— Name: Period: Energy, Work, and Power Energy and work are interconnected—one can make the other. Ce | Work uses energy. It takes energy to move things. Energy can make things work. Energy Energy is stored work. A battery can store energy to make things work whenever you want. Energy ean eause forces, Work can ereate energy. ‘which can cause motion, Tacrgy h Work” A generator uses work to make energy, which can do work. ao which can be stored to do more work. rk ae Fors (newton) I you push harder (more foree) Wet —» W = Fd ‘you do more work. Work is defined as a Gao) EN dsxance Ifyou push longer (more distance) force applied (moved) ‘inmate ‘you do more work. through a distance. Work equals force times distance Ex: You push a 1000 newton car 5 meters To do work, a force has to be ‘How much work did you do? in the direction of the motion. W 1000 NSO m) ‘d a None ofthis foree does alot this force IN Svork oone ors 5,000 Goules) ds work etait py paral the motion. (Doing 5.0005 of work that pushes parallel J takes $,000 J of energy) All ofthis force im Ex: How much work does a kid do while sitting ‘does work (iis The kid weighs 45 N. ieee 1N— motion). No work — the kid is not moving. (d = 0, W = 0) Wea Workin ‘A machine that works faster (in oP Jess time) is more powerful te rnetin seen) How fast you do work Amore powerful lightbulb gives is called power. If Power equals work divided by time. ‘offthe same amount of ight, you work faster, you Fd (work, it just does it faster use more power. Pasting nthe work equation: P TEx: You do 120 joules of work in Bx: Two gu lif two 40 N rocks up a 5m staircase. Bob does iin 10 seconds 2 seconds. How much power did you use? Joe does it in 20 seconds. Compare their work and power. W= 120 Bob: F=40N;d=Ssp:t- 108 : = 205 t= 2 sec Le W= Fd= 40N(Sm) sm w re Nn) ip Pp? alee P= Wit = 200/108 t= 200205 OW) (same as alight bulb) They do the same amount of work (200 J), but Bob uses more power (20). view. asd nev'smurray Copyright © 2004, C. Stephen MurrayPeriod: ch. 533 TEticiwsy BA Unis refers Cle. 2. Law of ConserS vation of Energy Ratio of work out to work in (how good a machine or energy transforma- tion is). A ‘transformed. ‘What kind of Energy? Thermal; Nuclear; Radiant; Mechanical; Chemical; Electrical © Stored in food, R Given oftby the sun M.A car going 50 mph, TA fie’s eat R Asis tio A ball is thrown up into the ir. When it gets tothe very top, fiat kind fener ot have? Mecanical~ po teythial When it falls half-way back, e kind tie does it have? meclanical - Kineti Just before it reaches the ground, what kind sa does it ‘A ball on top ofa hill C- the energy in hydrogen E_ Used to run a clock. T. anotstove N_ vnnimin reson What does the Law of Conservation of Energy sy about the sr ganda es meen vas oe eGua drial be eel ane ce (So PE +! e Sar kg bal is throv into thea. rr is ee thrown, How much potential energy wilt have atthe top? Pes mgh = amv? = KE Cayuuola) =45T ‘Ad kgball son aS m ledge. IFitis pushed off the ledge, how ‘much kinetic energy wil ithave just before hing the ground? eal mv? = mah = PE al (ulate) dex Trthermal( JA. Energy ofthe atom being split or fised. 2.Nuclear 3.Radiant D) 4. Mechanica Energy of moving electrons. Heat energy. Also caused by friction Light energy-—electromagnetic radiation. Energy (kinetic or potential) stored in S.Chemical F ]"" object and can do work Energy of molecular bonds ‘What energy is transformed from what to what when you turn on a flashlight? hem - electrical aechical-> radiant 4-ner ‘A 25 kg ball is thrown into the air. When thrown itis going. to EY CSO") Y, (2500) \250T ‘A|3 kg rock sits on @ 0.8 meter ledge. Ifits pushed off, how fast will it be going atthe a Pe=(3481)(0-8) 23.544 = %4(3)v" [S64bav~ Um/s 2V You are pushing a 20 N object for 3 meters. IF you have wo push ea tee Taam Covtl 30(3) = aoe (irl Efe = West Wat yo? gp HlO0= o1y, ren aisd necismurray Copyright © 2004, C. Stephen MurrayPeriod: _ Ifyou know how fast it was going at the bottom, you can caleulate how high AILE, Ch. 5:3 Momentarily stops moving at On" top, $0 no Ey. Law of Conservation of Energy: “Energy is never created nor destroyed, just transformed into other forms of energy.” itwillg. 7 x : sy be transformed, th Ifenergy can only be transformed, then, bal thrown into the air Sy forany objet being thrown into the air or dropped: keeps all of its energy Its energy is constantly E, = Ex OR 5 being transformed. \ mgh = (1/2)mv’ 12 Ey At the top it has on W2E, ‘The potential energy atthe top top it has only equals the kinetic energy at the bottom. 12 E, potential energy (E,); at 1/2 Ey . abcd \ the bottom it has only \ Kinetic energy (Es). Ex. At kg ball is thrown into the air. reaches a height of \ 7 1.8 meters. How fast was it going when thrown into the air? \ 0 AndEy=E. 7 \ ‘ “The Law of Conservation of Energy says that ‘ ¢ kg the E, atthe top = Eat the bottom. Ifyou know how u Sm’ a ae whit vase tp, ‘Atthe bottom tore 19) | ane curzms ont) | Youcan cele thereisnoneisht, |" aes goingat te bottom, AI, s°n0 2eh Energy Transfo [No one really “makes” energy: it has to come from somewhere. And no one really “uses up” energy: it has to go somewhere, The energy is transformed from one form to another. HOE = (fire) ~ fs SF wood can be ‘burned to make t electricity, which t ‘can make light and ‘grow more wood. % g “ty, + ABuoua Although this diagram may lead you to ink that energy canbe changed fom one form to another perfectly, that notte Some energy always ends up as forms we don’t want, soit seems to be “lost”, as in fiction. This is known as “inefficiency”. ew asd net/smurray (Chemical Energy—Stored in chemical bonds; includes food, plants, and batteries (which produce electric- ity by combining chemicals). Mechanical Energy—Energy of an ‘object's motion (Ek) or position (Ep), which can become work. Electrical Energy—Energy from ‘Thermal Energy—Heat energy; the end moving electrons; what we ‘product of many transformations. Nuclear Energy—Energy from radia- tion (atom decay), fission (splitting atom), or fusion fusing ‘generally think of as “energy”. Radiant Energy—Light energy; actually electromagnetic radiation ftom light bulbs atoms); makes huge amounts of energy. or the sun (actually the source ‘of most power on earth. Wak on a Input work is always less than the | ORS —m EAE x 100 utput work. Friction aliays takes a portion. A perfect Work in iachine woul be 100% co efficient, bt it doesn’t exist Cars are around 15% efficient; bicycles are around 95%, Efficiency equals the Work (or Energy) ‘out divided by the Work (or Energy) in ‘multiplied by 100. Ex Ifyou we 20 ]F, = 15N;d= 3m] EFF = Waa/W,, x 100 to push a 15 N Eff = (45 1/60 3) x 100 object 3 meters, A= (.75) x 100 how efficient was Eff 75% efficient ‘your work? (iction took 25%) Copyright © 2004, C. Stephen MurrayPeriod: Ch. 1 1. For Fy, 30N 8w 2.Wor E= 405 ON 3MA= va 0 4p Mot. 23m 5.d=, ih tee 24 emis 6.P= Ww 0) Mor, Las, oF the Serve amount of Work? TAL You use more ore wo move an oben S Voutitts 201 objec aster LE. Vou rise an objec shor height L. Voumoves lighter object M. You move an object farther. More oF Less Power? TH An engine an it an object faster Le someone takes more ime to push ca. IM You take the same amount of ime todo more work IML Same distance; same time; more free. ‘You move a 25 N object S meters. How much work did you do? We Fd? 2545 = 257 ‘You carry a 20 N bag of dog food up a 6 m fight of stairs. How We FA>2oxb = 1203 ‘You push down on a 3 N box for 10 minutes. How much work was done? OT - ex was not moved | ‘You use 35 of energy to move a 7N object. How far did you wie ws a om 7) 2.Pover C. s.work AY ssoules B > Uses energy and can create energy. “The units for energy and work, The rate of doing work (faster work uses more of this). oF Has the ability to create forces; stored work. = Is the person doing work? IN. when holding « book in their hands? NN. When pushing hard against a brick wall? YL en waking ope sine ‘You do 45 J of work in 3 seconds. How much power do you poe 8 Be [5 Ts> [Bw ‘A car uses 2,500 Joules in 25 seconds. Find power. w ,2500 — t° 96 26 7 l00w ‘A 60 watt ight bulb runs for 5 seconds. How much energy does ituse? We Pt = GoxS > 3005 You push a 10 N object 10 meters. How much work was done We Fd= 10 *10= (90 7 JOn the same obj with 15 N to me Ww I5 x 10> 150 5 ‘What was the difference in the work to move the object and the | work you do? bo ay more Why wasthere a diteenee? YES. YT www. aisd.net/smurray Copyright © 2004, C: Stephen MurrayPotential Energy Potential Energy is energy of position. An object gets potential energy from height, mass and aravity. An object with potential energy has the potential to do work. This potential is only teleased ifthe object falls. ‘The energy is then trans- formed into energy of motion or transformed into work. More mass = more E, More height = more E, More E, ch.5:2 __ Potential and Kinetic Energy mas (in klograms) Potential Tne — E, (indoukes) Tigh + feet inne TK ccelertion ae 10 frig (98s) Porential energy equals ‘mass times gravity times height. And since Fy. mg, then Ey = Fh Les ‘Ex: How much potential energy does a 4 kg object ‘have that is S meters off the ground? B= mgh h=5m (4 kg) 10 m's3V(S m) g-loms Sm) E-? Potential energy helps us generate electricity in hydroelectric dams. When the waterfalls, sgravity belps tum energy of height 10 clectrical energy Kinetic Energy is energy of motion, An object gets kinetic energy from its mass and velocity [An object with kinetic energy has energy stored in motion. ‘When the object slows down the energy is released into potential energy (if going up) or some other kind of energy (like heat [thermal energy] inthe brakes of car). More mass = more Ey More velocity = more Es More Fa, More Ex 10 m/s ne => eww: asd nec/smurray ae ye nen) cnoney Ex = CA) Kinetic energy equals one-half times ‘mass times velocity squared. Ex: How much kinetic energy does 1210 kg object traveling 3 m/s? Kinetic energy helps you bike up ahill, The ‘energy of motion helps ‘you overcome gravity. The faster you are ‘moving, the easier it is to get up ail. Copyright © 2004, C. Stephen Murrayaw TiKineic (0 JA. Uses energy and can create energy cle Smile mR |* nermiates irom 2.Potenial = |p. How far above the ground an object is — 1m, 8m tes ed rergy of tion. — a a.work A, |: Energy of moti : i D. Units for energy and work. se, fascutes D Sh E. Energy of poston. te (6 En B ayo ps Accaris traveling 45 > ‘a rocks oma ledge 5 meters high (N25 mass or CO Kg pass atthe top oF ahi? SE a cari resting tthe top of ‘cara thoy OF the Ror the botom ofa hill? KA tani troum inthe scan is stl moving A plane onthe ound or panto a2) KE A vat rting onthe ground, an empty plane (both are fying)? Circle the one with more Potential Energy Circle the one with more Kinetic Energy ‘A 4 kg rock is rolling 10 my Fiat Kt xe KE=% mv? = Yo(u)lio*) = 2007 25 kg mass or going mis. Two 10 kg masses, one Gu 75 nvs)one going 4S m/s /A8 kgecat is running 4 mvs. How much kinetic energy does it Fe ee Yornvt = i (a)u?) >@4d ‘A rolling ball has 18 joules of Kinetic energy and is rolling 3 mvs. Find its mass. m= _18 Cee” PE m= m= Bye 2 Wk \Caleulate the potential energy of a 5 kg object sitting on @ 3 meter ledge. PEsmgh = =(5)(4.81)(8) = (UTD AArock iat the op of «20 meter tal il. The rock has a mass ‘of 10 kg, How much potential energy does it have? PE =mgh >(10X9.81)(20) = 1402T ‘A 25. object is 3 meters up. How much potential energy does be have. (Hint, notice the units of the object.) h=Wh =(25)(3) rent ho How high up is a3 kg object that has 300 joules of energy? ee pe ates ew. aisd net/smurray Copyright © 2004, C: Stephen Murray A-4 kg bird has 8 joules ofkinetic e mee fastis it fying? | yz ver pn r oe \"= tye N= em Find the work done by a 25 N force applied for 6 meters. WeFd = Z5X6)= 1505"Period Date WORKSHEET: KINETIC AND POTENTIAL ENERGY PROBLEMS 1. Stored energy or energy due to position is known as —— energy. 2. The formula for calculating potential energy is Mgsh 3. The three factors that determine the ampunt of potential energy in gn pblect are a OT ile “ond 4. Potential energy is measured in units ot ofisulee 5. Mass must be measured in units we lpe : 6. Gravitational pull must be measured in units of 7. Height must be measured in units of i // 8, Calculate the potential eneray of a rock with a mass of 5: Ke that is 27 m high. Pe=mgh = = (654 SIN2T) = 4,561 J 9. What distance is a book om the floor if the book contains 196 Joules of pot Aen ang has a meee of i4 fe Be. nye ae Bi) 4m fi ‘An autorsébile is sitting on a hill which is 20 m higher than ground level. Find the mass of the auomonie ifit sara 362,600 J of potential energy. - 4.§1)(20)n_ = IGG ky m= B32 eet 5 St 11. Energy of motion is known as energy. V 2 12. The formula for calculating kinetic energy is “ZV. 13. The tg foto that dete factors that determine the amgunt of kinetic energy in an object are = Mad and peli 14, Kinetic energy is measured in units of 5 kg while sitting on’ a tential 15, Mass must be measured in units of _ . 16, Velocity must be measured in units of Energy, Work and PowerName Period Dat re en 17. Calculate the tenetie enero of the rock in problem #8 if the rock rolls down the “an yi a velocity of 8m, kez Vomy? = 12 (©5XS*) = Meo T 18. Calculate the kinetic eneray of a truck that has a mass of 2900 kg and is moving at 55 m/s. Ke = Vy (2900557) = 4 A8b,150 5 19. Find the mass of a car that is traveling at a velocity of 60 m/s North. The car has 5, o }00 eed: kinetic energy. (5,04G.000N2) = 2800 kg 20. How a is a ball rolling if it contains 98 J of kinetic energy and has a mass of 4 kg? LL = Vs Ke. FB yg = Taf, hm Tal) Energy, Work and PowerKINETIC AND POTENTIAL ENERGY WORKSHEET Name:, Determine whether the objects in the following problems have kinetic or potential energy. Then choosé the correct formula to use: KE= 1/2 mv? | PE = mass x gravitational acceleration (9.8nvs*) x height OR Weight X Height Energy= joules Weight= Newton Mass= kilograms Velocity= m/s Gravitational acceleration= (9.8 m/s!) 1. You serve a volleyball with a mass of 2.1 kg. The ball leaves your hand with a speed of 30 m/s. The ball has energy. Calculate it KE= Yornv® = 2 (2.1)(30") quot 2. A baby carriage is siting at the top of a hill that is 21 m high. The carriage with the baby weighs 12 N. The carriage has poitahial energy. Calculate it. Pe=mgh =(\2)(21) = 2527 3. A car is traveling with a velocity of 40 m/s and has a mass of 1120 kg. The car has Z ne } C energy. Calculate it. Ke = i (2) 40") = 84,0007 4. A cinder block is sitting ona platform 20 m high. It weighs 79 N. The block has Fzrte whi energy. Calculate it. Pe = (74)(20) > 1580 ‘5, There is a bell at the top of a tower that is 45 m high. The bell weighs 190 N. The bell has, energy. Calculate it. Pe =Ciaoy(ys) = 3550I6. A roller cogster is at the top of a 72 m hill and weighs 966 N. The coaster (at this moment) has paentol: energy. Calculate it, Pe=(b0)(72) = 64,5525 7. What is the kinetic energy of a 3-kilogram ball that is rolling at 2 meters per second? Ke=4(2y(2*)= oF 8. Two objects were lifted by a machine. One object had a mass of 2 kilograms, and was lifted at a speed of 2 m/sec. The other had a mass of 4 kilograms and was lifted at a rate of 3 m/sec. } | a wie had more kinetic 1 while it was being lifted? 1 2 ke, = /2(22") Ke, = A(4y(3") 4S CBD b. Which object had more potential energy when it was lifted to a distance of 10 meters? Show your calculation, object two has more Pe because the mass js Greater,Igama (in Zulu) = Weekend Roller Coaster Physies Homework Directions: solve for each of the variables below using the data T provided. The major formulas are to the right that we practiced PE=mgh KE=5 me with this week. Remember: the energy in = energy out. Use today’s notes. uPe= 1402 5 2pe-AYIZI 3rc- OF are= 1062S xE- 0 J xe= 4905 xee{4@2T xe-_400T me=14025 = we=-1925 so e-1902T me-1A 27 v=_Om/, v= 4s — Ams n-_ 2m : @Pezmgh Oy: ve @k Yay a 7 “tool 81) (3 Yow Ve= Yolst)[36) =[ay23 axle ve idee. Ke 4003 a Lez Me-Pe 15 your ee “iqen-uIE N= Al bebe (soft *440r ee ve Ke, Ha > * TAG ve Umls5. There is a 5kg plum-bob in the picture. Its tied to a fixed point above, is then pulled up and let go from a height of 3 meters. Determine the velocity of the swinging object at 6 o'clock (bottom of the pendulum’s arc). Remember: PE=KE and that will help you find the velocity! I! 5 T Fo (De =(5)(4 si) “OB ve? HW ? . we, 1. 54 Pes IUTY 2 Me VP N= 8 m/s 6. The skateboarder below is traveling below toward a half-pipe ramp. pE= 4200, He has a speed and a mass, determine all the variables shown next to. xg. QT. each position of the rider. Remember: ME = PE + KE at each location! wn I 134 @ es @e: Pet He oe Ke: Me- Pe - {90 ty - (Ajo- 584 (eai(etl) BUY Ke = em” 2, Ve > Tm/sN\ Do Now: Solve for each of the variables below. Silent problem | \solving. Nee 93SY ee 93SY wee BISY KE= kes 230Y kes 1¥4 PE= QASYy PE= O pe- 1570 Sugg ae