K thut siu cao tn-Gii thiu

K thut siu cao tn-Gii

thiu
Bi:
i hc Bch Khoa H Ni

Khi nim
Khi nim siu cao tn c hiu ty theo trng phi hoc quc gia, c th t 30 MHz
300 GHz (1) hoc 300MHz 300 GHz (2),, hoc 1 GHz 300 GHz (3)
Cc di tn s
V tuyn sng ngn 3 30 MHz

S band

2 4 GHz

Pht thanh FM 88 108 MHz

C - band

4 8 GHz

VHF TV (2 4) 54 72 MHz

X band

8 12 GHz

VHF TV (5 6) 76 88 MHz

Ku band 12 18 GHz

UHF TV (7 - 13) 174 - 216 MHz

K band

18 - 26 GHz

UHF TV (14 - 83) 470 - 894 MHz Ka band 26 - 40 GHz

L vi ba 2.45GHz

U-band

40-60GHz

* V tn s cao di microwaves nn l thuyt mch c s khng cn hiu lc, do pha

ca p dng thay i ng k trong cc phn t (cc phn t phn b).
* Thng s tp trung: l cc i lng c tnh in xut hin hoc tn ti mt v tr
xc nh no ca mch in. Thng s tp trung c biu din bi mt phn t in
tng ng (phn t tp trung Lumped circuit element), c th xc nh hoc o c
trc tip (chng hn R, C, L, ngun p, ngun dng).
* Thng s phn b: (distributed element) ca mch in l cc i lng c tnh in
khng tn ti duy nht mt v tr c nh trong mch in m c ri u trn chiu
di ca mch. Thng s phn b thng c dng trong lnh vc SCT, trong cc h

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K thut siu cao tn-Gii thiu

thng truyn sng (ng dy truyn sng, ng dn sng, khng gian t do) Thng
s phn b khng xc nh bng cch o c trc tip.
* Trong lnh vc SCT, khi so snh c vi kch thc ca mch th phi xt cu trc
ca mch nh mt h phn b. ng thi khi xt h phn b, nu ch xt mt phn mch
in c kch thc << th c th thay tng ng phn mch in ny bng mt mch
in c thng s tp trung n gin ha bi ton.

Lch s v ng dng
- Lnh vc SCT c coi nh mt chuyn ngnh c s, c nn mng c pht trin
trn 100 nm v c bit pht trin mnh do cc ng dng trong radar.
- S pht trin ca k thut SCT gn lin vi nhng thnh tu trong lnh vc cc linh
kin high frequency solid state devices, cc mch tch hp SCT v cc vi h hin
i.
- Maxwell (1873) trng in t Heaviside (1885 1887) l thuyt ng dn sng
Heinrich Hertz (1887 1891) th nghim ng dn sng Radiation Laboratory
Massachusetts Intitute of Tech. (MIT)
* ng dng:
- Anten c li cao
- Thng tin bng rng (dung lng ln), chng hn rng bng 1% ca tn s 600
MHz l 6 MHz ( l rng ca mt knh TV n l), 1% 60 GHz l 600 MHz (cha
c 100 knh TV). y l tiu chun quan trng v cc di tn c th s dng ngy
cng t i.
- Thng tin v tinh vi dung lng ln do sng SCT khng b b cong bi tng ion.
- Lnh vc radar v din tch phn x hiu dng ca mc tiu t l vi kch thc in
ca mc tiu v kt hp vi cao li ca angten trong fair SCT.
- Cc cng hng phn t, nguyn t, ht nhn xy ra vng tn s SCT do
k thut SCT c s dng trong cc lnh vc khoa hc c bn, cm bin t xa, chn tr
y hc v nhit hc.
* Cc lnh vc ng dng chnh hin nay l raar v cc h thng thng tin:
- Tm kim, nh v mc tiu cho cc h thng iu khin giao thng, d tm ha tin,
cc h thng trnh va chmj, d bo thi tit
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K thut siu cao tn-Gii thiu

- Cc h thng thng tin: Long haul telephone, data and TV transmissions; wireless
telecom. Nh DBS: Direct Broadcast Satellite television; PCSs: Personal
communications systems; WLANS: wireless local area computer networks; CV: cellular
video systems; GPS: Global positioning satellite systems, hot ng trong di tn t 1.5
n 94 GHz.

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