[fSgciaTa Ge PainoTEnaor|
AMILIEYS!A coPtutr ag)
BiBLioTEca
Chance
Hope & Health
for the
Alcoholic Family
Sharon Wegscheider
Soience and Behavior Books, Inc.Patrick, Sandra, and Deborah, Contents
‘who gave me support, encouragement,
and understanding during my yeas
|
coruataagh
of writing eisLioreca
Pacer by Vigne Slo °
Perewerd by Keath Wilions, MD 8
Prologue 4
Pree ”
1. Od Mit New Init ”
| 2 The Whale Peon Model =
5. Aston of «Family “
sienna ame ‘Twe swank oisEAae
ipa 8 hb Seen nf ai a 4 The Adition Spi *
Eye Sort Re ge $ the Family Dene *
‘io ty ecb scd oy
ian" ssneanr | re rawtey nous
Uber of Cn Ca Ct Naber 830
6. The Enabler &
7 The Heo 104
| 8. The Scapegoat 16
9. The Last Chi a
sa The Mascot 76 / convents
1a, Intervention
1. The Continuum of Case
13, Primary Cae
4 AterCare
15, Recovery Unlined
16 AN aba Treatment Ally
17, The Whale Counselor
Exar for Heater Fanos
The Whole Peron retary
Ides
150
6
170
4
25
os
x6
54
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.
(the nay people to whom Lam indebted fr help in waiting
book, I wad Iie to pve special vention:
Pace Kelings, wn cotsibtd lng hou of ting and ering she
ued er expertae sed rent apd imapation fo weave ap at
‘il be undrtood and appected by many.
Don Wepiheder, wo spent many burs wing ting and sharing
with pe a Teepe the stents of the Bok, he made an ivahble
‘eatin
Vig Seti, who gave me suppor and beeved in me before I beled
in my her ting and mrtrance guided me developing the coments
presented bere
Wheelock Whine, whe encouraged me t we my knowledge aout
fay ste fora ete undertanding of rper stems seh a indy,
‘lust, ad comantes i ding we Rave oe to reste bealer
‘Siote fo which fans can work ad prow
Thee Whitey, who andro my fay concept and phish Lng
‘before they were ace exteniely byte trate Bel her encourage
tent ive me bope even times of avery
Anne Raclond, my mse, who ang with my brother, my site, ed
sme staged though ow fly fle with ool rough he eso
Ince love Ilsa great dea stout fly togetherness, 2 lesan Oat
‘tdci he ploy of ts Book8 1 Aebrowldements
nil Reland, my fe, who lt hi et the dae of oli,
| am bleed with emai of is wah and lve fo which Ta tbe
‘ching and sents
Deli, Bab, Elaine, FS, Ro, Evie, Let, Jas, Dic end Mon, lat
‘sends wh, daring the pst few ja of bard wok, npeditatleshedaes,
sand ting offre, hve een conten cle to me; with them
Ths nied, cred, desmed and paved
To them ll my warmest thanks
Foreword
BY VIRGINIA SATIR, M.S.W.
ey Tp aman Syne Crt
ihe apa Ct Ft They
We nas 4 10 about stress thee days—how wide-
spread it what serious health problems it causes, what canbe done
tout it But actualy we Americans ofthe twentieth century did't
lent stress. Its been around a Tong time. I suspect that every human
bringin every time and place hat experienced test of ne sort or
another
"The paticulr circumstances that cause stress vary according to
‘one's age, cutie, socioeconomic status, and other factors, but they
tly come downto 2 few basis, such a:
balance "Too much work and too litle play, for instance, an
lead to feling of Being overburdened. Some put of the elf steal all
the time and energy wile other parts ao valued, have no chance for
expression a all,
‘Conflet When two strong yet apparently ineconcable needs
come into conic, 2 peron fel trapped and helpless. ("l must aways
‘ake the right decison, yt here here it no ight decison,” Or," must
‘ver safer aks, yet hee 1am bound to lose one ting othe othe.”)
‘Suniel needs. One person may be threaten by esonomie worries
“Af Kdon't have money, 1 die) another by il health ("TF my boy
isn't functioning wel il die"; stil another by feeling alone, aba
Sowers tr Seah fol member cn
Sunnie of spree ba fr pects wich wl
teins te cc te tthe cw wh sila”
No wonder mot fates feel they hae no alternative batt ide
the truth aften cen om one another and endure the melon pin
that my family id many year 2g.
‘Among most helping profesosh,of couse those old notions
tv lng ser dtappearel They rei ta the hol eemney
it saflotng fom + dagnoable, popes, utinatcy atl diewe
‘Therein permanent ere for ta reaper away acl the net
dii-but fan be ase and with proper hth setae ean
trata heath snd obi Tester conceal oer the eo are
tow ponding sch be,
Fry yer research has led to evel any paternity
pattem that predposes one fo alecholn. About te oly lable bast
Terproliting the ods fiction the presence of oother colic
pectin the fay (And hoe ods are hgh)
chav, however, i preicabl nce the dseve proces takes
covet It allows pater thi at bone al oo amar fo seh
‘ert, providing vse manifestation ofthe gal but acleating
Clamtegaton of the wile penon tat the mark of alah Even:
tally evey human potentials detoyed.
"bM Wison, fonder of A, seed this when be described is
aohaom as tnceprenged tess pc metal and spa
‘Vemon Jobson, sao of ui Tomar, ae emotional othe
1s Tn my on work with sleooly and Ur amy ave fund
that ell (el) powe nd Sori teractions ae ae aflsted, So
fs baka the whole pean i this book we wil be considering
3 penal potent
‘Wie we ean ste the individual to talk aboot him, we mst
“om agony tnt hen Qf Si oA
15 ae i Nw Yeh NY. Ha Roms ai oe
‘we FE a Soman Row You NY: Bae 6 Roy
(OU Nth, New Isighs / 29
remember that he actualy lives in a contest, mest often within family.
‘There the various members interact dynamical, complicating the pi
ture mmensrably and contributing to ether the growth ox te dst.
tion of exch inva. Not so many years ago we would have found this
proces far too complex to understand. In the pat twenty yar, hom
er, much hs been eamed about the items, rules, nd communica
tion pattems that determine what gos on ina amy.
Fundamentally the family sasstem, just as2 machine oa human
body is In the interests oftheir own pertonal survival, the members of
the family assume behavior pattems that will maintain a balance (ho-
‘meosasis) in the stem. A distorted balance sch a occurs when one
‘member starts becoming dependent ona chemical, cases psyehoogial
and/or bilogcl symptoms inthe other members
‘Alcohols sufer fom very low selfworth, A a result, they are
incapable of either maintaining 2 healthy marriage relationship or eo
‘couraging children to develop high self-worth, both of which require an
adult who feels secure about his. own worth. Son each family members
‘rowing sense of worthlessness feeds every other member’. Without
‘outside help the entire family will Begin to show symptoms of one Kind
‘or anothe:—some remarkably ike thse ofthe aleoholi, In time they
wil follow the same long, slow path to personal disintegration, both
individually and asa family unit Even if the aleclie eventually gets
profesional help it wll probably come too late to prevent damage to
the reat of the Fay.
‘As eal a5 1969 a study documented that pathological drinking
‘becomes integrated into the family system and leads to predictable,
compulsive behavior, both in individal family members and in the
lnteactons among them.* Between 1973 and 19741 worked with some
4000 people in over 600 families, andl came tothe tame concaion,
‘Statistics have sine confrmed ou clinical cbeervtions. For exam
le, one study reported that 52 percent of the alcholic inthe sample
were themselves children of alcohlis® When we remember that an
‘timated 15 to 17 millon chen inthis eountry have an sleoblic
patent and countless more have parent addicted to some other dus.
the immensity of the rik is dese
“rtm, oti Me. GoRol ent Dl Now Yh Ae
oa Stee
ae 2h De a lin Ace Win te Now!
co Women te ted Ba NG oe To ae i a peye /- tHe concerrual FRAME
Becoming akobolc themsehes is only one of many hazards for
thee eldren, Another study found thet among the nonalcoholic wives
of alcohols, 60 percent had fad an aleshalie father”
‘Sill another study, published in 1976, examined a whol range of
problems i loool children, Comparing them ta oatol group of
hieen whose parents were considered disadhantaged but nt alec,
‘the researchers stated that "in every way the children ofaleaholis are
‘wore off than their counterparts
‘Thyce times a6 many children of aloholies had to be placed in
foster homes (31 percent 0 11 percent)
Twice as many marved under the age of sateen (6 percent to 3
percent).
«Fever dlinguency was mach higher (50 percent 33 percent
“Teas many were mental il (ar pent to 1 percent
1 Stes were attempted by ome cilden of aot tnt by
‘those of the disadvantaged (7 percent to o).*
‘The destructive interaction een the ool nd hi amy
not of cere noneay eet Avcterfamy member besome nght
ti the dea they begin fo aves eee to he alec:
By the tine he evil dss way t's tenet center, his
ach a number fod esos orig the fam, oly
forthe patents walle
+ Famiy members ar cfen hep in ong or oto the
Ist obtained from the patent
< Family eer ae satel ore ily than ost peopl tobe
hole tnewseles ad thu to ae! the patient excl the
Sane way he fect them
«+ Rance eqn proves toe aetna or chi
cal" thn the pati agin nerting a stg inne on
‘eter not he eer
von ftaly men ar sber and tively bey, ome
lo thm nconeutyenable the patent dependcrey, po
detain and mang ase testes mach mre cle
Inthe fc fal this evidence, both lineal and emp it seems
surprising that worker i he flo alcool have Been 0 Sow to
See rea Aca TB Bim en ie
sn Fore
OU Noth, New Insights / 99
accep it 8a family dicose and provide teatment accordingly. The
‘magnitude ofthe poblem in terms of physical and mental es, dln
‘quency, economic cot and sheer human sufering overwhelming.
In the ls fv yeas, however, an increasing numberof alcoholism
counselors and others have begun fo appceiate the importance of treat
fing the family along with the alcoho, and an increasing number of
lucatient centers have begun to offer programs for dong 0. The See
nd rea Rep the US, Cogs o All ad ey aed
family theapy "the most notable current advance in the area of poycho
therapy fr sleholsm,"*
Although te effects of family treatment om individual families ean
be seen almost at one, it may be many years before we can fully
appreciate ts broader benefits. Since we are dicovering tht fries
‘who have received treatment do not develop new chemical dependen-
cs, amily treatment maybe ou est hope for preventing aleoholiom and
drat dependency inthe next generation
In the chapters tht follow, we wl look fst atthe healthy person
and the healthy family, then consider what happens to them 3s one
‘member becomes dependent on a chemical We wil examine what are
‘aming tobe recognized as clasicrols in the drama of chemical depen:
dency and watch asthe various family members play them out to their
inevitable conclusion in ether treatment or tragedy
‘Then, turing to brighter things, we wil tak about the new ap-
proaches t family treatment that are now bringing heath and happiness
back to chemically dependent file aftr they had thought all hope
was gone Treatment strategies, fom initial work with fay members,
throgh intervention to help bring the dependent person to testment,
to the final phases of aftercare and secovery—all will come in for
attention. Finally we wllok at the role ofthe counselor, the challenges
that working with chemically dependent fails presents, and the techy
igus and personal qualities that wil help him mect thre challenges
fictive.
ee Sinn Eni i Fay rae Apo si ap
sg tie press pet ned Cn No Ros A a
‘oS ede Auch Aba tl Nlen a
|rarsr» cor.
a
receThe
Whole-Person
Model
Woreruen we choose to woik with one diet or 2
whole family, eur basic concern as counselors and therapists is the
individual person. After al, the family’s sole reson for being isthe
‘welfare of indvidal members
aly in our counseling careers, my husband, Don, an I sensed our
need to have acer picture ofthe healthy, fll functioning peron i
‘we ere to help a client move toward becoming one. We discussed this
‘vestion often, discovered that our mental pictues were very mu
alike, and began to develop what we cal the “whole person concept
4 made that | find as fective with chemically dependent fame ax
‘Don doce with families in other kinds of sees. We ss it both in
sessing cient’ problems and strengths, and in planing appropate
treatment ths also proved to be a valuable tol for helping cents to
‘understand themeles
‘Very simply, this more shows that, just as ental of 2 given
‘compound have certain umber of facets, cr Hower ofa given species
Jhaves certain numberof petals, so the human person has certain funds
‘mental dimeasionf being —Icl them personel potentials, Within tis
framework, however, there ia grat deal of room for inva variation,
inclading the posbity that one or mae dimensions may have fled Yo
evelop propery or may have Been damaged after development
Tn the beginning of our evolution aa separate species, mankind was
ro doubt dependent chity on his physical capacities, as most other
‘mammals are. But through tens of thousands of years we have gradually
The Whole Posen Medel / 35
EMOTIONAL,
SL
‘The Whole Penan Whee
| ceed ater sides to sures, nt tay, nour rest sa of
Sil, seene Stel pra ota plese
SCIAP my as ee
pom cr eet dee bam
Weide pee thew pron gone ene
sgt yi dea sell wo
ISSR ci ee wel ss al ely pat
| evisu nn tt ta
tot te mal ing ad here weal ne
lintel rf pr tert ae
(eycto cy ch pal tn ea Ste
‘SaDaE ema y ke ng gael eo
i wea rs nowt te cic swe ces
Shar as sng edt ne act em tae oo
fein ov
Tn hee station ow eng ad evr he
re me oem a ape tg se
Tut Aloe hy rt panera key draa /- tHe concerrvat raat
iblites fr relating to himself other persons, hs environment, and the
Universe. Let ws take a cle look teach of them.
ach of ws is born with a body. The one we have is uniquely our
conn, ae of posits that no other human being shares. It provides
‘oF withthe horizons of what we can experience and what we ean
accomplish physical if we choowe
‘Some minimal amount of physical potential is necessary for us
simply to survive as living creatures, bu is value goes fr beyond tat
tis ou fist in of contact withthe word around us. Te holds al of our
receptors for perceiving whit is ot there, an al of ou equipment for
responding to what we find. Its the foundation of health, suength,
‘eadurance, siftnes, agility, dexterity, grace, beauty, energy, seni
Sensory awarenes, communication, and mach moe.
‘Allof our ater potentials mst rely onthe physical to bring them
‘the information they need and to tant their functioning into prac
cal expression. But the physial potential isnot totally independent
tither- One can se immediately how volitional power ight affect
Ineath, remational power veriory awarenes, or inced all of he other
potential night act, sa, beauty
‘A well-developed physical potential canbe our key to many ofthe
satisfactions of life. Seving 2 loved one's face, hearing beautiful musi,
‘making love, creating a work of at enjoying nature—neary every ple.
furable experience has atleast some measure of physical functioning
Involved. The body can perceive itself a well s the wer around it, 30
itean moniter its own wellbeing and enoy is own functioning, 2 in
dancing or sports Tecan even nd satisfaction in the absence of Fane:
tioning-—in res
tis obvious, however, that pleasure isnot the body's only potential,
Tecan alo be a source of pin, Which we experience depend in part,
ofcourse, on chance and our natural endowment. But no one is bor
without leas sme postive potential, and most of us have fa or
than we ever tap. Usually, the pleasure or pain our bodies give us is
rent of how we use what physical potential we ave. When we exper-
ence pain, ether physial or emotional, frm our physical funetioning,
the chances are ether that we have never developed our potenti uly
or that, once developed, it has ben allowed to deteriorate
‘Deterioration of al aspects ofthe physical potential is rarely seen
The Whole Penor Medel / 33
so dramatically as inthe victims of aloholisn As thei disease pro-
frewey, the accompanying stress brings about a sow erosion of the
Dhyscal potential, not onl ofthe victim but ofthe ene family. (This
[sin adaition tothe devastating pharmacological ets ofthe chemical
fan the victim.) To the obervant profession, illness, overweight, and
other physical symptoms in any of the members are warning signal that
‘dependency ay exist somewhere inthe family, Conversely, when tat-
‘ment it underway, the pial potential can be used as a bse for
festorng some ofthe penal stifaction that have been lacking in
these peopl’ lives for so lng
Developing the emotional potenti unlike the physi, calls for no
nurturing, no practice The whole range of emotions springs naturally
in each of us, ving fe zest and favor. We have only to alow them,
‘whatever they maybe, to sito the Full ight of consciousness and then
‘se them in positine, healthy ways Simple as that may sound, it turns
‘out to be no easy matter.
‘Emotion i just anoter word for feelings—our inner sespanse to
both inner and outer events, We all hve feelings any person who acts
45 if he didnot, seems tous lithe more than a robot. The popular
student, the suecsfl salesman, the beloved fend ae all Hkly to be
people who are at ease with ther emotions, nether hiding them nor
Bring conrlled by them.
However they may admire another who responds to them with
feeling, many people nevertheless find their own emotions a source
of fear Not knowing how else to handle them, they rest to pretend
ing thee feelings do not exit. This estichlke solution would not work
for long if the game had t be played continuously at a conscious level
But, a every therapist knows 80 well, the human unconscious leans
quickly how to block uncomfortable emotions before they ever appear
fn the seen of conscioue awareness Thus the gume goer on and
Sometimes even appears to succeed—but the cost of paying is high
Feelings, honesty Felt give if its pulse and coor. They allow that
pat of ourselves that we experience as human to reich out and relate
‘ynamicaly to the material world and the humanity of hove around us
Being in touch with them ithe mot reliable barometer foe peso
realy at any given moment opening us to valuable intuitive insight
Diretly expressed, feelings give us credibility, let others now36 / rwe concerruat pean
whee they stand with us, and generally inspire trast. Responsibly ex
pressed, they make others fel se, knowing that our exotion® wil
nether be allowed to run wild nor be bottled up unt the explode The
‘emotional potent thus channeled and hamesed can provide an eve:
flowing wellpring of enery to power the action that will convert our
fe choices into realities
Al these gilts are est tothe person who refuses to rik facing his
fecings, Furthermore, he mist invest great amounts of energy ie
straining the natal presueof emotion to make themsees manifest
Part of his fea les in the pain that experiencing certain feelings
can bring; he doesnot realize that the pain caused by not experiencing
them i far wore, Prt o isin a bei that certain feeling are bad
ae that hei bad to fel them; he doesnot realize that al feelings are
healthy and that only the way one expresses them can be “bad,” or
unhealthy, Yet another source of earls in is realization ofthe power
of fecings and his doubts about his ability to contol them. While this
lat fear may have some bassin tality, most people ca, with help, God
heathy ways to expres any emetion, no matter how powerful. Its the
‘counsel’ jo to provide that help
Faced with a strong emotion, each of ws has a numberof choices
in deciding how to respond. Some are healthy some are not. Lt ws
suppose fora moment that someone hus publicly insulted me. Instantiy
feel embarassed, hurt angry: My face fhe, my skin feels pricy,
ny teeth clench, there ia surge ofenegy in ny arms and shoulders
face the problem of how to respond, Some of my choices are to:
‘punch the insler in the nose, releasing my anger but ding litle
‘shout my hurt and possibly adding to my embarassment
slnglt hit in return, which is merely punching him with words
instead of fits.
«say and do nothing now, but cary the anger around, nursing it and
‘throwing sal it of ia the inslter whenever I have a chance
+ deny all ny unpleasant felings and pretend that nothing has hap-
pened
‘These ar all unhealthy choices. They either make the situation worse
Dbyarusing the same unpleasant feelings in the other person, o he fal
1o give me an outlet for my own feelings and hence allow them to
accumulate dangerously, evr ready to explode when a new station
brings the presture of additonal emotion
‘But these are not my only alternatives [also may choose to
‘The Whole Peon Model / 37
«tl the insult then and there hw I fel, but without acusing him
‘of anything or inelting im in return.
«wait until a more appropriate time and then tel im how 1 fe
‘retain from either verbalsng o acting on my feclings, but ind
‘ome oter way to give ven othe energy the have aroused in me,
‘These reall ealhy choices. They acknowledge that both e and 1
have fedigs, and they attempt to make us both a comfortable 2,
posible. Which I choose in any given situation will depend pon the
Sreunstanees,
'As people discover that they need not beeps victims of theic
motions as they arn to make fever ofthe unbealthy choices and mere
‘ofthe healthy ones, they begin to enjy the rewards ther emotinal
potential ean bring
None of us realy lives alone, We may not share our home ot
apartment, but we ll share 2 neighborhood and nation, an ofce or
factory or claoom, a cub or a church congregation. Some of our
greatest problems len our contacts with other people, and so do some
four greatest joys. To be cut of from all contact with other, 25 n
solitary confinement, i viewed by many people as torture.
‘We draw onthe socal potential in even out most supedicial res
tioships—with our work associates, our butcher and ou banker, all the
‘various individuals in various roles whom we encounter casually in y-
‘day living Its funetionng welt can make all hose contacts more
pleasant and efetive In our society considerable impostance is given
to developing this levelof the cal potential tearing sls that make
‘us attactive to oters and enable us fo manipulate fe situations to out
sdrantage, The emphasis ir not so mach on the quality of the inter
change a on what we can get fom i
Unfortunately, that focus does not teach—in fc, it dsourages—
qualities ike hones, openness, intimacy, compason, or cooperation
Yet these are the aspects of the social potent that are absolutly
ezentil fo forming and deepening the mere important relaonships in
‘our lives, eelationship with spouses and children and parents, with
{einds and loves, with il those who tly matter ts. As professional,
we are constantly ecng the result ofthis inability to form and maintain
‘eltionshipe. It shows up in chemical dependency, divorce, depression,38 /- rue concerruat FRaste
violence, and a hort of other problems, all of which sem tobe statsi-
ely on the increase
‘But the picture i nt totaly Black Inthe lst twenty years there
has been a growing awareness among many people, particularly the
young, tht we mst lean to lve together moze humanly if we ae to
fuvive—and that there no time to se With the wise guidance of
people ike Virginia Sati, we ar begining to lear
‘As the socal potential is exercised, it rings rapidly accelerating
rents Bach contact and each relationship i supported by not one but
{vo peopl, both with socal potentials meeting one new frend wil
‘open the door to meeting another, developing thee sk successfully
tl invite inereated contacts and with them the opportunity to develop
three more "The socal potential seems to spiral a8 a peson begins
se
‘When this potential is neglected, however, 2 itis in alcholic
families, a spas —downsvard Then the friendship and spor of
ches who cate, needed now moe than eve, detrorat rapily until
they ll but diappear, One let, the social potential canbe recovered
only showy, fr of ll the human potenti itis the most dependent on
the other Sid must await ome degre of recovery inher before it an
be regained
Since Soeates, and probably lng before, man hs stood ia awe of
his oun mind. [eas often been eae 3 he single gift hat separates,
tus fom ater animals, Even in societies that pay lip service to equality
vhether demoratic of communstio—the most lavish rewards ae
bestowed on those with the greatest mental potential. Knowing how
unequally this potential is ditbuted at bit, we may undestandabiy
‘uertion whether lacing vo much external value on mental ability is fi.
‘We cannot, however, disagree with the fat thatthe mind has immense
‘ternal value in helping the individual become a whale person
Don Wegicheider, in his recent book If Only My Family Under
stood Me," ar given 4 vivid deserption ofthe mental potential—or
‘ethap should sy “potential for it embodies several separate abi
ties He els tthe “mental power:
en me Wee OM 6 Ft did Me Mm Ce Pe
‘The Whale Peon Model / 39
‘The mental power has three aspects. One aspect i inthe pas inthe
‘menor A pee’ memory conains many hen canis, which ny
(ime to lghtsranew epencace taggers moe string of remembrance,
‘Amero flat nly for cbvousreatne tke being 2 te ight
‘ces at the ight ines and for veenbeingbithdye and avers,
Memories li can bea alunble teacher sce memes, cold with
feng, epeince, and experience the bast teacher
The mental owe alo fae onthe pee dough eas. A pon
makes connections ith pst face and makes new lesring The es
ectios ofthe ba ae tl de mane of clestrochemiel engine
‘Nps able to fomulat ds ot pen, vestigate semaines,
Andorganinepoties.Thats mach moe cops tan snp ait
Inga fle of information,
“Tht pet ofthe metal power iin the ue, fart ond
‘magnon "The agian, + wold into ul poled wth al the
treaties of one's dems, enables pene Yo cone alesis,
en the most unre Fanti enables penon to yon new bebavon
‘The imagination enables a peso to ty cat new seis and explore
esl consequences fo “rhea” actos, The ination lends elo
fol, feetom to ore.
‘The mental potential thus provides a bridge fom past to future,
making both teal inthe present. Our memories speak of the pst bt
they stil lve now, today” Our fantasies speak of the future, but thse
too we experience here and now, today. In this way our mind enables
both past and ature to contribute tothe important work of ving ll,
cof which must be done in the present
Ta the whole person the mind interacts constantly with the other
potentils—receiving the messages the body delves and returning its
‘xn messages tothe outer werd: directing the emotions into safe and
satisfying channel while enriching itsel with their energy and spices
‘moderating socal interactions that they may be based in eel and
conducted with wisdom offering the spirit an entance to the world and
thereby extending itself where it otherwise couldnt go; ving the will
2 sound platform of fact and reason om which to stand and ths tae
forming thought into ation
Perhaps should make clea atthe outset what I mean by situ
‘Through the years the word has become so confused with religious that
the two are often used a synonymous. Ido not se them so. Webster'swp J rwn concerrvat pean
Actonary can help us begin to make a ditinetion: "Religious: rating
to or manifesting fithfl devotion to an acknowledged ultinate realty
diy." Every bona Bide religion strongly sprtua, but not ll that
‘esprit i reigns. The dictionary gives es help in defining sptua,
10 | wil explain my wage ofthe word
Fr me, spirituality has its rots deep in our universal human need
to undestund the meaning of life Where have we come from? Why ae
wwe here? Where does the journey lead?” Does it continue after death?
[And it Someone orchestating i all?
‘These questions have been buming in mankind's conciousness
since long before he ever recorded his thoughts. They have spawned 3
thousnd religions and eit, inspired poets and plowpbers, and con
tributed to the ingositive itch that has pushed science deeper and
‘deeper int the physical mysteries ofthe universe. However an individual
may ultimately answer them, the very questioning is pital
Ina fly developed person the spintual potential can find expres
sion in a wide variety of both inner and outer activities: meditation,
payer, discipline, organi religion, development of the higher Sal,
hhumanitaran sevice, commitment to causes fostering justice, bealth,
Jhuman dignity, and respect for other parts of our planetary community
to name but a few. The possibilities fr joy and satisfaction in such
pursuits transcend anything ese that the human potential can oer
But the spitual potential doesnot forever drift among the clouds
leis alo avery practical matter, frit s the source of ou values. Every
‘thought, experience, of ation of our daly lives i shaped by the value
system we hold. When that system i lkminated bya ively spinal
arenes, it can give even the mast mundane aspects of out lives
‘meaning, beauty, and nobility
‘When the epntual potential snot activated the person se tle
‘ean to exit. He tes one superbcilsaisfaction after anther in his
tempt to finds happines that continues to ude him, because iis not
there: Dislaoned, he develops symptoms that range from a vague
restlessness and boredom, though fatigue, itabiity, prychosomatic
ailments, depresion Eventually, ning no reason or ving, he may end
2 either suddenly by suicide or gradvaly by aditon to work, fod oF
chemical The steady increase inal these slow forms of se destruction
ne ut that pitta malate is reaching epidemic proportions in
or time
Web New Clie tiny: Sprig MAC 6 Mei Cong
The Whale Pemoe Model / 4
‘Those of us who work with alcholic ad thie fame are pain
fully aware ofthis problem. For them, spiritual anemia can be case,
ff, or bo, interplaying with their primary disease to hasten the
downward spi. Muchas we may wishf, there i no way 2 counselor
angie them the spinal richnes they have lost or never had. But we
fan at Tea tell them, in words and in our own way of beng, tat it
a be had; hat pista eneayspigs from within, and as log as we
Ste alive, at let's tiny spark oft remaine buried there somewhere,
siting fo Be fanned. The wise men of al spiival trations ase us
{hat eveyone who sincerely tis to Gnd i wll succeed
‘The volitional potenti the capacity for making cholzes. When
‘tis informed and atv, ican be a passport to freedom, ou best hope
for making our dreams come trae. Centered in the wil tmobile the
dt experience, values, and energy generated by al the othe potestils
ted puts them to work inthe service of the whale person
"The healthy will efectively sets goals, ranks praites, makes dei
sions, perseveres inthe face ffl, and sutsins efor unt ts gals
te eached or changed. I realize thatthe term willpower immediately
‘maker many people fee guity because of the moralistic meaning it was
tien in their cldhood, butt is hrdto deny that 2 strong will can be
‘ur greatest aly in living ie as we would have it be
By song, donot mean iid. A ealhy wills Beible, vay open
tonew inp fom thereof the personality ready to adapt and change
2 the station changes. This & the quality that those voices from
‘hildhood did ot alo for (Refusing to conform without question to
their unbending outside defnition of what was good for may well have
been the sgn ofa fealty wil)
Test ik, of course, to let somone else set the goals and make
the deisons, and simply to follow thei prescriptions, Many people do.
But they do so at the cost of being a whole person, forthe wil hat is
not exercised inal its Futons i not fly developed. “Prefabricated”
choices tend to be dictated by abstact principles, performance stan
‘ard, or someone e's wites, ater than th goal ofthe individual
for whom they ae recommended, By contrat, the choices which a
Iaeathy will makes for tcf are person-centered, made for one's own
wellbeing as well s that of others
‘Avoiding responsiblity for our choices might be called volition by42 J ewe concerroas rane
defeult—actng without deciding, There is abo sucha thing a volition
4 ecceptance— deciding without acting, This can bea wise choice in
certain drevnstances. Sometimes, 2 in terminal lines, los of loved
fone, war, and other adverse, the events of life may leave vs truly
‘Powel to act in anyway that would bring about an outcome we woul
vant. At such times we might rage against our fate, tur of our Feelings
So vedo ot have to endure the soto, or snpy give up and op living,
figuratively if not literally. But any ofthese eourses would only prolong
‘tr pain. The choice we have tht can eventually end it to make the
Seetion for acceptance; to adit the reality of our station, our help>
Tesnes in the fae of it, and our determination to make the best oft
‘anyway and find some renewed meaning in hfe. The wisdom of accept
‘nce hat long been appreciated in AA. Iie elected in both the Twelve
‘Steps andthe Serenity Prayer: "Crant me the seenty to accept what
[cant change, the courage to change what I can, and the wisdom to
now the diference
Each ofthe personal potenti, then, sit i developed, bring ite
‘own rewards in both inner satisfaction and effective behavior. But that
isnot all When al sx are healthily developed, the individual not only
is whole he fels whole. There is no dirk comer of his personality where
Ihe fels inadequate, nothing that he fel he must bul a protective wall
of defenses tide. Ths asec bos, he ens ston fens
seleworth,
Saleworth ian esentalingredient—perhap the estentilingred
cent in personal wellbeing and interpersonal harmony. The diagrams
Shown here make cleat why When 2 person hat a fcling of healthy
selFworth, when he has no touchy area of underdevelopment that he
must hil from exposure to the outside werd, he canbe open. He en
receive all messages from others ind from hit environment without
blocking them, and he ean respond honesty and spontaneously with
messages of his own
“This doesnot mean, of couse, hat he sat the merey of whatever
wins may blow his way He maintains ome healthy defene o protect
his legitimate needs against unhealthy demands and sss fom with
‘ut, Thediference is that they are we to protect his integrity, nt his
\weaknes, and they ae called into ation ony occasionally asthe need
Desens itl, not erected as permanent wal
a a
TL CIN
Pe
aay amy “Towel Fant ‘sie Fn
‘Penoal Defenses of Fay Members
Ado we ht dog wrth hk ofthe wk
mr dos wot make him egpentone might stanly Ohi
pth conta tees by fom presenti with sl and
trae him to eter nto 2 sting lato he ret of the
hen some of 2 penon's petals ae damaged or ander
developed he cot nd with hi nich tifeston fr ekgs
sfecworth Te pote what fale dg heat be eet a al
ef efor agts the ei ste and ose aes tht be
ec tom toute wrk expectation sed» eon etal
Tada lt on progeting nt the cnn hah ew a el 1
tery hard forth a peson to experince Hone, intimate atonhipe
bith others Ther ovetre have tbl aching the el penon be
Tied the defen, and what menage hey get ack fom him seem
inde and ert screed
“The sustom of the chemical dependent pron, nd exetuly
the members ois family a wel ven wore Tey flo vl
that hones serchange it mot completely cel os ard fd
‘openings the wal a al ee ls the fit challenge tan
Stes fay coms t pert that wal of defers and
help the std or cndedfeting of sew to pow enough hat
thevallen be dima, oc y hc, and communication estab
hed with the larger word.The Anatomy
of a Family
Wuerner we, ether counselors or clint, have uc:
‘ceded in becoming whol persons depends 2 good deal onthe families
in which we gew up. Whether we can remain whole and continue to
In carting the progesve phates of sechoiam more than aqua
ter ofa century ago, eink saw ls of controlar marking the ential
transition int the “adltve phases” However, he was earful to make
ea that even at this stage the aleahoic was nota completely helpless
victim of his dicase “The drinker,” he sid, "hat lort the ability #2
control the quantity once he hs stared, bt he silan control whether
the wil drink on any given cccasion,"¢
‘With his behaviors often itera out of conta, the Dependent
begins to encounter a lat more pressre fom the people around him,
‘They become concerned and warn him; they become angry and threaten
hi; they become hurt and weep. Foe awhile thet attempts to end his
drinking seem tobe meeting with some succes, for many aleholes "go
fn the wagon” at this stage But the ride & sally short. The pain in
their ves has become so grat by tis tine that erie out for reli.
So the aeoholic sep into a bar, sincerely intending to have “only @
‘eoupl,” bute ends up drinking unt aftr midnight Te wil bea Tong
ial jet befoce he reais, and admits to himself that he can never
again ake “a coupe of dria." Ths is why complete, permanent abst
‘nenee & 30 important to recovery
‘Allof ws fae times when the pressures fife get almost too heavy,
when weare filed with painful feng and our selfworth sow At sch
times the natal human tendency to fll back on certain univers
psychological defenses to protect us rom further attack, by thor around
‘and by ourselves. The sleaholic ie no exception,
‘Assoon sis drinking begun to cause complications in his everyday
lif, healed out the time-honored defenses of denying, avoiding, lam
ing making excuses, and all the vest. But those early difiulties were
nothing compared to the pain, problems, and personal eric that
follow los of conto. He fel shame at hie equent episodes of com
plete drunkenness 2nd the continuing feof his best efforts to stay
Sober; he fel ul this neglect of his wie and fay, he fel ut
tnd lonely a frends Become fener and fewer, he feels rghtend as his
“ne oC Ain Neo Cem
RE66 7 ene suaneo osease
iob situation becomes precarious and debts mount. ‘To admit is preica
‘ment would bring more pain than be could handle. (This sane ofthe
restos forthe high site ate mong chemically dependent people)
‘So prycholgial defenses of one srt of another come to dom
rate all i interactions with others. This defensive behavior i 0 pee
‘ictable and consistent among alcholic that 2 counselor ean quickly
recognize it
‘He aibs “1 did't ik too much ast night. It wasjust those
enciladas that made me sick”
He Blames. “It I had a wife who cared about me, | wouldn't
have tog outwith the boy at night”
He thratens “Don't ty to tell me what time T ought to be home
for dinner come home when I get good and
ready”
He charms, “Av, comeon, honey. Let’ forget about it and start
cover Tel be dierent this time”
‘He boasts. “Tm the only uy in tat whole shop that’s worth
nickel Why, you ought tose the mes there when
{don't make it to work for «couple of day!”
He avoids. “IF they'e 30 sif Fella can't have a couple of