. Thang nay gom ay u
day mong trong cac trung rat hep.
cac phan v a tang Neogen bien vi nhieu
ay, Paleocen chnh la thi ky chuyen
i trung lo, tao voi ien hnh cua dai nhiet
tiep gia hai giai oan van ong tao nui Yen
i. ac iem nay cho phep lien ket a
Sn (Jura-Creta-Paleogen) va Himalaya
tang khu vc co c s tin cay.
(Eocen-Oligocen-Neogen). Ket qua c
Thai Lan, cac tram tch e Tam
phan anh bang hai phc he kien truc hoan
c nghien cu tng oi chi tiet la trung
toan khac nhau: Phc he di (mong cua
Pattani thuoc be Malay - Tho Chu. a tang
tram tch e Tam) lien quan en cac thanh
e Tam ay ch co mat cac phan v t
tao Paleozoi-Mesozoi, b uon nep, bien v
Oligocen ti Pliocen vi cac tng bien
manh, va phc he tren (tram tch e Tam)
(chu yeu la bien nong) va luc a xen ke.
bao gom cac tram tch luc nguyen, luc
Rat co the vang mat cac phan v Paleocen
nguyen voi Kainozoi t b bien v va phat
va Eocen. ay la kieu mat cat a tang e
trien lien quan chat che vi s hnh thanh
Tam cua cac be vung bien nong gan b.
phat trien cua cac be tram tch tren them.

170
3.2. Giai oan ong tao rift (Eocen-
tch set mang nhieu tnh bien, co kha nang
Oligocen)
la cac tang sinh, chay thanh hai dai khong

lien tuc t lo 112-114 va t lo 115-118 keo
Vao au Eocen, do anh hng cua cac
xuong 119-120.
pha au van ong tao nui Himalaya, cac
Trong khi o be Cu Long, hoat ong
t gay sau co phng tay bac - ong nam
sut lun manh dan t Tay Nam len ong
c hnh thanh t trc e Tam tiep tuc
Bac, hnh thanh 3 i tram tch ke tiep nhau:
hoat ong tr lai, trong o co cac t gay
t tam giac chau chu anh hng nhieu cua
Song Lo, Song Hong, Song Hau, tao nen
song ho en i trung gian va cuoi cung
nhng a hao hep nhng rat sau c lap
la i tam giac chau chu anh hng nhieu
ay bi cac tram tch vun tho kieu molas
cua bien cha vat chat hu c sapropen, o
(cuoi, san ket, cat ket a khoang mau tm
la nguon goc tao nen a sinh dau phan bo
o he tang Phu Tien va Ca Coi) co be day
trung tam va phan ong Bac cua be. Con
ln phan anh mc o phan d a hnh cao
phan than cat phat trien trong cac tram tch
va nang lng tram tch manh. Ket qua cua
delta co o rong ti 10-20% chnh la cac a
nhng hoat ong kien tao kieu nay lam
cha quan trong.
cho lc tach gian ngay cang manh, va en
Khac vi be Cu Long, be Nam Con
Oligocen, hoat ong cua he thong t gay
Sn, vao thi ky Paleogen co nhng sut
sau theo phng ong bac - tay nam (Vung
sau hn so vi bien m, v vay tram tch
Tau-Con Sn) cung tang. Cac hoat ong
Oligocen ay chang nhng ac trng bi
tach gian cua Bien ong a m ra cac be
tng long song bai boi va chau tho ( pha
tram tch cua them luc a va c ngan
Tay) ma con ac trng bi tng ven bien
cach bang i nang khu vc. Nh vay tren
cha vat chat hu c sinh dau trung tam
thc te la cac tram tch Oligocen a c

thanh tao ong thi vi qua trnh tach gian
va pha ong cua be. Cac a cha lien quan
va sut lun.
en cac than cat ca song va tien delta va
mien vong Ha Noi, cac tram tch e
ra pha Tay cua be. Tuy nhien ay cung
Tam c thanh tao trong ieu kien luc
ch la cac a cha co o rong t trung bnh
a va phat trien thanh cac dai hep cua cac
en kem (o rong 10-15%).
tram tch luc nguyen tho pha Bac va ra
Nh vay vao thi ky Eocen-Oligocen,
ong Bac, con cac tram tch mn thng
cac thanh tao tram tch c hnh thanh
la set giau vat chat hu c sinh dau thanh
cung vi qua trnh sut lun gay ra bi cac
dai hep chay t trung tam en lo 103 roi
hoat ong tach gian Bien ong. Do a
theo hng keo dai vao trung tam cua be.
hnh thay oi va lun chm khac nhau a tao
Chung c thay the dan bi tng cat, bot
nen nhng s thay oi tng t song ho
ket ven b.
en tam giac chau ven bien. ay la nhng
phan them luc a mien Trung, cac
phc he tram tch ong tao rift. Qua trnh
thanh tao Oligocen thng lien quan en
nay ket thuc bang chuyen ong dng tao
cac tng tram tch am lay va ven bien,
nen be mat bao mon khu vc cuoi Oligocen
nam ben canh cac khoi nho cao. Cac tram
quan sat thay tren them luc a va khu vc

171
phu can. Tuy nhien, cung co be giai oan
Rotalia ( be Cu Long), va Ammonia (
nay phat trien ti Miocen sm va cung co y
be Song Hong).
Nam be Song Hong (trung Hue - a
kien cho rang be Nam Con Sn giai oan
hao Quang Ngai) va be Nam Con Sn, tram
ong tao rift phat trien en Miocen gia.
tch bien ven b, bien nong lai chiem u
3.3. Giai oan sau tao rift
the. Qua trnh phat trien cua cac tram tch
a. Thi ky phat trien va m rong cac
tng a voi bien nong a tao thanh cac
be tram tch e Tam (Miocen sm -
i lien quan en nhng khoi nang trong
gia)
bien m, sach va kh hau nong am, keo t
Nh a noi tren, sau giai oan tao rift,
lo 115 en lo 118-119 (trung Hue - a hao
ve c ban cac bon trung va cac dai nang
Quang Ngai) hay khu vc tiep giap gia
tng oi va cac ho sut a c hnh thanh.
lo 04-05 va pha ong lo 12 (be Nam Con
Hoat ong co tnh chu ky tr lai cua tao nui
Sn).
Himalaya vao au Miocen sm a tac ong
Giai oan phat trien va m rong cac be
gay anh hng en cac chuyen ong nang
tram tch e Tam a tao nen nhng tang
len va ha xuong mang tnh khu vc. Qua
cha dau kh quan trong, o la nhng doi
trnh sut lun, oan vong cua cac bon trung a
cat, than cat lien quan en cac tram tch

ca song, hoac tien chau tho trong cac tram
c hnh thanh trong Oligocen nay lai tiep
tch trc delta. Mat khac, tang cha co y
tuc m rong cung vi cao trao bien tien khu
ngha khong kem phan quan trong, trong o
vc. Tram tch Miocen sm a phu chong
cac khoi a voi nt ne, lien quan en cac
goi tren cac tram tch Oligocen va chu anh
tram tch voi am tieu bien nong nh a ke
hng ke tha be mat a hnh a c tao
tren cung c hnh thanh.
lap vao cuoi Oligocen.
b. Thi ky xoa nhoa cac be tram tch e
ac iem tng tram tch Miocen

sm-gia chu yeu la cac thanh tao luc
Tam (Miocen muon)
nguyen va luc nguyen carbonat trong o
Vao thi ky Miocen muon, mat cat tram
co cha hoa a ong vat bien (Trung lo va
tch tng tam giac chau va bien nong b
Nannoplankton). Ro rang chung c thanh
thu hep dan, thay vao o la cac tram tch
tao trong ieu kien delta, bien ven b va
luc a (nh he tang Tien Hng), hoac tnh
bien nong. Tuy nhien, s tien hoa tram tch
luc a ngay cang tang (nh he tang ong
trong tng be cung c phan anh vi mc
Nai). Cac tram tch delta va bien nong thu
o khac nhau.
hep dan, ch con thay trung tam be Song
be Song Hong va Cu Long, qua
Hong (ngoai khi), trung Hue - a hao
trnh phat trien cac tram tch mang nhng
Quang Ngai, trung tam be Cu Long va be
net tng t, cac pha bien tien tang dan t
Nam Con Sn.
Miocen sm en Miocen gia, xen vi cac
Cac a cha thuoc Miocen tren chu yeu
tram tch delta va bien tran vao cung vi s
la tng long song, bai boi, ap cat ca
m rong cua tam giac chau va cao trao bien
song, doi cat thuy trieu va tng cat tien
tien rong rai hnh thanh lp tram tch cha
chau tho, bien nong. ay la cac tang cha

172
tot, ong thi cung la cac oi tng quan
ay, tao nen s thong nhat cua them luc
trong trong tm kiem-tham do dau kh, bi
a Bien ong va khu vc ong Nam A.
v ngay tren chung la tang set chan khu vc
Tom lai, qua nhng ac iem ve a
(he tang Bien ong).
tang Kainozoi cua them luc a Viet Nam
Co le giai oan nay lien quan en cac
va mot so nc lan can, thay rang tuy moi
chuyen ong nang trong toan khu vc, tao
be co ac thu rieng, nhng ac iem cau
nen be mat bao mon gia Miocen gia va
tao cac mat cat cua cac be eu the hien net
Miocen tren, ong thi tao nen phan ln
chung cua lch s phat trien a chat khu vc
nhng uon nep trong Neogen.
trong Kainozoi. ieu nay lam cho viec lien
Giai oan Miocen muon co the xem la
ket a tang va khoi phuc lch s phat trien
giai oan xoa nhoa hoat ong m rong cua
tram tch Kainozoi co nhieu thuan li.
cac be tao nen be mat bao mon pho bien
ay chnh la ket qua anh hng hoat
them luc a Viet Nam.
ong tach gian va phat trien cua Bien ong
c. Thi ky hnh thanh them luc a
oi vi cac be tram tch Kainozoi trong khu
(Pliocen)
vc. Anh hng nay cung khong che quy
Vao thi ky Pliocen, hoat ong bien
luat hnh thanh va phan bo khoang san, ac

biet la dau kh cua Bien ong, trong o co
tien bat au anh hng va phat trien rong
dau kh cua cac be tram tch Kainozoi them
khap khu vc Bien ong.
luc a Viet Nam.
Tram tch Pliocen phu tren mat bao
Tren ay la nhng net c ban ve ket
mon nh mot bat chnh hp goc ac trng,
qua nghien cu a tang tram tch Kainozoi
chung bao gom cat, bot xen ke, gan ket yeu
them luc a va at lien Viet Nam. Vi
en b ri cha glauconit va vo cung phong
mot khoi lng ln cac tai lieu co sinh,
phu hoa a ong vat bien (Foraminifera va

Nannoplankton). Cac tap tram tch the hien
tram tch, a vat ly a c thu thap, phan
ro ac tnh phan lp nghieng, thoai, song
tch, s ly cung vi cac ket qua tong hp
song hoac xien cheo vi chieu day tang dan
a chat, a vat ly trong qua trnh tm kiem
ve pha trung tam va c m rong vt ra
tham do dau kh, nhng ket qua nghien cu
khoi khuon kho cac be.
a tang a c cap nhat bo xung va ngay

cang chnh xac.
Tng tram tch bien cung phan thanh

nhng i ro ret, chu yeu la them bien
ay la nguon tai lieu rat phong phu,
nong, trong o be Song Hong va Cu Long
can thiet khong ch trc tiep cho nghien
chu yeu la i trong va gia cua them con
cu a tang ma con la tai lieu c s cho
trung Hue - a hao Quang Ngai co s xen
nghien cu a chat, a vat ly noi chung va
ke nhng chu yeu la i gia va ngoai.
a chat dau kh noi rieng Viet Nam cung

nh khu vc phu can.
Co the noi rang toan bo them luc a

Viet Nam co s thong nhat va phat trien
Tuy nhien do nhng han che ve tai lieu
trong thi ky Pliocen, o la giai oan phat
nghien cu thieu ong bo, cac gieng khoan
trien them luc a, san bang, xoa nhoa cac
thng at cac i cau tao nang nen t khi
anh hng cua hoat ong a chat trc
gap u mat cat cua cac n v a tang nen

173
chung toi thay con nhng ton tai can thiet

phai nghien cu va lam ro hn:
S ton tai va phan bo cua cac tram tch
Paleogen ac biet la tram tch Paleocen
va Eocen.
S bien oi tng tram tch trong cac
n v a tang va moi lien quan cua
chung vi s phan bo, phat trien cua
cac tang sinh, cha, chan dau kh.
Moi quan he gia a tang vi hoat
174
ong kien tao nham gop phan lam sang

to lch s phat trien tram tch.
Hy vong trong thi gian ti, cung vi s
phat trien cua a chat dau kh, nhng
van e neu tren tng bc c quan
tam giai quyet.
Tai lieu tham khao

1. Berggren W. A., 1972. Neogene
chronostratigraphy,
foraminiferal
zonation
Vietnam. HCM city.
plantonic
and
10. o Bat, Phan Huy Quynh, 1993. a
the
tang tram tch e Tam them luc a
radiometric time scale. W. H. O. I., part
Viet Nam. Lu tr VDK.
1, contr. N2373.
11. o Bat, Phan Huy Quynh. 1996. Bao
2. Blow W. H., 1969. Late Middle Miocene

to
recent
planktonic
cao nghien cu a tang cac gieng
foraminiferal
khoan mien trung Ha Noi, Vnh bac
biostratigraphy. Intern. Conf. Plankt.
Bo, mien Trung, bon trung Cu Long
Micro fossils, Geneve 1967. Leiden.
va Nam Con Sn. Lu VDK.
3. Bolli H. M. 1985. Oligocene to Holocene
12. o Bat, 2000. a tang va qua trnh
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Chng

cac tram tch b phu, khong trc tiep quan

chia cac n v a tang va oi sanh chung

sat c, cac gieng khoan xa nhau, ty le

vi nhau. C s e giai quyet nhiem vu nay

mau loi rat han che v.v... nen e xay dng

chu yeu c da theo Quy pham ve a

cot a tang tong hp cua tng gieng khoan,

tang Viet Nam - 1994 va Hng dan a

tng vung, tng be tram tch va lien ket vi

tang quoc te - 1993, 2000.

khu vc phu can chung toi a phoi hp s

Do ac iem cua vung nghien cu la

dung cac phng phap nghien cu thach

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

a tang, sinh a tang, carota va a chan

hp trong chuyen e nay se cho bc tranh

a tang, nham khac phuc iem yeu va bo

toan canh a tang tram tch e Tam them

xung cac the manh cho nhau gia phng

luc a va at lien Viet Nam.

phap nay va phng phap khac trong

2. a tang cac be tram tch e Tam

nghien cu a tang. Viec tong hp nay se

2.1. Be Song Hong

Cac phan chia thach a tang la n v

a. Mien vong Ha Noi - Vnh Bac Bo

c ban. ac iem cua chung c xac

(BAC BE SONG HONG)

nh bang cac tai lieu tram tch, co sinh

Tuoi cua cac n v a tang da theo

tai lieu co sinh

He tang Phu Tien (E2 pt)

Ranh gii cua cac n v a tang thng

Mat cat chuan c Pham Hong Que

ac trng cua cac mat bat chnh hp,

mo ta tai GK.104 Phu Tien-Hng Yen t

cac n v a tang thng da theo cac

o sau 3.544 m en 3.860 m va at ten la

tai lieu a chan.

iep Xuan Hoa (1981) bao gom cat ket,

Lien ket a tang gia cac vung da

theo tuoi tram tch c xac nh theo

lp cuoi ket co o hat rat khac nhau t vai

tai lieu co sinh va theo doi cac tap a

cm en vai chuc cm. Thanh phan hat cuoi

chan a tang mang tnh khu vc.

thng la ryolit, thach anh, a phien ket

Ket qua nghien cu a tang tram tch

tinh va quarzit. Cat ket co thanh phan a

e Tam cua cac nha a chat trong va

khoang, o mai tron va chon loc kem, nhieu

ngoai nc trong thi gian qua c tong

hat thach anh, calcit b gam mon, xi mang

Hnh 6.1. a tang tong hp Bac be Song Hong

calcit-sericit. Bot ket ran chac thng mau

mong trc e Tam. Tuy nhien, no ch

tm cha sericit va oxyt sat. Tren cung la

c theo doi tot vung vnh Bac Bo. Tap

lp cuoi ket hon tap mau tm, mau o xen

a chan nay co cac phan xa bien o cao,

cac a phien set vi nhieu vet trt lang

tan so thap, o lien tuc t trung bnh en